CN1098111A - 由两步法制成的共聚物 - Google Patents

由两步法制成的共聚物 Download PDF

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CN1098111A
CN1098111A CN94105751A CN94105751A CN1098111A CN 1098111 A CN1098111 A CN 1098111A CN 94105751 A CN94105751 A CN 94105751A CN 94105751 A CN94105751 A CN 94105751A CN 1098111 A CN1098111 A CN 1098111A
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G·舒马赫
U·迪特里希
A·策特尔
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Abstract

一种可由两步法得到的共聚物,第一步是1~ 99%(重量)的单体混合物A)的聚合,第二步是在由 A)得到的聚合物存在下,接着进行1~99%(重量)的 单体混合物B)的聚合,其中A)和B)的组成详见说 明书,A)和B)的重量百分数以A)和B)的总量为基 准。

Description

本发明涉及一种可由两步法得到的共聚物,第一步,1~99%(重量)的单体混合物A)的聚合,单体混合物A)包括:50~100%(重量)至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸C1~C16烷基酯a)、0~40%(重量)至少一种至多含有20个碳原子的乙烯基芳香族化合物b)、0~30%(重量)至少一种至多含有8个碳原子的脂族二烯烃和0~40%(重量)至少另外一种单体d),其中b)和c)的重量分数总和不超过49%;第二步,在由A)得到的混合物存在下,接着进行1~99%(重量)的单体混合物B)的聚合,单体混合物B)包括:50~100%(重量)至少一种单体b)和至少一种单体c)的混合物、0~40%(重量)至少一种单体a)和0~40%(重量)至少一种单体d),这里单体混合物A)和B)的重量百分数以A)和B)的总量为基准。
本发明还涉及含有经至少两个步骤制得的共聚物的胶粘剂和涂布材料。
当作为胶粘剂(如压合式胶粘剂)和涂布材料使用时,对共聚物的要求是尤其要具有良好的表面粘合力和良好的内在强度(内聚力),从而得到(例如)很强的粘接力。这两个要求很少能够同样充分地满足,因为许多措施,举例来说,达到了良好的内聚力,却对粘合力有不良影响。例如,技术人员都知道内聚力随分子量的增大而增强,但同时粘合力却随之降至一定的程度。
聚丙烯酸酯类和苯乙烯/丁二烯类共聚物均用作胶粘剂的聚合物基剂。为增强粘合力,还通常向胶粘剂中加入增粘剂。
US-A-4,438,232公开了一种以苯乙烯、丁二烯和丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物为基剂的压合式胶粘剂。据称该共聚物具有良好的内聚力和较强的粘合力。然而对于许多应用来说,该共聚物的粘合力和内聚力还须进一步提高。
本发明的目的之一是提供当作为胶粘剂使用时具有良好粘合力和良好内聚力的共聚物。
我们已发现,这一目的可通过篇首定义的至少两步的共聚物以及含有这种共聚物的胶粘剂、涂布材料或粘接料来达到。
篇首定义的共聚物通过至少两个步骤(优选两个步骤)制成,在第一步中,聚合单体混合物A),单体混合物A)优选包括:70~100%(重量)至少一种单体a)、0~10%(重量)至少一种单体b)、0~5%(重量)至少一种单体c)和0~30%(重量)至少一种单体d)。
单体混合物A)特别优选包括:70~100%(重量)至少一种单体a)、0~5%(重量)至少一种单体b)和0~30%(重量)至少一种单体d)。
然后在第一步中得到的聚合物存在下进行第二步的单体混合物B)的聚合。
第二步中的单体混合物B)优选包括:70~100%(重量)至少一种单体b)和至少一种单体c)的混合物、0~10%(重量)至少一种单体a)和0~30%(重量)至少一种单体d)。
单体混合物B)特别优选包括:90~100%(重量)至少一种单体b)和至少一种单体c)的混合物、0~5%(重量)至少一种单体a)和0~5%(重量)至少一种单体d)。
单体混合物B)中单体b)对c)的重量比优选为10∶1至1∶10,更优选为1∶0.5至1∶5,最优选为1∶1.5至1∶5。
以单体混合物A)和B)的总量为基准,A)的重量百分比优选为2~50%,特别优选为2~20%,B)的重量百分比优选为50~98%,特别优选为98~80%。
单体a)优选为(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C8烷基酯。其实例有(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯和(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。特别优选的是丙烯酸C1-C8烷基酯。
