CN109757611A - 氨基酸和呋喃酮的用途和方法、宠物食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
氨基酸和呋喃酮的用途和方法、宠物食品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
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Abstract
本发明涉及第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮用于提高食物对伴生动物的适口性的用途。本发明还涉及包括第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮的宠物食品及其制备方法,以及涉及提高食物的适口性的方法。本发明的第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮的组合,能够显著提高适口性,动物明显更偏好本发明的宠物食品。
Description
本申请是申请日为2013年10月31日,国际申请号PCT/EP2013/072788,国家申请号为201380057148.2,发明名称为“风味添加剂”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮用于提高食物对伴生动物(companion animal)的适口性的用途,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。本发明还涉及包括第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮的宠物食物或补充剂,以及涉及提高食物对伴生动物的适口性的方法,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。
背景技术
公知很多猫科和犬科伴生动物对其食物都很挑剔。动物通常过一段时间将会拒绝食用已经接受的食物或者拒绝食用任何超过最小量的食物。这种现象部分可能由原料的感官剖面(sensory profile)的微小变化所造成。这些变化可能不会被人类消费者所感知,但由于嗅觉和味觉系统的差异,猫科和犬科伴生动物可能会很好地感知到这些差异。这些感官上的差异可能是由于所用原料的自然变化所致,或者是因为材料供应短缺时必须用替代物替代而造成的。这可能使主人非常失望,且可能使主人认为动物不高兴且不喜欢它的食物。如果动物不食用足够量的可获得的食物,那么动物也可能吸收不到其所需量的必要营养素。因此,能够清楚地看到需要鼓励伴生动物食用为其提供的食物的方法。已经提出了很多方法来克服这一问题。市场上大多数可获得的宠物食物是以一系列不同风味和/或质地提供的。然而,伴生动物的主人将了解到伴生动物将会由于不可知的原因突然拒绝主人认为对该动物来说最优选的风味。通过为伴生动物提供不同的食物选择,已经对伴生动物的风味偏好进行了很多研究。本发明人通过进一步研究猫的关键味觉受体并辨识有关的味觉机理进行了这一研究,该关键的味觉受体即鲜味受体(鲜味也称作美味或肉鲜味)。本发明人考察了一系列在天然食物中存在的挥发性的和非挥发性的化合物,并在这些化合物之间建立相互作用,并由此开发了最佳味觉的组合。特别关注和重点研究的是与鲜味受体相互作用并且通过鲜味受体所感知的化合物。
令人惊奇的是,本发明人发现伴生动物对特定化合物的组合表现出强烈且持久的偏好,无论该化合物是在水中、凝胶中还是在模型食物(model foodstuff)中提供给动物。因此本发明涉及非常合乎伴生动物需要的化合物的组合的用途,用于提高食物对伴生动物的适口性。伴生动物优选是哺乳类伴生动物。
当伴生动物每天食用它的推荐量的(主食)食物时,该动物将接收其所需水平的维生素和矿物质,由此非常可能保持健康和快乐。进一步地,主人对动物的良好饮食感到满意。本发明人辨识出天然食物中存在的某些挥发性和非挥发性化合物的组合对伴生动物特别具有吸引力。非挥发性化合物涉及味觉(即其是在舌头上检测出来的);挥发性化合物涉及香味,是影响食物的气味的化合物(即在鼻子中检测到的化合物);一些化合物落入全部这两类中。味觉和香味的组合为食物提供了其风味。本文所用的“风味”因此包括食物的味觉和香味。
发明内容
因此,作为第一方面,本发明提供了第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮的用途,用于提高食物对伴生动物的适口性以及因此用于确保伴生动物的足够的食物摄入量,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物;第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。
该第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、天冬酰胺、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或11种的混合物。该氨基酸优选是L型氨基酸。
该第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12种的混合物。该氨基酸优选是L型氨基酸。
该呋喃酮适宜地在下面的式I或式II中列出,可选地被羟基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基取代。
R1和R2各自独立地选自氢或C1-6烷基,优选氢、甲基或乙基;
R3是氢、羟基或C1-6烷基,优选甲基;
R4是氢、羟基或C1-6烷基,优选羟基;
R5是氢、羟基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、5元或6元饱和杂环或-OC(O)R7,优选羟基、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OC(O)CH3、甲基或吡咯烷;
R6是氢或C1-6烷基,优选氢或甲基;
R7是C1-6烷基,优选甲基。
该呋喃酮可以选自表1中列出的呋喃酮或它们中的2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12种的混合物。适宜地,该呋喃酮是呋喃酮醇(furaneol)、酱油酮(homofuraneol)、葫芦巴内酯(sotolon)、菊苣酮(norfuraneol)、5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮(abhexon)、4-甲氧基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮(mesifuranone)、二甲氧基呋喃酮或菊苣酮,如表1中所定义。可替代地,该呋喃酮可以选自如表1中所定义的呋喃酮醇、葫芦巴内酯和5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮(abhexon)。葫芦巴内酯(Sotolon)也可以称作葫芦巴酮(sotolone)。
表I
可选地,本发明还包括使用焦磷酸盐,例如焦磷酸四钾或焦磷酸二钠。在该组合物中也可以包括多磷酸盐,例如三聚磷酸钠。该焦磷酸盐和/或多磷酸盐可以以1mM或更高的浓度存在于该组合物中。适宜地,焦磷酸盐和/或多磷酸盐的浓度可以为5mM、10mM、15mM、20mM、25mM、30mM、40mM、50mM、100mM或500mM。
本发明包括如本文定义的包括第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮的组合物,其用于提高食物对伴生动物的适口性。该组合物可以包括如本文定义的焦磷酸盐和/或多磷酸盐。
第一氨基酸和第二氨基酸可以(单独地或组合地)以低于1M、1mM至1M、250mM至1M、5mM至500mM、10mM至100mM、10mM至50mM或20mM至50mM的量存在,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。氨基酸的含量可以低于200mM、低于100mM、低于20mM或低于10mM。一种或多种氨基酸可以以25mM、50mM或60mM的量存在。
该一种或多种呋喃酮可以(单独地或组合地)以高于0.005ppm、0.001ppm至40ppm、0.005ppm至20ppm、0.001ppm至5ppm、1ppm至10ppm或2ppm至5ppm的浓度存在。该一种或多种呋喃酮可以以低于40ppm的量存在。该一种或多种呋喃酮可以以4ppm的量存在。
用于本发明中的氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮可以补充天然存在于肉、蔬菜或乳制品中从而可以形成食物一部分的那些氨基酸和呋喃酮。一种或多种氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮可以在宠物食物的制备过程中或制备之后添加到其中。添加一种或多种氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮用以提高或优化该宠物食物的基础肉(或其他主要营养素)成分的风味剖面。
伴生动物优选是猫科动物(猫)或犬科动物(狗),尽管其也可以是豚鼠、兔子、鸟或马。
作为第二方面,本发明还提供了包括第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮的宠物食物,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。该食物可以被包装,其中该包装带有表明该宠物食物用于被猫或狗或豚鼠、兔子、鸟或马食用的文字或图像信息。加以必要的修正,对第一方面适合和优选的特征也适用于第二方面。
应当指出,对于本发明,不包括牛磺酸作为氨基酸。事实上,牛磺酸是有机磺酸且不含氨基酸特有的羧基,即不含COOH基团。然而,在本领域中(例如在US 2006/0286276和US2006/286275中所述),牛磺酸通常被描述为一种氨基酸,这是不正确的。此外,因为牛磺酸不含羧基,因此假定其不适合以与本发明定义的第一氨基酸相同的方式进入鲜味受体的结合位点。
作为第三方面,本发明还涉及包括第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮的组合物,其用于提高伴生动物对食物的接受度和/或确保伴生动物摄取足量的食物,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。提高适口性使得动物提高对该食物的喜爱度和接受度。接受度和喜爱度的提高有助于使得伴生动物克服对食物的挑剔。因为动物接受并喜爱依照本发明的食物,因此更容易达到其每日所需的卡路里和营养素摄取量。
该组合物可以用于提高食物对动物的食欲吸引力以鼓励动物食用健康量的食物。因此,本发明还提供包括第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮的组合物的用途,其用于提高食物的食欲吸引力、鼓励健康摄取食物、确保伴生动物摄取所需的营养素和卡路里;其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。健康水平是指能使动物在微量营养素、主要营养素和卡路里方面保持或达到有助于其总体大致健康的摄取的量。由此表示动物可以食用足够的卡路里并得到营养全面的饮食而不需要食用过量的卡路里,并由此保持健康平衡,例如“玛氏宠物护理必要营养素标准(Mars Petcare Essential Nutrient Standards)”所示。
如上所述,将鲜味受体作为风味化合物的目标来研究。很多涉及鲜味受体的激活的研究都聚焦在人类的鲜味受体。然而,令人惊奇的是,本发明人发现人类的鲜味受体与某些伴生动物的鲜味受体在序列上是不同的,如图13中所示。而且,即使某些伴生动物显示出对特定氨基酸的偏好(依照现有技术),但这些偏好对于各种动物是不同的。因此,在人体中进行的研究不可能预测伴生动物是否将会对相同的氨基酸具有相同的响应。
在人类鲜味受体中,通过电脑内模拟和定点诱变识别出谷氨酸盐和IMP结合涉及的关键活性位点残基。这些研究显示关键残基在H71、T149、S172、D192、Y220、E301、S306和S385位置处,且在其他物种中高度保留该残基。人、猪、鼠和猫序列的对比显示在这些特定残基中仅有两个改变(猪L220和鼠A385)。
