CN109852886A - A kind of spheroidal graphite cast-iron of high-intensity and high-tenacity, crankshaft and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of spheroidal graphite cast-iron of high-intensity and high-tenacity, crankshaft and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109852886A CN109852886A CN201910227828.3A CN201910227828A CN109852886A CN 109852886 A CN109852886 A CN 109852886A CN 201910227828 A CN201910227828 A CN 201910227828A CN 109852886 A CN109852886 A CN 109852886A
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- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940029985 mineral supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of spheroidal graphite cast-iron of high-intensity and high-tenacity, ingredient reinforcing has been carried out to ductile cast iron material used in crankshaft, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of the ductile iron crankshaft of high-intensity and high-tenacity, process strengthening has been carried out to ductile iron crankshaft, so that the nodulizing grade of the crankshaft is 1-2 grades, graphite size is 5-8 grades, 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue are obtained after isothermal hardening, ingredient strengthens combined process and strengthens the tensile strength >=900MPa for realizing that combination among the strong ones makes the crankshaft, elongation percentage >=10%, impact flexibility >=190J/cm2, hardness 260-320HBW, comprehensive mechanical performance index is better than forged steel 40Cr and 42CrMo, realize truly with iron Dai Gang, compared with same forged steel crankshaft, weight reduce by 10% or more, 30% or more save the cost, reduces the difficulty of processing for preparing of crankshaft, and application prospect is very wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of internal combustion engines, more particularly, to a kind of spheroidal graphite cast-iron of high-intensity and high-tenacity, crankshaft and
Preparation method.
Background technique
Crankshaft is one of critical component of engine, crankshaft bear at work big load and continually changing moment of flexure and
Torque effect, the strength and stiffness of crankshaft have decisive influence to the reliability of engine.The common failure mode of crankshaft has by force
It is worn caused by fatigue fracture caused by angle value, toughness are insufficient and hardness number are low.Therefore, actual production and application in crankshaft
Intensity, hardness and toughness propose very high requirement.
There are mainly two types of the materials of currently manufactured crankshaft, and one is forged steel materials, such as 40Cr, 42CrMo；Another kind is
Nodular cast iron material, generally using QT800-2, QT900-2 etc..With Chinese patent " component of ductile iron crankshaft and its production
Method " (patent No. ZL201310335464.3) can prepare the crankshaft of QT900-5 material, but the song of patented technology preparation
Axis has a certain gap that (elongation percentage of existing forged steel material is generally 9% compared with the elongation percentage of the crankshaft of existing forged steel material
More than), cause present powerful diesel engine still more to use forged steel crankshaft.But there is following lack in forged steel crankshaft always
Fall into: weight is big, and forging and difficulty of processing are big, directly result in cost increase, are unfavorable for market competition, does not meet country's promotion
Energy-saving and emission-reduction requirement.
Therefore, how a kind of high-intensitive and high tenacity ductile iron crankshaft is provided, reduces the weight of crankshaft, reduces crankshaft
Prepare difficulty of processing, the technical issues of cost for reducing crankshaft is current those skilled in the art's urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is that providing a kind of spheroidal graphite cast-iron of high-intensity and high-tenacity.The embodiment of the present invention it is another
Mesh is to provide a kind of ductile iron crankshaft and preparation method thereof of high-intensity and high-tenacity.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution provided by the invention are as follows:
A kind of spheroidal graphite cast-iron of high-intensity and high-tenacity, the component including following mass percent: 0.36%~0.40%
C, 1.9%~2.4% Si, S≤0.020%, P≤0.025%, 0.25%~0.65% Mn, 2.0%~3.0% Ni,
0.50%~0.85% Cu, 0.002%~0.008% Sb, 0.01%~0.02% Sn, surplus are Fe and can not keep away
The impurity exempted from；It and is 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue.
Preferably, further include mass percent be 0.002%~0.005% Bi.
Preferably, further include the component of following mass percent: 0.003%~0.004% Ca, 0.0025%~
0.003% Mg, 0.006%~0.01% rare earth RE, 0.0003%~0.0075% Ba.
Preferably, further include mass percent be 0.001%~0.0035% Bi.
A kind of crankshaft is prepared by the spheroidal graphite cast-iron described in any one of above-mentioned.
Preferably, the nodulizing grade of the crankshaft is 1~2 grade, and graphite size is 5~8 grades.
