CN109748936B - 一种有机金属配合物发光材料 - Google Patents

一种有机金属配合物发光材料 Download PDF

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CN109748936B
CN109748936B CN201711061744.4A CN201711061744A CN109748936B CN 109748936 B CN109748936 B CN 109748936B CN 201711061744 A CN201711061744 A CN 201711061744A CN 109748936 B CN109748936 B CN 109748936B
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于明泉
戴雷
蔡丽菲
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Guangdong Aglaia Optoelectronic Materials Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/107204 priority patent/WO2019085682A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种有机金属配合物发光材料,具有式(1)所述的结构式,其中A,B,C独立的为取代或非取代的C,N,O,S原子;链接A和B原子的虚线环为取代或非取代的共轭的环状结构;L1,L2,L3,L4独立的为单键或双键,其中L3和L4为所述链接A和B原子的共轭的环状结构的一部分;X,X1,Y,Y1独立的为C,N,O,S原子;Ar1和Ar2独立的为取代或非取代的共轭的环状结构;M为Pt,W,Au原子。本发明中的有机金属配合物具有高荧光量子效率,良好的热稳定性及低淬灭常数,可以制造高效率低效率滚降的红光OLED。

Description

一种有机金属配合物发光材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机金属配合物发光材料,尤其是用于OLED发光器件中,在发光层中起光子发射作用的掺杂剂。
背景技术
OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode,有机发光二极管)技术自1987年由柯达公司的邓青云博士首次发表相关工作(Organic electroluminescent diodes.AppliedPhysics Letters.1987,51卷,12期,913页)以来,到现在已经经过了30年的蓬勃发展。近5年OLED技术由于其独特性吸引了大量工业界的关注和投资。在显示领域,相比目前主流的LCD(Liquid Crystal Display,液晶显示)显示技术,OLED显示具有高亮度、高对比度、高分辨率、超薄显示、柔性显示的巨大优势;在照明领域,OLED照明具有高显色指数(CRI,ColorRendering Index)、平面光源、柔性光源等巨大优势。OLED发光技术目前面临最大的劣势,就是成本高,寿命短。
OLED器件由很多功能层构成。其中发光层中,发射绿光和红光的掺杂剂效果最好、应用最广的是磷光发光材料。目前常用的磷光发光材料有两种,一种是含有金属铱(Ir)的有机金属配合物,另一种是含有金属(Pt)的有机金属配合物。红光、绿光金属Ir配合物均有性能非常好的材料。
