CN1098405C - 沿流体导管内表面安装涡卷的弹性薄板的方法 - Google Patents

沿流体导管内表面安装涡卷的弹性薄板的方法 Download PDF

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CN1098405C
CN1098405C CN98808569A CN98808569A CN1098405C CN 1098405 C CN1098405 C CN 1098405C CN 98808569 A CN98808569 A CN 98808569A CN 98808569 A CN98808569 A CN 98808569A CN 1098405 C CN1098405 C CN 1098405C
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马丁·唐纳利
威廉默斯·克里斯塔纳斯·玛利亚·洛贝
罗伯特·布鲁斯·斯图尔特
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E21B43/103—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like
    • E21B43/108—Expandable screens or perforated liners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E21B43/086—Screens with preformed openings, e.g. slotted liners
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    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E21B43/103—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like
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    • F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
    • F16L55/162—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe
    • F16L55/163—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a ring, a band or a sleeve being pressed against the inner surface of the pipe
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    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y10T29/4987—Elastic joining of parts
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Abstract

一种被涡卷的弹性薄板(3)通过运载工具(5)压靠流体导管(1)的内表面被安装，平均厚度大于2mm、可恢复的弹性或假弹性应变至少为0.6%的弹性薄板从运载工具上被释放，从而使薄板以足够令其本身沿导管的内表面压靠在适当位置上并在安装后保持在适当位置上的张开力展开。