A kind of preparation method of crankshaft, comprising the following steps:
1) smelting molten iron: the molten iron that control obtains after the completion of smelting includes the component of following mass percent: 0.36%~
0.40% C, 1.9%~2.4% Si, S≤0.020%, P≤0.025%, 0.25%~0.65% Mn, 2.0%~
3.0% Ni, 0.50%~0.85% Cu, 0.002%~0.008% Sb, 0.01%~0.02% Sn, surplus Fe
And inevitable impurity；
2) spheroidising: nodulizer being added into the molten iron that step 1) obtains, and carries out spheroidising；
3) inoculation: an inovulant is added into the molten iron after spheroidising, carries out an inoculation；
4) it casts: post inoculant is added in casting process into molten iron and carries out late inoculation processing；
It is cooling after the completion of casting, crank shaft blank, the crankshaft obtained after control late inoculation processing are obtained after molten steel solidification
The nodulizing grade of blank is 1~2 grade, and graphite size is 5~8 grades, pearlite fraction >=60%；
5) crank shaft blank that step 4) obtains is subjected to isothermal hardening after slightly machining: crank shaft blank is heated to 880
DEG C~920 DEG C at keep the temperature 1~3 hour, then carry out salt bath isothermal cooling treatment, salt bath isothermal cooling temperature be 260 DEG C~300
DEG C, salt bath isothermal cooling time is 1~3 hour, obtains 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue after controlling isothermal hardening；
After isothermal hardening, then through essence machining after obtain crankshaft finished product.
Preferably, in step 2), the nodulizer includes the component of following mass percent: Mg:6.5%~7.5%,
RE:1.0%~2.0%, Si:43%~48%, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity；The addition quality of nodulizer is iron
The 1.0%~1.3% of water gross mass, spheroidization treatment temperature are 1490 DEG C~1520 DEG C.
Preferably, in step 3), an inovulant includes the component of following mass percent: Si:65%~70%,
Ba:0.3%~0.5%, Ca:0.3%~0.5%, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity；The addition matter of inovulant
Amount is the 0.5%~0.6% of molten iron gross mass, and an inoculation temperature is 1490 DEG C~1520 DEG C.
Preferably, in step 4), the molten iron temperature after an inoculation starts to pour when reaching 1480 DEG C~1500 DEG C
Casting；
And post inoculant includes the component of following mass percent: Si:65%~70%, Ba:0.3%~0.5%,
Ca:0.3%~0.5%, Bi:0.4%~0.6%, RE:0.1%~0.3%, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity；Two
The addition quality of secondary inovulant is the 0.1%~0.15% of molten iron gross mass.
The present invention provides a kind of spheroidal graphite cast-iron of high-intensity and high-tenacity, carry out to ductile cast iron material used in crankshaft
Ingredient reinforcing, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of the ductile iron crankshaft of high-intensity and high-tenacity, to spheroidal graphite cast-iron
Crankshaft has carried out process strengthening, so that nodulizing grade is 1~2 grade after spheroidising, graphite size is 5~8 grades, pearlite fraction
>=60%, 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue are obtained after isothermal hardening, ingredient reinforcing combined process reinforcing, which realizes combination among the strong ones, to be made
Obtain tensile strength >=900MPa of the crankshaft, elongation percentage >=10%, impact flexibility >=190J/cm2, hardness 260-320HBW,
Comprehensive mechanical performance index is better than forged steel 40Cr and 42CrMo, realize truly with iron Dai Gang, it is bent with same forged steel
Axis is compared, and weight reduces by 10% or more, and 30% or more save the cost, reduce crankshaft prepares difficulty of processing, is had extremely aobvious
The social benefit of work, application prospect are very wide.
Specific embodiment
For a further understanding of the present invention, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to embodiment, still
It should be appreciated that these descriptions only further illustrate feature and advantage of the invention, rather than to the limit of the claims in the present invention
System.
This application provides a kind of spheroidal graphite cast-iron of high-intensity and high-tenacity, the component including following mass percent:
0.36%~0.40% C, 1.9%~2.4% Si, S≤0.020%, P≤0.025%, 0.25%~0.65% Mn,
2.0%~3.0% Ni, 0.50%~0.85% Cu, 0.002%~0.008% Sb, 0.01%~0.02% Sn,
Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity；It and is 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue.
In one embodiment of the application, above-mentioned spheroidal graphite cast-iron further include mass percent be 0.002%~
0.005% Bi.