这些活性位点残基的高水平保留与在研究的物种中的鲜味受体的氨基酸特异性的差异并不很好地匹配。对猪鲜味受体的研究在活性位点中识别出了有报道称对结合来说重要的其他残基。这些位置中的氨基酸在人和猪之间得以保留(R227、R307和H308)。根据这一相似性,提出将猪鲜味作为人鲜味的模拟。然而,与人鲜味受体激活相关的常规谷氨酸盐和天冬氨酸盐配体相比,猪鲜味受体显示出具有更宽的氨基酸特异性(谷氨酸盐、丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、丝氨酸和苏氨酸)。使用一些高浓度(至多1M)的其他氨基酸(甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸)的报道提出,这些化合物在人体内释放出鲜味感觉,但仅使用感官分析监控到该效果,没有受体研究的报道。因此,与其他物种相比,似乎激活人类鲜味受体的氨基酸的范围非常有限,且迄今为止识别出的残基并不能令人满意地解释在猪和人鲜味受体之间的氨基酸特异性的差异。
本发明还提供了提高食物的鲜味风味/味觉的方法,该方法包括在食物中添加或包括第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物;第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。
“提高”表示该鲜味风味被动物更强烈/更剧烈地检测到。通过协同作用,添加呋喃酮提高了该鲜味风味的效力。
本发明还提供了提高动物对食物的偏好的方法,该方法包括在食物中添加第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和呋喃酮,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。还提供了提高食物的鲜味风味的方法,该方法包括在食物中添加核苷酸、第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和呋喃酮,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。如本文所述,提高食物的肉味(美味)风味的方法也通过使用第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和呋喃酮得到,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。这三种组分的组合能使三种组分协同作用以提高鲜味风味感觉。
作为另一方面,本发明涉及用于制备宠物食物的方法,该宠物食物包括第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,该方法包括以下步骤:添加第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮并将其与宠物食物混合,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。该添加和/或混合可以在该食物配制、加工或包装之前、期间或之后进行。该第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和呋喃酮的添加和/或混合可以按顺序或同时进行。
加以必要的修正,所有方面的所有特征适用于所有其他方面。
本发明人发现将第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮添加到宠物食品中显著提高了伴生动物对该食物的偏好,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。与不具有下述化合物或具有下述化合物中的一种或两种的食物或水相比,该动物对包括第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮的食物或水显示出具有强烈的偏好,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。这克服了与挑剔动物相关的困难并确保动物食用提供给其的全部的每日推荐量的食物,导致动物的健康和快乐以及主人内心的平静。
因此,在食物中包括三组分混合物的优点是多重的:将鼓励动物长期坚持食用该食物;协同作用意味着每种成分在食物中需要包括的量更少,意味着具有成本效益地使用各种氨基酸和呋喃酮。
不希望被理论束缚,本发明人相信动物舌头上的鲜味味觉受体能够检测第一氨基酸(重要的是,其选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸),另一受体或受体检测第二氨基酸(选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸),因此与单独将各种组分提供给动物的相加作用相比,将第一氨基酸和第二氨基酸结合在该组合物中提供了更大的作用。通过添加呋喃酮,这种作用被进一步放大。鲜味受体是异二聚体跨膜蛋白质受体,在现有技术中也称作T1R1/T1R3。
本申请显示,尽管在非人类鲜味受体的电脑模拟和使用非人类鲜味受体的体外分析中,本发明人发现本发明的每种第一氨基酸(即甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸)能够不同程度地结合和激活该鲜味受体。相同的体外分析证实来自第二组的氨基酸不会激活该鲜味受体,因此可能会结合和激活一个或多个不同的受体。在体内测试中显示的第二组氨基酸(天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸)的正接受性(positive acceptance)证实了这些氨基酸发挥了风味作用。
进一步对猫鲜味受体的模拟识别出了活性位点中的两个其它位置(170和302),其包含人和其他物种之间非常不同的残基,且可能能够改变第一组氨基酸通达结合位点的方式(access),也可以改变该氨基酸的结合行为。显示出本发明的第一氨基酸中的一种的结合可以改变鲜味受体的构造。如图12中可以看到,该受体能够描述为“捕蝇草”,其中结合位点由类似于“夹爪(jaws)”的结构构成,其一旦由依照本发明的化合物结合就会闭合。一旦第一组的氨基酸结合到受体的“夹爪”内,该受体可以更容易结合其他风味组分。可以说该氨基酸潜在地优化受体结合其他分子的分子环境。假设氨基酸配体在T1R1活性位点中具有首要结合位点,但其也与该活性位点周围的其他残基形成了相互作用。该相互作用的性质和程度取决于氨基酸侧链中存在的官能团(例如羧基、氨基或疏水基团)。因此假设在活性位点中的其他残基中的改变是观察到的不同物种间不同氨基酸结合特异性的差异的可能原因。进一步地,假设一旦结合了第一组的氨基酸,该呋喃酮产生协同作用以提高鲜味风味感觉。这种相互作用可以通过结合位点之间的交叉对话(cross talk)或在转导和神经过程中发生。
捕蝇草域(domain)由称作折叶的区域连接的两个叶片(上叶片和下叶片)构成(图12)。该捕蝇草一旦结合了第一组的氨基酸就会从开启构造转变为闭合构造。
本发明人进一步的体外测试显示第二组氨基酸不会激活该鲜味受体,如上所述。
因此,当氨基酸(选自本文所列那些)在组合物中一起提供时,其显示出以协同方式一起作用,提高了动物对两种化合物在一个或多个味觉受体上的感知。再次,不希望被理论所束缚,通过结合到不同的结合位点/受体,第一氨基酸和二氨基酸显示出彼此补充,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸、羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。因为存在以协同方式作用的呋喃酮,由该氨基酸的结合产生的鲜味风味感知进一步提高。
选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸的第一氨基酸都共同具有不带电的侧链,且应当注意这一清单不包括环状氨基酸、螺环(spyro)氨基酸或α-双取代氨基酸。进一步地,结合鲜味受体以提高动物对该化合物的感知度的氨基酸的种类可以包括芳香族的、极性的、亲脂性的或小的饱和环氨基酸。
如上所述,除了猫科鲜味受体的电脑模拟之外,还进行了对人、猫和狗受体的序列进行了比对。令人感兴趣的是,人体序列比对显示出在位置170和302(相对于人体T1R1受体编号)处的两种氨基酸在人体中作为丙氨酸残基出现,而在其他物种中这些位置为谷氨酸盐和天冬氨酸盐。此外,该猫科鲜味受体不结合天冬氨酸盐和谷氨酸盐,其是人体T1R1/T1R3受体的天然配体。因此,由于这些显著差别,技术人员将不能预测已知结合到人体受体的化合物是否将会影响如本文所述的其他动物的鲜味受体。
注意到Yoshi等(Synergistic Effects of 5’-Nucleotides on Rat TasteResponses to Various Amino Acids(《5’-核苷酸对各种氨基酸的大鼠味觉响应的协同作用》),脑研究(Brain Research),367(1986)45-51)总结出在氨基酸和核苷酸之间存在协同作用。然而,描述的实验不是在活体内进行而是使用了体外神经信号。显然,假设了将神经响应总结为正响应。然而,如本领域公知的那样,神经响应对于动物也可能是负响应,即在体内神经响应能够是负的味觉感知。进一步地,可以看到发生响应最强的氨基酸不是与本发明提供的信息相关的那些。由于Yoshi等测试氨基酸的“人造”环境,因此这几乎是确定无疑的。
美国专利US3524747描述了在食物中添加最少量的七种氨基酸以提高“肉味”风味。然而,尽管七种氨基酸的组合能够被本发明预期,但本发明人得到的知识(特定的氨基酸和呋喃酮实现了适口性的提高)使得能够使用比七种更少的氨基酸来提高食物的适口性。
显然本发明人已知的任何现有技术都没有预期使用至少两种氨基酸以及与呋喃酮一起用于提高伴生动物的食物的风味(特别地,第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸、羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物)。如前所述,认为该氨基酸以协同方式作用;第一氨基酸结合鲜味受体,而第二氨基酸不显示出与鲜味受体结合而是具有通过一种或多种不同的受体发挥作用的机理。
依照本发明的氨基酸和呋喃酮可以结合到动物(例如狗或猫)的可能在其饮食中食用的任何产品中。因此,本发明覆盖了标准食品、补充剂、宠物食物、饮料、点心和零食。食品优选是烹制食品。其可以包括肉或动物源材料(例如牛肉、鸡肉、火鸡肉、羔羊肉、血浆、髓骨等或它们中的两种或更多种)。该食品可替代地可以是不含肉的(优选地,包括肉类替代物,例如大豆、玉米麸质或大豆制品)以提供蛋白质源。该产品可以包含额外的蛋白质源,例如大豆蛋白质浓缩物、牛乳蛋白质、麸质等。该产品也可以包含淀粉源,例如胶凝淀粉,例如一种或多种谷类(例如小麦、玉米、稻米、燕麦、裸麦等)或者可以是不含淀粉的。典型的猫和狗的干食物商品包含约10-70%的粗蛋白质、约10-60%的脂肪,其余为碳水化合物,包括膳食纤维和灰分。典型的湿的或潮湿产品包含(以干物质计)约40%的脂肪、50%的蛋白质,其余为纤维和灰分。本发明特别涉及本文描述的作为猫和狗的饮食、食品或补充剂销售的宠物食品。在本文中术语“家养”狗和“家养”猫表示狗和猫,特别是家猫(Felis domesticus)和家犬(Canis domesticus)。优选地,该宠物食物将满足动物的主要营养素需求,优选蛋白质:脂肪:碳水化合物之比对于猫科动物约为50∶40∶10,对于犬科动物为30∶60∶10。
如能够从下面的示例中看到的那样,令人惊奇地发现本发明的第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和呋喃酮在提供给动物时提供了比相加作用更大的作用,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸、羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。换言之,伴生动物对第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和呋喃酮的组合的偏好比对任意或每种单独化合物的偏好的相加作用更大,其中第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸、羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物。添加呋喃酮将更大程度地提高这种偏好。即,在包括呋喃酮后,偏好的提高程度大于呋喃酮本身对偏好的相加作用。
因此,氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮的组合的预料不到的优点是对适口性的提高。不希望被理论所束缚,如上所述,本发明人相信这是由于鲜味受体对第一氨基酸的结合位点的构造和定位、一个或多个其他受体对第二氨基酸的结合位点的构造和定位,以及呋喃酮的增强作用所致。
附图说明
现在将参照以下附图和示例描述本发明,其中:
图1显示了包括25mM脯氨酸+25mM组氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM组氨酸的组合物的差异测试的结果;
