CN109769610A - The ecological efficient of a kind of Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum makees canopy cultivating method altogether - Google Patents
The ecological efficient of a kind of Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum makees canopy cultivating method altogether Download PDFInfo
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- CN109769610A CN109769610A CN201910227086.4A CN201910227086A CN109769610A CN 109769610 A CN109769610 A CN 109769610A CN 201910227086 A CN201910227086 A CN 201910227086A CN 109769610 A CN109769610 A CN 109769610A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Chinese yam and the ecological efficient of ganoderma lucidum makees canopy cultivating method altogether, comprising the following steps: 1) screens Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum；2) Chinese yam is cultivated；3) Chinese yam bracket is built；4) vertical recessed furrow place ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick.The present invention provides Chinese yam-ganoderma lucidum ecologies to make altogether, i.e., in unit area while keeping original yam planting strain number, promoting yield and product quality, increases 50% cultivation of glossy ganoderma area newly, " one mu becomes one and half ".Ecology make altogether ganoderma lucidum can mu increase income 3500~4000 yuan, and realize that chemical fertilizer subtracts and apply and ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick returning to the field fertilizing soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ecological efficients of a kind of Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum to make canopy cultivating method altogether, belongs to green house of vegetables cultivation technique neck
Domain.
Background technique
Chinese yam is the perennial herbaceous stem prehensile liana of Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea, is the efficient warp of a kind of grain, dish, medicine dual-purpose
Ji crop and China's export are earned foreign exchange one of Specialty vegetable.Its unit area economic flow rate and protein output are than rice, small
The cereal crops such as wheat are higher by one times or more.Can prepared food, it is also raw-eaten, have health-care efficacy.For high yield, high-quality, late-maturing block
Shape yam variety, Huang-Huai Area need to be in vegetable at protected field greenhouse gardenings.
Ganoderma lucidum is bracket fungus Como corruption fungi, is the traditional rare medicinal fungus in China, all there are plantation in China various regions.At present
China has using ganoderma lucidum as more than 200 family of the medicament of raw material and health care product manufacturing enterprise, and ganoderma lucidum and its deep processed product are with wide
Market application prospect.In terms of cultivation of glossy ganoderma mode, based on vegetable at protected field greenhouse cultivation, indoor growing and bionic cultivation,
It is economic benefit and the higher medicinal fungi of social benefit.
How ripe the polynary cropping pattern of making altogether of Huang-Huai Area vegetable at protected field greenhouse be long-standing, increasingly with high-efficiency agriculture
Development continues to optimize total operation mode and improves the inexorable trend that unit area benefit has become high-efficiency agriculture development.The Yellow River and Huai He River simultaneously
Area is one of the main producing region of China Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum again, and sunshine is abundant, and soil is deep, and quality is loose, weather and edaphic condition
It is suitable for the growth of Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum.This area's human resources are abundant, and peasant has the traditional habit of plantation Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum
And operating experience.
In recent years, the ganoderma lucidum new varieties of the blocky Chinese yam of screening and purification were the excellent variety of domestic plantation, and high yield is steady
It produces, resistance is strong, good product quality, and the market price is high and stablizes, and Chinese yam stable yield is at 2500kg/ mus, ganoderma lucidum fresh goods yield
Stablize at 5500kg/ mus.But efficient blocky Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum are planted altogether in the same green house of vegetables of protecting field, form one kind
Chinese yam-ganoderma lucidum ecological efficient makees canopy cultivation mode altogether there is no precedent.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above existing problems in the prior art, the present invention provides the ecological efficients of a kind of Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum to make canopy cultivation altogether
Method effectively improves vegetable at protected field greenhouse multiple crop index, yield per unit area and product quality.