由于金属铱具有6个配位点,所以含有Ir的有机金属配合物具有正八面体的立体结构。用于合成Ir配合物的有机化合物配体大多数只有两个配位点,故而一个分子里需要有3个相同或不同的有机配体。绝大多数配体结构不对称,所以合成金属铱(Ir)的有机金属配合物的时候,会得到分子量完全一致、发光性能完全不同的两种构型,称为经式(mer)构型和面式(fac)构型。面式构型相对经式构型,具有更高的发光效率,但是将其分离出来具有很高的成本,尤其是工业生产过程中。为了解决这个问题,可以引入辅助配体(US6830828),也可以通过紫外线照射提高分子经式向面式构型的转化率。
金属铂具有4个配位点,可以通过设计四齿配体形成唯一构型,可以完全避免异构体的形成。Mark等人用卟啉作为配体,可以形成具有唯一构型的Pt有机金属配合物(US6303238),但是发光效果不好,器件的量子效率只有不到1%;Chi等设计了一系列具有席夫碱结构的四齿配体(US20050233167),其发光覆盖了绿光到红光区的波段。但目前仍存在红光分子的荧光量子效率低(40%左右)的问题。
发明内容
针对上述领域中的缺陷,本发明提供一种新型四配位有机金属配合物发光材料,其具有更加刚性的构型,可以用来制造高效率的红光OLED。
本发明还提供该发光材料的制备方法。
本发明还提供该发光材料制备的发光器件。
一种有机金属配合物发光材料,其结构如式I所示,
Figure GDA0001483208970000021
其中A,B,C独立的为取代或非取代的C,N,O,S原子;
链接A和B原子的虚线环为取代或非取代的共轭的环状结构;
L1,L2,L3,L4独立的为单键或双键,其中L3和L4为上述共轭环状结构的一部分;
X,X1,Y,Y1独立的为C,N,O,S原子;
Ar1和Ar2独立的为取代或非取代的共轭的环状结构;
M为Pt,W,Au原子;
如前文所述的“取代”,是指被选自但不限于氢、氘、硫、卤素、羟基、酰基、烷氧基、酰氧基、氨基、硝基、酰基氨基、氰基、羧基、苯乙烯基、氨基羰基、氨基甲酰基、苄基羰基、芳氧基、含1-30个C原子的饱和烷基链、含1-30个C原子的不饱和烷基链、含5-30个C原子的芳环、含5-30个C原子的杂芳环;
所述X、X1为N原子,Y、Y1为O原子,M为Pt原子。
如式(I)所述分子,其结构可以优选为如式(II)的结构,
Figure GDA0001483208970000031
其中m,n,p为0-30的整数;R1,R2,R3为D、E、F环上除氢以外的取代基,
R1,R2,R3独立的选自氘、硫、卤素、羟基、酰基、烷氧基、酰氧基、氨基、硝基、酰基氨基、氰基、羧基、苯乙烯基、氨基羰基、氨基甲酰基、苄基羰基、芳氧基、含1-30个C原子的饱和烷基、含1-30个C原子的不饱和烷基、含5-30个C原子的芳环基、含5-30个C原子的杂芳环基、相邻的R1、R2、R3之间可以独立的相互通过共价键连接成环;
D,E为含有5-30个C原子的芳环或杂芳环;F为含有9-30个C原子的芳环或杂芳环。
所述D为五元或六元芳环或杂环、苯并芳环或苯并杂环,所述E为五元或六元杂环或苯并杂环,所述F为二或三环芳香环,其中R1,R2,R3独立的选自卤素、含1-20个C原子的饱和烷基链、含6-20个C原子的芳环、含6-20个C原子的杂芳环、相邻的R1、R2、R3之间可以独立的相互通过共价键连接成环,其中m,n,p为0-10的整数。
所述D为苯环或萘环,所述E为吡啶环或喹啉环,所述F为萘环或蒽环,其中R1,R2,R3独立的选自卤素、含1-10个C原子的饱和烷基链、含6-10个C原子的芳环、含6-10个C原子的杂芳环、相邻的R1、R2、R3之间可以独立的相互通过共价键连接成环,其中m,n,p为0-6的整数。
所述D为苯环,所述E为吡啶环,所述F为萘环,其中R1为氢、卤素,所述R2、R3独立为氢、含1-10个C原子的饱和烷基链、含6-10个C原子的芳环,其中m,n,p为0-3的整数。
为了本申请的目的,除非另有指明,术语卤素、烷基、环烷基、芳基、酰基、烷氧基和杂环芳族体系或杂环芳族基团可有以下含义:
上述卤素或卤代包括氟、氯、溴和碘,优选F,Cl,Br,特别优选F或Cl,最优选F。