图2显示了包括25mM脯氨酸+25mM组氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM脯氨酸的组合物的差异测试的结果;
图3显示了包括25mM苏氨酸+25mM组氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM苏氨酸的组合物的差异测试的结果;
图4显示了包括25mM丙氨酸+25mM苏氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM丙氨酸的组合物的差异测试的结果;
图5显示了包括25mM丙氨酸+25mM苏氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM苏氨酸的组合物的差异测试的结果;
图6显示了包括25mM甘氨酸+25mM苏氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM甘氨酸的组合物的差异测试的结果;
图7显示了包括25mM甘氨酸+25mM苏氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM苏氨酸的组合物的差异测试的结果;
图8显示了包括25mM组氨酸+25mM脯氨酸+4ppm呋喃酮醇的组合物与包含25mM脯氨酸+25mM组氨酸的组合物的差异测试的结果;
图9显示了本发明的各种第一氨基酸所得到的剂量响应曲线,其在0.2mM的IMP存在下体外筛选其激活T1R1/T1R3受体的能力,表中显示了相应的EC50值;
图10显示了本发明的一些第二氨基酸所得到的剂量响应曲线,其在0.2mM的IMP存在下体外筛选其激活T1R1/T1R3受体的能力,表中显示了相应的EC50值;
图11显示了T1R1/T1R3鲜味受体的预测结构;
图12显示了该鲜味受体的预测结构的示意图;和
图13显示了人、猫科和犬科鲜味受体的序列比对。
具体实施方式
示例
示例中的所有氨基酸都是L-型的。
示例1
使猫接近包含25mM脯氨酸+25mM组氨酸的水与包含50mM组氨酸的组合物。该方法对24只猫使用双瓶选择测试(由于因泼洒而丢弃的数据等,每次测试猫的最终数量可能不同)。在测试周期期间猫各自在单独的屋里,且在测试周期之间都可自由接近可得到的水。该测试包括在以给定浓度溶解在去离子水中的促味剂/混合物与仅含去离子水或另一促味剂/混合物之间的选择测试。对位置偏差(例如A/B暴露1和B/A暴露2)和蒸发损失进行控制。测试时间为36小时(即,每天18小时,两天变换一次)。在连续两天的每次测试之后,让猫连续休息两天。在测试周期开始后1小时为猫提供干饮食作为单独一餐,其经计算以满足每只猫的个体需求。
该结果显示在下表和图1中。
摄取量(g)分析
固定效应的方差分析(ANOVA)表
平均产品差异、标准误差和95%置信区间的表
可以看到脯氨酸+组氨酸的摄取量比仅组氨酸的摄取量平均高43.60g,即与仅组氨酸相比,动物明显更偏好脯氨酸和组氨酸的组合。
示例2
如示例1那样进行差异测试,然而,将包含25mM脯氨酸+25mM组氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM脯氨酸的组合物进行比较。
该结果显示在下面和图2中。
摄取量(g)分析
固定效应的方差分析表
*0.0000表示小于0.0001的数
平均产品差异、标准误差和95%置信区间的表
可以看到脯氨酸+组氨酸的摄取量比仅脯氨酸的摄取量平均高56.07g,即与仅脯氨酸相比,动物明显更偏好脯氨酸和组氨酸的组合。
示例3
如示例1那样进行差异测试,然而,将包含25mM苏氨酸+25mM组氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM苏氨酸的组合物进行比较。
该结果显示在下面和图3中。
摄取量(g)分析
固定效应的方差分析表
平均产品差异、标准误差和95%置信区间的表
可以看到苏氨酸+组氨酸的摄取量比仅苏氨酸的摄取量平均高34.48g,即与仅苏氨酸相比,动物明显更偏好苏氨酸和组氨酸的组合。
示例4
如示例1那样进行差异测试,然而,将包含25mM丙氨酸+25mM苏氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM丙氨酸的组合物进行比较。
该结果显示在下面和图4中。
摄取量(g)分析
固定效应的方差分析表
平均产品差异、标准误差和95%置信区间的表
可以看到丙氨酸+苏氨酸的摄取量比仅丙氨酸的摄取量平均高5.17g,即与仅丙氨酸相比,更偏好丙氨酸+苏氨酸的组合。
示例5
如示例1那样进行差异测试,然而,将包含25mM苏氨酸+25mM丙氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM苏氨酸的组合物进行比较。
该结果显示在下面和图5中。
摄取量(g)分析
固定效应的方差分析表
平均产品差异、标准误差和95%置信区间的表
可以看到苏氨酸+丙氨酸的摄取量比仅苏氨酸的摄取量平均高11.80g,即与仅苏氨酸相比,动物明显更偏好苏氨酸和丙氨酸的组合。
示例6
如示例1那样进行差异测试,然而,将包含25mM甘氨酸+25mM苏氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM甘氨酸的组合物进行比较。
该结果显示在下面和图6中。
摄取量(g)分析
固定效应的方差分析表
平均产品差异、标准误差和95%置信区间的表
可以看到甘氨酸+苏氨酸的摄取量比仅甘氨酸的摄取量平均高5.26g,即与仅甘氨酸相比,动物更偏好苏氨酸和甘氨酸的组合。
示例7
如示例1那样进行差异测试,然而,将包含25mM苏氨酸+25mM甘氨酸的组合物与仅包含50mM苏氨酸的组合物进行比较。
该结果显示在下面和图7中。
固定效应的方差分析表
平均产品差异、标准误差和95%置信区间的表
可以看到苏氨酸+甘氨酸的摄取量比仅苏氨酸的摄取量平均高2.46g,即与仅苏氨酸相比,动物更偏好苏氨酸和甘氨酸的组合。
示例8
如示例1那样进行差异测试,然而,将包含25mM组氨酸+25mM脯氨酸+4ppm呋喃酮醇的组合物与包含25mM脯氨酸+25mM组氨酸的组合物进行比较。
该结果显示在下面和图8中。
固定效应的方差分析表
平均产品差异、标准误差和95%置信区间的表
可以看到组氨酸+脯氨酸+呋喃酮醇的摄取量比脯氨酸+组氨酸的摄取量平均高34.84g,即与脯氨酸+组氨酸相比,动物明显更偏好组氨酸+脯氨酸+呋喃酮醇的组合。
示例9
进行体外筛选以确定哪种第一氨基酸结合并激活该鲜味受体。结果示于图9中。
示例10
进行体外筛选以确定哪种第二氨基酸结合并激活该鲜味受体。结果示于图10中。
序列表
<110> 马斯公司
<120> 氨基酸和呋喃酮的用途和方法、宠物食品及其制备方法
<130> M0087-00365
<140> EP12190902.2
<141> 2012-10-31
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610 615 620
Pro Thr Val Pro Ala Cys Leu Leu Arg Gln Pro Leu Phe Ser Leu Gly
625 630 635 640
Phe Ala Ile Phe Leu Ser Cys Leu Thr Ile Arg Ser Phe Gln Leu Val
645 650 655
Ile Ile Phe Lys Phe Ser Thr Lys Val Pro Thr Phe Tyr Arg Thr Trp
660 665 670
Ala Gln Asn His Gly Ala Gly Leu Phe Val Ile Val Ser Ser Thr Val
675 680 685
His Leu Leu Ile Cys Leu Thr Trp Leu Val Met Trp Thr Pro Arg Pro
690 695 700
Thr Arg Glu Tyr Gln Arg Phe Pro His Leu Val Ile Leu Glu Cys Thr
705 710 715 720
Glu Val Asn Ser Val Gly Phe Leu Leu Ala Phe Thr His Asn Ile Leu
725 730 735
Leu Ser Ile Ser Thr Phe Val Cys Ser Tyr Leu Gly Lys Glu Leu Pro
740 745 750
Glu Asn Tyr Asn Glu Ala Lys Cys Val Thr Phe Ser Leu Leu Leu Asn
755 760 765
Phe Val Ser Trp Ile Ala Phe Phe Thr Met Ala Ser Ile Tyr Gln Gly
770 775 780
Ser Tyr Leu Pro Ala Val Asn Val Leu Ala Gly Leu Thr Thr Leu Ser
785 790 795 800
Gly Gly Phe Ser Gly Tyr Phe Leu Pro Lys Cys Tyr Val Ile Leu Cys
805 810 815
Arg Pro Glu Leu Asn Asn Thr Glu His Phe Gln Ala Ser Ile Gln Asp
820 825 830
Tyr Thr Arg Arg Cys Gly Thr Thr
835 840
<210> 3
<211> 841
<212> PRT
<213> 智人()
<400> 3
Met Leu Leu Cys Thr Ala Arg Leu Val Gly Leu Gln Leu Leu Ile Ser
1 5 10 15
Cys Cys Trp Ala Phe Ala Cys His Ser Thr Glu Ser Ser Pro Asp Phe
20 25 30
Thr Leu Pro Gly Asp Tyr Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Phe Pro Leu His Ser
35 40 45
Gly Cys Leu Gln Val Arg His Arg Pro Glu Val Thr Leu Cys Asp Arg
50 55 60
Ser Cys Ser Phe Asn Glu His Gly Tyr His Leu Phe Gln Ala Met Arg
65 70 75 80
Leu Gly Val Glu Glu Ile Asn Asn Ser Thr Ala Leu Leu Pro Asn Ile
85 90 95
Thr Leu Gly Tyr Gln Leu Tyr Asp Val Cys Ser Asp Ser Ala Asn Val
100 105 110
Tyr Ala Thr Leu Arg Val Leu Ser Leu Pro Gly Gln His His Ile Glu
115 120 125
Leu Gln Gly Asp Leu Leu His Tyr Ser Pro Thr Val Leu Ala Val Ile
130 135 140
Gly Pro Asp Ser Thr Asn Arg Ala Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala Leu Leu Ser
145 150 155 160
Pro Phe Leu Val Pro Met Ile Ser Tyr Ala Ala Ser Ser Glu Thr Leu
165 170 175
Ser Val Lys Arg Gln Tyr Pro Ser Phe Leu Arg Thr Ile Pro Asn Asp
180 185 190
Lys Tyr Gln Val Glu Thr Met Val Leu Leu Leu Gln Lys Phe Gly Trp
195 200 205
Thr Trp Ile Ser Leu Val Gly Ser Ser Asp Asp Tyr Gly Gln Leu Gly
210 215 220
Val Gln Ala Leu Glu Asn Gln Ala Thr Gly Gln Gly Ile Cys Ile Ala
225 230 235 240
Phe Lys Asp Ile Met Pro Phe Ser Ala Gln Val Gly Asp Glu Arg Met
245 250 255
Gln Cys Leu Met Arg His Leu Ala Gln Ala Gly Ala Thr Val Val Val
260 265 270
Val Phe Ser Ser Arg Gln Leu Ala Arg Val Phe Phe Glu Ser Val Val
275 280 285
Leu Thr Asn Leu Thr Gly Lys Val Trp Val Ala Ser Glu Ala Trp Ala
290 295 300