To achieve the goals above, the ecological efficient of the present invention uses a kind of Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum makees canopy cultivating method altogether, wraps
Include following steps:
1) Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum are screened: March 10~15, selecting Chinese yam potato wedge disease-free, without worm, without freeze injury, stripping and slicing mark
Standard is 50~60g/ block, is then dressed seed and is basked seeds in the ratio mixing of 1:3 with carbendazim or mancozeb original powder and calcium lime powder
Wait broadcast；January 25~2 month 28 days, ganoderma lucidum separating-purifying parent species is selected to carry out conventional expander, protospecies breeding, April 1~10
Do ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick；
2) cultivate Chinese yam: Yu Siyue 10th~15, mountain was sowed with interactive mode distribution cultural method in north-south in green house of vegetables
Pharmacopoeia potato, interactive spacing are 30~40cm, and with black covering with ground sheeting；
3) it builds Chinese yam bracket: Yu Wuyue 20th~25, opening font Chinese yam branch with what cord or bamboo pole took 1.5~1.8m high
Frame, upper end north and south are connected；
4) vertical recessed furrow place ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick: at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May, depth 20cm, width 25cm spirit are dug among Chinese yam bracket downlink
Sesame cultivates bed, puts Ganoderma Lucidum stick by both sides are vertical in bed, and gap between bacteria stick is tamped with soil later, earthing thickness in bacteria stick
1.5cm makes after earthing entire bacterium bed face lower than 3~5cm of yam planting row, forms recessed furrow formula bacterium bed.
As an improvement, the Chinese yam in the step 1) is any one of Soviet Union's Chinese yam 1, Soviet Union's Chinese yam 2 and Soviet Union Chinese yam 3.
As an improvement, the ganoderma lucidum in the step 2) is any one of the bright red ganoderma lucidum in the U.S. or red ganoderma GL-4.
As an improvement, by weight, the protospecies breeding culture medium prescription in the step 1) are as follows: 80 parts of pear tree sawdust,
18 parts of wheat skin, 1 part of sugar, 1 part of gypsum, the water content of culture medium is 66%.
As an improvement, by weight, the ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick culture medium prescription in the step 1) are as follows: 79 parts of pear tree sawdust,
15 parts of wheat skin, 5 parts of corn flour, 1 part of gypsum, the water content of culture medium is 63%.
As an improvement, in the step 1), by ganoderma lucidum original seed 13 ㎝ of specification × 28cm × 0.055mm polypropylene plastics
Bag culture, per packed culture medium 0.3kg；Ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick 16 ㎝ of specification × 30cm × 0.055mm polypropylene plastics pocket is trained
It supports, per packed culture medium 0.45kg；Culture bacterium germination temperature is maintained at 26~28 DEG C, and preceding cultural hypha terminates by the end of May.
Compared with prior art, the present invention provides a kind of Chinese yam-ganoderma lucidum ecological efficient promoted suitable for Huang-Huai Area is total
Make canopy and plant mode, Chinese yam-ganoderma lucidum ecology is made altogether, i.e., is keeping original yam planting strain number in unit area, promoting yield and production
While product quality, 50% cultivation of glossy ganoderma area is increased newly, " one mu becomes one and half ".Ecology make altogether ganoderma lucidum can mu increase income 3500~
4000 yuan, and realize that chemical fertilizer subtracts and apply and ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick returning to the field fertilizing soil.
Using canopy cultivating method of the invention, Chinese yam yield does not subtract, ganoderma lucidum production abridged edition, one mu of change one and half, formation place,
The efficient utilization of the resources such as moisture, nutrient, gas and photo-thermal effectively improves multiple crop index, the unit plane of vegetable at protected field greenhouse
Product yield and product quality.Ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick goes out direct returning to farmland after sesame, increases organic matter, fertilizing soil.According to analysis, in bacteria stick per ton
About nitrogenous 10 ㎏, 1 ㎏ of phosphorus, 10 ㎏ of potassium, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is small, nutrient is in quick-acting states, is easily absorbed and utilized by Chinese yam.According to examination
It tests, applies 3000~4000 ㎏ of bacteria stick per acre, Chinese yam can be made to increase production 10~15%.Ganoderma lucidum ecology is carried out in Chinese yam greenhouse to make altogether,
Soil fertility not only can be improved, additionally aid improvement soil physical and chemical property, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, enhancing soil is held
Waterpower and permeability, the substances such as organic acid in metabolite can also stimulate the growth of rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing microorganism, improve plant
Rhizosphere microflora improves disease resistance of plant, is a kind of ideal " bacterial manure ".
