CN109757415B - Large deep open sea industrial ship net cage integrated fishery production platform and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Large deep open sea industrial ship net cage integrated fishery production platform and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109757415B CN109757415B CN201910141923.1A CN201910141923A CN109757415B CN 109757415 B CN109757415 B CN 109757415B CN 201910141923 A CN201910141923 A CN 201910141923A CN 109757415 B CN109757415 B CN 109757415B
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-scale deep open sea industrial ship net cage integrated fishery production platform, which comprises a aquaculture industrial ship, a deep water net cage and an anchoring system, wherein a circulating water aquaculture workshop, a seedling raising workshop, a feeding workshop, a processing storage system and a management control system are arranged in the aquaculture industrial ship; a circulating water cultivation workshop is arranged in the cultivation ship, and consists of a cultivation cabin, a water treatment unit and a raw water treatment system; the deepwater net cage is positioned on the sea surface at the tail of the aquaculture worker and is connected with the tail of the aquaculture worker through a fixing rod; the anchoring system comprises a pontoon floating on the sea surface and a catenary anchor chain fixed on the sea bottom; the feeding workshop comprises a fish cabin feeding system and a deep water net cage feeding system; the processing and storage system comprises an automatic fish slaughtering and packaging production line and a refrigeration and freezing warehouse, and the automatic slaughtering production line and the refrigeration and freezing warehouse are positioned on the upper layer of the cabin body of the aquaculture worker; and the management control system is used for providing power for the aquaculture worker, the internal equipment and monitoring the running state of the equipment and controlling the equipment. The invention has the functions of cultivating and processing integration and has strong universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fishery production platform, in particular to a large deep open sea industrial ship net cage integrated fishery production platform and an operation method thereof.
Background
China is the first fishery production country in the world, and the total yield of fishery accounts for nearly 40% of the total world. Fishery is the basic industry of the guarantee supply of social aquatic products in China, and the international trade total amount of the aquatic products is first in world aquatic product trade and first in agricultural product international trade in China; aquaculture is the main industry of fishery in China, the aquaculture yield accounts for 73% of the total amount of fishery, 65% of the total amount of world aquaculture, and the fish aquaculture yield accounts for about 20% of the total amount of world; in 2013, the fish culture yield of China is 2594 ten thousand tons, wherein 95% of the fish culture yield comes from inland freshwater culture mainly in ponds; the aquaculture production mode of China is extensive, and is influenced by the environmental deterioration of the external water area and the internal water quality deterioration, the culture spaces on inland and coastal coasts are extruded, and the safety problem of the cultured products is increasingly outstanding; the trend towards deep open sea, the development of green cultivation production mode, the expansion of cultivation space and the assurance of the quality of cultivated aquatic products have become necessary trend.
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a large-scale deep-open sea engineering ship net cage integrated fishery production platform with integrated cultivation, processing and packaging functions and an operation method thereof.
The key point of developing deep-open sea cultivation is safe and reliable facility equipment; the research on the net cage structure, the anchoring system, the feed storage, the maintenance management and other technologies of the net cage culture is not mature, and the water temperature factors determine the territorial characteristics of the cultivable varieties of the net cage culture and limit the variety of the cultivable varieties due to the great challenges of environmental control, disease control and the like caused by the communication with open water bodies; in the aspect of facility performance, especially the research on storm resistance and current resistance is not deep enough, and the economic loss caused by waves and typhoons is very disastrous.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a large-scale deep-open sea engineering ship net cage integrated fishery production platform with integrated cultivation, processing and packaging functions and an operation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a large deep open sea industrial vessel net cage integrated fishery production platform, the fishery production platform comprising:
The cultivation ship is internally provided with a circulating water cultivation workshop, and the circulating water cultivation workshop consists of a cultivation cabin, a water treatment unit and a raw water treatment system; the culture cabin is positioned at the middle lower layer of the culture work ship cabin body and consists of a plurality of fish culture cabins and a purifying hanging water cabin, and each fish culture cabin is provided with a set of water treatment unit;
The deepwater net cage is positioned on the sea surface at the tail of the aquaculture worker and is connected with the tail of the aquaculture worker through a fixing rod;
The mooring system is a single-point mooring device and comprises a pontoon floating on the sea surface and a catenary type anchor chain fixed on the sea bottom, and the aquaculture worker ship is fixed on the single-point mooring device through a mooring rope;
The seedling raising workshop is positioned in the breeding worker ship;
The feeding workshop is positioned in the aquaculture engineering ship, and comprises a fish cabin feeding system and a deepwater net cage feeding system, wherein the fish cabin feeding system is used for fish cabin aquaculture in the ship body, and the deepwater net cage feeding system is used for deepwater net cage aquaculture;
the processing storage system is positioned in the breeder ship and comprises an automatic fish slaughtering packaging production line and a refrigeration and freezing warehouse, and the automatic slaughtering production line and the refrigeration and freezing warehouse are positioned on the upper layer of the cabin body of the breeder ship;
and the management control system is used for providing power for the aquaculture engineering ship and the internal equipment, monitoring the running state of the equipment and controlling the operation state.