Description

沿流体导管内表面安装涡卷的弹性薄板的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种沿流体导管内表面安装被涡卷的弹性薄板的方法。
背景技术
美国专利说明书4,501,327和5,040,283公开了围绕运载工具涡卷薄板，接着通过导管将运送涡卷薄板的运载工具移动到弹性薄板所要安装的位置上，在该位置上，涡卷薄板从运载工具中被释放并朝导管的内表面展开。
美国专利说明书5,040,283采用由记忆金属制成的薄板，这种薄板可随温度的增加而展开。这种方法的缺陷在于：记忆金属比较昂贵，而且不容易得到大块的薄板。
美国专利说明书4,501,327公开了将弹簧钢或铝用作弹性材料的方法，这种材料的弹性应变为0.55％或更小(对铝而言，其应变值为0.2％)，而且金属薄板的合适厚度约为3/64英寸(＝1.2mm)。
在这种公开的方法中，当运载工具通过展开的薄板被拉出时，弹性材料就被压靠在导管的壁上。
这种方法的缺陷在于：所使用的薄板材料较薄，而且易于损坏，其弹性仅足以使薄板展开，而不能使薄板沿导管的内壁压靠在合适的位置上，因此还需要最后的压紧步骤。
我们相信：小壁厚的公知铝材或弹簧钢薄板及较小的展开力将使所用材料产生较小的弹性应变量。
本发明的目的在于：消除这些缺陷，并提供一种沿流体导管的内表面安装涡卷弹性薄板的方法，该方法允许使用比较厚而且比较坚固的薄板，这种薄板在安装后，不易损坏，而且不需要通过展开工具沿导管壁压紧薄板的步骤。
发明内容
为实现上述及其它优点，本发明提出一种用于沿流体导管的内表面安装涡卷的弹性薄板的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：涡卷弹性薄板并将被涡卷的薄板固定到运载工具上，从而使运送涡卷薄板的运载工具能够通过导管移动；在导管内将运载工具移动到弹性薄板要被安装的位置上；将弹性薄板从运载工具上释放出来，以允许弹性薄板朝向导管的内表面展开，其特征在于：所述弹性薄板其平均壁厚至少为2mm，其弹性应变或可恢复的假弹性应变为0.6％，以使被涡卷的薄板由足够使薄板本身压靠在导管之内表面的适当位置上并可在安装后保持在适当位置上的展开力展开。在该方法中，由于采用平均壁厚至少为2mm、可恢复的弹性或假弹性应变至少为0.6％的弹性薄板，涡卷的薄板能以足够高的展开力展开，从而在没有压紧装置的协助下允许薄板在安装过程中沿导管的内表面将其本身压靠在适当位置上，并在安装后保持在适当位置上。
本说明书中所采用的术语“弹性应变”，对于有屈服点的材料例如碳钢而言是指材料的屈服应力与杨氏模量之比，而对于无屈服点的材料而言是指弹性极限应力与杨氏模量之比。如果以百分值来表示弹性应变，那么所说的比值要乘以一个系数100。
弹性薄板的平均壁厚最好为至少3mm，而且由弹性模量不大于115.000Mpa、弹性极限应力至少为825Mpa的钛合金制成，以使弹性应变大于0.75％。
平均壁厚为至少4mm，并由Ti-6Al-4V合金制成的弹性薄板材料也是优选的。
上述薄板可以是无射孔的矩形薄板，其可被用于在导管壁已经裂开、损坏或腐蚀的区域上形成密封或补丁。流体导管也可由生产烃类化合物的油井的流入区域构成，薄板以规则的间隔射孔并沿井孔的内表面安装，以用作油井筛管(wellscreen)。
如果薄板被涡卷成非常小的直径，例如如果通过导管内的收缩而使薄板移动，那么用假弹性合金作薄板材料会很有利。合适的假弹性合金为Ti-16V-3Al-6Zr和TiNi。
附图说明
结合附图，参照对本发明优选实施例的具体说明，将更加完全地理解本发明方法的上述及其它特征、目的和优点，其中附图：
图1为弹性薄板被放置于以垂直的地下井孔形式存在的导管内的示意性的正视图；
图2为未涡卷的弹性薄板的侧视图，所示的弹性薄板包括有周边槽，以使薄板能够被用作油井筛管。
具体实施方式
参照图1，图中示出了穿过地下岩层2的垂直井孔1和沿井孔1的井壁4展开的弹性薄板3。
薄板3通过悬挂于测井电缆6上的运载工具5被下放到井孔1内。
运载工具5和测井电缆6在附图中以虚线表示。
在将运载工具5下放到井孔1内之前，薄板3被涡卷在工具5上，并通过点焊或卡箍固定于工具5上。当工具到达薄板3要安装的位置上时，松开点焊和/或卡箍，例如通过使用爆破装置将点焊和/或卡箍剪断。
弹性薄板3其厚度至少为2mm，弹性应变至少为0.6％，这样就可使弹性薄板形成大的展开力，以展开并压靠在井孔1之井壁4的适当位置上，而且在安装后即使岩层2的孔隙压力大于井孔1内的流体压力，薄板也能够保持在其适当位置上。
当沿圆周方向观看时，弹性薄板3的端部形成一个厚度变小的薄片部分7。所选薄板3的圆周长度应略大于井孔1的井壁4的周长，从而当弹性薄板3已经展开并压靠在所述井壁4上时，薄片部分7至少部分重叠。这样，薄片部分7将形成一个防止渗漏的截流阀，并将使展开的薄板3形成一个光滑、几乎无缝的内孔。为改善密封，可在外部薄片7的外侧设置一个多孔的橡胶套管(未示出)。该套管应沿轴线被连接，而不是沿薄片7的周边连接。这是因为橡胶由于展开而必须拉伸，因此必须沿整个未拉伸的薄片7滑动。这样，就使接合部分得以润滑。
在图1所示的部件中，确定薄板3的平均壁厚时未将薄片7考虑在内。根据本发明，薄板3的平均厚度至少为2mm，而薄片7的壁厚可能小于2mm。这样，在本说明书中术语“薄板的平均壁厚”是指除薄片7和薄板3穿孔的位置之外，薄板3其它部分的壁厚。
使薄板3完全弹性展开的最大平均壁厚T可基于如下公式估算出来：
T/d-T/D＜Y/E
其中：d＝薄板被涡卷后的直径；
D＝薄板展开后的直径；
Y＝薄板材料的屈服应力或弹性极限应力；
E＝薄板材料的弹性模量。