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is carried out below further detailed
It describes in detail bright.However, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not limited to this hair
Bright range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms and scientific terms used herein are led with technology of the invention is belonged to
The normally understood meaning of the technical staff in domain is identical, and term as used herein in the specification of the present invention is intended merely to retouch
State the purpose of specific embodiment, it is not intended that in the limitation present invention.
Embodiment 1
2018 in Xuzhou modern agriculture experiment and demonstration base (Xuzhou City, the town great Miao, economic and technological development zone great Miao
Village) Chinese yam-ganoderma lucidum ecological efficient on probation makees canopy altogether and plants 400 ㎡ of mode cultivation.
Specific step is as follows:
1) Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum are screened: Soviet Union's No. 2 Chinese yam new varieties of Chinese yam and the bright red lucidum variety in the U.S. being selected to be made canopy cultivation altogether.
Wherein, Soviet Union Chinese yam 2 is Xuzhou Agriculture Science Inst., Xuhuai area, Jiangsu and Commercial Crop Inst., Jiangsu Prov. Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Joint was bred as in the method for " zhejiang taihu's purple transplants medicine " mutation breeding via radiation in 2013, and it is new to belong to tubbiness bulk purple Chinese yam
Kind, there is stronger adaptability, and cultivation recruitment is few；The bright red ganoderma lucidum in the U.S. is high yield ganoderma lucidum main breed, and handle length is medium, high by 6~
12cm, Gai Yuan and big, sesame lid 7~11cm of diameter, warm type is wide, change of tide is fast, and resistance and commodity are good, generally harvesting two when cultivation
Batch, fresh goods biological transformation ratio 95-110% is suitble in Protectorate cultivation；
1 day 2 months, the bright red lucid ganoderma stock culture expander in the U.S. is carried out, parent species mycelia is covered with inclined-plane within 23 days 2 months, start to produce original seed,
By weight, protospecies breeding culture medium prescription are as follows: 80 parts of pear tree sawdust, 18 parts of wheat skin, 1 part of sugar, 1 part of gypsum, culture medium contains
Water 66%, with 13 ㎝ of specification × 28cm × 0.055mm polypropylene plastics pocket culture, every packed culture medium 0.3kg；April 2
Ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick is done, by weight, ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick culture medium prescription are as follows: 79 parts of pear tree sawdust, 15 parts of wheat skin, 5 parts of corn flour, stone
1 part of cream, moisture content in medium 63%, with 16 ㎝ of specification × 30cm × 0.055mm polypropylene plastics pocket culture, every packed culture
Base 0.45kg produces qualified bacteria stick 8000 altogether and wraps, and 26~28 DEG C of cultural hypha temperature, May 20 covered with bacterium bag substantially, adjusted later
22 DEG C of whole cultural hypha temperature, to May 27, are completed mycelia after-ripening；
March 10, it is disease-free from Soviet Union's No. 2 selection of Chinese yam, without worm, without the potato wedge of freeze injury, stripping and slicing standard is 50~60g/ block, then
It is dressed seed and is basked seeds wait broadcast in the ratio mixing of 1:3 with carbendazim and calcium lime powder；
2) Chinese yam is sowed using interactive distribution cultivation, black covering with ground sheeting Chinese yam in green house of vegetables: sowing on April 10, south
North orientation is 35cm with interactive distribution cultural method sowing, interactive spacing, and black covering with ground sheeting is used after broadcasting, with emergence ahead of time, out
Even seedling, out strong sprout；
3) "ON" font Chinese yam bracket: May 20 is built in north-south, and the "ON" font Chinese yam branch of 1.5m high is taken with bamboo pole
Frame, upper end north and south are connected, and more protect wet ecological environment in favor of being formed；
4) vertical recessed furrow place bacteria stick: May 28, dig depth 20cm, width among the Chinese yam sowing row under Chinese yam bracket
25cm cultivation of glossy ganoderma bed puts Ganoderma Lucidum stick by both sides are vertical in bed, and gap between bacteria stick is tamped with native later, is covered in bacteria stick
Native thickness 1.5cm makes entire bacterium bed be lower than Chinese yam row 3cm after earthing, and supplies moisture, and June 3 and 8 days are to ganoderma lucidum bacterium bed moisturizing
Twice, June 15 days, part ganoderma lucidum former base initially form, and Chinese yam cauline leaf grows basic shelfful at this time, form about 60% shading
Rate.
