CN109769748A - 戊型肝炎病毒慢性化小鼠模型的构建方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种戊型肝炎病毒慢性化小鼠模型的构建方法；本方法中HEV毒株来源于慢性化感染恒河猴粪便，该恒河猴持续排毒93周；通过尾静脉将HEV病毒悬液接种BALB/c小鼠后，在小鼠粪便和血清中能够持续检测到HEV RNA，且具有较高的病毒拷贝，此外持续阳性时间可达36周；本发明建立模型的方法简单，可用于HEV持续性感染机制的研究，并为抗HEV药物筛选及评估提供重要的动物模型。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域，具体涉及一种戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)慢性化小鼠模型的建立方法。
背景技术
戊型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis E Virus，HEV）是一种经肠道传播的病毒性肝炎病原体，可以跨种间感染人和多种动物。HEV 为单股正链 RNA 病毒，基因组全长约为7.3kb，由3个开放阅读框组成（ORF1、ORF2和ORF3）。目前研究发现HEV主要有8种基因型（HEV-1~HEV-8），在中国主要流行基因4型 HEV 毒株（HEV-4）。现已证实HEV传播途径主要为粪--口途径，也可通过其他途径传播，如血液传播、接触传播、垂直传播以及器官移植进行传播。
HEV感染一般为是急性自限性感染，患者在4-6周可自行康复。但是最新的研究发现，HEV感染器官移植患者，HIV感染患者等免疫缺陷的病人后，会导致HEV慢性化感染，并迅速发展成为肝硬化或肝癌，引起全球人们的广泛关注。目前基因3型、4型和7型均有HEV慢性化感染的相关报道，但其慢性化感染的机制还不清楚。
由于HEV慢性化感染的研究缺乏合适的动物模型，导致其致病机制的研究受限。
发明内容
基于此，本发明提供了一种戊型肝炎病毒慢性化小鼠模型的构建方法，制得的戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)慢性化小鼠模型用于HEV慢性化感染机理的研究以及抗HEV药物筛选和药物安全性评价等。
本发明HEV毒株取自HEV慢性化感染的恒河猴粪便，该恒河猴持续排毒93周。
本发明构建戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)慢性化小鼠模型采用SPF级BALB/c小鼠。
本发明方法中通过尾静脉注射法将HEV病毒悬液接种于BALB/c小鼠后，获得HEV慢性化小鼠模型。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现：
（1）将HEV慢性化感染的恒河猴粪便制备质量体积浓度10-15%的PBS粪便悬液，震荡使粪便乳化，在4-8℃、10000-12000g离心10分钟，收集上清，依次用0.45 μm滤膜和0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌，在滤液中加入滤液体积5-8 %的双抗溶液，4℃处理2 h，液氮中保存备用，经Real-time qPCR 测定其病毒拷贝数为2.4×104-3.1×105拷贝数/mL；
（2）将上述双抗溶液处理后的粪便悬液经尾静脉注射入SPF级BALB/c小鼠；
（3）每周收集粪便和血清进行HEV RNA的检测及病毒拷贝的检测；
在粪便和血清中持续检测到HEV RNA 12周以上，则戊型肝炎病毒慢性化小鼠模型构建成功；
（4）实验结束后收集肝组织进行免疫组化及肝纤维化检测；发现在肝组织中能检测HEVORF2和肝纤维化。
所述双抗溶液为含有400U/mL青霉素和1000U/mL链霉素的水溶液。
目前公开文献中虽然有关于HEV急性和慢性化小鼠模型的报道，但这些已公开模型中仅在免疫缺陷小鼠或人源肝小鼠模型中成功建立。但是免疫缺陷小鼠或人源肝小鼠价格昂贵，不易获得，且饲养条件等要求较高。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：
（1）本发明采用SPF级BALB/c小鼠，不依赖于宿主免疫缺陷或特定的遗传学背景；且价格低廉，饲养繁殖方便；
（2）本发明采用尾静脉注射法，操作简单；
（3）本发明采用HEV慢性化感染恒河猴粪便悬液，成功导致SPF级BALB/c小鼠慢性化感染，在粪便和血清中可以检测到HEV RNA，且持续阳性时间可达36周；
（4）本研究成功建立BALB/c小鼠慢性化感染模型，可模拟临床HEV慢性化感染，并造成与临床HEV慢性化感染病例类似的肝纤维化及肝组织病理损伤；
（5）本研究成功建立BALB/c小鼠慢性化感染模型，可进一步用于研究HEV慢性化感染的致病机制及其抗HEV药物筛选和药物安全性评价等。
附图说明
图1是本发明RT-qPCR检测BALB/c小鼠粪便和血清中HEV的病毒拷贝示意图；A图为粪便中病毒拷贝示意图，B图为血清中病毒拷贝示意图；
图2是本发明HEV导致BALB/c小鼠肝组织损伤示意图；
图3是本发明BALB/c小鼠感染HEV后肝组织抗原检测示意图；