Leu Ser Arg His Ile Thr Gly Val Pro Gly Ile Gln Arg Ile Gly Met
305 310 315 320
Val Leu Gly Val Ala Ile Gln Lys Arg Ala Val Pro Gly Leu Lys Ala
325 330 335
Phe Glu Glu Ala Tyr Ala Arg Ala Asp Lys Lys Ala Pro Arg Pro Cys
340 345 350
His Lys Gly Ser Trp Cys Ser Ser Asn Gln Leu Cys Arg Glu Cys Gln
355 360 365
Ala Phe Met Ala His Thr Met Pro Lys Leu Lys Ala Phe Ser Met Ser
370 375 380
Ser Ala Tyr Asn Ala Tyr Arg Ala Val Tyr Ala Val Ala His Gly Leu
385 390 395 400
His Gln Leu Leu Gly Cys Ala Ser Gly Ala Cys Ser Arg Gly Arg Val
405 410 415
Tyr Pro Trp Gln Leu Leu Glu Gln Ile His Lys Val His Phe Leu Leu
420 425 430
His Lys Asp Thr Val Ala Phe Asn Asp Asn Arg Asp Pro Leu Ser Ser
435 440 445
Tyr Asn Ile Ile Ala Trp Asp Trp Asn Gly Pro Lys Trp Thr Phe Thr
450 455 460
Val Leu Gly Ser Ser Thr Trp Ser Pro Val Gln Leu Asn Ile Asn Glu
465 470 475 480
Thr Lys Ile Gln Trp His Gly Lys Asp Asn Gln Val Pro Lys Ser Val
485 490 495
Cys Ser Ser Asp Cys Leu Glu Gly His Gln Arg Val Val Thr Gly Phe
500 505 510
His His Cys Cys Phe Glu Cys Val Pro Cys Gly Ala Gly Thr Phe Leu
515 520 525
Asn Lys Ser Asp Leu Tyr Arg Cys Gln Pro Cys Gly Lys Glu Glu Trp
530 535 540
Ala Pro Glu Gly Ser Gln Thr Cys Phe Pro Arg Thr Val Val Phe Leu
545 550 555 560
Ala Leu Arg Glu His Thr Ser Trp Val Leu Leu Ala Ala Asn Thr Leu
565 570 575
Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Thr Ala Gly Leu Phe Ala Trp His Leu
580 585 590
Asp Thr Pro Val Val Arg Ser Ala Gly Gly Arg Leu Cys Phe Leu Met
595 600 605
Leu Gly Ser Leu Ala Ala Gly Ser Gly Ser Leu Tyr Gly Phe Phe Gly
610 615 620
Glu Pro Thr Arg Pro Ala Cys Leu Leu Arg Gln Ala Leu Phe Ala Leu
625 630 635 640
Gly Phe Thr Ile Phe Leu Ser Cys Leu Thr Val Arg Ser Phe Gln Leu
645 650 655
Ile Ile Ile Phe Lys Phe Ser Thr Lys Val Pro Thr Phe Tyr His Ala
660 665 670
Trp Val Gln Asn His Gly Ala Gly Leu Phe Val Met Ile Ser Ser Ala
675 680 685
Ala Gln Leu Leu Ile Cys Leu Thr Trp Leu Val Val Trp Thr Pro Leu
690 695 700
Pro Ala Arg Glu Tyr Gln Arg Phe Pro His Leu Val Met Leu Glu Cys
705 710 715 720
Thr Glu Thr Asn Ser Leu Gly Phe Ile Leu Ala Phe Leu Tyr Asn Gly
725 730 735
Leu Leu Ser Ile Ser Ala Phe Ala Cys Ser Tyr Leu Gly Lys Asp Leu
740 745 750
Pro Glu Asn Tyr Asn Glu Ala Lys Cys Val Thr Phe Ser Leu Leu Phe
755 760 765
Asn Phe Val Ser Trp Ile Ala Phe Phe Thr Thr Ala Ser Val Tyr Asp
770 775 780
Gly Lys Tyr Leu Pro Ala Ala Asn Met Met Ala Gly Leu Ser Ser Leu
785 790 795 800
Ser Ser Gly Phe Gly Gly Tyr Phe Leu Pro Lys Cys Tyr Val Ile Leu
805 810 815
Cys Arg Pro Asp Leu Asn Ser Thr Glu His Phe Gln Ala Ser Ile Gln
820 825 830
Asp Tyr Thr Arg Arg Cys Gly Ser Thr
835 840
<210> 4
<211> 841
<212> PRT
<213> 家犬()
<400> 4
Met Ser Leu Leu Ala Ala His Leu Val Ser Leu Gln Leu Ser Leu Ser
1 5 10 15
Cys Cys Trp Ala Leu Ser Cys His Asn Thr Glu Ser Ser Pro Asp Phe
20 25 30
Ser Leu Pro Gly Asp Tyr Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Phe Pro Leu His Ser
35 40 45
Asp Cys Pro Gly Val Arg Arg Arg Pro Met Val Thr Leu Cys Asp Arg
50 55 60
Pro Asn Ser Phe Asn Gly His Gly Tyr His Leu Phe Gln Ala Met Arg
65 70 75 80
Phe Gly Ile Glu Glu Ile Asn Asn Ser Thr Thr Leu Leu Pro Asn Val
85 90 95
Thr Leu Gly Tyr Gln Leu Tyr Asp Val Cys Ser Glu Ser Ala Asn Val
100 105 110
Tyr Ala Thr Leu Asn Val Leu Ser Thr Leu Gly Thr His His Ile Glu
115 120 125
Ile Gln Ala Asp Pro Ser His Tyr Ser Pro Ala Ala Leu Ala Val Ile
130 135 140
Gly Pro Asp Thr Thr Asn His Ala Ala Thr Ala Ala Ala Leu Leu Ser
145 150 155 160
Pro Phe Leu Val Pro Val Ile Ser Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser Val Met Leu
165 170 175
Gly Val Lys Arg Tyr Tyr Pro Ser Phe Leu Arg Thr Ile Pro Ser Asp
180 185 190
Lys Tyr Gln Val Glu Ile Met Val Leu Leu Leu Gln Arg Phe Gly Trp
195 200 205
Val Trp Ile Ser Leu Val Gly Ser Asp Gly Asp Tyr Gly Gln Leu Gly
210 215 220
Val Gln Ala Leu Glu Glu Gln Ala Thr Gln Gln Gly Ile Cys Ile Ala
225 230 235 240
Phe Lys Asp Ile Ile Pro Phe Ser Ala Gln Pro Gly Asn Glu Arg Met
245 250 255
Gln Ser Met Met Tyr His Leu Asp Arg Ala Arg Thr Thr Val Val Val
260 265 270
Val Phe Ser Ser Arg Gln Leu Ala Arg Val Phe Phe Glu Ser Val Val
275 280 285
Leu Ala Lys Leu Thr Ala Lys Val Trp Ile Ala Ser Glu Asp Trp Ala
290 295 300
Ile Ser Arg His Ile Ser Ser Leu Pro Arg Ile Trp Gly Ile Gly Thr
305 310 315 320
Val Leu Gly Val Ala Ile Gln Gln Lys Leu Val Pro Gly Leu Lys Glu
325 330 335
Phe Glu Glu Ala Tyr Val Arg Ala Lys Lys Ala Ala His Arg Pro Cys
340 345 350
Ser Arg Asp Ser Trp Cys Ser Ser Asn Gln Leu Cys Arg Glu Cys Gln
355 360 365
Ala Phe Thr Val Gln Gln Met Pro Thr Leu Gly Ala Phe Ser Met Ser
370 375 380
Ser Ala Tyr Asn Ala Tyr Arg Ala Val Tyr Ala Ala Ala His Gly Leu
385 390 395 400
His Gln Leu Leu Gly Cys Ala Ser Gly Ala Cys Ser Arg Asp Arg Val
405 410 415
Tyr Pro Trp Gln Leu Leu Glu Gln Ile Arg Lys Val Asn Phe Leu Leu
420 425 430
His Glu Asp Thr Val Ile Phe Asn Asp Asn Gly Asp Pro Leu Ser Gly
435 440 445
Tyr Asp Ile Ile Ala Trp Asp Trp Ser Gly Pro Lys Trp Thr Phe Arg
450 455 460
Val Ile Gly Ser Ser Thr Trp Pro Pro Val Gln Leu Asp Ile Asn Lys
465 470 475 480
Thr Lys Ile Arg Trp His Gly Glu Asp Asn Gln Val Pro Glu Ser Val
485 490 495
Cys Ser Ser Asn Cys Leu Glu Gly His Gln Arg Val Val Val Gly Phe
500 505 510
Tyr His Cys Cys Phe Glu Cys Val Pro Cys Glu Ala Gly Thr Phe Leu
515 520 525
Asn Lys Ser Asp Leu His Ser Cys Gln Pro Cys Gly Lys Glu Glu Trp
530 535 540
Ala Pro Glu Gly Ser Glu Ser Cys Phe Leu Arg Thr Val Val Phe Leu
545 550 555 560
Thr Trp His Glu Pro Ile Ser Trp Val Leu Leu Ala Ala Asn Thr Leu
565 570 575
Leu Leu Leu Leu Val Ala Gly Thr Ala Gly Leu Phe Ala Trp His Leu
580 585 590
Asp Thr Pro Val Val Arg Ser Ala Gly Gly Arg Leu Cys Phe Phe Met
595 600 605
