CN101565793B - Alloy ductile iron crankshaft and heat treatment process thereof - Google Patents
Alloy ductile iron crankshaft and heat treatment process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101565793B CN101565793B CN2008100153726A CN200810015372A CN101565793B CN 101565793 B CN101565793 B CN 101565793B CN 2008100153726 A CN2008100153726 A CN 2008100153726A CN 200810015372 A CN200810015372 A CN 200810015372A CN 101565793 B CN101565793 B CN 101565793B
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- MHKWSJBPFXBFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron magnesium Chemical group [Mg].[Fe] MHKWSJBPFXBFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005279 austempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- VAKIVKMUBMZANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron phosphide Chemical compound P.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] VAKIVKMUBMZANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an alloy ductile iron crankshaft and a heat treatment process thereof. The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the carbon structural steel or the tool steel is taken as the raw material, carburant and ferrosilicon are added during the smelting process of an electric furnace in sequence, and the alloy ductile iron crankshaft comprises the following components (weight percentage): C accounts for 3.50-4.00, Si accounts for 1.6-2.5, Mn accounts for 0.3-0.9, P is less than 0.040, S is less than 0.03, Cr accounts for 0.03-0.07, Cu accounts for 0.2-0.5, Mg is less than 0.08, Ti is less than 0.02 and the balance is Fe. The austenization processing temperature is 840-920 DEG C, the heat preservation is carried out for 0.5-2.5 h, the three-phase region processing is performed at the temperature of 770-850 DEG C along with furnace cooling, and the time for the three-phase region processing is 1-3 h. The invention improves the nodularizing effect and the inoculation quality of the crankshaft, has low Ti content and effectively inhibits the influence of the heredity of the molten iron to the quality of the casting part; the heat treatment is added in the three-phase region processing; and the tensile strength of the alloy ductile iron crankshaft is equal to or more than 900 MPa, the yield strength is equal to or more than 500 MPa, the elongation rate is larger than or equal to 5 percent, and the alloy ductile iron crankshaft has excellent comprehensive properties and can be manufactured into high-trademark QT900-5 crankshaft.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallurgical and cast iron alloy field, specifically a kind of alloy ductile iron crankshaft and thermal treatment process thereof.
Background technology
We know that bent axle is one of important machine parts, its structure and stressed complexity, and working load is big, requires all very high to inner metallurgical material and castability and formed precision.The tradition ductile iron crankshaft is compared the characteristics with easy cutting, high lubricating effect with the steel axle, and being used for normalizing attitude bent axle best material at present is magnesium iron 900-2, bent axle body tensile strength 〉=900Mpa, and unit elongation 〉=2%, integral hardness is low, below HB300.And the metallographic structure of Austempering ductile iron ADI material is an austempered ductile iron, tensile strength 〉=900Mpa, unit elongation 〉=2%, integral hardness is more than HB300, it is not very good causing ADI bent axle processing difficulties and fillet rolling effect, and cost is than higher, and therefore the technology of producing high trade mark spherulitic iron crankshaft with the method for isothermal quenching is difficult to popularization in China always.Problems such as Chinese patent 03111574.8 has been announced a kind of ultrahigh strength rare metal alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron crankshaft, and it mainly is low for solving existing bent axle tensile strength, and unit elongation is little.The chemical element of product is formed based on Fe, and other a small amount of and trace element comprises: C, Si, Mn, P≤0.04, S≤0.28, Mg, Re, Cu, Ni, Ti.Advantage is: bent axle tensile strength reaches 1000MPa, unit elongation 〉=4%, and tensile strength is higher more than 20% than homemade bent axle, and unit elongation doubles, and has surpassed the level of external like product, and is wear-resistant, long service life.A kind of bent axle nodular Fe-Cu-Sn material of the applicant's patent, the patent No. is 99112243.7, its chemical ingredients is C3.1-3.3%, Si 2.15-2.35%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.04%, Mn 0.25-0.45%, Cu 0.5-0.7%, Sn 0.03-0.05%, all the other are Fe.It adopts tin to replace molybdenum casting spherulitic iron crankshaft, and its cost is low, and graphite pebbles is tending towards rounding behind the adding tin, and number increases, and sphere diameter diminishes, and can promote pearlitic formation by intensive, makes strength of crankshaft improve the stable standard that meets or exceeds.
