CN109854650B - Friction unit for high-speed train brake pad and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Friction unit for high-speed train brake pad and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109854650B CN109854650B CN201910237371.4A CN201910237371A CN109854650B CN 109854650 B CN109854650 B CN 109854650B CN 201910237371 A CN201910237371 A CN 201910237371A CN 109854650 B CN109854650 B CN 109854650B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a friction unit for a brake pad of a high-speed train and a preparation method thereof. The friction unit comprises a powder metallurgy back plate, a infiltration layer and a friction body which are sequentially sintered into a whole; the fusion-infiltration layer is mutually dissolved with the powder metallurgy back plate and the friction body and then is metallurgically bonded together; the powder metallurgy back plate is formed by pressing and sintering metal powder I; the infiltration layer is formed by pressing metal powder II; the friction body is formed by pressing metal powder III. According to the friction unit provided by the invention, the molten infiltration layer respectively and completely forms solid solution alloy with the powder metallurgy back plate and the friction body, and plays roles in plating, melting, infiltrating and corrosion prevention of the powder metallurgy back plate and bonding between the back plate and the friction body. The powder metallurgy back plate is formed by pressing and sintering an iron-based material; and the powder metallurgy back plate and the friction body are bonded together through the infiltration layer during sintering, and the powder metallurgy back plate is subjected to infiltration copper plating treatment to realize the anticorrosion effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a friction unit for a brake pad of a high-speed train and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of brake pads of high-speed trains.
Background
The rail transit is the technical field of the national key development, and the high-speed rail motor car is the main artery and the popular vehicle of the national economy. With the technology of rail transit in China becoming mature, the number of high-speed rails and motor cars applied to the market is increasing more and more. In order to ensure the safe operation of the high-speed train, a stable and good brake system is necessary. The brake pad is a key component and a consumable part of a high-speed train braking system, and the braking energy of the train is greatly increased along with the continuous improvement of the running speed of the high-speed train, so that the brake pad is required to have higher physical performance and more stable friction performance.
The brake pad used for the high-speed train with the speed of 250 kilometers per hour or more at present is generally made of powder metallurgy materials due to the advantages of high strength, stable friction performance, no environmental pollution and the like. Friction unit is the key part in the powder metallurgy brake lining, and the braking safety and the life of brake lining are directly influenced to the good or bad direct influence of its frictional property, and friction unit mainly comprises backplate, transition layer, friction body triplex, under the prior art condition, when high-speed train actual braking, often appears because the backplate bonding strength is low under the high temperature leads to droing, brings the potential safety hazard for train braking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a friction unit for a brake pad of a high-speed train and a preparation method thereof, the friction unit can overcome the defect that a back plate and a friction body in the conventional friction unit are separated easily due to low bonding strength, the service life of the powder metallurgy brake pad made of the friction unit is prolonged, and a copper plating process for supporting the back plate is omitted, so that the whole manufacturing process is more environment-friendly.
The friction unit for the brake pad of the high-speed train comprises a powder metallurgy back plate, a infiltration layer and a friction body which are sequentially sintered into a whole;
the fusion-infiltration layer is mutually dissolved with the powder metallurgy back plate and the friction body and then is metallurgically bonded together to play a role in bonding the powder metallurgy back plate and the friction body;
the powder metallurgy back plate is formed by pressing and sintering metal powder I;
the infiltration layer is formed by pressing metal powder II;
the friction body is formed by pressing metal powder III.
In the friction unit, the thickness of the powder metallurgy back plate is 2.5-3.5 mm;
the metal powder I comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
90 to 95 percent of iron powder;
1% -5% of copper powder;
1% -5% of nickel powder;
0.1 to 2 percent of graphite powder;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
95% of iron powder;
1% of copper powder;
3.5 percent of nickel powder;
0.5 percent of graphite powder.
In the friction unit, the sintering temperature of the metal powder I is 1100-1150 ℃, and the time is 15-45 min.
In the friction unit, the thickness of the infiltration layer is 0.5-2 mm;
the metal powder II comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
90 to 95 percent of copper-tin alloy;
1% -8% of iron-copper alloy;
1% -4% of nickel;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
90% of copper-tin alloy;
6% of iron-copper alloy;
4% of nickel.