单体b)的实例有α-甲基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯和苯乙烯,优选苯乙烯。
单体c)的实例有异戊二烯和丁二烯,优选丁二烯。
另外一种单体d)可以是(例如)(甲基)丙烯腈、(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C16羟烷基酯、含1至20个碳原子的羧酸的乙烯基酯(如醋酸乙烯酯)、优选含4或5个碳原子的不饱和酸酐(如马来酸酐或衣康酸酐)或优选含3至5个碳原子的不饱和羧酸(如(甲基)丙烯酸、衣康酸、马来酸或富马酸)。
特别优选的单体d)为不饱和羧酸。
这种至少两步的共聚物优选通过乳液聚合方法制备。在第一步中,单体混合物A)在乳液中聚合,结果得到相应聚合物的水分散体。
然后在第二步中,可将单体混合物B)的单体加入该水分散体中并如同A)那样进行聚合。
在各个步骤的聚合反应中,单体混合物A)和B)可以首先加入或一次性全部加入,可是如果需要有部分单体首先加入时,各个步骤中单体的补加也可通过加料法进行。
仅当单体混合物A)的聚合反应中残余的单体含量优选少于单体混合物A)的重量的10%、更优选少于5%、最优选小于1%时,单体混合物B)才开始进行聚合。
各个步骤的乳液聚合反应可按常规方法,在水溶性引发剂和乳化剂存在下,优选在30至95℃下进行。
采用的乳化剂的实例有较长链脂肪酸的碱金属盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基化的芳基硫酸盐和烷基化的二苯醚磺酸盐。其它适用的乳化剂为氧化烯烃(特别是环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷)与脂肪醇、脂肪酸或苯酚或烷基苯酚类化合物反应的产物。
最后得到的新共聚物的水分散体优选具有20~70%(重量)的固体含量。
由该乳液聚合反应得到的新共聚物或共聚物的水分散体适用于需要聚合物对基材表面具有良好粘合力以及聚合物的良好内聚力(内部强度)的各种用途。
这种新共聚物还具有很好的渗透性质,因而也适于用作胶纸(特别是标签)的压合式胶粘剂。人们知道,较差的渗透性质意味着胶粘剂会从涂面渗入未涂面。
另外,在工业包装工厂中,涂有这种新共聚物的包装胶带(特别是塑料包装胶带)在由卷筒上退绕时可减少退绕噪声,否则会导致很大的噪声污染。
举例来说,这类用途为用作胶粘剂,如用作压合式胶粘剂或各种类型的涂布材料。后者的实例有表层涂料、皮革涂料、织物涂料、地毯和纸胶板的背面涂料。
该共聚物也适用于非织造材料(如针刺非织造材料)的涂料或胶粘剂以及用于建筑化学领域。
用含有新共聚物的胶粘剂压制的非织造材料(特别是针刺非织造材料)具有极好的耐磨性和耐服用性。这在(例如)含有针刺非织造材料的地板蒙皮的下列性质的测试中将会一目了然:轮椅(wheel    chair)试验(德国工业标准54324)和Lisson踩踏轮(treadwheel)试验(德国工业标准54322)。
这种胶粘剂适合用于基于(例如)下列聚合物的非织造材料:聚丙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、天然纤维及其任意的混合纤维。当使用这些胶粘剂时,可加入常规添加剂,例如增粘剂和/或填料。
待粘合或涂布的基材的实例可以是纸、木材、织物、金属、塑料、混凝土等。
实施例
乳液聚合物A(比较用)
单体(参看表1)在以过硫酸钠为引发剂、脂族磺酸钠为乳化剂的乳液中,于77℃下,按规定的加料法进行聚合(单体在6小时内加入,随后聚合6小时)。
乳液聚合物B-D(两步法)
步骤1的单体在上述引发剂和乳化剂存在下于容器中聚合15分钟。
之后,步骤2的单体在第一步所得聚合物存在下进行聚合(如A中所述)。
各单体的重量份数如表1所示。
表1
乳液聚合物的组成
Figure 941057518_IMG1
使用性能的测试
为测试其使用性能,用刮刀涂布机将得到的乳液以20g/m2的单位面积重量涂布于标签纸(80g/m2,购自Hering公司)上,并将涂膜置于通道旋转式(through-circulation)干燥器中在90℃下干燥3分钟,然后将涂膜剪成2cm宽的试验片条。
为测定剪切强度,将粘合剂片条粘到镀铬的V2A不锈钢试片上,粘合面积为1×0.5英寸,然后用重1kg的压辊辗压一次,放置20分钟后,悬挂加载1kg。剪切强度的测定即重物下落所需的时间,每种情况下,计算5次测量的平均值(对应于测试方法PSTC    7)。
剪切强度在25℃下测定。
为测定快粘值。用张力试验机的夹片夹紧长17.5cm、宽2cm的试片的两端,形成一个环,然后使所述环以30cm/分的速度与镀铬的钢片表面接触(向镀铬钢片的方向降落该环)。完全接触后,立即将环拉离钢片,测定用N/2cm表示的最大力,作为快粘值(环值,粘性)(对应于测试方法PSTC    5)。