In one embodiment of the invention, the mooring system, the farming vessel and the deepwater net cage are arranged in a straight line.
In one embodiment of the invention, the deepwater net cage is at least one group, two groups are connected into a whole by a frame, and the deepwater net cage is of a cylindrical cone bottom structure.
In one embodiment of the invention, the deepwater net cage is provided with ballast tanks that can float or submerge by ballast or by ballast removal.
In one embodiment of the invention, the deepwater net cage comprises a double-layer net, wherein the inner layer is a flexible net, and the outer layer is a rigid enemy-preventing net.
In one embodiment of the invention, the deepwater net cage is provided with an emergency aeration pipeline, and an air pump positioned in the breeder ship provides an air source for oxygenation in the case of emergency hypoxia.
In one embodiment of the invention, the fish tank feeding system comprises a feed bin, a central automatic feeder, a feed transmission pipeline, a fixed feeder and underwater video monitoring, the deepwater net cage feeding system comprises a feed bin, a pneumatic feeder, a feed transmission pipeline and underwater video monitoring, the fixed feeder is positioned above each fish tank, and the feed transmission pipeline is led out by the pneumatic feeder and then transmitted to each net cage.
In one embodiment of the invention, the underwater video monitoring consists of an underwater camera, a transmission line and a video terminal, and is used for observing the ingestion state of fish.
In one embodiment of the invention, the aquaculture engineering ship further comprises a water-changing layer temperature measuring and water taking device positioned at one side of the deck, and the water-changing layer temperature measuring and water taking device consists of a water taking water pump, a water taking pipe and a hose winch, wherein one end of the water taking pipe is inserted into a water layer with a certain depth, and the other end of the water taking pipe is connected into a purified water hanging cabin through a raw water treatment system and then flows into a fish raising cabin; the side of the fish-farming cabin leans against the waterline and is provided with a sewage discharge pipe, the sewage discharged by the breeding system is gathered into the pipe and discharged to the outside of the ship through a sewage outlet, and the sewage outlet of the sewage discharge pipe is opened on the sea surface.
The operation method of the large deep open sea industrial ship net cage integrated fishery production platform comprises the following steps:
(1) Mounting connection of platforms
A. Determining the sea area according to the exploration results of water quality, climate and the like;
b. Transporting the single-point mooring device to a target sea area, and anchoring and fixing;
c. The cultivation ship is opened to the target sea area and connected with the single point mooring;
d. After the deep water net cage is built on land, towing the deep water net cage to a target sea area by a towing ship to finish connection with the tail part of the industrial ship;
e. The water layer changing temperature measuring water taking device is provided with a hose, so that the water taking suction port reaches the target water layer;
f. The auxiliary operation ship assists the deep water net cage to lead out the feed transmission pipeline for the deep water net cage from the feeding workshop of the aquaculture worker ship, and the feed transmission pipeline is arranged on the deep water net cage and is fixedly connected.
(2) Seedling and cultivation
A. selecting cultured fish seeds according to requirements of fish-raising cabins of the aquaculture worker and the deep water net cage culture varieties; wherein, the cultivation variety of the fish-raising cabin of the industrial ship is determined according to the water temperature range of the water-taking layer, and the cultivation variety of the deepwater net cage is determined according to the water temperature of the surface layer of the sea area;
b. the quantity of required fish fries is respectively determined according to the yield requirements of a fish raising cabin of a raising engineering ship and a deep water net cage, and the fish fries can be bred from parent fish in a seedling raising workshop or transported from a land base by a transport ship; parent fish is obtained from breeding self-reserved seeds, and other parent fish are transported from land base for hybridization at regular intervals, so that germplasm degeneration is prevented;
c. Respectively putting young fish of proper age into a fish-raising cabin of a raising boat and a deep water net cage according to the designed seedling-placing amount;
d. performing feeding management and production management according to biological requirements of cultured fish varieties;
e. and carrying out weight monitoring, cabin turning and grading on the cultured fish according to the production plan.
(3) Feeding with a feeding device
A. transporting the artificial compound feed from the land-based base to the breeder ship by the transport ship;
b. The feed particles are pumped out of the transport ship by the pneumatic pump, the feed is conveyed into the feed bin by the opening of the deck of the industrial ship, and the feed with different particle sizes is stored in different feed bins;
c. Starting a central automatic feeding machine, and conveying feed into a fixed feeding machine above each fish raising cabin through a feed conveying pipeline;
d. according to a set program, timing and quantifying, carrying out spraying feeding by a fixed feeding machine, wherein the spraying range covers the whole water surface of the fish culture cabin;
e. Starting a pneumatic feeding machine, starting an air compressor to pneumatically convey feed particles to a deepwater net cage through a feed conveying pipeline, and spraying the feed particles to the water surface to finish feeding;
f. And manually observing underwater video monitoring to judge the satiety degree of the fish in real time and adjusting the feeding speed.