通过由低弹性模量或杨氏模量(最好不大于115.000MPa)和高的弹性极限应力(最好至少为825MPa)的组合而产生的薄板材料高的弹性应变，即至少为0.6％的弹性应变，使根据本发明的薄板壁厚要大于传统弹性薄板的厚度。弹性模量小于150.000MPa的钛合金尤其适用于根据本发明的薄板。平均壁厚为4mm的5级钛合金薄板可用于7″(17.5mm)壳体的修补。弹性模量为82MPa而且经热机械处理后能够达到720MPa或更大弹性极限应力、平均厚度为5mm的Ti-22V-4Al薄板可同样用于7″(17.5mm)壳体的修补。
另外，一些具有合适热机械加工性能的亚稳定的(-钛合金，例如Ti-16V-3Al-6Zr在11至13mm的平均壁厚范围内表现出假弹性。TiNi合金允许更大的壁厚。当薄板的平均壁厚为几毫米，以通过收缩(例如通过油气井内的过油管操作)进行安装时，可使用这些假弹性合金以将薄板涡卷为较小的直径。
平均壁厚较大的薄板3不仅可以用于形成坚固的涡卷，而且还可用于增加弹簧力，薄板3可通过弹簧力展开并将其本身压靠在井孔1的井壁4上。
参照图2，图中示出了根据本发明形成油井筛管10的未涡卷薄板，其包括多个细长的周边槽11，这些周边槽被排列成沿轴向和沿穿过筛管10的周边方向基本平行的行，在行与行之间无交错排列。穿孔沿径向成锥形(未示出)，从而当薄板被涡卷时，使最小宽度的穿孔定位于薄板的外表面上。
锥形槽11用于防止进入槽11内的沙粒被卡在槽中。
沿圆周整齐排列(unstaggered)的槽11最好为孔或非圆周槽，因为可在筛管材料上以最小的应力集中完成涡卷和展开，同时保持最大的弹力、强度和硬度。
如图2所示，被涡卷的油井筛管最好在外表面上覆盖有过滤材料。过滤材料最好通过一个排放层例如粗织钢丝与筛管10的表面隔开，以使流过并非恰好与槽11相对的过滤层之流体能够通过排放层流向槽11。
过滤层和排放层可由包围筛管10的过滤和排放材料的涡卷薄板制成。筛管10薄板及过滤层、排放层薄板可设置有端部薄片部分，目的是当筛管10与其周围的过滤层和排放层组件沿井孔或射了孔的衬层展开时，形成一无缝筛管。这样，油井筛管就可被直接压靠在井孔或射了孔的衬层上，而不需要中间的环形部件，从而消除了对砾石充填的需要，进而减少了腐蚀的可能性并使地层稳定。
如果需要，一旦薄板已经展开并被安装在导管或井孔内，那么薄板或筛管的重叠端部就可相对保持在一个固定的位置上。这一点可通过将重叠的端部焊接或连接在一起，或通过在重叠端部上设置锁紧槽或设置允许薄板或筛管展开但可防止其重新涡卷的棘爪而得以实现。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于沿流体导管(2)的内表面(4)安装涡卷的弹性薄板(3、10)的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
-涡卷弹性薄板(3、10)并将被涡卷的薄板固定到运载工具(5)上，从而使运送涡卷薄板的运载工具(5)能够通过导管(2)移动；
-在导管(2)内将运载工具(5)移动到弹性薄板(3、10)要被安装的位置上；
-将弹性薄板(3、10)从运载工具(5)上释放出来，以允许弹性薄板(3、10)朝向导管(2)的内表面(4)展开，其特征在于：
所述弹性薄板(3、10)其平均壁厚至少为2mm，其弹性应变或可恢复的假弹性应变为0.6％，以使被涡卷的薄板(3、10)由足够使薄板(3、10)本身压靠在导管(2)之内表面(4)的适当位置上并可在安装后保持在适当位置上的展开力展开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述弹性薄板(3、10)平均壁厚至少为3mm，并由弹性模量不大于115.000MPa且弹性极限应力至少为825MPa的钛合金制成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述弹性薄板(3、10)材料平均壁厚至少为4mm，而且由Ti-6Al-4V合金制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述流体导管(2)由生产烃类的油井的流入区域形成，而且所述薄板(10)以规则的间隔被射孔并沿井孔(1)的内表面(4)被安装，从而用作油井筛管。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于：所述射孔包括细长的圆周槽(11)，这些圆周槽沿轴向和穿过薄板(10)的圆周方向以平行的行排列，同时在成行的槽之间不存在交错排列。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于：所述射孔沿径向成锥形，以使最小宽度的射孔定位于被涡卷的弹性薄板(10)的外表面上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述弹性薄板(3、10)其厚度为至少5mm，而且由假弹性合金制成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：所述合金为固溶处理过的Ti-16V-3Al-6Zr。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：所述合金为TiNi。
CN98808569A 1997-08-27 1998-08-27 沿流体导管内表面安装涡卷的弹性薄板的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1098405C (zh)

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EP97306555A EP0899420A1 (en) 1997-08-27 1997-08-27 Method for installing a scrolled resilient sheet alongside the inner surface of a fluid conduit

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