CN109750012A - 一种脂肪酶突变体及其应用 - Google Patents
一种脂肪酶突变体及其应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109750012A CN109750012A CN201910235194.6A CN201910235194A CN109750012A CN 109750012 A CN109750012 A CN 109750012A CN 201910235194 A CN201910235194 A CN 201910235194A CN 109750012 A CN109750012 A CN 109750012A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lipase
- mutant
- thr
- lipase mutant
- val
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000235528 Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012408 PCR amplification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 150000002669 lysines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical group 0.000 description 8
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
发明属于生物工程技术领域,公开了一种脂肪酶突变体及其应用,所述的脂肪酶突变体的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示,脂肪酶突变体由编码华根霉脂肪酶氨基酸序列序列2中的135位赖氨酸变为苏氨酸而获得,其编码基因如SEQ ID NO.3所示。该突变体具有较理想耐热特性,因此特别适合工业化大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物工程技术领域,涉及一种脂肪酶突变体及其应用。
背景技术
脂肪酶(EC 3.1.1.3,)属羧基酯水解酶,是一类特殊的酯酶,能逐步地将甘油三酯水解成脂肪酸、二酸甘油酯、单酸甘油酯及甘油;同时它还能催化酯的酸解、醇解、氨解以及转酯化和酯合成等反应。它以其特殊的生理生化特性被广泛地应用到生物能源、油脂加工、食品加工、皮革加工以及饲料添加等过程中。脂肪酶在生物柴油制备产业、再生能源的开发和环境保护中起着至关重要。在工业生产过程中,酶制剂往往会经历高温环境,而天然脂肪酶耐热性普遍较差,生产过程损失率高达70%—80%。天然脂肪酶在高温下失活的这一缺点,致使工业生产的成本大幅度升高,限制了脂肪酶在工业中的应用。
华根霉脂肪酶的热稳定性比较差,工业生产损失量比较大,因此生产成本也会大幅度提高。若能将华根霉脂肪酶的热稳定性提高,则其生产成本也会随之下降。因此,本发明通过对华根霉脂肪酶基因上的改造使其成为一种耐热性比较高的脂肪酶。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种脂肪酶突变体及其应用,旨在解决华根霉脂肪酶的耐热性较差和在工业生产上不理想的问题。
本发明具体通过以下技术方案实现:
一种脂肪酶突变体,该突变体由华根霉脂肪酶的氨基酸序列经取代得到,所述的华根霉脂肪酶氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
具体的,所述的脂肪酶突变体由华根霉脂肪酶氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO.1中第135位赖氨酸变为苏氨酸而获得。
本发明所述的脂肪酶突变体的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
所述的脂肪酶突变体的酶促反应最适pH值为9.0;最适温度为35℃;在pH4-pH10、37℃条件下,pH耐受1小时,残活还在50%,在pH8-pH10、37℃条件下,pH耐受1小时,残活还在80%以上,脂肪酶在50℃耐受75min、60℃时耐受30min残活都在50%以上。
在本发明另一方面,所述的氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO.2经修饰、缺失或添加一或几个氨基酸获得氨基酸序列,且保持只有90%的同源性的序列也在本发明的保护范围内。
所述的脂肪酶突变体编码基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示。
在本发明另一方面,与所述的编码基因SEQ ID NO.3编码相同蛋白质,但因遗传密码的简并性而与SEQ ID NO.3所示的核苷酸序列或其互补序列不同的核苷酸序列也在本发明的保护范围内。