(4) Harvesting and processing
A. When the cultured fish reaches commodity specifications, transferring the fish to a purified water hanging cabin for hanging and culturing, wherein hanging and culturing time is determined according to fish species characteristics and quality control standards;
b. The fish body in the industrial ship fish-raising cabin is transferred by pumping a fish pump, and the fish body in the deepwater net cage is transferred to a purified water-hanging cabin in the industrial ship by a live fish transport ship (auxiliary operation ship);
c. after hanging, the fish is pumped to a fish slaughtering production line by a fish pump for slaughtering, packaging and storing,
D. The harvested live fish and processed fish products may be transported by a transport vessel to a land-based site.
(5) Water supply and drainage and cultivation water treatment:
a. The aquaculture engineering ship is provided with a variable water temperature water taking device, which consists of a water taking water pump, a water taking pipe and a pipe placing winch, and the water taking depth, the water temperature and the flow are adjusted according to the water temperature requirement, seasonal air temperature difference and cabin heat preservation requirement of fish in a fish cabin;
b. The collected water firstly enters a raw water treatment system, and the supersaturated gas in the deep sea water is removed through filtration and aeration treatment, and meanwhile, the particulate matters are filtered;
c. Then flowing into a purified water hanging cabin, hanging water in the cabin to be collected for fish, evacuating foreign matters in the body, and flowing out water into a water treatment unit of the fish-farming cabin;
d. The water discharged from the fish-farming cabin contains high-concentration particles, ammonia nitrogen, carbon dioxide and the like, and flows into water treatment equipment such as a micro-filter, a biological filter, a carbon remover and the like respectively, and after being purified, the water is subjected to oxygen increasing through an oxygen cone to complete water treatment circulation, and then flows back into the fish-farming cabin, wherein the oxygen source is oxygen production by an oxygen generator;
e. after the sludge and sewage of the water treatment unit flow out from each device, the sludge and the sewage are connected through a pipeline, and enter a sewage discharge pipe positioned at the side of the fish culturing cabin close to the waterline and are discharged to the outside of the ship, and the discharge pipe is opened on the sea surface;
f. the water quality probe monitors the culture water quality in real time and has an alarm function.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The deep-open sea fishery production platform is movable, and is supplied by using a transport ship, so that the marine fishery production platform can operate in a deep-open sea area for a long time.
The aquaculture engineering ship is not only an adult fish aquaculture farm, but also a nursery and a feed storage farm, and can be used as a fish harvesting and processing place, the deep water net cage at the tail of the ship body expands the aquaculture volume, the production scale is increased, and the aquaculture varieties are increased.
The deep-open sea area is rich in high-quality deep water resources, and the ocean self-cleaning capability is strong, so that continuous new water supplement is provided for cultivation production, the environmental pollution burden is not increased for the cultivation sea area, and the environmental protection dilemma of land-based and offshore cultivation is avoided.
The aquaculture engineering ship is almost completely isolated from the outboard water environment, and the aquaculture water quality can be completely controlled through the raw water treatment system and the circulating water aquaculture water treatment unit, so that the influence of the external water environment on the aquaculture objects is reduced, the parasite harm of fishes is reduced, the stable and controllable whole-course aquaculture environment is realized, and the aquaculture risk is reduced.
The variable water temperature water taking device can be used for collecting constant-temperature sea water in different water depths according to the water temperature requirements of the breeding objects, increases the variety of the aquacultural aquatic products, expands the operation region range of the industrial ship, and can be used for breeding cold water fishes (salmon) in tropical regions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without giving inventive effort to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the anchoring system, the marine aquaculture vessel, and the deepwater net cage of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the deep water cage and feeding shop of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic working diagram of the water-changing layer temperature measurement water intake device and the circulating water cultivation workshop of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal part of the present invention;
10. The system comprises a breeding ship 20, a deepwater net cage 30, an anchoring system 40, a seedling raising workshop 50, a feeding workshop 60, a fish raising cabin 61, a purified water hanging cabin 70, a water treatment unit 80, a raw water treatment system 90, a storage bin 100, a central automatic feeding machine 110, a fixed feeding machine 120, a pneumatic feeding machine 130, a feed transmission pipeline 140, a fish slaughtering and packaging production line 150, a refrigeration and freezing warehouse 160, a sewage outlet 170 and a water-changing layer temperature measurement water taking device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed drawings in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the implementation of the invention easy to understand.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the invention discloses a large deep-open sea industrial and marine net cage integrated fishery production platform, which comprises an aquaculture industrial and marine vessel 10, a deep-water net cage 20, an anchoring system 30, a transport vessel and an auxiliary operation vessel, wherein the anchoring system 30, the aquaculture industrial and marine vessel 10 and the deep-water net cage 20 are arranged in a straight line;
The aquaculture work boat 10 is internally provided with a circulating water aquaculture workshop, a seedling raising workshop 40, a feeding workshop 50, a processing and storage system and a management and control system (not shown in the figure); the transport ship is used for transporting parent fish, fish fries, feed and supplies required by the whole platform, which are required by the aquaculture industry ship, and product fish processed by the processing storage system and/or living fish cultured in the circulating water aquaculture workshop between the Liu Jiji land and the platform.