Along with the continuous supercharging reinforcement of diesel engine and to high-power development, the mechanical property of bent axle body is had higher requirement.Promptly unit elongation also will improve on the high basis of tensile strength.So that the fillet rolling production of bent axle improves fatigue resistance, be used for replacing quenched and tempered steel and non-hardened and non-tempered alloy structure steel bent axles such as 45#, 42CrMoAl, 48MnV, 38MnSiV.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is in order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of tensile strength to reach 900MPa, unit elongation 〉=5%, has the excellent comprehensive performance, can reach good fillet rolling and reinforcing effect, tired moment of flexure is significantly promoted, technical maturity, alloy ductile iron crankshaft with low cost and thermal treatment process thereof.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above employing is: a kind of alloy ductile iron crankshaft, its tensile strength 〉=900MPa, unit elongation 〉=5%, it is characterized in that: be raw material with the structural carbon steel, use electrosmelting, add carburelant earlier and add ferrosilicon again in the electrosmelting process, the moiety of alloy ductile iron crankshaft and content (weight %) are: C 3.50-4.00, Si 1.6-2.5, Mn 0.3-0.9, P＜0.040, S＜0.03, Cr 0.03-0.07, Cu 0.2-0.5, Mg＜0.08, Ti＜0.02, surplus is Fe.
Carburetting of the present invention increases silicon and has played the effect that breeds crystal grain thinning, improves the nodularization effect of bent axle and breeds quality, has reduced impurity, reduces molten iron heredity, has improved casting quality.Particularly the content of Ti is compared with Ti content (about 0.05%) in the traditional technology and has been reduced a lot, has effectively suppressed the influence of molten iron heredity to casting quality.
The thermal treatment process of the above-mentioned alloy ductile iron crankshaft of the present invention, it is characterized in that: the austenitizing treatment temp is 840-920 ℃, is incubated 0.5-2.5 hour, is chilled to 770-850 ℃ with stove and carries out the triple-phase region processing, the time that handle the triple-phase region is 1-3 hour, and the high wind mist of coming out of the stove is cold.
The present invention at first carries out abundant austenitizing and changes in the high-temperature zone, allow tissue fully spread, and uniform distribution carries out the insulation of the triple-phase region of bent axle then at cold zone, allow perlite and ferrite fully change, and helps obtaining better matrix.
The present invention is because alloy ball iron is raw material with the steel scrap, the carburetting of electrosmelting process increases silicon, and Ti content reduces greatly in the composition, and thermal treatment process has increased the triple-phase region and handled insulation, against existing technologies, its mechanical property circle of alloy ductile iron crankshaft of the present invention is between common magnesium iron and ADI material.Bent axle body tensile strength 〉=900Mpa, yield strength 〉=500Mpa, unit elongation 〉=5%, impact value AK 〉=40J/cm2, hardness is 250-300HB, and it has the excellent comprehensive performance, and can reach good fillet rolling and reinforcing effect, tired moment of flexure is significantly promoted, can make high trade mark QT900-5 bent axle.It is alternative steel axle under the advantage of inheriting tradition spherulitic iron crankshaft, technical maturity, and production cost is low, and production efficiency improves greatly.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
The present invention adopts structural carbon steel, it can be 100% steel scrap, the U.S. at 15t should reach electrosmelting, in the electrosmelting process, at first add carburelant, add-on is 3.40%～3.90%, calculate greatly about about 510-585Kg with the electric furnace of 15T, add in three batches, help the absorption of C like this; 75 ferrosilicon that add again about 1.4-2.3% breed, and calculate the 75 ferrosilicon amounts of adding about 21-34.5Kg with the electric furnace of 15T; Pass through nodularization at last, casting.Carry out the secondary current-following inoculation in the casting process, adding the special-purpose nucleating agent of magnesium iron is about 0.02% of alloy ball iron weight, is convenient to further improve the roundness of graphite pebbles, makes simultaneously and organizes refinement more.Here, the special-purpose nucleating agent of magnesium iron is commercial product, and its concrete moiety is a prior art.The alloy ductile iron crankshaft composition that obtains and content (weight %) be: C3.50-4.00, Si 1.6-2.5, Mn 0.3-0.9, P＜0.040, S＜0.03, Cr 0.03-0.07, Cu 0.2-0.5, Mg＜0.08, Ti＜0.02, surplus is Fe.