结果如表2所示。
表2
试验结果
Figure 941057518_IMG2
下面示出US-A-4,438,232中一步法苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸正丁酯乳液聚合物的试验结果以作比较。
Figure 941057518_IMG3
*所列值由US-A-4,438,232中的数据转换而来
也测定了纸板上的快粘值和撕裂强度。撕裂强度试验按上述剪切强度的试验方法进行,将胶粘剂片条粘到纸板上,然后以180°角从试验平面上剥离。
Figure 941057518_IMG4
*)具有第二步中C的组成的乳液聚合物
**)两种乳液聚合物的混合物,其组成分别为第一步和第二步中C的组成,比例如C中所示
另外,通过测定纸板上的快粘值重复表2的试验。
为了进行比较,制得乳液聚合物E3,其中丙烯酸正丁酯含量有变化,其它组分不变。
Figure 941057518_IMG5
用作纸张涂布组合物的使用实例
印刷机的一个问题(特别是在胶印中)是斑点。由于斑点而造成印刷质量下降。这是由于纸对油墨的不同吸收的缘故。纸质和斑点的关系目前尚不明了。但是,似乎涂布的纸张的涂层特别重要。已发现,涂布了含有新分散体或新共聚物作胶粘剂的纸张涂层组合物的纸张具有极好的适印性(斑点少)。
实施例1
以苯乙烯/丁二烯为基础的新聚合物分散体的制备(首先加入丙烯酸丁酯)
首先加入的混合物:
21.9kg软水
0.50kg十二烷基硫酸钠,10%水溶液
4.35kg丙烯酸正丁酯
0.5kg苯乙烯
0.15kg丙烯酸
1.05kg物料2
物料1
26.75kg软水
17.5kg丁二烯
31.0kg苯乙烯
1.5kg丙烯酸
0.5kg叔十二烷基硫醇
2.50kg十二烷基硫酸钠,15%水溶液
物料2
0.4kg过硫酸钠
4.85kg软水
将首先加入的混合物加热至80℃并预聚15分钟。然后,将剩余的物料1在5小时内加入,并在开始加入物料1的同时,在5.5小时内加入物料2。然后在85℃下,在2小时内完成聚合反应。得到粒径(Malvern自动粒度计)为176nm、固体含量为50%的分散体。玻璃化转变温度为22℃。
实施例2
以丁二烯为基础的聚合物分散体的制备(不首先加入丙烯酸丁酯,不按照本发明)
首先加入的混合物:
19.4kg软水
0.25kg十二烷基硫酸钠,10%水溶液
3.88kg物料1
1.05kg物料2
物料1
24.25kg软水
17.5kg丁二烯
31.0kg苯乙烯
1.5kg丙烯酸
0.5kg叔十二烷基硫醇
2.75kg十二烷基硫酸钠,15%水溶液
物料2
0.4kg过硫酸钠
4.85kg软水
将首先加入的混合物加热至85℃并预聚15分钟。然后,在5小时内加入剩余的物料1,并在开始加入物料1的同时,在5.5小时内加入物料2。然后在85℃下,在2小时内完成聚合反应。得到粒径(Malvern自动粒度计)为170mm、固体含量为50%的分散体。玻璃化转变温度为17℃。
实施例3
以苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸丁酯三元共聚物为基础的聚合物分散体的制备(不按照本发明)
首先加入的混合物:
19.4kg软水
0.25kg十二烷基硫酸钠,10%水溶液
3.88kg物料1
1.05kg物料2
物料1
24.25kg软水
13.5kg丁二烯
5.0kg丙烯酸正丁酯
30.0kg苯乙烯
1.5kg丙烯酸
0.5kg叔十二烷基硫醇
2.75kg十二烷基硫酸钠,15%水溶液
物料2
0.4kg过硫酸钠
4.75kg软水
将首先加入的混合物加热至85℃并预聚15分钟。然后,在5小时内加入剩余的物料1,并在开始加入物料1的同时,在5.5小时内加入物料2。然后在85℃下,在2小时内完成聚合反应。得到粒径(Malvern自动粒度计)为170nm、固体含量为50%的分散体。玻璃化转变温度为21℃。
各实施例中制得的分散体用作纸张涂布组合物的胶粘剂,该组合物组成如下:
60份细分散石灰石
40份细分散粘土
1份聚丙烯酸钠盐(分子量4000)(BASF公司的Polysalz)
12份胶粘剂分散体(实施例1~3)
固体含量:66%(重量)
pH:8.5~9(用NaOH调整)
所用的原纸为基重90g/m2的无木质的涂布原纸。用实验涂布机以1000m/分的速度将涂布组合物涂布于纸的两面,每面涂布量为13g/m2(涂布法:压辊,计量法:刮刀)。采用红外干燥装置及通过空气干燥,使纸幅的含水量达到5.5%。
使纸幅经过高度砑光机砑光一次。轧点压力为250kN/m,纸幅速度为300m/分,温度为80℃。
为了评估适印性,可借助Tobias试验机测定斑点检出值(mottle    scan    values)(测定方法参见:Philipp    E.Tobias等,Tappie    Journal,Vol.72,No.5,1989年5月)。斑点检出值在着色面上测定,该着色面是在四色胶印机上通过单张纸胶印法以油墨遮盖力为青色最大油墨遮盖力的50%的油墨印刷的。斑点检出值越高,表明适印性越差。