In one embodiment of the application, above-mentioned spheroidal graphite cast-iron further includes the component of following mass percent:
0.003%~0.004% Ca, 0.0025%~0.003% Mg, 0.006%~0.01% rare earth RE, 0.0003%~
0.0075% Ba.
In one embodiment of the application, above-mentioned spheroidal graphite cast-iron further include mass percent be 0.001%~
0.0035% Bi.
Present invention also provides a kind of crankshafts, are prepared by the spheroidal graphite cast-iron described in any one of above-mentioned.
In one embodiment of the application, the nodulizing grade of the crankshaft is 1~2 grade, and graphite size is 5~8 grades.
Present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of above-mentioned crankshaft, comprising the following steps:
1) smelting molten iron: the molten iron that control obtains after the completion of smelting includes the component of following mass percent: 0.36%~
0.40% C, 1.9%~2.4% Si, S≤0.020%, P≤0.025%, 0.25%~0.65% Mn, 2.0%~
3.0% Ni, 0.50%~0.85% Cu, 0.002%~0.008% Sb, 0.01%~0.02% Sn, surplus Fe
And inevitable impurity；
2) spheroidising: nodulizer being added into the molten iron that step 1) obtains, and carries out spheroidising；
3) inoculation: an inovulant is added into the molten iron after spheroidising, carries out an inoculation；
4) it casts: post inoculant is added in casting process into molten iron and carries out late inoculation processing；
It is cooling after the completion of casting, crank shaft blank, the crankshaft obtained after control late inoculation processing are obtained after molten steel solidification
The nodulizing grade of blank is 1~2 grade, and graphite size is 5~8 grades, pearlite fraction >=60%；
5) crank shaft blank that step 4) obtains is subjected to isothermal hardening after slightly machining: crank shaft blank is heated to 880
DEG C~920 DEG C at keep the temperature 1~3 hour, then carry out salt bath isothermal cooling treatment, salt bath isothermal cooling temperature be 260 DEG C~300
DEG C, salt bath isothermal cooling time is 1~3 hour, obtains 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue after controlling isothermal hardening；
After isothermal hardening, then through essence machining after obtain crankshaft finished product.
In one embodiment of the application, in step 2), the nodulizer includes the component of following mass percent:
Mg:6.5%~7.5%, RE:1.0%~2.0%, Si:43%~48%, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity；Nodularization
The addition quality of agent is the 1.0%~1.3% of molten iron gross mass, and spheroidization treatment temperature is 1490 DEG C~1520 DEG C.
In one embodiment of the application, in step 3), an inovulant includes the group of following mass percent
Point: Si:65%~70%, Ba:0.3%~0.5%, Ca:0.3%~0.5%, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity；
The addition quality of inovulant is the 0.5%~0.6% of molten iron gross mass, and an inoculation temperature is 1490 DEG C~1520
℃。
In one embodiment of the application, in step 4), a molten iron temperature after inoculation reaches 1480 DEG C
Start to cast at~1500 DEG C；
And post inoculant includes the component of following mass percent: Si:65%~70%, Ba:0.3%~0.5%,
Ca:0.3%~0.5%, Bi:0.4%~0.6%, RE:0.1%~0.3%, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity；Two
The addition quality of secondary inovulant is the 0.1%~0.15% of molten iron gross mass.
Chinese patent " component and its production method of ductile iron crankshaft " (patent No. ZL201310335464.3), can be with
The crankshaft for preparing QT900-5 material, it discloses a kind of ingredient of ductile iron crankshaft and preparation methods, are strengthened by ingredient
The combination among the strong ones that combined process is strengthened realizes while improving the purpose of the intensity of crankshaft, hardness and toughness, although its toughness
It is improved, but its elongation percentage is only increased to 5% or so, general compared to existing forged steel material prolongs 9% or more
Rate is stretched, is also fallen far short.For this purpose, on the basis of the ingredient of spheroidal graphite cast-iron of the application in patent ZL201310335464.3 after
It is continuous to improve, it is added to nickel element, has carried out secondary component reinforcing；And on the basis of secondary component is strengthened, correspondingly carry out
Secondary processes reinforcings (isothermal hardening), so that nodulizing grade is 1~2 grade after spheroidising, graphite size is 5~8 grades, pearly-lustre
Body quantity >=60% obtains 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue after isothermal hardening, ingredient strengthens combined process and strengthens realization Qiang Qianglian
Close tensile strength >=900MPa so that the crankshaft, elongation percentage >=10%, impact flexibility >=190J/cm2, hardness 260-
320HBW, comprehensive mechanical performance index are better than forged steel 40Cr and 42CrMo, realize truly with iron Dai Gang, and it is same
Forged steel crankshaft is compared, and weight reduces by 10% or more, and 30% or more save the cost, reduce crankshaft prepares difficulty of processing, has
Extremely significant social benefit, application prospect are very wide.