The bent axle of finishing after the cast molding is heat-treated according to following condition: the austenitizing treatment temp is 840-920 ℃, be incubated 0.5-2.5 hour, be chilled to 770-850 ℃ with stove and carry out the triple-phase region processing, the time that handle the triple-phase region is 1-3 hour, and the high wind mist of coming out of the stove is cold.At first carry out abundant austenitizing and change, allow tissue fully spread uniform distribution in the high-temperature zone, increased the insulation processing of the triple-phase region of bent axle then at cold zone, allow perlite and ferrite fully change, like this, more help obtaining better matrix.Thermal treatment is for better crystal grain thinning, the matrix that more helps improving performance that obtains.The matrix content of pearlite in alloy is more than 90%, the little and rounding of graphite pebbles, and the nodularization rate is at 1～3 grade, and the graphite size is 6～8 grades, and cementite and iron phosphide eutectic total amount are not more than 3.。
The present invention produces that the content of Ti significantly reduces in the bent axle, can largely eliminate of the influence of molten iron heredity to casting quality, carburetting increases silicon in the electrosmelting process, breeding quality is greatly improved, through the thermal treatment process after improving, can make this body tissue of bent axle very refinement and uniform distribution.Bent axle body tensile strength 〉=900Mpa, yield strength 〉=500Mpa, unit elongation 〉=5%, impact value AK 〉=40J/cm2, hardness 250-300HB.
Embodiment 1: adopt 100% structural carbon steel, electrosmelting, at first add carburelant in the electrosmelting process, add-on is 3.4%, calculates greatly about 510Kg with the electric furnace of 15T, divide 3 batches of addings, help the absorption of C like this, add 1.4% 75 ferrosilicon again and breed, calculate greatly about 21Kg with the electric furnace of 15T, at process spheroidizing, casting.Carry out the secondary current-following inoculation in the casting process.The alloy ductile iron crankshaft composition that obtains (weight %) is: C 3.50, and Si 1.60, and Mn 0.31, and P 0.024, and S 0.018, and Cr 0.03, and Cu 0.22, and Mg 0.043, and Ti 0.0093, and surplus is Fe.The bent axle of finishing after the cast molding is heat-treated according to following condition: 840 degree insulations 2.5 hours, be chilled to 770 degree insulations 3 hours with stove, the high wind mist of coming out of the stove is cold.
Embodiment 2: adopt 100% structural carbon steel, electrosmelting, at first add carburelant in the electrosmelting process, add-on is 3.7%, calculates greatly about 555Kg with the electric furnace of 15T, divide 3 batches of addings, help the absorption of C like this, breed, calculate greatly about 27Kg with the electric furnace of 15T at 75 ferrosilicon that add 1.8%, at process spheroidizing, casting.Carry out the secondary current-following inoculation in the casting process.The alloy ductile iron crankshaft composition that obtains (weight %) is: C 3.83, and Si 2.14, and Mn 0.45, and P 0.020, and S 0.0072, and Cr 0.051, and Cu 0.35, and Mg 0.041, and Ti 0.010, and surplus is Fe.The bent axle of finishing after the cast molding is heat-treated according to following condition: 880 degree insulations 1.5 hours, be chilled to 810 degree degree with stove and be incubated 2 hours, the high wind mist of coming out of the stove is cold.