Leu Gly Ser Leu Ala Gly Gly Ser Cys Gly Leu Tyr Gly Phe Phe Gly
610 615 620
Glu Pro Thr Leu Ala Thr Cys Leu Leu Arg Gln Gly Leu Phe Ala Leu
625 630 635 640
Gly Phe Ala Ile Phe Leu Ser Cys Leu Thr Ile Arg Ser Phe Gln Leu
645 650 655
Val Phe Ile Phe Lys Phe Ser Ala Lys Val Pro Thr Phe Tyr Gln Ala
660 665 670
Trp Val Gln Asn His Gly Pro Arg Leu Phe Val Val Ile Ser Ser Met
675 680 685
Ala Gln Leu Leu Ile Cys Val Thr Trp Leu Ala Val Trp Thr Pro Leu
690 695 700
Pro Thr Arg Glu Tyr Gln Arg Phe Pro Gln Leu Val Val Leu Asp Cys
705 710 715 720
Thr Glu Ala Asn Ser Pro Gly Phe Met Val Ala Phe Ala Tyr Asn Gly
725 730 735
Leu Leu Ser Val Ser Ala Phe Ala Cys Ser Tyr Leu Gly Lys Asp Leu
740 745 750
Pro Glu Asn Tyr Asn Glu Ala Lys Cys Val Thr Phe Ser Leu Leu Leu
755 760 765
Asn Phe Val Ser Trp Ile Gly Phe Phe Thr Thr Ala Ser Val Tyr Gln
770 775 780
Gly Lys Tyr Leu Pro Ala Val Asn Val Leu Ala Ala Leu Ser Ser Leu
785 790 795 800
Ser Ser Gly Phe Ser Gly Tyr Phe Leu Pro Lys Cys Tyr Val Ile Leu
805 810 815
Cys Arg Pro Asp Leu Asn Ser Thr Glu His Phe Gln Ala Ser Ile Gln
820 825 830
Asp Tyr Thr Arg Arg Cys Gly Ser Thr
835 840
<210> 5
<211> 718
<212> PRT
<213> 家猫()
<220>
<221> 混合特征
<222> (64)..(166)
<223> Xaa可以是任何天然存在的氨基酸
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (64)..(64)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 64 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (65)..(65)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 65 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (66)..(66)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 66 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (67)..(67)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 67 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (68)..(68)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 68 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (69)..(69)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 69 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (70)..(70)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 70 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (71)..(71)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 71 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (72)..(72)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 72 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (73)..(73)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 73 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (74)..(74)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 74 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (75)..(75)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 75 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (76)..(76)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 76 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (77)..(77)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 77 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (78)..(78)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 78 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (79)..(79)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 79 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (80)..(80)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 80 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (81)..(81)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 81 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (82)..(82)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 82 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (83)..(83)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 83 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (84)..(84)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 84 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (85)..(85)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 85 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (86)..(86)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 86 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (87)..(87)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 87 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (88)..(88)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 88 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (89)..(89)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 89 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (90)..(90)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 90 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (91)..(91)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 91 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (92)..(92)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 92 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (93)..(93)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 93 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (94)..(94)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 94 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (95)..(95)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 95 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (96)..(96)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 96 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (97)..(97)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 97 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (98)..(98)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 98 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (99)..(99)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 99 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (100)..