CN109804031A - 具有定向泡沫体膨胀的桥带和用于密封汽车车身的塑料部件或金属板中的孔的方法 - Google Patents
具有定向泡沫体膨胀的桥带和用于密封汽车车身的塑料部件或金属板中的孔的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109804031A CN109804031A CN201780051261.8A CN201780051261A CN109804031A CN 109804031 A CN109804031 A CN 109804031A CN 201780051261 A CN201780051261 A CN 201780051261A CN 109804031 A CN109804031 A CN 109804031A
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Classifications
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Abstract
具有定向泡沫体膨胀的桥带包括可热发泡成分,所述桥带可用于将涂料通过带中的孔施加至带之下的基底,此后可通过加热以使可发泡成分发泡并使泡沫体密闭孔来密封孔。所述桥带包括由两个背衬材料包裹的可发泡成分,其中在一个背衬的外侧上具有胶粘剂涂层,由此两个背衬相互固定。
Description
本发明涉及桥带以及所述桥带用于永久性密封开口如孔(特别地在汽车车身的塑料部件或金属板(钣金件)中,在这样的金属片或塑料部件的所谓电泳涂覆(电镀,e-coating)之前或之后)的用途。
背景技术
在现有技术中,汽车车辆的OEM(原始设备制造商)需要密封车辆中的开口如孔和接缝来防止各种环境成分(如水、污垢等)进入开口,以帮助避免腐蚀和噪音。对于大多数应用,使用腻子、可泵送材料、塞子、丁基合成橡胶(Butyl)或其它类型的密封贴片。然而,这些材料的大多数必须在电泳涂覆之后施加以允许根据需要在密封空腔之前涂覆内腔。
当例如汽车车身穿过油漆干燥炉时,作为汽车车身的最终饰面的一部分,一些用于此目的的材料将收缩,且这样的收缩可产生进入先前密封的开口的泄漏。
此外,一些需要密封的开口位于在车辆被焊接在一起之后无法触及的区域中。
本发明的目的是通过如下克服前述困难:提供可在电泳涂覆之前或之后施加至这样的开口的密封带,其即使在将密封带施加在开口上之后也允许电泳涂覆开口内的空腔,并随后为这样的开口提供有效的密封。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供如下的桥带,其可被模切形成合适尺寸的贴片以覆盖这样的开口,并且如果在金属板或塑料部件的电泳涂覆之前施加,则其允许电泳涂覆流体穿过贴片并进入空腔中,以及过量的电泳涂覆流体可通过其从所述空腔排出。
本发明的桥带由两个背衬/载体以及在其间的可发泡成分(组合物)的层构成,所述背衬/载体由相同或不同的材料(布、羊毛、膜......)制成。一个或两个背衬/载体可任选地具有胶粘剂涂层或双面胶带,即面向内侧的“转移带”,以固定可发泡成分。另外,一个背衬/载体具有胶粘剂涂层或双面胶带,即在外侧上的“转移带”。出于保护和处理的目的,外涂层可被剥离衬垫覆盖。如果要将所述带在电泳涂覆之前施加,则使该带穿孔有多个孔,以允许电子涂覆流体穿过这些孔。两个背衬/载体通过薄(细)丝、线或销相互固定,使得可发泡成分在膨胀期间在xy方向上(即平行于背衬/载体层)朝着孔定向以封闭这些孔。固定防止层压体在z方向上(即垂直于层)膨胀。优选地,具有外部胶粘剂涂层或转移带的背衬/载体的尺寸略小于层压体的其余部分(即泡沫体和第二背衬),因此可发泡组分可沿着桥带边缘附接基底(金属或塑料部件)。
当将桥带贴片施加在金属板或塑料部件中的开口之上时,电泳涂覆流体可穿过贴片中的孔并进入开口之下的空腔中。
当由此处理的金属板或塑料部件经受热处理(例如在电泳涂层或油漆的炉干燥期间发生)时,可发泡成分发泡并且在xy方向上膨胀以封闭贴片中的所有孔(如果存在的话),以及在带/贴片的所有边缘处和之上膨胀以密封边缘并使模切贴片粘合至金属板基底或塑料部件的主体。
以类似的方式,可将带贴片施加至金属板或塑料基底中的空隙,然后进行热处理以使泡沫体膨胀并密封空隙。
具体实施方式
附图说明
在下图中说明本发明的具有定向泡沫体膨胀的桥带的若干实施方式的构造,其中:
图1示出具有如下层的本发明的桥带的一部分的侧视图:
层1是在胶粘剂涂覆的背衬上的剥离衬垫(外侧),
层2是胶粘剂涂层或双面带(外侧),
层3是背衬/载体,
层4任选地为胶粘剂涂层或双面带(内侧),
层5是可发泡成分的层,
层6任选地为胶粘剂涂层或双面带(内侧),
层7是背衬/载体,
层8是用于将两个背衬/载体彼此固定的丝、线或销。
图2示出本发明的桥带的替代实施方式,其中可发泡成分可与基底形成接触,因为层1(为应用而移除)、2、3和4的尺寸小于其余层5、6和7的尺寸。
图3示出图2的桥带贴片在将孔(9)冲入其中之后的顶视图。虚线(8)表示用于将两个背衬/载体彼此固定的丝、线或销。
图4说明在经受热处理以使两个背衬/载体之间的可发泡成分发泡并使泡沫体在xy方向上膨胀以密封孔之后的图3的桥带贴片,密封的孔以轮廓线(10)示出。由于两个背衬/载体通过丝、线或销固定,因此在z方向上的膨胀仅是轻微的。
如图1中所示,桥带由粘附至背衬材料(如具有胶粘剂涂层或转移带层的布衬垫)的可发泡成分的层和在胶粘剂涂层或转移带之上的剥离衬垫形成。
作为背衬材料,可使用所有已知的织物载体如织造物、针织物或非织造物幅材;术语“幅材”至少涵盖符合EN 29092(1988)的织物片状结构体以及缝编的非织造物和类似体系。两个背衬不一定需要由相同的材料组成。
考虑的非织造物特别地包括固结的短纤维幅材,还包括丝幅材、熔喷幅材和纺粘幅材,其通常需要额外的固结。已知用于幅材的可能的固结方法包括机械、热和化学固结。然而,在机械固结的情况下,通常通过单根纤维的缠结、通过纤维束的互相成环或通过缝合额外的线而纯机械地将纤维保持在一起,可通过热和通过化学技术而获得胶粘性(使用粘合剂)或内聚性(无粘合剂的)纤维-纤维结合。给定合适的配制物和合适的工艺方案,这些结合可仅限于或至少主要限于纤维节点,使得在幅材中保持相对松散的开放结构的同时形成稳定的三维网络。
已经证实为特别有利的幅材是特别地通过用单独的线包缝或通过互相成环而固结的那些。
这种固结的幅材例如在来自Karl Meyer公司(以前的Malimo公司)的“Malifleece”型缝编机上生产,并且可从包括Naue Fasertechnik和Techtex GmbH在内的公司获得。Malifleece的特征在于通过由幅材纤维形成环来固结交叉铺设的幅材。
使用的载体也可为Kunit或Multilknit类型的幅材。Kunit幅材的特征在于它源自使纵向取向的纤维幅材形成片状结构体的加工,所述片状结构体在一侧上具有环的头部和腿部并且在另一侧上具有环馈源(feed)或绒头纤维褶皱,但既不具有线,也不具有预制的片状结构体。也已经在相当长的时间内在来自Karl Mayer公司的“Kunitvlies”型缝编机上生产这种幅材。该幅材的另一特性特征在于,作为纵向纤维幅材,它能够在纵向上吸收高的拉伸力。Multiknit幅材相对于Kunit幅材的特性特征在于,借助于双面针刺,幅材在顶侧和底侧两者上固结。
最后,作为中间体的缝编幅材也适合于形成本发明的衬垫和本发明的载体。缝编幅材由非织造材料形成,所述非织造材料具有彼此平行延伸的大量缝线。这些缝线是通过结合、通过缝合或针织连续织物线而实现的。对于这种类型的幅材,已知来自Karl Meyer公司(以前的Malimo公司)的“Maliwatt”型缝编机。
也特别合适的是针刺幅材。利用这些幅材,借助于设有倒钩的针将纤维或纤维幅材针刺成簇。通过针的交替引入和取出,将材料固结在针杆上,其中单独的纤维互相成环以形成牢固的片状结构体。该程序的持续时间决定了纤维结构体的厚度和强度,所述纤维结构体通常是轻重量的、可透气的和弹性的。
对于根据本发明的非织造物的使用,机械预固结或湿法铺设的幅材的胶粘剂固结是特别令人感兴趣的,可设定固结以通过添加固体、液体、发泡或糊状形式的粘合剂来进行。理论实施方式的极大多样性是可能的:例如,作为用于滴入的粉末;作为片或作为网;或粘合纤维形式的固体粘合剂。液体粘合剂可作为水或有机溶剂中的溶液或者作为分散体施用。对于胶粘剂固结,主要选择粘合分散体:酚醛树脂或三聚氰胺树脂分散体形式的热固性材料,作为天然或合成橡胶的分散体或通常地热塑性材料(如丙烯酸酯、乙酸乙烯酯、聚氨酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯体系、PVC等、以及其共聚物)的分散体的弹性体。通常,分散体是阴离子或非离子稳定的,但在某些情况下,阳离子分散体也可为有利的。