July 10 started to harvest first ganoderma lucidum, mended a heavy water, August harvesting second batch on the 4th, the fresh sesame of common property later
3708kg, biological transformation ratio 103%, harvesting on November 3 Chinese yam 1683kg convert into per mu yield 2806kg.
Embodiment 2
The same period in 2018 tries out Chinese yam-in Xuzhou Feng County ancient riverbed of the Yellow River agricultural Demonstration Garden (the Feng County village Liang Zhaizhen Hong Lou)
Ganoderma lucidum ecological efficient makees canopy altogether and plants 1120 ㎡ of mode cultivation.
Steps are as follows for specific cultivation:
1) screen is suitable for that Chinese yam-ganoderma lucidum ecological efficient makees the kind that canopy is planted altogether: Soviet Union Chinese yam 3 is by Xu-Huai area Xuzhou, Jiangsu
Institute of agricultural sciences was bred as in the method for " Yuhang in Zhejiang's purple transplants medicine " mutation breeding via radiation in 2013.It is blocky purple to belong to tubbiness
Color Chinese yam new varieties have stronger adaptability, and cultivation recruitment is few, and red ganoderma GL-4 is the main commercial variety of Xu-Huai area ganoderma lucidum,
Suitable temperature range is wide, the dense stalwartness of mycelia, short in handle, long 4~6cm, sesame Gai Chise, and the micro- Huang in the back side is in beautiful color.Shape is in inclined more
Round conchoidal, type is good, 8~20cm of sesame lid diameter.Cultivate drought-resistant, yield is high, biological transformation ratio generally 90~
120%, belong to high yield lucidum variety；
Progress on January 28 parent species expander, 19 days 2 months start to do original seed, by weight, protospecies breeding culture medium prescription
Are as follows: 80 parts of pear tree sawdust, 18 parts of wheat skin, sugar 1 part, 1 part of gypsum, water content 66% in formula, with 13 ㎝ of specification × 28cm ×
The polypropylene plastics pocket culture of 0.055mm, per packed culture medium 0.3kg；April 1 did bacteria stick, by weight, ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick
Culture medium prescription are as follows: 79 parts of pear tree sawdust, 15 parts of wheat skin, 5 parts of corn flour, 1 part of gypsum, water content 63% in culture medium, with rule
16 ㎝ of lattice × 30cm × 0.055mm polypropylene plastics pocket culture produce bacteria stick 20200 altogether and wrap per packed culture medium 0.45kg, bacterium
26~28 DEG C of cultivation temperature of silk, May 15 covered with bacterium bag substantially, continued culture one week, May 22 under the conditions of temperature is 22 DEG C
Complete cultural hypha；
It carried out the seed selection of Soviet Union's No. 3 potato seeds of Chinese yam March 15, no disease and pests harm, the potato wedge without freeze injury is selected to carry out stripping and slicing, stripping and slicing
Standard is 55~60g/ block, is then dressed seed and is basked seeds wait broadcast in the ratio mixing of 1:3 with mancozeb original powder and calcium lime powder；
2) Chinese yam is sowed using interactive distribution cultivation, black covering with ground sheeting Chinese yam in green house of vegetables: sowing on April 15, south
The cultivation sowing of north orientation interactive mode, spacing 33.3cm cover black mulch film after broadcasting, to improve heat preservation and moistening effect；
3) "ON" font Chinese yam bracket is built in north-south: taking Chinese yam frame with cord in Yu Wuyue green house of vegetables on the 25th, frame is high
1.8m is in "ON" font, and upper end north and south is connected, and more protects wet ecological environment in favor of being formed；
4) vertical recessed furrow place ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick: Yu Wuyue placement ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick on the 25th, sow in row first under Chinese yam bracket
Between dig depth 20cm, width 25cm cultivation bed, and come and lean on that both sides are vertical puts Ganoderma Lucidum stick in bed, gap between tamping bacteria stick with soil,
The earthing thickness 1.5cm in bacteria stick, makes bacterium bed lower than Chinese yam row 5cm, in favor of the moisturizing of bacterium bed face, supplies moisture after earthing in time, and 6
The moon 2 and June 9 to ganoderma lucidum bacterium bed moisturizing, June 10, initially form ganoderma lucidum former base, and Chinese yam cauline leaf frame shading rate is close at this time
70%.