(100)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 100 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (101)..(101)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 101 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (102)..(102)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 102 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (103)..(103)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 103 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (104)..(104)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 104 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (105)..(105)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 105 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (106)..(106)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 106 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (107)..(107)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 107 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (108)..(108)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 108 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (109)..(109)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 109 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (110)..(110)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 110 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (111)..(111)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 111 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (112)..(112)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 112 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (113)..(113)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 113 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (114)..(114)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 114 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (115)..(115)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 115 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (116)..(116)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 116 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (117)..(117)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 117 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (118)..(118)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 118 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (119)..(119)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 119 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (120)..(120)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 120 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (121)..(121)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 121 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (122)..(122)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 122 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (123)..(123)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 123 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (124)..(124)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 124 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (125)..(125)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 125 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (126)..(126)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 126 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (127)..(127)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 127 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (128)..(128)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 128 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (129)..(129)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 129 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (130)..(130)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 130 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (131)..(131)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 131 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (132)..(132)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 132 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (133)..(133)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 133 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (134)..(134)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 134 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (135)..(135)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 135 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (136)..(136)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 136 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (137)..(137)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 137 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (138)..(138)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 138 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (139)..(139)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 139 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (140)..(140)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 140 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (141)..(141)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 141 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (142)..(142)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 142 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (143)..(143)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 143 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (144)..(144)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 144 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (145)..(145)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 145 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (146)..