粘合剂可以如下的方式施加:其为根据现有技术的并且对于其可参考例如涂覆或非织造技术的标准著作,如“Vliesstoffe”(Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart,1982)或"Textiltechnik-Vliesstofferzeugung"(Arbeitgeberkreis Gesamttextil,Eschborn,1996)。
对于已经具有足够的复合强度的机械预固结的幅材,粘合剂的单面喷射施用适合用于产生表面性质上的特定变化。
这样的程序不仅节省其粘合剂的使用,而且还大大降低干燥所需的能量。由于不需要挤压辊并且分散体主要保留在幅材的上部区域中,因此可在很大程度上避免幅材的不希望的硬化和变硬。
为了幅材背衬的足够的胶粘剂固化,通常需要添加1%至50%、优选地3%至20%数量级的粘合剂,基于纤维幅材的重量。
粘合剂可早在幅材的制造期间、在机械预固结的过程中、或者在单独的工艺步骤中添加,其可在线或离线进行。在添加粘合剂之后,必需暂时产生如下的针对粘合剂的条件:其中粘合剂变得胶粘性并且胶粘性地连接纤维,这可在例如分散体的干燥期间或者借助于加热实现,另外可能的是通过区域(areal)或部分地施加压力而存在的变体。粘合剂可在已知的烘道中被活化,或者在给定粘合剂的合适选择的情况下借助于红外辐射、UV辐射、超声、高频辐射等被活化。对于随后的最终用途,如下是合理的但不是绝对必要的:粘合剂在幅材生产过程结束后丧失其粘性。有利的是,作为热处理的结果,除去挥发性组分如纤维助剂,得到具有有利的雾化值的幅材,使得当使用低雾化的胶粘剂时,可生产具有特别有利的雾化值的胶带;因此,衬垫也具有非常低的雾化值。
雾化(参见DIN 75201 A)是指其中在不利条件下低分子量化合物可从胶带脱气并在冷的部分上冷凝的效果。作为其结果,例如可不利地影响通过挡风玻璃的视野。
胶粘剂固结的另一特殊形式包括通过部分溶解或部分溶胀来活化粘合剂。在这种情况下,原则上也可使纤维本身或混合的特种纤维承担粘合剂的功能。然而,由于这样的溶剂在环境方面是令人讨厌的和/或在其处理方面是成问题的,因此对于大多数聚合物纤维而言,不常使用这种方法。
设想用于织物载体的起始材料特别地为聚酯、聚丙烯、粘胶或棉纤维。然而,本发明不限于所述材料;相反,如对于不具有创造性的本领域技术人员显而易见的,可使用多种其它纤维来生产幅材。
也合适的是层压体、膜(例如PP、PE、PET、PA、PU)、泡沫体或发泡膜。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方式,背衬材料的基重位于30g/m2和180g/m2之间。
优选的背衬材料包括织造棉织物,其典型地具有在140-160范围内、优选地148的网目数(表示74的经纱线数和74的纬纱线数)。
进一步优选地,纬纱数为70-80和/或经纱数为70-80。
本发明的胶粘剂是压敏胶粘剂,即这样的胶粘剂,其即使在施加的压力相对弱时也可与几乎所有粘附基底产生持久粘合,并且在使用之后基本上又可从粘附基底无残留地剥离。压敏胶粘剂在室温下具有永久的压敏胶粘效果,即,因为其粘度足够低并且其粘性高,故而即使在施加的压力低时,它也润湿相应的粘附基底的表面。胶粘剂的胶粘粘合能力得自其胶粘性性质,并且可剥离性得自其内聚性性质。
优选的是,压敏胶粘剂层基于天然橡胶、合成橡胶或聚氨酯,并且压敏胶粘剂层在此优选地仅由如下组成或主要由如下组成:丙烯酸酯(热熔性或UV),特别地为粘弹性的,或者共混物和共聚物。
压敏胶粘剂可与增粘剂共混以改善胶粘性性质。
合适的增粘剂(也称为增粘剂树脂)原则上是任何已知类型的物质。增粘剂的实例是烃树脂(例如基于不饱和C5-单体或C9-单体的聚合物)、萜烯-酚醛树脂、基于原料如α-蒎烯或β-蒎烯的聚萜烯树脂、芳族树脂如香豆酮-茚树脂或基于苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的树脂,例如松香及其下游产品,例如歧化的、二聚的或酯化的松香,例如与二醇、甘油或季戊四醇的反应产物,仅举几例。优选不具有可容易氧化的双键的树脂,例如萜烯-酚醛树脂,芳族树脂,和特别优选地经由氢化制备的树脂如氢化的芳族树脂、氢化的聚环戊二烯树脂、氢化的松香衍生物或氢化的聚萜烯树脂。优选基于萜烯-酚醛和基于松香酯的树脂。同样,优选具有高于80℃的根据ASTM E28-99(2009)的软化点的增粘剂树脂。特别优选具有高于90℃的根据ASTM E28-99(2009)的软化点的基于萜烯-酚醛和基于松香酯的树脂。基于胶粘剂的聚合物,典型用量为10至100重量份。