Compared with 5% or so elongation percentage of the crankshaft in patent ZL201310335464.3, crankshaft in the application
Elongation percentage is increased to >=10%, and increase rate is one times or more, the change (addition for mainly above-mentioned alloying component of tracing it to its cause
Nickel element) change (isothermal hardening obtains 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue) of+alloy structure codetermined changing for alloy property
Become: the effect of 1. nickel elements herein, first is that refinement crystal grain carries out ingredient standard second is that increasing harden ability for subsequent isothermal hardening
Standby, the addition nickel element of front, which is not followed by, can not carry out isothermal hardening, because in patent ZL201310335464.3
The harden ability of spheroidal graphite cast-iron is not sufficiently good to be quenched, and then also you can't get 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue；2. being
Front is set to be added to the purpose that also cannot achieve the application behind nickel element without isothermal hardening；Addition nickel element herein with
Isothermal hardening obtains 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue, the two be all for the purpose for realizing the application it is necessary, the two is one
Indivisible entirety, Neither of the two can be dispensed.
The performance of alloy is codetermined in view of ingredient+alloy tissue of alloy, therefore in the application, isothermal hardening is not
It is purpose, isothermal hardening is a kind of means, obtains 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue and is only ultimate purpose, is obtained not after isothermal hardening
It is also disabled to 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue, because only that when the tissue of spheroidal graphite cast-iron is 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue
When, then assist with nodulizing grade as 1-2 grades, graphite size is 5-8 grades, tensile strength >=900MPa of the crankshaft could be made,
Elongation percentage >=10%, impact flexibility >=190J/cm2, hardness 260-320HBW.
Ductile iron crankshaft blank in patent ZL201310335464.3 can not carry out same temperature hardening heat treatment, because
It is not sufficiently good for the harden ability of its spheroidal graphite cast-iron, cause it that can not be quenched, brinelling be can hardening crack, therefore patent
Heat treatment process in ZL201310335464.3 is that first normalizing is tempered again.
The effect of nickel element herein, first is that refinement crystal grain carries out ingredient second is that increasing harden ability for subsequent isothermal hardening
Prepare.Therefore, the mass percent of Ni described herein is 2.0%~3.0%, preferably 2.5%~3.0%, more excellent
Choosing is 2.7%~2.9%.
Rare earth RE in the application is Ce element or Y element.
In the application, added nodulizer, an inovulant and post inoculant are equal in the preparation method of crankshaft
Control method for a small amount of or trace mineral supplement, additive amount is with the percentage that the addition quality of additive accounts for molten iron gross mass
Standard, as long as the percentage that quality is added is up to standard, even if qualification is added in nodulizer, an inovulant and post inoculant, without
It is embodied in after cooled and solidified is completed in casting and obtains in the component formula of crank shaft blank, is i.e. the component formula of chemical examination detection crank shaft blank
Whether it is up to standard when do not chemically examine the content of the element that detection nodulizer, an inovulant and post inoculant are additionally introduced, i.e.,
The content of Mg, RE, Ba, Ca, Bi in the component formula of crank shaft blank are not chemically examined, and the element only detected in original molten iron exists at this time
Content in crank shaft blank.