In the friction unit, the metal powder III comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Cu 30％～55％；
Fe 15％～40％；
MoS2 1％～4％；
1% -2% of tungsten carbide;
10 to 20 percent of graphite;
5 to 10 percent of iron-chromium alloy;
1% -2% of alumina;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Cu 53％；
Fe 15％；
MoS2 3％；
2% of tungsten carbide;
18% of graphite;
8% of iron-chromium alloy;
1% of aluminum oxide.
The invention further provides a preparation method of the friction unit, which comprises the following steps:
1) the metal powder I is mixed and then pressed to obtain a formed green compact A, and the formed green compact A is continuously sintered to obtain the powder metallurgy back plate;
2) mixing the metal powder II and then performing compression molding to obtain a tablet;
3) mixing the metal powder III, and then performing compression molding to obtain a molded green body B;
4) and sequentially laminating the powder metallurgy back plate, the pressing sheet and the molded green body into a whole, sintering at a high temperature in a reducing atmosphere, and then sequentially pressurizing and cooling to obtain the friction unit.
In the preparation method, in the step 1), the mixing time is 0.5-2 hours;
the sintering temperature is 1100-1150 ℃, and the time is 15-45 min;
sintering in a powder metallurgy mesh belt furnace.
In the preparation method, in the step 2), the mixing time is 0.5-2 hours, then the mixed material is placed into a die cavity of a tablet press for constant volume weighing, and the tablet press with the required weight and thickness is obtained through punching.
In the preparation method, in the step 3), the mixing time is 1-10 hours, then the mixed material is placed into a die cavity of an automatic molding press for weighing the material at constant volume, and the molded green body with the required density is obtained by adjusting the pressure of molding equipment.
In the preparation method, in the step 4), sintering is carried out in a push boat type atmosphere sintering furnace;
the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, and the time is 30-120 min;
the reducing atmosphere is H2And N2The mixed gas of (1).
In the above preparation method, the pressurizing conditions are as follows:
the pressure is 0.01-5 MPa;
the time is 5-30 min.
According to the friction unit provided by the invention, the molten infiltration layer respectively and completely forms solid solution alloy with the powder metallurgy back plate and the friction body, and plays roles in plating, melting, infiltrating and corrosion prevention of the powder metallurgy back plate and bonding between the back plate and the friction body. The powder metallurgy back plate is formed by pressing and sintering an iron-based material; and the powder metallurgy back plate and the friction body are bonded together through the infiltration layer during sintering, and the powder metallurgy back plate is subjected to infiltration copper plating treatment to realize the anticorrosion effect. The friction unit can overcome the defect that the back plate and the friction body in the existing friction block are separated and easily fall off due to low bonding strength, and reduces pollution processes such as back plate copper plating and the like. Through tests, the bonding strength between the powder metallurgy back plate and the friction body in the friction unit is more than 40MPa, and is far higher than the requirement of more than 7MPa required in the industry standard TJ/L307.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Examples 1,
The composition of the metal powder of the pressed sintered powder metallurgy back plate adopted in this embodiment in percentage by mass is as follows:
95% of iron powder; 1% of copper powder; 3.5 percent of nickel powder; 0.5 percent of graphite powder.
The composition of the metal powder for pressing the molten layer in this embodiment in percentage by mass is as follows:
90% of copper-tin alloy; 6% of iron-copper alloy; 4% of nickel.
The composition of the metal powder for pressing the friction body in percentage by mass used in this example was as follows:
Cu 53％；Fe 15％；MoS23 percent; 2% of tungsten carbide; 18% of graphite; 8% of iron-chromium alloy; 1% of aluminum oxide.
The friction unit for the brake pad of the high-speed train is prepared according to the following steps:
step 1, three-dimensionally mixing friction body powder according to a ratio, wherein the mixing time is 8 hours, putting the mixed material into a die cavity of an automatic molding press for constant volume weighing, and adjusting the pressure of molding equipment to obtain the required density (4.8 g/cm)3) As a friction body.
And 2, three-dimensionally mixing the powder of the infiltration layer according to the proportion, wherein the mixing time is 2 hours, putting the mixed material into a die cavity of a tablet press for constant volume weighing, and punching to obtain tablets with required weight and thickness (the thickness is about 5 percent of the friction body, and the weight is 6 percent of the friction body).