为了实现电缆相容性的进一步改善,可将胶粘剂配制物任选地与光稳定剂或主抗氧化剂和/或辅抗氧化剂共混。
可使用的抗氧化剂是UV吸收剂、空间位阻胺、硫代增效剂、亚磷酸盐(酯)或基于空间位阻酚的产品。
为了改善加工性质,还可将胶粘剂配制物与常规加工助剂如消泡剂、脱气剂、润湿剂或流动控制剂共混。合适的浓度在0.1直至5重量份的范围内,基于固体。
填料(增强或非增强的)如二氧化硅(球形、针状、层状或不规则的,例如气相二氧化硅)、实心或空心珠形式的玻璃、由特别地酚醛树脂制成的不可膨胀的有机微球、白垩、碳酸钙、氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化铝或氧化铝氢氧化物、炭黑、纤维、碳纳米管(CNT)可用于改善可加工性或粘附性质。合适的浓度在0.1至70重量份、特别地直至40重量份、特别优选地1至20重量份的范围内,基于固体。
可使用的纤维是由合成聚合物制成的(化学衍生的)纤维(连续丝或短纤维,也称为合成纤维,由聚酯、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、芳族聚酰胺、聚烯烃、聚丙烯腈或玻璃制成),由天然聚合物例如纤维素纤维(粘胶纤维、莫代尔纤维、莱赛尔纤维、铜氨纤维、乙酸纤维素、三乙酸纤维素、Cellulon)或例如橡胶纤维制成的(化学衍生的)纤维,或例如植物蛋白质纤维和/或例如动物蛋白质纤维和/或由棉、剑麻、胡麻(flax)、蚕丝、大麻、亚麻(linen)、椰子或羊毛制成的天然纤维。由所述纤维制造的纱同样也是合适的。短纤维是有限长度的单独的纤维。丝(连续纤维)是短纤维的相对物。
优选其壳不基于聚合物的稳定的耐压空心微球。
特别地,还特别优选填充和树脂添加的组合。如可从实施例中的数据系列看出的,添加树脂和填料可允许剥离测试中的高的最大力,同时允许关于良好保持力的高剪切阻力以及在静态载荷下的小的剪切值。
此外,在增加聚丙烯酸酯的浓度之前或之后,可添加以下或通过配混而引入它们:低可燃性填料如多磷酸铵,以及导电填料如导电炭黑、碳纤维和/或镀银珠,以及铁磁性添加剂如铁(III)氧化物、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂、抗臭氧剂。
特别优选可膨胀的微球,因为这些允许胶粘剂发泡。
微球涉及具有热塑性聚合物壳的回弹性空心球。所述球具有低沸点液体或液化气体的填充。所用的壳材料特别地为聚丙烯腈、PVDC、PVC或聚丙烯酸酯。特别适合作为低沸点液体的是低级烷烃(如异丁烷或异戊烷)的烃,其在压力下以液化气体的形式被包封在聚合物壳内。微球的暴露(特别地暴露于热)首先软化外部聚合物壳。同时,壳中存在的液体发泡气体转化为其气态。在此过程期间,微球不可逆地和三维地膨胀。当内压和外压相等时,膨胀结束。聚合物壳被保留,因此结果在此为闭孔泡沫体。
多种多样类型的微球是可商购的,例如来自Akzo Nobel的Expancel DU产品(干燥未膨胀的),其基本上在其尺寸方面(在未膨胀状态下6-45μm直径)和在它们开始膨胀时的温度方面(75-220℃)不同。如果已经针对材料的配混所需的温度分布(曲线)和机器参数适当地调节了微球的类型和相应地发泡温度,则材料的配混和发泡也可在单个步骤中同时进行。
此外,未膨胀类型的微球还可以具有约40重量%-45重量%的固体或微球含量的水分散体的形式获得,并且此外还可以聚合物结合的微球(母料)(例如在乙基-乙酸乙烯酯中,以约65重量%微球浓度)的形式获得。微球分散体和母料与DU产品一样适合用于根据本发明的方法的胶粘剂的发泡。
用于胶粘剂的发泡的其它可能变体可为采用裂解产生气体的物质的化学发泡、或者从文献已知的经由气体如空气或氮气的机械引入的物理发泡。
如果随后破坏为形成泡沫体而引入的空心体(特别地微球),则仍然可获得高质量的非复合泡沫体。
可热活化的胶粘剂片可用于背衬层上的胶粘剂层。这样的可热活化的胶粘剂片优选地具有以下组成:i)聚合物,以至少30重量%的分数,可热活化的胶粘剂片的第一部分特别优选地基于反应性聚氨酯、聚酰胺、腈橡胶与反应性酚醛树脂或反应性环氧树脂,和/或第二部分基于热塑性的非反应性聚酰胺或环氧化物,ii)一种或多种增粘树脂,以5重量%至50重量%的分数,和/或iii)具有硬化剂和促进剂(如果需要的话)的环氧树脂,以5重量%至40重量%的分数。
胶粘剂片优选地具有10-500μm的厚度。
通过改变原料的类型和比例,可广泛地改变用于胶粘剂片的组合物。借助于选择性地添加染料、矿物和/或有机填料如二氧化硅和/或碳粉末和/或金属粉末,还可获得其它产品性质如颜色、导热性或导电性。