上述共轭的环状结构、芳基、芳基部分或芳族体系包括具有6-30个碳原子,优选6-20个碳原子,更优选6-10个碳原子并且由一个芳环或多个稠和的芳环组成的芳基。适宜的芳基为,例如苯基,萘基,苊基(acenaphthenyl),二氢苊基(acenaphthenyl),蒽基、芴基、菲基(phenalenyl)。该芳基可为未取代的(即所有能够取代的碳原子带有氢原子)或在芳基的一个、多于一个或所有可取代的位置上被取代。适宜的取代基为例如卤素,优选F、Br或Cl;烷基,优选具有1-20个,1-10个或1-8个碳原子的烷基,特别优选甲基、乙基、异丙基或叔丁基;芳基,优选可再次被取代的或是未取代C6芳基或芴基;杂芳基,优选含至少一个氮原子的杂芳基,特别优选吡啶基;烯基,优选具有一个双键的烯基,特别优选具有双键和1-8个碳原子的烯基。芳基尤其特别优选带有选自F和叔丁基的取代基,优选可为给定的芳基或任选被至少一个上述取代基取代的为C6芳基的芳基,C6芳基特别优选带有0、1或2个上述取代基,C6芳基尤其特别优选未取代的苯基或取代的苯基,诸如联苯基、被两个叔丁基优选在间位取代的苯基。
上述烷基或烷基部分包括具有1-20个碳原子,优选1-10个碳原子,优选1-6个碳原子的烷基。该烷基可为支链或直链的,也可以是环形的,并且可被一个或多个杂原子,优选N、O或S间断。而且,该烷基可被一个或多个卤素或上述的关于芳基的取代基所取代。同样,对于烷基而言,带有一个或多个芳基是可能的,所有上述的芳基均适用于该目的,烷基特别优选自甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、异丁基、正丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、异戊基、环丙基、环戊基、环己基。
上述酰基是以单键连接至CO基团的,如本文所用的烷基。
上述烷氧基是以单键与氧直接相连的,如本文所用的烷基。
上述杂芳族体系或杂芳族基团被理解为与芳族、C3-C8环基相关,并且还包含一个氧或硫原子或1-4个氮原子或一个氧或硫原子与最多两个氮原子的组合,和它们的取代的以及苯并吡啶并稠的衍生物,例如,经由其中一个成环碳原子相连,所述杂芳族体系或杂环芳族基团可被一个或多个提到的关于芳基的取代基所取代。
在某些实施方案中,杂芳基可为携带以上独立的含有0、1或2个取代基的五、六元芳族杂环体系。杂芳基的典型实例包括但不限于未取代的呋喃、苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、吡咯、吡啶、吲哚、唑、苯并唑、异唑、苯并异唑、噻唑、苯并噻唑、异噻唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、吡唑、吲唑、四唑、喹啉、异喹啉、哒嗪、嘧啶、嘌呤和吡嗪、呋喃、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、三唑、苯并三唑、喋啶、苯并唑、二唑、苯并吡唑、喹嗪、噌啉、酞嗪、喹唑和喹喔啉及其单-或二-取代的衍生物。在某些实施方案中,取代基为卤代、羟基、氰基、O-C1~6烷基、C1~6烷基、羟基C1~6烷基和氨基-C1~6烷基。
具有结构(II)的化学结构的有机金属配合物,为了实现红光发射,需要含有席夫碱的基本结构(即式中N原子与相邻原子形成的结构)。在背景中提到,具有席夫碱结构的Pt有机金属配合物的红光发射存在荧光量子效率偏低的问题。为了提高分子的荧光量子效率,有两个主要方法:1、引入强σ-给体配体;2、增强分子刚性,减少分子激发态下构型的扭曲(Chi,Chem.sci.,2016,7,1653)。在不改变分子的电子结构的情况下,扩大式II中D,E,F环的共轭面积,可以有效地提高分子的刚性。如此设计的分子在激发态下的振动便会受限,电子跃迁的模式会减少,这样可以直接提高分子的荧光量子效率。