(146)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 146 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (147)..(147)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 147 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (148)..(148)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 148 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (149)..(149)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 149 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (150)..(150)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 150 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (151)..(151)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 151 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (152)..(152)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 152 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (153)..(153)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 153 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (154)..(154)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 154 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (155)..(155)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 155 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (156)..(156)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 156 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (157)..(157)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 157 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (158)..(158)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 158 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (159)..(159)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 159 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (160)..(160)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 160 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (161)..(161)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 161 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (162)..(162)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 162 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (163)..(163)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 163 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (164)..(164)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 164 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (165)..(165)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 165 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<220>
<221> UNSURE
<222> (166)..(166)
<223> The 'Xaa' at location 166 stands for Gln, Arg, Pro, or Leu.
<400> 5
Met Ser Leu Pro Ala Ala His Leu Val Gly Leu Gln Leu Ser Leu Ser
1 5 10 15
Cys Cys Trp Ala Leu Ser Cys His Ser Thr Glu Thr Ser Ala Asp Phe
20 25 30
Ser Leu Pro Gly Asp Tyr Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Phe Pro Leu His Ser
35 40 45
Asp Cys Pro Gly Val Arg His Arg Pro Thr Val Thr Leu Cys Asp Xaa
50 55 60
Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa
65 70 75 80
Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa
85 90 95
Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa
100 105 110
Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa
115 120 125
Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa
130 135 140
Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa
145 150 155 160
Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Ile Ser Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser Val Thr Leu
165 170 175
Gly Val Lys Arg His Tyr Pro Ser Phe Leu Arg Thr Ile Pro Ser Asp
180 185 190
Lys His Gln Val Glu Ala Met Val Leu Leu Leu Gln Ser Phe Gly Trp
195 200 205
Val Trp Ile Ser Val Val Gly Ser Asp Gly Asp Tyr Gly Gln Leu Gly
210 215 220
Val Gln Ala Leu Glu Glu Gln Ala Thr Gln Gln Gly Ile Cys Val Ala
225 230 235 240
Phe Lys Asp Ile Ile Pro Phe Ser Ala Arg Pro Gly Asp Glu Arg Met
245 250 255
Gln Gly Ile Met His His Leu Ala Arg Ala Arg Thr Thr Val Val Val
260 265 270
Val Phe Ser Ser Arg Gln Leu Ala Arg Val Phe Phe Glu Ser Val Val
275 280 285
Leu Ala Asn Leu Thr Ala Lys Val Trp Ile Ala Ser Glu Asp Trp Ala
290 295 300
Ile Ser Arg His Ile Ser Asn Val Pro Gly Ile Gln Gly Ile Gly Thr
305 310 315 320
Val Leu Gly Val Ala Ile Gln Gln Arg Leu Val Pro Gly Leu Lys Glu
325 330 335
Phe Glu Glu Ala Tyr Val Gln Ala Asp Lys Gly Ala Pro Gly Pro Cys
340 345 350
Ser Arg Thr Ser Glu Cys Ser Ser Asn Gln Leu Cys Arg Glu Cys Arg
355 360 365
Ala Phe Thr Ala Glu Gln Met Pro Thr Leu Gly Ala Phe Ser Met Ser
370 375 380
Ser Ala Tyr Asn Ala Tyr Arg Ala Val Tyr Ala Val Ala His Gly Leu
385 390 395 400
His Gln Leu Leu Gly Cys Ala Ser Gly Ala Cys Ser Arg Asp Arg Val
405 410 415
Tyr Pro Trp Gln Leu Leu Glu Gln Ile Arg Lys Val Asn Phe Leu Leu
420 425 430
His Lys Asp Thr Val Arg Phe Asn Asp Asn Gly Asp Pro Leu Ser Gly
435 440 445
Tyr Asp Ile Ile Ala Trp Asp Trp Ser Gly Pro Lys Trp Asn Phe Arg
450 455 460
Val Ile Gly Ser Ser Met Trp Pro Pro Val Gln Leu Asp Ile Asn Lys
465 470 475 480
Thr Lys Ile Arg Trp His Gly Lys Asp Asn Gln Val Pro Lys Ser Val
485 490 495
Cys Ser Ser Asp Cys Leu Glu Gly His Gln Arg Val Ile Ser Gly Phe
500 505 510
Tyr His Cys Cys Phe Glu Cys Val Pro Cys Glu Ala Gly Ser Phe Leu
515 520 525
Asn Lys Ser Asp Leu His Ser Cys Gln Pro Cys Gly Lys Glu Glu Trp
530 535 540
Ala Pro Ala Gly Ser Glu Thr Cys Phe Pro Arg Thr Val Val Phe Leu
545 550 555 560
Thr Trp His Glu Thr Ile Ser Trp Val Leu Leu Ala Ala Asn Thr Leu
565 570 575
Leu Leu Leu Leu Val Thr Gly Thr Ala Gly Leu Phe Ala Trp His Leu
580 585 590
Asp Thr Pro Val Val Lys Ser Ala Gly Gly Arg Leu Cys Phe Phe Met
595 600 605
Leu Gly Ser Leu Ala Gly Gly Ser Cys Gly Leu Tyr Gly Phe Phe Gly
610 615 620