For a further understanding of the present invention, below with reference to embodiment to a kind of ball of high-intensity and high-tenacity provided by the invention
Black cast iron, crankshaft and preparation method thereof are described in detail, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
4TD80 supercharged diesel machine crankshaft is produced, preparation method includes the following steps:
1) smelting molten iron: the molten iron that control obtains after the completion of smelting includes the component of following mass percent: 0.36%~
0.40% C, 1.9%~2.4% Si, S≤0.020%, P≤0.025%, 0.25%~0.65% Mn, 2.0%~
3.0% Ni, 0.50%~0.85% Cu, 0.002%~0.008% Sb, 0.01%~0.02% Sn, surplus Fe
And inevitable impurity；
2) spheroidising: nodulizer being added into the molten iron that step 1) obtains, and carries out spheroidising；
In step 2), the nodulizer includes the component of following mass percent: Mg:7.0%, RE:1.0%%, Si:
45%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity；The addition quality of nodulizer is the 1.2% of molten iron gross mass, spheroidising
Temperature is 1500 DEG C；
3) inoculation: an inovulant is added into the molten iron after spheroidising, carries out an inoculation；
In step 3), an inovulant includes the component of following mass percent: Si:65%, Ba:0.5%, Ca:
0.3%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity；The addition quality of inovulant is the 0.5% of molten iron gross mass, once
Inoculation temperature is 1500 DEG C；
4) it casts: post inoculant is added in casting process into molten iron and carries out late inoculation processing；
In step 4), the molten iron temperature after an inoculation starts to cast when reaching 1500 DEG C；
And post inoculant includes the component of following mass percent: Si:70%, Ba:0.3%, Ca:0.3%, Bi:
0.4%, RE:0.1%, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity；The addition quality of post inoculant is molten iron gross mass
0.1%；
It is cooling after the completion of casting, crank shaft blank, the crankshaft obtained after control late inoculation processing are obtained after molten steel solidification
The nodulizing grade of blank is 2 grades, and graphite size is 5 grades, pearlite fraction 70%, and carbides-free the castings such as is mingled with, is loose and lacks
It falls into；
5) crank shaft blank that step 4) obtains is subjected to isothermal hardening after slightly machining: is heated to by crank shaft blank
2 hours are kept the temperature at 900 DEG C, then carries out salt bath isothermal cooling treatment, salt bath isothermal cooling temperature is 280 DEG C, and salt bath isothermal is cold
But the time is 2 hours, obtains 2 grades of upper bainite tissue after controlling isothermal hardening；
After isothermal hardening, then through essence machining after obtain crankshaft finished product.
The crankshaft finished product prepared to the present embodiment 1 is sampled chemical examination, as a result are as follows: and 0.38% C, 1.9% Si, S≤
0.01%, P≤0.01%, 0.4% Mn, 2.0% Ni, 0.50% Cu, 0.006% Sb, 0.015% Sn, surplus
For Fe and inevitable impurity；
The detection standard sample for preparing the crankshaft of the Nodular cast iron material of the embodiment 1 according to the above method, detects the crankshaft
Mechanical property, as a result are as follows: tensile strength 970MPa, elongation percentage 12%, impact flexibility 190J/cm2, hardness is
The fatigue bending torque of 298HBW, crankshaft are more than 3162N.m, are higher than the quenched forged steel crankshaft of 40Cr, 42CrMo.
Embodiment 2
1TQ000 supercharged diesel machine crankshaft is produced, preparation method includes the following steps:
1) smelting molten iron: the molten iron that control obtains after the completion of smelting includes the component of following mass percent: 0.36%~
0.40% C, 1.9%~2.4% Si, S≤0.020%, P≤0.025%, 0.25%~0.65% Mn, 2.0%~
3.0% Ni, 0.50%~0.85% Cu, 0.002%~0.008% Sb, 0.01%~0.02% Sn, surplus Fe
And inevitable impurity；
2) spheroidising: nodulizer being added into the molten iron that step 1) obtains, and carries out spheroidising；
In step 2), the nodulizer includes the component of following mass percent: Mg:6.5%, RE:1.0%, Si:
43%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity；The addition quality of nodulizer is the 1.1% of molten iron gross mass, spheroidising
Temperature is 1500 DEG C；
3) inoculation: an inovulant is added into the molten iron after spheroidising, carries out an inoculation；
In step 3), an inovulant includes the component of following mass percent: Si:65%, Ba:0.3%, Ca:
0.3%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity；The addition quality of inovulant is the 0.5% of molten iron gross mass, once
Inoculation temperature is 1500 DEG C；
4) it casts: post inoculant is added in casting process into molten iron and carries out late inoculation processing；
In step 4), the molten iron temperature after an inoculation starts to cast when reaching 1500 DEG C；
And post inoculant includes the component of following mass percent: Si:65%, Ba:0.3%, Ca:0.3%, Bi:
0.4%, RE:0.1%, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity；The addition quality of post inoculant is molten iron gross mass
0.11%；
It is cooling after the completion of casting, crank shaft blank, the crankshaft obtained after control late inoculation processing are obtained after molten steel solidification
The nodulizing grade of blank is 2 grades, and graphite size is 6 grades, pearlite fraction 60%, and carbides-free the castings such as is mingled with, is loose and lacks
It falls into；
5) crank shaft blank that step 4) obtains is subjected to isothermal hardening after slightly machining: is heated to by crank shaft blank
1.5 hours are kept the temperature at 910 DEG C, then carries out salt bath isothermal cooling treatment, salt bath isothermal cooling temperature is 300 DEG C, salt bath isothermal
Cooling time is 1.5 hours, obtains 2 grades of upper bainite tissue after controlling isothermal hardening；
After isothermal hardening, then through essence machining after obtain crankshaft finished product.