在本发明另一方面,本发明还包括携带有编码基因序列为SEQ ID NO.3的脂肪酶突变体的质粒。
本发明一并提供上述脂肪酶突变体的构建方法,包括以下步骤:
1)以华根霉脂肪酶基因连接到载体上的重组质粒为模板,设计引物进行突变PCR扩增;
2)添加lμLDMT消化酶于PCR产物中,混匀,孵育70min;
3)加入l0μL消化产物于DMT感受态细胞中,经冰浴冷却、热激、冷却后,加500μL LB培养基,37℃180转培养1h,离心保留部分上清液,悬浮沉淀,取全部菌液涂板,37℃过夜培养;
4)进行阳性克隆子筛选验证,挑取单菌落于相应抗性的LB培养基中,培养2-3h后PCR鉴定,将筛选出的阳性克隆子送出测序,测序结果与原序列比对。
在本发明另一方面,本发明还提供了一种脂肪酶突变体的基因的工程菌,所述的工程菌含有具有SEQ ID NO.3所示基因的载体。
所述的工程菌通过将SEQ ID NO.3所示的基因克隆到表达载体上,然后进行细胞转化,获得重组基因工程菌。
本发明所述的编码基因SEQ ID NO.3的表达载体选自pPIC9K、pPIC9、pPICZaA\B\C、pPICZA\B\C或PGAPZaA\B\C。
在本发明另一方面,本发明提供的脂肪酶突变体在饲料添加剂中的应用也在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提供一种脂肪酶突变体,该突变后的基因除与pPIC9K构建重组质粒外,还可以与pPIC9、pPICZaA\B\C、pPICZA\B\C、PGAPZaA\B\C等表达载体构建重组质粒,转化相应宿主菌中,通过在平板中加入G418、Zeocin等抗生素,筛选获得脂肪酶突变体基因工程菌,然后通过发酵获得新的脂肪酶突变体。使其成为耐热性高的脂肪酶,该脂肪酶的突变体与脂肪酶在高温下耐受经实验证明,无论在任何温度和时间下,突变后的相对酶活都高于突变前的,在50℃耐受120min脂肪酶突变体相对酶活大约还有71.35%,而野生型脂肪酶仅仅剩余28.24%。在60℃时野生型脂肪酶相对酶活剩余一半时的时间大约为75min,而突变体相对酶活剩余一半时的时间大约为25min。该突变体的耐热性有了明显的提高,工业化生产中损失率有一定的降低。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的脂肪酶突变体的构建方法流程图;
图2是本发明实施例提供的最适pH的测定曲线图;
图3是本发明实施例提供的最适温度曲线图;
图4是本发明实施例提供的pH耐受曲线图;
图5是本发明实施例提供的50℃耐受曲线图;
图6是本发明实施例提供的60℃耐受曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明具体的实施例,对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
通过对对华根霉脂肪酶的蛋白质空间结构进行模拟分析,确定其突变位点为第135位赖氨酸突变成苏氨酸。具体实施方案为以华根霉脂肪酶基因为模板,通过基因的定点突变方法,将华根霉脂肪酶基因发生突变,获得了新的脂肪酶基因,将该突变基因与pPIC9、pPICZaA\B\C、pPICZA\B\C、PGAPZaA\B\C等载体相连构建重组质粒,转入相应宿主菌(GS115或X33、SMD1168、PICHIAPINK)中进行异源表达,发酵可以获得该脂肪酶突变体。该突变体能在酸性环境中很好发生作用,并且具有较理想耐热特性,适合耐高温制粒,因此适合工业上生产。
本发明实施例的脂肪酶突变后的突变体的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
1、实验材料和试剂:
基因来源菌株:由本实验室筛选并保存的华根霉Rhizopus chinensis CCTCCM201021;表达宿主菌及载体:GS115和pPIC9K均购于Novagen公司;脂肪酶重组质粒由实验室构建;宿主菌:DMT感受态细胞购于北京全式金公司。
主要试剂:DNAMarker、蛋白Marker(TaKaRa公司);定点突变试剂盒(北京全式金公司),PlasmidMini Kit I(Omega公司)。
实验仪器:离心机(Eppendorf);PCR扩增仪(Bio-Rad);核酸电泳仪(Bio-Rad);蛋白电泳仪(Amersham Bioscience);凝胶成像仪(Bio-Rad)。
主要培养基:YPD、LB、酵母发酵培养基(FA与FB)均按照“Invitrogen公司操作手册”的推荐方法来配制。
2、脂肪酶酶活力的测定
在一定条件下每分钟水解p-NP底物而生成1μmoL的对硝基苯酚所需要的酶量,即一个酶活单位,以U表示。
1)实验仪器:恒温水浴锅;pH仪器;酶标仪(Bio-Rad)等。
2)实验材料:对硝基苯酚棕榈酸酯(p-NPC16)(Sigma公司)。
3)溶液配制:
pH缓冲液:0.1mol/L一水合柠檬酸缓冲液和0.1mol/L磷酸缓冲液(pH2-7);
0.1mol/L Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH7-9);