Embodiment 3: adopt 100% structural carbon steel electrosmelting, in the electrosmelting process, at first add carburelant, add-on is about 3.9%, calculate greatly about about 585Kg with the electric furnace of 15T, divide 3 batches of addings, help the absorption of C like this, breed at 75 ferrosilicon that add about 2.3%, electric furnace with 15T calculates greatly about about 34.5Kg, at process spheroidizing, current-following inoculation casting at last.The alloy ductile iron crankshaft composition that obtains (weight %) is: C 3.99, and Si 2.48, and Mn 0.9, and P 0.039, and S 0.012, and Cr 0.068, and Cu 0.48, and Mg 0.074, and Ti 0.017, and surplus is Fe.The bent axle of finishing after the cast molding is heat-treated according to following condition: 920 degree insulations 2.5 hours, be chilled to 850 degree insulations 2.5 hours with stove, the high wind mist of coming out of the stove is cold.Obtain alloy ductile iron crankshaft.
The alloy ductile iron crankshaft specific performance index that the various embodiments described above obtain is as follows:
Alloy ductile iron crankshaft mechanical performance circle of the present invention is between common magnesium iron and ADI material. Because it has excellent combination property, and can reach good fillet rolling and reinforcing effect, and tired moment of flexure is significantly promoted, it is the good material of making bent axle. Because technical maturity is with low cost, will replace in a wider context the steel axle simultaneously. Alloy ductile iron crankshaft is the instead of steel axle under the advantage of inheriting tradition spherulitic iron crankshaft, saves production cost, and enhances productivity. Be suitable for producing the QT900-5 bent axle.
Claims (3)
1. alloy ductile iron crankshaft, its tensile strength 〉=900MPa, unit elongation 〉=5%, it is characterized in that: with the structural carbon steel is raw material, uses electrosmelting, adds carburelant earlier and add ferrosilicon again in the electrosmelting process, the moiety of alloy ductile iron crankshaft and content (weight %) are: C 3.50-4.00, Si 1.6-2.5, Mn 0.3-0.45, P＜0.040, S＜0.03, Cr 0.03-0.07, Cu 0.2-0.5, Mg＜0.08, Ti＜0.02, surplus is Fe.
2. according to the described alloy ductile iron crankshaft of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the moiety of alloy ductile iron crankshaft and content (weight %) are: C 3.83, and Si 2.14, and Mn 0.45, P 0.020, and S 0.0072, and Cr 0.051, and Cu 0.35, Mg 0.041, and Ti 0.010, and surplus is Fe.
3. the thermal treatment process of the described alloy ductile iron crankshaft of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the austenitizing treatment temp is 840-920 ℃, is incubated 0.5-2.5 hour, is chilled to 770-850 ℃ with stove and carries out the triple-phase region processing, the time that handle the triple-phase region is 1-3 hour, and the high wind mist of coming out of the stove is cold.
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| CN2008100153726A CN101565793B (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-04-25 | Alloy ductile iron crankshaft and heat treatment process thereof |
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| CN2008100153726A CN101565793B (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-04-25 | Alloy ductile iron crankshaft and heat treatment process thereof |
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| CN101565793B true CN101565793B (en) | 2011-04-06 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102268590A (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2011-12-07 | 无锡小天鹅精密铸造有限公司 | Smelting ingredient of nodular iron crankshaft |
| CN103071745A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2013-05-01 | 昌利锻造有限公司 | Machining method for automotive rocker arm |
| JP5655115B1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-01-14 | 株式会社リケン | Spheroidal graphite cast iron |
| CN103352113A (en) * | 2013-06-30 | 2013-10-16 | 贵州安大航空锻造有限责任公司 | Heat-treatment method for 48MnV non quenched and tempered steel crankshaft forging |
| CN108998627A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-14 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | A kind of low cost non-modified crankshaft steel 48MnV-C and its production method |
| CN109609835B (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2021-04-30 | 苏州勤美达精密机械有限公司 | High-toughness wear-resistant nodular cast iron and preparation process and application thereof |
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Address after: Tianrun road Wendeng District of Weihai City, Shandong Province, No. 264400 2-13 Patentee after: Tianrun Industrial Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 264400 Shandong province Wendeng Tianrun Road No. 2-13 Patentee before: TIANRUN CRANKSHAFT Co.,Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20110406 |