图4是本发明HEV导致BALB/c小鼠肝组织纤维化示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明，但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容；实施例中主要采用常规的分子生物学方法，这些方法是本领域普通技术人员所熟知的；按照以下实施例，不难根据具体情况略作修改和变换而成功实施本发明，这些修改和变换均落在本申请权利要求的范围内。
SPF级BALB/c小鼠，购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司。
实施例1：本戊型肝炎病毒慢性化小鼠模型的构建方法如下：
1、收集慢性化感染93周的恒河猴粪便，制备质量体积比10 %的PBS（pH7.4）粪便悬液，剧烈震荡，使粪便乳化，经4℃，12000 g离心10分钟，收集上清，0.45 μm和0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌，在滤液中加入滤液体积5 %的双抗溶液（400U/mL青霉素和1000U/mL链霉素）4 ℃处理2 h，液氮中保存备用，经 Real-time qPCR 测定其病毒拷贝数为2.4×104拷贝数/mL；
2、将上述双抗溶液处理后的粪便悬液经尾静脉接种SPF级BALB/c小鼠；
3、每周收集粪便和血清各一次用于HEV RNA 的检测及病毒拷贝的计算；
粪便HEV RNA提取如下：收集粪便，制备重量体积比10 %的PBS（pH7.4）粪便悬液，剧烈震荡，使粪便乳化，经4 ℃，12000 g离心10 分钟，收集上清200μL；加入800μL RNA isoplus；震荡混匀，室温静置5分钟；加入200μL三氯甲烷，震荡混匀，冰上静置15分钟；4 ℃，12000 g离心10 分钟，收集上清与新的EP管中，加入等体积的异丙醇，震荡混匀，-20 ℃静置15分钟；4 ℃，12000 g离心10 分钟，弃上清，加入1mL无水乙醇，4 ℃，7500 g离心5分钟，弃上清；向沉淀中加入50μL DEPC 水溶解沉淀。
血清中病毒RNA提取采用Axygen体液病毒RNA提取试剂盒，按照说明书步骤进行血清中病毒RNA的提取。
将上述RNA使用逆转录试剂盒逆转录为cDNA进行HEV RNA检测及病毒拷贝的计算（见图1）。
4、实验结束收集肝组织样品进行病理分析，抗原检测及肝纤维检测
安乐处死小鼠，收集肝组织，10%多聚甲醛固定；常规脱水处理，制成石蜡切片，常规病理HE染色，观察肝组织病理损伤，发现HEV感染组肝组织结构紊乱，有明显的肝组织坏死，淋巴细胞浸润（见图2）；常规免疫组化操作，进行肝组织中抗原检测，发现在肝组织中检测到明显的阳性颗粒（见图3）；Masson三色法检测肝纤维化，结果显示在肝组织出现明显的肝纤维化（见图4）。
实施例2：本戊型肝炎病毒慢性化小鼠模型的构建方法如下：
（1）将HEV慢性化感染的恒河猴粪便制备质量体积浓度15%的PBS（pH7.4）粪便悬液，震荡使粪便乳化，在6℃、10000g离心10分钟，收集上清，依次用0.45 μm滤膜和0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌，在滤液中加入滤液体积8 %的双抗溶液（400U/mL青霉素和1000U/mL链霉素），4℃处理2 h，液氮中保存备用，经 Real-time qPCR 测定其病毒拷贝数为2.1×105拷贝数/mL；
（2）将上述双抗溶液处理后的粪便悬液经尾静脉注射入SPF级BALB/c小鼠；
（3）每周收集粪便和血清进行HEV RNA的检测及病毒拷贝的检测；
结果显示，在粪便和血清中持续检测到HEV RNA 12周以上，因此戊型肝炎病毒慢性化小鼠模型构建成功，参照实施例1在实验结束后收集肝组织进行免疫组化及肝纤维化检测，结果显示在肝组织中检测到HEV ORF2和肝纤维化。
Claims (4)
1.一种戊型肝炎病毒慢性化小鼠模型的构建方法，其特征在于，按如下步骤进行：
（1）将HEV慢性化感染的恒河猴粪便制备质量体积浓度10-15%的PBS粪便悬液，震荡使粪便乳化，在4-8℃、10000-12000g离心10分钟，收集上清，依次用0.45 μm滤膜和0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌，在滤液中加入滤液体积5-8 %的双抗溶液，4℃处理2 h，液氮中保存备用，经Real-time qPCR 测定其病毒拷贝数为2.4×104-3.1×105拷贝数/mL；
（2）将上述双抗溶液处理后的粪便悬液经尾静脉注射入SPF级BALB/c小鼠；
（3）每周收集粪便和血清进行HEV RNA的检测及病毒拷贝的检测；
在粪便和血清中持续检测到HEV RNA 12周以上，则戊型肝炎病毒慢性化小鼠模型构建成功。
2.根据权利要求1所述的戊型肝炎病毒慢性化小鼠模型的构建方法，其特征在于：HEV慢性化感染的恒河猴粪便取自持续排毒93周的恒河猴。
3.根据权利要求1所述的戊型肝炎病毒慢性化小鼠模型的构建方法，其特征在于：双抗溶液为含有400U/mL青霉素和1000U/mL链霉素的水溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的戊型肝炎病毒慢性化小鼠模型的构建方法，其特征在于：用于制备PBS粪便悬液的磷酸缓冲液的pH为7.4。
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