The circulating water cultivation workshop consists of a cultivation cabin, a water treatment unit 70 and a raw water treatment system 80, wherein the cultivation cabin body is of an octagonal structure and comprises water inlet and outlet pipes, the cultivation cabins are isolated in a watertight manner, the cultivation cabin is positioned at the middle lower layer of the cultivation cabin body of the cultivation ship and consists of a plurality of fish cultivation cabins 60 and a purified water hanging cabin 61 according to functions, and each fish cultivation cabin 60 is provided with a set of water treatment unit 70; the purification hanging water cabin 61 is a running water system, and the water source is from a water temperature changing water taking device 170 positioned on one side of the deck; the water treatment unit 70 comprises water treatment facilities such as solid-liquid separation, microfiltration, protein removal, biological filtration, carbon dioxide removal, oxygenation, sterilization and the like, and is used for recycling after the water body of the breeding pond is treated cleanly, so that the water quality is ensured to meet the requirements of the cultured fish.
The deepwater net cage 20 is positioned on the sea surface at the tail of the breeder ship 10 and is connected with the tail of the breeder ship through a fixed rod; the deep water net cage is of a cylindrical cone bottom structure, the bottoms are gathered so as to be convenient for collecting feces and dead fishes, the diameter is 40m, and the depth is 20m; the bottom of the deepwater net cage is uniformly distributed with drop anchors, and the deepwater net cage is at least one group, two groups are connected into a whole by a frame; the deepwater net cage is provided with a ballast tank which can float or submerge under the water surface through discharging or ballasting; the deepwater net cage comprises a double-layer net, wherein the inner layer is a flexible net, and the outer layer is a rigid enemy-preventing net; the deepwater net cage is provided with an emergency aeration pipeline, and an air pump positioned in the breeder ship provides an air source for oxygenation under the emergency anoxic condition.
The mooring system 30 is a single-point mooring device, which comprises a pontoon floating on the sea surface and a catenary type anchor chain fixed on the sea bottom, wherein the single-point mooring device is fixed on the sea bottom through the catenary type anchor chain, preferably, the single-point mooring device is arranged at 2-4 positions in different sea areas, a lower anchor point is determined according to the water quality of the sea area and the occurrence frequency of typhoons, and the anchor point distance is determined according to the radius of typhoons and the navigation speed of a worker ship; the aquaculture worker ship is fixed on the single-point mooring device through a cable, and the deepwater net cage is connected to the tail of the aquaculture worker ship through a fixing rod.
The nursery site 40 is located within the farming vessel 10 and includes parent fish sites and fry sites.
The feeding workshop 50 is positioned in the aquaculture worker ship 10, and comprises a fish tank feeding system and a deepwater net cage feeding system, wherein the fish tank feeding system is used for fish tank aquaculture in a ship body, and the deepwater net cage feeding system is used for deepwater net cage aquaculture; the fish tank feeding system comprises a feed bin 90, a central automatic feeding machine 100, a feed transmission pipeline 130, a fixed feeding machine 110 and underwater video monitoring, the deepwater net cage feeding system comprises a feed bin 90, a pneumatic feeding machine 120, a feed transmission pipeline 130 and underwater video monitoring, the fixed feeding machine 110 is positioned above each fish tank 60, and the feed transmission pipeline 130 is led out by the pneumatic feeding machine 120 and then transmitted to each deepwater net cage 20; the underwater video monitoring consists of an underwater camera, a transmission line and a video terminal and is used for observing the ingestion state of the fish; the bin 90, the central automatic feeding machine 100 and the pneumatic feeding machine 120 are all located in the feeding workshop 50, and a pipeline is arranged at the upper end of the bin 90 and is directly connected with a ship deck for feeding fodder.
The processing and warehousing system is located in the breeder ship 10 and comprises an automatic fish slaughtering and packaging production line 140 and a refrigerated-freezing warehouse 150, wherein the automatic slaughtering production line 140 and the refrigerated-freezing warehouse 150 are located at the upper layer of the cabin body of the breeder ship 10.