在增强了核心的荧光量子效率的前提下,再通过向D、E、F环引入防聚集基团,可以抑制高激子浓度下,三线态激子的淬灭。如此便可以在保证高工作电流下的电流效率不发生明显变化的情况下,增加掺杂的浓度,进一步提高器件的工作效率。
如式(II)所示的具体实例,包括但不限于以下结构:
Figure GDA0001483208970000051
Figure GDA0001483208970000061
Figure GDA0001483208970000071
Figure GDA0001483208970000081
Figure GDA0001483208970000091
Figure GDA0001483208970000101
Figure GDA0001483208970000111
Figure GDA0001483208970000121
采用具有结构(II)的有机金属配合物,可制造热沉积和溶液处理的OLED。
包括含有一种或多种如权利要求1中所述的用于发光二极管的发光材料的有机发光器件。
其中通过热沉积在该器件中以层形式施加该用于发光二极管的发光材料。
其中通过旋涂在该器件中以层形式施加该用于发光二极管的发光材料。
其中通过喷墨打印在该器件中以层形式施加该用于发光二极管的发光材料。
上述有机发光器件,其中在对层施加电流时该器件发射单色-红色。
本发明中的有机金属配合物具有高荧光量子效率,良好的热稳定性及低淬灭常数,可以制造高效率低效率滚降的红光OLED。
附图说明
图1器件结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
实施例1:
Figure GDA0001483208970000122
分子的制备:
Figure GDA0001483208970000123
化合物1、2、4及反应过程中所用无机盐、催化剂、催化剂配体、溶剂均为市售原材料。
化合物3的合成:将18.6g(0.1mol)化合物1、15.2g(0.11mol)化合物2加入圆底烧瓶。再加入0.575g(0.001mol)Pd(dba)2,0.82g(0.002mol)SPhos,抽真空30分钟后充入氮气保护;400ml甲苯氮气鼓泡30min后,加入烧瓶;将150ml 2M浓度的碳酸钾水溶液氮气鼓泡30min后,加入烧瓶中。在氮气环境下反应12hr后,冷却,水洗,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤。有机相蒸除甲苯溶剂后,固体用正己烷/二氯甲烷体系重结晶。得到淡黄色固体18.3g,产率92%。质谱(APCI)m/z:199.
化合物5的合成:将10g(0.063mol)化合物4溶解于30ml乙醇中,加入33.3ml饱和亚硫酸氢钠水溶液,回流24小时。再加入66.7ml浓度为6M氢氧化钾水溶液,回流2hr。用稀盐酸酸化,乙酸乙酯萃取。收集有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,浓缩,得到棕红色固体8.14g,产率81%。质谱(APCI)m/z:159.
化合物6的合成:将5g(0.025mol)化合物3、4g(0.025mol)化合物5融于甲苯,氮气保护下回流12h,分水器除去生成的水。冷却后加入无水硫酸镁干燥,浓缩后甲苯重结晶,得到橘红色针状晶体8.1g,产率95%。质谱(APCI)m/z:340.
化合物S1的合成:将5g(0.0147mol)化合物6和2.4g无水醋酸钠(0.0294mol)溶于100ml DMSO中,搅拌,加热至80摄氏度。投入四氯铂酸钾6.10g(0.0147mol),升温到120摄氏度,反应5h。趁热加入500ml水,过滤,收集固体,水洗多次,少量甲醇冲洗。甲苯重结晶后,290摄氏度升华,得到深红色晶体5.48g,总产率70%。质谱(APCI)m/z:533.