The crankshaft finished product prepared to the present embodiment 2 is sampled chemical examination, as a result are as follows: and 0.37% C, 2.1% Si, S≤
0.01%, P≤0.01%, 0.5% Mn, 3.0% Ni, 0.6% Cu, 0.006% Sb, 0.015% Sn, surplus are
Fe and inevitable impurity；
The detection standard sample for preparing the crankshaft of the Nodular cast iron material of the embodiment 2 according to the above method, detects the crankshaft
Mechanical property, as a result are as follows: tensile strength 1009MPa, elongation percentage 14.2%, impact flexibility 200J/cm2, hardness is
The fatigue bending torque of 320HBW, crankshaft are more than 3875N.m, are higher than the quenched forged steel crankshaft of 40Cr, 42CrMo.
Embodiment 3
4L30F supercharged diesel machine crankshaft is produced, preparation method includes the following steps:
1) smelting molten iron: the molten iron that control obtains after the completion of smelting includes the component of following mass percent: 0.36%~
0.40% C, 1.9%~2.4% Si, S≤0.020%, P≤0.025%, 0.25%~0.65% Mn, 2.0%~
3.0% Ni, 0.50%~0.85% Cu, 0.002%~0.008% Sb, 0.01%~0.02% Sn, surplus Fe
And inevitable impurity；
2) spheroidising: nodulizer being added into the molten iron that step 1) obtains, and carries out spheroidising；
In step 2), the nodulizer includes the component of following mass percent: Mg:6.5%, RE:1.0%, Si:
43%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity；The addition quality of nodulizer is the 1.2% of molten iron gross mass, spheroidising
Temperature is 1500 DEG C；
3) inoculation: an inovulant is added into the molten iron after spheroidising, carries out an inoculation；
In step 3), an inovulant includes the component of following mass percent: Si:65%, Ba:0.3%, Ca:
0.3%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity；The addition quality of inovulant is the 0.5% of molten iron gross mass, once
Inoculation temperature is 1500 DEG C；
4) it casts: post inoculant is added in casting process into molten iron and carries out late inoculation processing；
In step 4), the molten iron temperature after an inoculation starts to cast when reaching 1500 DEG C；
And post inoculant includes the component of following mass percent: Si:65%, Ba:0.3%, Ca:0.3%, Bi:
0.4%, RE:0.1%, remaining is iron and inevitable impurity；The addition quality of post inoculant is molten iron gross mass
0.12%；
It is cooling after the completion of casting, crank shaft blank, the crankshaft obtained after control late inoculation processing are obtained after molten steel solidification
The nodulizing grade of blank is 2 grades, and graphite size is 6 grades, pearlite fraction 65%, and carbides-free the castings such as is mingled with, is loose and lacks
It falls into；
5) crank shaft blank that step 4) obtains is subjected to isothermal hardening after slightly machining: is heated to by crank shaft blank
1.8 hours are kept the temperature at 900 DEG C, then carries out salt bath isothermal cooling treatment, salt bath isothermal cooling temperature is 290 DEG C, salt bath isothermal
Cooling time is 1.8 hours, obtains 2 grades of upper bainite tissue after controlling isothermal hardening；
After isothermal hardening, then through essence machining after obtain crankshaft finished product.
The crankshaft finished product prepared to the present embodiment 3 is sampled chemical examination, as a result are as follows: and 0.36% C, 2.4% Si, S≤
0.01%, P≤0.01%, 0.6% Mn, 3.0% Ni, 0.8% Cu, 0.006% Sb, 0.015% Sn, surplus are
Fe and inevitably it is miscellaneous
The detection standard sample for preparing the crankshaft of the Nodular cast iron material of the embodiment 3 according to the above method, detects the crankshaft
Mechanical property, as a result are as follows: tensile strength 996MPa, elongation percentage 13.2%, impact flexibility 195J/cm2, hardness is
The fatigue bending torque of 286HBW, crankshaft are more than 3200N.m, are higher than the quenched forged steel crankshaft of 40Cr, 42CrMo.