The management control system is used for providing power for the aquaculture worker ship and the internal equipment, monitoring the running state of the equipment and controlling the equipment; the internal equipment is equipment on a fishery production platform.
The aquaculture engineering ship 10 further comprises a variable water layer temperature measurement water intake device 170 positioned at one side of a deck, and is composed of a water intake pump, a water intake pipe and a hose winch, wherein one end of the water intake pipe is inserted into a water layer with a certain depth, a water temperature monitoring probe feeds back water temperature data in real time, deep seawater with proper water temperature is pumped up through pumping, and after being treated by a raw water treatment system 80, the deep seawater flows into a purified water hanging cabin 61 for hanging fish for sale, the water discharged from the purified water hanging cabin 61 flows into a water treatment unit 70 of each set of circulating water cultivation system in a dispersed manner through a distribution pipe for supplementing fresh water for cultivation, the daily fresh water exchange rate is 100%, namely the daily fresh water exchange is completed once daily; the side of the fish-farming chamber 60 near the waterline is provided with a sewage discharge pipe, and the excess sewage discharged by the farming system is collected into the pipe and discharged to the outside of the ship through a sewage outlet 160, and the sewage outlet of the sewage discharge pipe is opened on the sea surface.
The breeding cabins (including the fish breeding cabin 60 and the purifying water hanging cabin 61) are positioned at the middle lower layer of the cabin body of the breeding ship 10, and the seedling raising workshop 40, the feeding workshop 50, the automatic fish slaughtering production line 140 and the refrigerating and freezing warehouse 150 are positioned at the upper layer of the cabin body of the breeding ship 10.
The breeding ship can be modified from the existing bulk carrier or newly built according to the prototype design of the bulk carrier, the design speed per hour is 12kn (sea/hour), and the typhoon resistance grade is 12 grade; the whole aquaculture water body volume can reach 8 ten thousand cubic meters, the whole ship is provided with 18 fish cabins, wherein 16 fish cabins and 2 purified water hanging cabins are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the fish cabins, the cabin body is of an octagonal structure, the diameter-depth ratio is 1:1-2:1, water inlet pipes are respectively distributed at four corners of the cabin body, water is discharged from the center of the cabin body in double manners, an insulating layer is sprayed on the surface of the pool body, and a suspended walking platform is designed around the cabin body; 1 fish-farming cabin is provided with 1 set of water treatment unit to form a set of circulating water culture system, watertight isolation is realized among the cabin bodies and between the cabin bodies and the water treatment unit, and the communication working pipeline is welded and sealed; a total of 16 sets of circulating water culture systems are sequentially arranged from the head to the tail of the ship body, and the serial numbers are from the first system to the sixteen system; the oxygen source of the water treatment unit is an oxygen generator for producing oxygen, the oxygen dissolution is completed by a high-pressure oxygen cone, the oxygen cone and the ultraviolet lamp are arranged in parallel, and the split flow treatment is carried out; the circulation power is 4 high-power axial flow pumps for pumping water, and the circulation times are 1 time per hour; the particulate matter removing facility comprises a vortex separator and a micro-filter, wherein the deposited excrement at the bottom of the vortex separator is periodically discharged, the aperture of a screen mesh of the micro-filter is about 40-50 mu m, and effluent enters the next water treatment link; the biological filtration is a fixed bed and a K5 filler moving bed, and the bottom fan is used for aeration; the carbon removing facility is a Bio-block filler negative pressure degasser.
Example 1
The invention relates to an operation method of a large-scale deep open sea industrial ship net cage integrated fishery production platform, which takes Atlantic salmon and grouper cultivation in south China sea as an example, and comprises the following working procedures:
mounting connection of (one) platform
A. According to the requirements of water quality and climate, selecting a south sea area with a depth line of 200-500 m in the southeast part of Guangdong province, wherein the annual water temperature change range of the deep water layer is 12-15 ℃, and the method is suitable for the growth of Atlantic salmon; the surface seawater temperature is 22-30 ℃, which is suitable for the growth of the groupers;
b. In order to avoid super typhoons (greater than 12 levels), four positions are determined to be placed and anchored in a selected suitable sea area according to typhoon radius, historical path and engineering ship design navigational speed, wherein the coordinates are (21.74 DEG N,117.55 DEG E), (20.68 DEG N,115.78 DEG E), (21.47 DEG N,116.43 DEG E) and (20.15 DEG N,114.97 DEG E) respectively; transporting the single-point mooring device to a target sea area, and anchoring and fixing;
c. the marine craft 10 sails to the target sea area, the bow is connected with a preset mooring system 30 (single point mooring device) through a cable;
d. After the deep water net cage 20 is built on land, towing the deep water net cage to a target sea area by a towing ship to finish connection with the tail part of a worker ship;
e. the water layer changing temperature measuring water taking device 170 lowers a hose so that the water taking suction port reaches a target water layer;
f. the feed transmission pipeline 130 for the deepwater net cage 20 is led out from the feeding workshop 50 of the industrial ship, is arranged on the deepwater net cage 20 and is fixedly connected with the deepwater net cage 20.