可发泡层优选地由可发泡聚氨酯成分或EVA(乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯)与发泡剂形成,其具有约1.5至约4mm的在膨胀之前的层厚并且包括发泡剂。特别优选的可膨胀泡沫体是由乙烯共聚物形成的并可以产品名NB169P041得自ND Industries,Inc.的泡沫体。
将这些材料层压在一起以形成本发明的桥带。一旦形成,将桥带模切成特定用途所需的尺寸,并且如必要,穿过它冲孔。
其间具有可发泡成分的两个背衬的固定可用丝、线或销完成。该材料需要承受施用期间的炉温度和膨胀泡沫体的压力。优选的材料是棉、PET、PA或金属。两个背衬可通过例如用线缝合而固定。
图2示出本发明的桥带的替代实施方式,其中可发泡成分可与基底形成接触,因为层1(为应用而移除)、2、3和4的尺寸小于其余层5、6和7的尺寸。因此,膨胀的泡沫体立即与基底接触并形成牢固的粘合,其防止汽车寿命期间的任何泄漏。
Claims (10)
1.具有定向泡沫体膨胀的桥带,包括由两个背衬材料包裹的可发泡成分,其中在一个背衬的外侧上具有胶粘剂涂层,由此两个背衬相互固定。
2.权利要求1的桥带,其中两个背衬通过用以下的线缝合而相互固定:选自聚酯、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、芳族聚酰胺、聚烯烃、聚丙烯腈和玻璃的合成聚合物的连续丝,或者选自纤维素丝和橡胶丝的基于天然聚合物的人造丝或者由棉、剑麻、胡麻、蚕丝、大麻、亚麻、椰子或羊毛制成的天然丝。
3.权利要求1的桥带,其为模切贴片的形式。
4.权利要求3的桥带,其中在外侧上具有胶粘剂涂层的所述一个背衬具有比其余层小的尺寸。
5.权利要求3的桥带贴片,其具有多个穿过所述模切贴片的孔。
6.权利要求1的桥带,其中背衬材料为在与包裹可发泡成分的侧相反的侧上具有胶粘剂的布带。
7.权利要求6的桥带,其在布背衬的至少一个与可发泡成分之间具有胶粘剂涂层或双面胶带。
8.权利要求6的桥带,其在两个布背衬与可发泡成分之间具有胶粘剂涂层或双面胶带。
9.权利要求6的桥带,其具有覆盖与包裹可发泡成分的侧相反的侧上的胶粘剂的剥离衬垫。
10.用于将液体涂覆材料施加至基底中的开口内的空腔并且然后密封开口的方法,其包括用权利要求3的桥带贴片覆盖开口,将所述液体涂覆材料施加至贴片以及穿过贴片中的孔并进入空腔中,然后加热贴片以使可发泡成分发泡并使泡沫体膨胀,从而密封穿过贴片的孔。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110172260A (zh) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-08-27 | 四川大学 | 一种轻质电磁屏蔽密封材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN110172260B (zh) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-05-28 | 四川大学 | 一种轻质电磁屏蔽密封材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
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WO2018036913A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
US10480656B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 |
EP3500641B1 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
ES2810399T3 (es) | 2021-03-08 |
US20180051808A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
EP3500641A1 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
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