0.1mol/L甘氨酸-NaOH缓冲液(pH9-12)。
底物溶液:10mmol/L对硝基苯酚棕榈酸酯(p-NPC16)。
4)采用对硝基苯酚法(p-nitrophenol):总体系为500μL,其中含有50mmol/L缓冲液420μL,10mmol/L底物p-NP 30μL和稀释的酶液50μL。底物和缓冲液混合后在反应温度下预热2min,加入稀释酶液混匀,反应5min加入50μL 1.0mol/L的SDS终止反应,并加入500μL1.0mol/L的Na2CO3显色;在波长为405nm下测定其OD值。
实施例1脂肪酶突变体的制备
如图1所示,本发明实施例的脂肪酶突变体的获得方法包括以下步骤:
(1)定点突变:华根霉脂肪酶基因连接到载体上的重组质粒为模板,按照试剂盒说明书配制50μL突变体系进行突变PCR扩增。
(2)突变PCR验证:取10μL突变产物,进行0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。条带正确后加1μLDMT消化酶于突变产物中,轻弹混匀,PCR仪中37℃孵育70min。
(3)转化:加入5μL突变后的产物于50μL DMT感受态细胞中,轻弹混匀,冰浴30min;42℃准确热激45s后立即置于冰上冷却l0min;加500μL LB培养基,180转,37℃培养lh;7000rpm离心3min,弃上部分清液,保留100-150μL上清轻弹悬浮菌体,取全部菌液涂板,37℃过夜培养。
(4)阳性克隆子验证:挑取单菌落于500μL相应抗性的LB培养基中,37℃200r/min培养2-3h后进行PCR阳性克隆鉴定;将筛选出的阳性克隆子送出测序,测序结果与原序列比对。
(5)找出突变正确的重组质粒;将突变质粒转入毕赤酵母GS115或X33、SMD1168、PICHIAPINK中进行表达,发酵并进行对比测酶活,研究酶学及应用特性。
其中,步骤(1)中定点突变引物如下:
F:ACCAAGTGGGACTGTACGCAATGTCTCAAG;
R:CTTACCATCAGGAACATACTTGAGACATTGCG。
华根霉脂肪酶基因突变,按上实验方法进行突变后送华大基因公司测序,结果如序列SEQ ID NO.2,对应脂肪酶核苷酸序列如序列SEQ ID NO.3,转化的酵母菌株具有脂肪酶活性,选取一株发酵酶活性单位高的菌株进行发酵获得酶液进行酶学性质测定。
实施例2脂肪酶最适pH测定
将缓冲液pH调成2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,将酶液稀释到适应的倍数,依照脂肪酶活测定方法在37℃测出最适pH之后在最大值两侧补半点继续检测最适值(例如最适pH为9,则再取pH8、8.5、9、9.5和10按照脂肪酶活测定方法进行测定)。
脂肪酶酶促反应最适pH值结果如图2所示。突变体与脂肪酶最适均为9,无明显变化。
实施例3脂肪酶最适温度测定
依照脂肪酶活测定方法测定,在上述最适pH的条件下,将反应物放在不同温度下反应10℃、20℃、30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃,测出最适温度后,在最大值两侧补半点(例如最适温度是40℃,则补充30℃、35℃、40℃、45℃、50℃按照脂肪酶活测定方法测定)。
脂肪酶酶促反应最适温度值如图3所示,突变体与脂肪酶最适温度为40。
实施例4脂肪酶pH耐受测定
将缓冲液调节到不同pH:2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,用这些不同的缓冲液稀释酶液,从放入酶液之时开始计时,稀释好的酶液放入37℃水浴锅中耐受1小时放后在冰上,立即按照脂肪酶活测定方法在最适pH和最适温度下进行反应。对照组的酶液是未耐受过的酶液。
由图4可知,两种脂肪酶的耐受曲线趋势是相同的,在pH为4-9之间37℃耐受1小时相对酶活有了明显的升高。
实施例5脂肪酶温度耐受测定
将酶液稀释到相应倍数,然后放入不同温度:50℃下耐受5min、10min、15min、20min、30min、40min、50min、65min、80min、100min、120min;和60℃下耐受1min、3min、6min、10min、15min、20min、25min、30min、35min、45min、60min、75min、90min之后按照脂肪酶活测定方法在最适pH和最适温度下反应。对照实验组酶液是未温度耐受过的酶液。
高温下脂肪酶的温度耐受情况如图5图6所示,随着温度的升高,相对酶活不断降低,随着时间的增加,相对酶活也逐渐降低。无论在任何温度和时间下,突变后的相对酶活都高于突变前的,在50℃耐受120min脂肪酶突变体相对酶活大约还有71.35%,而野生型脂肪酶仅仅剩余28.24%。在60℃时野生型脂肪酶相对酶活剩余一半时的时间大约为75min,而突变体相对酶活剩余一半时的时间大约为25min。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
序列表