(II) seedling and cultivation
A. Atlantic salmon is cultivated in a fish cabin 60 of the cultivation ship, and the pearl gentian grouper is cultivated in a deepwater net cage 20;
b. According to the design density of a culture system in the culture engineering ship 20 of 80kg/m 3 and 8 square water body, the weight of the culture engineering ship is harvested to 7kg, and about 100 ten thousand salmon (Atlantic salmon which can enter the sea for life) need to be reduced in a year are calculated, and the culture is carried out in batches of about 25 ten thousand salmon in each batch, four batches in a year; sea salmon is transported to a breeder ship from a land base by a live fish transport ship in a specification of 120-200g through fish egg hatching, breeding, vaccination and silvering in a freshwater nursery at Liu Jiji land, and pumped into a fish cabin by a fish pump (a first system); according to 2 deepwater net cages for grouper cultivation, the total water body of the net cages is 50000 cubes, the maximum cultivation density is 20kg/m 3, the weight of the harvested groupers is 800g, and the number of required groupers is calculated to be about 125 ten thousand; the parent fish of the pearl gentian grouper is transported from Liu Jiji places in a parent fish workshop, sperm and ovum are collected, insemination and hatching are carried out, the parent fish is cultivated to 150g in a fry workshop, and the parent fish is transported to a deepwater net cage for cultivation by a live fish transport ship;
c. The young fish of proper age is respectively put into the fish-raising cabin 60 and the deepwater net cage 20 of the aquaculture worker ship according to the designed young fish putting amount;
d. performing feeding management and production management according to biological requirements of cultured fish varieties;
e. and carrying out weight monitoring, cabin turning and grading on the cultured fish according to the production plan.
(III) feeding
A. The transport ship transports the special artificial compound feed for salmon and groupers from the land-based feed factory to the platform breeding ship;
b. The feed particles are pumped out of the transport vessel by a pneumatic pump, the feed is conveyed into the feed bin by the opening of the deck of the industrial vessel, and the feed with different particle sizes is stored in different feed bins 90;
c. Starting the central automatic feeder 100 to feed the stationary feeder 110 above each atlantic salmon rearing compartment 60;
d. According to a set program, the fixed type feeding machine 110 carries out spraying feeding in a timing and quantitative mode, the spraying range covers the whole water surface of the fish culture cabin, the daily feeding times and time are formulated according to a feeding plan, the seedling stage is 120-500g, 8 times, 500-1500g,6 times, 1500-3500g and 4-6 times; 3500g or more, 3 times; the feeding time is uniformly distributed and is arranged at the working time as much as possible;
e. starting a pneumatic feeding machine 120, starting an air compressor to pneumatically convey feed particles to a deepwater net cage 20 through a pipeline, spraying the feed particles onto the water surface, and finishing feeding the groupers, wherein the feeding times are 3 times a day, namely 8 early days, 12 midday and 5 afternoon;
f. And manually observing underwater video monitoring to judge the satiety degree of the fish in real time and adjusting the feeding speed.
(IV) harvesting and processing
A. When Atlantic salmon grows to the average weight of 7kg, pumping and transferring the fish body into a purified water hanging cabin by a fish sucking pump for hanging and raising for 7-10 days; when the groupers in the net cage grow to 800g in average weight, the live fish transporting ship is started to the side of the net cage, the fish is sucked into the cabin by the shipborne fish sucking pump, and then transferred to the purifying water hanging cabin in the industrial ship to finish harvesting operation, and the fish is hung and raised for 3-5 days;
c. after the hanging and raising are finished, the Atlantic salmon and the grouper are pumped to a fish slaughtering production line for slaughtering, packaging and storing.