Glu Pro Thr Leu Pro Thr Cys Leu Leu Arg Gln Ser Leu Leu Ala Leu
625 630 635 640
Gly Phe Ala Ile Phe Leu Ser Cys Leu Thr Ile Arg Ser Phe Gln Leu
645 650 655
Val Phe Ile Phe Lys Phe Ser Ala Lys Val Pro Thr Phe Tyr Arg Ala
660 665 670
Trp Val Gln Asn His Gly Pro Gly Leu Phe Val Val Ile Ser Ser Met
675 680 685
Ala Gln Leu Leu Ile Cys Leu Thr Trp Leu Ala Val Trp Thr Pro Leu
690 695 700
Pro Thr Arg Glu Tyr Gln Arg Phe Pro Gln Leu Val Val Leu
705 710 715
Claims (18)
1.第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮在提高食物对伴生动物适口性中的用途,其中:
所述第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,
所述第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,以及
所述一种或多种呋喃酮依照式I或式II的化合物:
其中R1和R2各自独立地选自氢或C1-6烷基;
R3是氢、羟基或C1-6烷基;
R4是氢、羟基或C1-6烷基;
R5是氢、羟基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、5元或6元饱和杂环或-OC(O)R7;
R6是氢或C1-6烷基;
R7是C1-6烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,该一种或多种呋喃酮是依照式I或式II的化合物:
其中R1和R2各自独立地选自氢、甲基或乙基;
R3是甲基;
R4是羟基;
R5是羟基、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OC(O)CH3、甲基或吡咯烷;
R6是氢或甲基;
R7是甲基。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,该一种或多种呋喃酮选自呋喃酮醇、(2R)-(+)-酱油酮I、(2R)-(+)-酱油酮II、(2S)-(-)-酱油酮I、(2S)-(-)-酱油酮II、葫芦巴内酯、菊苣酮、5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮、4-甲氧基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮或二甲氧基呋喃酮所组成的组中。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,该第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和呋喃酮是对食物中任何肉、蔬菜或乳制品组分中存在的任意氨基酸和呋喃酮的补充。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,氨基酸总量以低于1M的量存在。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,该一种或多种呋喃酮以低于40ppm的量存在。
7.根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和呋喃酮以组合方式选自以下:
8.一种用于提高食物对伴生动物适口性的宠物食品,其包括第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮,其中:
所述第一氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物,
所述第二氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸或它们中的两种或更多种的混合物以及
所述一种或多种呋喃酮依照式I或式II的化合物:
其中R1和R2各自独立地选自氢或C1-6烷基;
R3是氢、羟基或C1-6烷基;
R4是氢、羟基或C1-6烷基;
R5是氢、羟基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、5元或6元饱和杂环或-OC(O)R7;
R6是氢或C1-6烷基;
R7是C1-6烷基。
9.根据权利要求8所述的宠物食品,其特征在于,该一种或多种呋喃酮是依照式I或式II的化合物:
其中R1和R2各自独立地选自氢、甲基或乙基;
R3是甲基;
R4是羟基;
R5是羟基、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OC(O)CH3、甲基或吡咯烷;
R6是氢或甲基;
R7是甲基。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的宠物食品,其特征在于,该一种或多种呋喃酮选自呋喃酮醇、(2R)-(+)-酱油酮I、(2R)-(+)-酱油酮II、(2S)-(-)-酱油酮I、(2S)-(-)-酱油酮II、葫芦巴内酯、菊苣酮、5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮、4-甲氧基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮或二甲氧基呋喃酮所组成的组中。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的宠物食品,其特征在于,该第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和呋喃酮是对食物中任何肉、蔬菜或乳制品组分中存在的任意氨基酸和呋喃酮的补充。
12.根据权利要求8至11中任一项所述的宠物食品,其特征在于,氨基酸总量以低于1M的量存在。
13.根据权利要求8至12中任一项所述的宠物食品,其特征在于,该一种或多种呋喃酮以低于40ppm的量存在。
14.根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的宠物食品,其特征在于,所述第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和呋喃酮以组合方式选自以下:
15.制备宠物食品的方法,所述宠物食品包括第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮,该方法包括添加至少一种第一氨基酸、至少一种第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮并将其与宠物食物混合的步骤,其中,所述第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮由权利要求8至14中任一项所定义。
16.根据权利要求15所述的制备宠物食品的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括将一种或多种宠物食品成分、与至少一种所述第一氨基酸、至少一种第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮相结合,其中所述第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮一起添加或分开添加,且在所述宠物食品包含的干物质中,氨基酸、核苷酸和呋喃酮共同占不超过30wt%。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其特征在于,该一种或多种宠物食品成分包括一种或多种可食用材料,其中所述可食用材料选自肉、动物脂肪、血浆、髓骨、植物蛋白、植物油脂、乳蛋白、谷类和淀粉,其在所述宠物食品包含的干物质中,该一种或多种可食用材料占至少60wt%。
18.提高食物的适口性的方法,该方法包括在食物的制备过程中或制备之后添加第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮,所述第一氨基酸、第二氨基酸和一种或多种呋喃酮由权利要求8至14中任一项所定义。
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WO2016094690A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-16 | Mars, Incorporated | Flavor compositions and pet food products containing the same |
US20160331709A1 (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2016-11-17 | Wow Llc??? | Balancing an Unbalanced Sympathetic Nervous System |
EP3442352A4 (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2020-03-11 | Mars, Incorporated | COMPOUNDS THAT MODULATE CALCIUM SENSITIVE RECEPTOR ACTIVITY TO MODULATE KOKUMI TASTE AND PET FOOD PRODUCTS CONTAINING THE SAME |
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GB201721627D0 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-02-07 | Mars Inc | Pet food product |
JP2021023259A (ja) * | 2019-08-08 | 2021-02-22 | 三菱商事ライフサイエンス株式会社 | 味の持続性を向上させる調味料 |
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- 2013-10-31 EP EP18205691.1A patent/EP3461347B1/en active Active
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- 2013-10-31 EP EP13791948.6A patent/EP2914133B1/en active Active
- 2013-10-31 PL PL18205691T patent/PL3461347T3/pl unknown
- 2013-10-31 CN CN201811423897.3A patent/CN109757611B/zh active Active
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- 2013-10-31 WO PCT/EP2013/072788 patent/WO2014068043A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2013-10-31 CN CN201380057148.2A patent/CN104837365B/zh active Active
- 2013-10-31 US US14/438,834 patent/US20150257412A1/en not_active Abandoned
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PL2914133T3 (pl) | 2019-04-30 |
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RU2015120516A (ru) | 2016-12-20 |
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EP3461347A1 (en) | 2019-04-03 |
US20150257412A1 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
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