<110> 云南师范大学
<120> 一种脂肪酶突变体及其应用
<160> 5
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gttcctgttg ctggtcataa aggttcagtc aaggcaacta atggtactga cttccaactc 60
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gatgccgaag cttactatat taacaagagc gttcaatggt accaagctca cggtggtaac 180
tacactgctc ttatcaagag agatactgaa accgtcggtg gtatgacctt ggatttgcct 240
gagaaccctc ctcctattcc tgccacgtcc actgctccta gctctgattc aggtgaagtt 300
gtcacagcca ctgctgctca aatcaaagag ctcactaact acgctggtgt tgctgctact 360
gcttactgta gaagtgtcgt tccaggtacc aagtgggact gtacgcaatg tctcaagtat 420
gttcctgatg gtaagcttat caagaccttc acttctcttc tcactgatac caatggtttt 480
atcttgagaa gtgatgctca aaagaccatc tatgttactt tcagaggtac taattccttc 540
agaagcgcta ttactgacat ggtcttcacc tttactgatt attctcctgt caagggtgcc 600
aaagttcacg ctggtttcct ttcctcatac aaccaagttg tcaaagacta cttccctgtc 660
gttcaagacc aattgaccgc ttaccctgac tataaggtca tcgtcaccgg tcactctctc 720
ggtggtgccc aagccttgct cgctggtatg gatctctacc aaagagaaaa gagattatct 780
cctaagaact tgagcatcta tactgttggt tgtcctagag tcggtaacaa tgcattcgct 840
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agctgtttgt aa 1092
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cttaccatca ggaacatact tgagacattg cg 32
Claims (9)
1.一种脂肪酶突变体,其特征在于,所述的脂肪酶突变体的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种脂肪酶突变体,其特征在于,所述的脂肪酶突变体由华根霉脂肪酶氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO.1中第135位取代获得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种脂肪酶突变体,其特征在于,所述的取代具体为赖氨酸变为苏氨酸。
4.编码权利要求1所述的脂肪酶突变体的DNA分子。
5.根据权利要求4所述的DNA分子,其特征在于,所述的DNA分子的核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO.3所示。
6.权利要求1所述的脂肪酶突变体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)以华根霉脂肪酶基因连接到载体上的重组质粒为模板,分别设计引物进行定点突变PCR扩增;
2)后加lμLDMT消化酶于突变PCR产物中,混匀,置于PCR仪中37℃孵育70min;
3)向50μLDMT感受态细胞中加入l0μL消化产物,经冰浴冷却、热激,再冷却后,加入500μL LB培养基,37℃180r/min培养1h,离心保留部分清液悬浮沉淀,取全部菌液涂板,于恒温培养箱37℃培养16h;
4)进行阳性克隆子筛选验证,挑取单菌落于LB培养基中,37℃180r/min培养2-3h后进行PCR鉴定,将筛选出的阳性克隆子送出测序,测序结果与原序列比对。
7.一种工程菌,其特征在于,包含具有SEQ ID NO.3所示基因的载体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的工程菌,其特征在于,所述的载体为pPIC9K、pPIC9、pPICZaA\B\C、pPICZA\B\C或PGAPZaA\B\C。
9.权利要求1所述的脂肪酶突变体在饲料添加剂中的应用。
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