D. the harvested groupers and the processed fish products are transported by a transport ship to land for sale.
Fifth, water supply and drainage and cultivation water treatment:
a. Cold seawater with the water depth of 300 meters is collected by the water-changing layer temperature measuring water taking device 170 and is used for the culture of Atlantic salmon, the water temperature is 12-15 ℃, the flow is 80000-100000 cubic meters per day, the water intake is adjusted along with the change of the air temperature in the sea area in the season, and when the air temperature is increased, the water intake is correspondingly increased;
b. The collected water firstly enters a raw water treatment system 80, and is subjected to filtration and aeration treatment to remove the satiated gas in the deep sea water and simultaneously filter out the particulate matters;
c. Then flows into the purified water hanging cabin 61, the fish to be collected is hung in the cabin to empty foreign matters in the body, and the outlet water flows into the water treatment unit 70 of the fish raising cabin to be used as fresh water for raising to be supplemented;
d. The water discharged from the fish-farming cabin contains high-concentration particles, ammonia nitrogen, carbon dioxide and the like, and flows into water treatment equipment such as a micro-filter, a biological filter, a carbon remover and the like respectively, and after being purified, the water is subjected to oxygen increasing through an oxygen cone to complete water treatment circulation, and then flows back into the fish-farming cabin, wherein the oxygen source is oxygen production by an oxygen generator;
e. after the sludge and the sewage of the water treatment unit 70 flow out from each device, the sludge and the sewage are connected through a pipeline, and enter a sewage discharge pipe positioned at the side of the breeding fish cabin close to the waterline and are discharged to the outside of the ship, and the discharge pipe is opened on the sea surface;
f. The water quality probe monitors the water quality of the culture in real time, has the functions of alarming and automatic compensation, starts alarming when the dissolved oxygen O 2<6mg/l,CO2 is more than 20mg/l and the water temperature is more than 18 ℃, and simultaneously automatically opens the emergency oxygenation valve to compensate oxygen.
And (six) an emergency typhoon avoiding method:
a. Real-time monitoring typhoon forecast, predicting typhoon paths in advance, and determining transition places according to the typhoon paths;
b. The deep water net cage is retracted into the breeder ship from the net cage by a feed transmission pipeline, and the deep water taking pipe is lifted;
c. disconnecting the breeder ship 10 from the mooring system 30 (single point mooring device) and the deepwater net cage 20, and dragging the deepwater net cage to the single point mooring device by a tugboat (auxiliary operation ship) to be connected with the deepwater net cage;
d. ballasting a ballast tank of the deepwater net cage to submerge the net cage below the water surface;
e. starting the breeding boat to reach the transition place, and stopping feeding before and after transition.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The operation method of the large deep open sea industrial ship net cage integrated fishery production platform is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Mounting connection of platforms
A. transporting the single-point mooring device to a target sea area, and anchoring and fixing;
b. the cultivation ship is opened to the target sea area and connected with the single-point mooring device;
c. after the deep water net cage is built on land, towing the deep water net cage to a target sea area by a towing ship to finish connection with the tail part of a culturing worker;
d. the water layer changing temperature measuring water taking device is provided with a hose, so that the water taking suction port reaches the target water layer;
e. the auxiliary operation ship assists in leading out the feed transmission pipeline for the deepwater net cage from the feeding workshop of the industrial ship, arranging the feed transmission pipeline on the deepwater net cage, and connecting and fixing the feed transmission pipeline;
(2) Seedling and cultivation
A. Respectively throwing the young fish of proper age into a fish-farming cabin and a deep water net cage;
b. Performing feeding management and production management;
c. monitoring the weight of the cultured fish, rotating the cabin and grading;
(3) Feeding with a feeding device
A. transporting the artificial compound feed from the land-based base to the breeder ship by the transport ship;
b. the feed particles are pumped out of the transport ship by the pneumatic pump, the feed is conveyed into the feed bin by the opening of the deck of the breeder ship, and the feed with different particle sizes is stored in different feed bins;
c. Starting a central automatic feeding machine, and conveying feed into a fixed feeding machine above each fish raising cabin through a feed conveying pipeline;
d. Starting a pneumatic feeding machine, starting an air compressor to pneumatically convey feed particles to a deep water net cage through a feed conveying pipeline, and spraying the feed particles to the water surface to finish feeding;
(4) Harvesting and processing
A. when the cultured fish reaches commodity specifications, transferring the fish to a purified water hanging cabin for hanging and culturing, wherein hanging and culturing time is determined according to fish species characteristics and quality control standards;
b. the fish body in the industrial ship fish-farming cabin is pumped and transferred by a fish pump, and the fish body in the deepwater net cage is transferred to a purifying water-hanging cabin in the industrial ship by an auxiliary operation ship;
c. after hanging, the fish is pumped to a fish slaughtering production line by a fish pump for slaughtering, packaging and storing,
D. The harvested live fish and processed fish products may be transported by a transport vessel to a land-based base;
(5) Water supply and drainage and aquaculture water treatment
A. Cold sea water is collected through a water-changing layer temperature measuring water taking device and is used for the culture of Atlantic salmon;
b. The collected water firstly enters a raw water treatment system, and the supersaturated gas in the deep sea water is removed through filtration and aeration treatment, and meanwhile, the particulate matters are filtered;
c. Then flowing into a purified water hanging cabin, hanging water in the cabin for fish to be collected, evacuating foreign matters in the body, and flowing out water into a water treatment unit of the fish raising cabin;