And 3, three-dimensionally mixing powder of the powder metallurgy back plate according to the proportion, wherein the mixing time is 2 hours, putting the mixed material into a pressing die cavity of a forming machine for constant volume weighing to obtain a required formed green body, putting the green body into a powder metallurgy mesh belt furnace for continuous sintering, and performing high-temperature sintering at 1120 ℃ for 30min to obtain the powder metallurgy back plate.
And 4, sequentially combining the friction body, the infiltration layer and the powder metallurgy back plate together, putting the combined friction body, the infiltration layer and the powder metallurgy back plate into a push boat type atmosphere sintering furnace, and sintering at a high temperature: sintering at 1020 deg.C for 120min in a reducing atmosphere of H at a volume ratio of 3:12And N2. Pressurizing: and pressurizing for 15min, loading pressure of 0.5MPa, and cooling with water in a furnace to obtain the friction unit for the brake pad of the high-speed train, wherein the thickness of the powder metallurgy back plate is 3mm, and the thickness of the molten infiltration layer is 0.5 mm.
The bonding strength between the powder metallurgy back plate and the friction body is measured to be 30MPa by adopting a detection mode of the bonding strength specified by the TJ/L307 accessory, and is far higher than the requirement of more than 7MPa required in the industry standard TJ/L307.
According to the test method specified by TJ/L307, the density of the friction body prepared in the embodiment is about 5.0-5.3 g/cm3, and the shear strength of the friction material is about 15 MPa. The friction coefficient measured by a TM-II type friction tester is stabilized at about 0.35, and the requirements of the industry standards are met.
Claims (8)
1. A friction unit comprises a powder metallurgy back plate, a melt-infiltration layer and a friction body which are sequentially sintered into a whole;
the fusion-infiltration layer is mutually dissolved with the powder metallurgy back plate and the friction body and then is metallurgically bonded together;
the powder metallurgy back plate is formed by pressing and sintering metal powder I;
the infiltration layer is formed by pressing metal powder II;
the friction body is formed by pressing metal powder III;
the metal powder I comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
90 to 95 percent of iron powder;
1% -5% of copper powder;
1% -5% of nickel powder;
0.1 to 2 percent of graphite powder;
the metal powder II comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
90 to 95 percent of copper-tin alloy;
1% -8% of iron-copper alloy;
1% -4% of nickel;
the metal powder III comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Cu 30％～55％；
Fe 15％～40％；
MoS2 1％～4％；
1% -2% of tungsten carbide;
10 to 20 percent of graphite;
5 to 10 percent of iron-chromium alloy;
1 to 2 percent of alumina.
2. The friction unit as recited in claim 1 wherein: the thickness of the powder metallurgy back plate is 2.5-3.5 mm.
3. The friction unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the sintering temperature of the metal powder I is 1100-1150 ℃, and the time is 15-45 min.
4. The friction unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the thickness of the melt-permeation layer is 0.5-2 mm.
5. A method of making a friction unit as defined in any of claims 1 to 4 comprising the steps of:
1) the metal powder I is mixed and then pressed to obtain a formed green compact A, and the formed green compact A is continuously sintered to obtain the powder metallurgy back plate;
2) mixing the metal powder II and then performing compression molding to obtain a tablet;
3) mixing the metal powder III, and then performing compression molding to obtain a molded green body B;
4) and sequentially laminating the powder metallurgy back plate, the pressing sheet and the molded green body into a whole, sintering at a high temperature in a reducing atmosphere, and then sequentially pressurizing and cooling to obtain the friction unit.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the step 1), the sintering temperature is 1100-1150 ℃, and the time is 15-45 min;
sintering in a powder metallurgy mesh belt furnace.
7. The production method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: in the step 4), high-temperature sintering is carried out in a push boat type atmosphere sintering furnace;
the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, and the time is 30-120 min;
the reducing atmosphere is H2And N2The mixed gas of (1).
8. The production method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: the pressurizing conditions were as follows:
the pressure is 0.01-5 MPa;
the time is 5-30 min.
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| CN110695364B (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2022-04-08 | 博深股份有限公司 | Motor train unit brake pad material and method for manufacturing same |
| CN111826576B (en) * | 2020-07-26 | 2022-04-15 | 重庆科利得精密机械工业有限公司 | Metal powder and method for processing high-performance metal parts by using metal powder |
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