Claims (13)

1、一种可由两步法得到的共聚物,第一步,1~99%(重量)的单体混合物A)的聚合,单体混合物A)包括:50~100%(重量)至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸C1~C16烷基酯a)、0~40%(重量)至少一种至多含有20个碳原子的乙烯基芳香族化合物b)、0~30%(重量)至少一种至多含有8个碳原子的脂族二烯烃和0~40%(重量)至少另外一种单体d),其中b)和c)的重量分数总和不超过49%;第二步,在由A)得到的聚合物存在下,接着进行1~99%(重量)的单体混合物B)的聚合,单体混合物B)包括:50~100%(重量)至少一种单体b)和至少一种单体c)的混合物、0~40%(重量)至少一种单体a)和0~40%(重量)至少一种单体d),这里单体混合物A)和B)的重量百分数以A)和B)的总量为基准。
2、权利要求1所述的共聚物,其中单体混合物A)包括:70~100%(重量)至少一种单体a)、0~10%(重量)至少一种单体b)、0~5%(重量)至少一种单体c)和0~30(重量)至少一种单体d),单体混合物B)包括:70~100%(重量)至少一种单体b)和至少一种单体c)的混合物、0~10%(重量)至少一种单体a)和0~30%(重量)至少一种单体d)。
3、权利要求1或2所述的共聚物,其中单体混合物B)中单体b)对单体c)的重量比为10:1至1:10。
4、权利要求1至3中任一项所述的共聚物,该共聚物可由单体混合物A)和B)的乳液聚合得到。
5、含有权利要求1至4中任一项所述的共聚物的胶粘剂。
6、含有权利要求1至4中任一项所述的共聚物的压合式胶粘剂。
7、含有权利要求1至4中任一项所述的共聚物的涂布材料。
8、涂有权利要求7所述的涂布材料的基材。
9、用权利要求5所述的胶粘剂粘接的层压基材。
10、用于非织造材料的胶粘剂,该胶粘剂含有权利要求1至4中任一项所述的共聚物。
11、用于纸张涂布组合物的胶粘剂,该胶粘剂含有权利要求1至4中任一项所述的共聚物。
12、用权利要求10所述的胶粘剂粘合的非织造材料。
13、涂有权利要求11所述的纸张涂布组合物的纸张。
CN94105751A 1993-05-12 1994-05-12 由两步法制成的共聚物 Pending CN1098111A (zh)

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