d. Then respectively flowing into a micro-filter, a biological filter and a carbon remover, purifying, then carrying out oxygen enrichment through an oxygen cone to complete water treatment circulation, and then flowing back into a fish-farming cabin, wherein the oxygen source is oxygen production by an oxygen generator;
e. after the sludge and sewage of the water treatment unit flow out from each device, the sludge and the sewage are connected through a pipeline, and enter a sewage discharge pipe positioned at the side of the fish culturing cabin close to the waterline and are discharged to the outside of the ship, and the discharge pipe is opened on the sea surface;
f. The water quality probe monitors the aquaculture water quality in real time and has the functions of alarming and automatic compensation, and when the alarming is started, the emergency oxygenation valve is opened to automatically compensate oxygen;
(6) The method for avoiding the typhoons comprises the following steps:
a. Real-time monitoring typhoon forecast, predicting typhoon paths in advance, and determining transition places according to the typhoon paths;
b. The deep water net cage is retracted into the breeder ship from the net cage through a feed transmission pipeline, and a deep water intake pipe is lifted;
c. Disconnecting the aquaculture engineering ship from the anchoring system and the deepwater net cage, and dragging the deepwater net cage to the single-point mooring device by a tugboat to connect with the single-point mooring device;
d. ballasting a ballast tank of the deepwater net cage to submerge the net cage below the water surface;
e. starting the breeding worker to reach a transition place, and stopping feeding before and after transition;
the fishery production platform includes:
the cultivation ship is internally provided with a circulating water cultivation workshop, and the circulating water cultivation workshop consists of a cultivation cabin, a water treatment unit and a raw water treatment system; the culture cabin is positioned at the middle lower layer of the culture work ship cabin body and consists of a plurality of fish culture cabins and a purifying hanging water cabin, and each fish culture cabin is provided with a set of water treatment unit;
The deepwater net cage is positioned on the sea surface at the tail of the aquaculture worker and is connected with the tail of the aquaculture worker through a fixing rod;
The mooring system is a single-point mooring device and comprises a pontoon floating on the sea surface and a catenary type anchor chain fixed on the sea bottom, and the aquaculture worker ship is fixed on the single-point mooring device through a mooring rope;
The seedling raising workshop is positioned in the breeding worker ship;
The feeding workshop is positioned in the aquaculture engineering ship, and comprises a fish cabin feeding system and a deepwater net cage feeding system, wherein the fish cabin feeding system is used for fish cabin aquaculture in the ship body, and the deepwater net cage feeding system is used for deepwater net cage aquaculture;
the processing storage system is positioned in the breeder ship and comprises an automatic fish slaughtering and packaging production line and a refrigeration and freezing warehouse, and the automatic slaughtering production line and the refrigeration and freezing warehouse are positioned on the upper layer of the breeder ship cabin;
The management control system is used for providing power for the aquaculture worker, the internal equipment and monitoring the running state of the equipment and controlling the equipment;
The aquaculture engineering ship also comprises a water-changing layer temperature-measuring water-taking device positioned at one side of the deck, and the device consists of a water-taking water pump, a water-taking pipe and a hose winch, wherein one end of the water-taking pipe is inserted into a water layer with a certain depth, and the other end of the water-taking pipe is connected into a purified water-hanging cabin through a raw water treatment system and then flows into the fish-culturing cabin; the side of the fish-farming cabin close to the waterline is provided with a sewage discharge pipe, the sewage discharged by the culture system is collected into the pipe and discharged to the outside of the ship through a sewage outlet, and the sewage outlet of the sewage discharge pipe is opened on the sea surface;
The fish cabin feeding system comprises a feed bin, a central automatic feeding machine, a feed transmission pipeline, a fixed feeding machine and underwater video monitoring, the deepwater net cage feeding system comprises the feed bin, a pneumatic feeding machine, a feed transmission pipeline and underwater video monitoring, the fixed feeding machine is positioned above each fish cabin, and the feed transmission pipeline is led out by the pneumatic feeding machine and then is transmitted to each net cage;
The deep open sea fishery production platform is movable and is supplied by a transport ship.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mooring system, the farming vessel and the deepwater net cage are arranged in a straight line.
3. The method for operating a large-scale deep-open-sea industrial and marine net cage integrated fishery production platform according to claim 1, wherein the number of the deep-water net cages is at least one, each two, the deep-water net cages are connected into a whole through a frame, and the deep-water net cages are of cylindrical cone bottom structures.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the deep water cage is provided with ballast tanks which can be floated or submerged by ballast or by ballast removal.
5. The method for operating a large-scale deep-open-sea industrial and marine cage-integrated fishery production platform according to claim 4, wherein the deep-water cage comprises a double-layer netting, the inner layer is a flexible netting, and the outer layer is a rigid enemy-preventing netting.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the deep water net cage is provided with an emergency aeration pipeline, and an air pump in the marine of the breeder provides an air source for oxygenation in case of emergency hypoxia.
7. The method for operating a large-scale deep open sea industrial ship net cage integrated fishery production platform according to claim 1, wherein the underwater video monitoring comprises an underwater camera, a transmission line and a video terminal, and is used for observing the feeding state of fish.
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