The above description of the embodiment is only used to help understand the method for the present invention and its core ideas.It should be pointed out that pair
For those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can also be carried out
Some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of spheroidal graphite cast-iron of high-intensity and high-tenacity, which is characterized in that the component including following mass percent: 0.36%~
0.40% C, 1.9%~2.4% Si, S≤0.020%, P≤0.025%, 0.25%~0.65% Mn, 2.0%~
3.0% Ni, 0.50%~0.85% Cu, 0.002%~0.008% Sb, 0.01%~0.02% Sn, surplus Fe
And inevitable impurity；It and is 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue.
2. spheroidal graphite cast-iron according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include mass percent be 0.002%~
0.005% Bi.
3. spheroidal graphite cast-iron according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include the component of following mass percent:
0.003%~0.004% Ca, 0.0025%~0.003% Mg, 0.006%~0.01% rare earth RE, 0.0003%~
0.0075% Ba.
4. spheroidal graphite cast-iron according to claim 3, which is characterized in that further include mass percent be 0.001%~
0.0035% Bi.
5. a kind of crankshaft, which is characterized in that the spheroidal graphite cast-iron described in any one of Claims 1 to 4 is prepared.
6. crankshaft according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the nodulizing grade of the crankshaft is 1~2 grade, graphite size
It is 5~8 grades.
7. a kind of preparation method of crankshaft as claimed in claim 6, which comprises the following steps:
1) smelting molten iron: the molten iron that control obtains after the completion of smelting includes the component of following mass percent: 0.36%~
0.40% C, 1.9%~2.4% Si, S≤0.020%, P≤0.025%, 0.25%~0.65% Mn, 2.0%~
3.0% Ni, 0.50%~0.85% Cu, 0.002%~0.008% Sb, 0.01%~0.02% Sn, surplus Fe
And inevitable impurity；
2) spheroidising: nodulizer being added into the molten iron that step 1) obtains, and carries out spheroidising；
3) inoculation: an inovulant is added into the molten iron after spheroidising, carries out an inoculation；
4) it casts: post inoculant is added in casting process into molten iron and carries out late inoculation processing；
It is cooling after the completion of casting, crank shaft blank, the crank shaft blank obtained after control late inoculation processing are obtained after molten steel solidification
Nodulizing grade be 1~2 grade, graphite size be 5~8 grades, pearlite fraction >=60%；
5) crank shaft blank that step 4) obtains is subjected to isothermal hardening after slightly machining: by crank shaft blank be heated to 880 DEG C~
1~3 hour is kept the temperature at 920 DEG C, then carries out salt bath isothermal cooling treatment, salt bath isothermal cooling temperature is 260 DEG C~300 DEG C,
Salt bath isothermal cooling time is 1~3 hour, obtains 2~3 grades of upper bainite tissue after controlling isothermal hardening；
After isothermal hardening, then through essence machining after obtain crankshaft finished product.
8. preparation method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in step 2), the nodulizer includes following quality
The component of percentage: Mg:6.5%~7.5%, RE:1.0%~2.0%, Si:43%~48%, surplus are iron and can not keep away
The impurity exempted from；The addition quality of nodulizer be molten iron gross mass 1.0%~1.3%, spheroidization treatment temperature be 1490 DEG C~
1520℃。
9. preparation method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in step 3), an inovulant includes following
The component of mass percent: Si:65%~70%, Ba:0.3%~0.5%, Ca:0.3%~0.5%, surplus is for iron and not
Evitable impurity；The addition quality of inovulant is the 0.5%~0.6% of molten iron gross mass, an inoculation temperature
It is 1490 DEG C~1520 DEG C.
10. preparation method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the molten iron in step 4), after an inoculation
Temperature starts to cast when reaching 1480 DEG C~1500 DEG C；
And post inoculant includes the component of following mass percent: Si:65%~70%, Ba:0.3%~0.5%, Ca:
0.3%~0.5%, Bi:0.4%~0.6%, RE:0.1%~0.3%, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity；It is secondary
The addition quality of inovulant is the 0.1%~0.15% of molten iron gross mass.
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| CN111906259A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-10 | 盐城工学院 | Manufacturing process of automobile wear-resistant crankshaft |
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