July 6 started to harvest first ganoderma lucidum, and to ganoderma lucidum bacterium bed moisturizing after adopting, August harvesting second batch on the 1st harvests fresh altogether
Ganoderma lucidum 9548kg harvests fresh sesame 4740kg, biological transformation ratio 106% altogether.Harvesting on November 7 Chinese yam 4688kg converts into mu
Produce 2792kg.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (6)
1. the ecological efficient of a kind of Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum makees canopy cultivating method altogether, which comprises the following steps:
1) Chinese yam and ganoderma lucidum are screened: March 10~15, selecting Chinese yam potato wedge disease-free, without worm, without freeze injury, stripping and slicing standard is
Then 50~60g/ block is dressed seed in the ratio mixing of 1:3 with carbendazim or mancozeb original powder and calcium lime powder and is basked seeds wait broadcast；
January 25~2 month 28 days, ganoderma lucidum separating-purifying parent species is selected to carry out conventional expander, protospecies breeding did ganoderma lucidum April 1~10
Bacteria stick；
2) cultivate Chinese yam: Yu Siyue 10th~15, Chinese yam kind was sowed with interactive mode distribution cultural method in north-south in green house of vegetables
Potato, interactive spacing are 30~40cm, and with black covering with ground sheeting；
3) it builds Chinese yam bracket: Yu Wuyue 20th~25, opening font Chinese yam bracket with what cord or bamboo pole took 1.5~1.8m high, on
North and south is held to be connected；
4) vertical recessed furrow place ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick: at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May, depth 20cm are dug among Chinese yam bracket downlink, width 25cm ganoderma lucidum is planted
Bed is trained, puts Ganoderma Lucidum stick by both sides are vertical in bed, gap between bacteria stick is tamped with native later, earthing thickness 1.5cm in bacteria stick,
Make entire bacterium bed face lower than 3~5cm of yam planting row after earthing, forms recessed furrow formula bacterium bed.
2. the ecological efficient of a kind of Chinese yam according to claim 1 and ganoderma lucidum makees canopy cultivating method altogether, which is characterized in that described
Chinese yam in step 1) is any one of Soviet Union's Chinese yam 1, Soviet Union's Chinese yam 2 and Soviet Union Chinese yam 3.
3. the ecological efficient of a kind of Chinese yam according to claim 1 and ganoderma lucidum makees canopy cultivating method altogether, which is characterized in that described
Ganoderma lucidum in step 2) is any one of the bright red ganoderma lucidum in the U.S. or red ganoderma GL-4.
4. the ecological efficient of a kind of Chinese yam according to claim 1 and ganoderma lucidum makees canopy cultivating method altogether, which is characterized in that by weight
Measure part meter, the protospecies breeding culture medium prescription in the step 1) are as follows: 80 parts of pear tree sawdust, 18 parts of wheat skin, 1 part of sugar, gypsum 1
Part, the water content of culture medium is 66%.
5. the ecological efficient of a kind of Chinese yam according to claim 1 or 4 and ganoderma lucidum makees canopy cultivating method altogether, which is characterized in that
By weight, the ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick culture medium prescription in the step 1) are as follows: 79 parts of pear tree sawdust, 15 parts of wheat skin, corn flour 5
Part, 1 part of gypsum, the water content of culture medium is 63%.
6. the ecological efficient of a kind of Chinese yam according to claim 5 and ganoderma lucidum makees canopy cultivating method altogether, which is characterized in that described
In step 1), by 13 ㎝ of the specification × 28cm × 0.055mm polypropylene plastics pocket culture of ganoderma lucidum original seed, per packed culture medium
0.3kg；By 16 ㎝ of the specification × 30cm × 0.055mm polypropylene plastics pocket culture of ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick, per packed culture medium
0.45kg；
Culture bacterium germination temperature is maintained at 26~28 DEG C, and preceding cultural hypha terminates by the end of May.
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Application publication date: 20190521 |