实施例2:
Figure GDA0001483208970000131
分子的制备:
制备方法与S1分子的合成路线相同,唯一区别是使用化合物7替代化合物2。化合物7的分子式如式(III)所示:
Figure GDA0001483208970000132
化合物7的合成路线如下:
Figure GDA0001483208970000141
对比例E1结构如式(IV)所示:
Figure GDA0001483208970000142
化合物E1的合成参考专利US20050233167中的合成方法。质谱(APCI):510
下面是本发明化合物的应用实例。
器件结构如图1。
器件所用材料TCTA(4,4′,4″-Tri(9-carbazoyl)triphenylamine)、TAPC(1,1-Bis[4-[N,N’-di(p-tolyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane)、TmPYPB(1,3,5-tri[(3-pyridyl)-phen-3-yl]benzene)均为市售材料,其具体的结构分别如式(V)所示:
Figure GDA0001483208970000143
其他材料如ITO、LiF、Al也是市售材料。
器件制备方式:
首先,将透明导电ITO玻璃(带有阳极20的玻璃基板10)依次经洗涤剂溶液、去离子水、丙酮超声清洗、异丙醇蒸汽清洗,再用氧气等离子处理5分钟。
然后,在ITO上蒸镀40nm厚的TAPC作为空穴传输层30。
然后,蒸镀20nm厚的发光层40,其中主体材料为TCTA,掺杂1.5%质量浓度的有机金属配合物(掺杂剂)。
然后,蒸镀30nm厚的TmPYPB作为电子传输层50。
最后,蒸镀1nm厚的LiF作为电子注入层60和100nm金属Al作为阴极70。
器件1、2、3的结构和制作方法完全相同,区别在于依次使用有机金属配合物S1、S23、E1作为发光层中的掺杂剂。
器件对比结果如表1所示:
器件1 器件2 器件3
最大外量子效率 9.4% 13% 9.8%
100mA/cm<sup>-2</sup>下的外量子效率 6% 9% 4.5%
100mA/cm<sup>-2</sup>下的电流效率 11.7cd/A 14.3cd/A 10.8cd/A
CIE(x,y) 0.62,0.30 0.65,0.33 0.65,0.35
本发明所制备的有机电致发光器件的性能相对于基准器件具有不同程度的性能提升。

Claims (7)

1.一种有机金属配合物发光材料,具有如式(II)所示的结构,
Figure FDA0002978066670000011
其中m,n,p为0-30的整数;R1,R2,R3为D、E、F环上除氢以外的取代基,
R1,R2,R3独立的选自氘、卤素、羟基、酰基、烷氧基、酰氧基、氨基、硝基、酰基氨基、氰基、羧基、苯乙烯基、氨基羰基、芳氧基、含1-30个C原子的饱和烷基、含1-30个C原子的不饱和烷基、含5-30个C原子的芳环基、含5-30个C原子的杂芳环基、相邻的R1、R2、R3之间可以独立的相互通过共价键连接成环;
D,E为含有5-30个C原子的芳环或杂芳环;F为含有9-30个C原子的芳环或杂芳环。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发光材料,所述D为五元或六元的芳环或杂环、苯并芳环或苯并杂环,所述E为五元或六元的杂环或苯并杂环,所述F为二或三环芳香环,其中R1,R2,R3独立的选自卤素、含1-20个C原子的饱和烷基链、含6-20个C原子的芳环、含6-20个C原子的杂芳环、相邻的R1、R2、R3之间可以独立的相互通过共价键连接成环,其中m,n,p为0-10的整数。
3.根据权利要求2所述的发光材料,所述D为苯环或萘环,所述E为吡啶环或喹啉环,所述F为萘环或蒽环,其中R1,R2,R3独立的选自卤素、含1-10个C原子的饱和烷基链、含6-10个C原子的芳环、含6-10个C原子的杂芳环、相邻的R1、R2、R3之间可以独立的相互通过共价键连接成环,其中m,n,p为0-6的整数。
4.根据权利要求3所述的发光材料,所述D为苯环,所述E为吡啶环,所述F为萘环,其中R1为卤素,所述R2、R3独立为含1-10个C原子的饱和烷基链、含6-10个C原子的芳环,其中m,n,p为0-3的整数。
5.根据权利要求1所述的发光材料,所述式(II)具有如下结构:
Figure FDA0002978066670000021
Figure FDA0002978066670000031
Figure FDA0002978066670000041
Figure FDA0002978066670000051
Figure FDA0002978066670000061
Figure FDA0002978066670000071
Figure FDA0002978066670000081
6.根据权利要求5所述的发光材料,所述式(I)具有如下结构:
Figure FDA0002978066670000082
7.权利要求1-6任一所述的发光材料在有机发光半导体显示、有机发光半导体照明、太阳能光电池、有机薄膜半导体中的应用。
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