CN109738314B - Ultrasonic surface rolling tester and test method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic surface rolling tester and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109738314B CN109738314B CN201910012067.XA CN201910012067A CN109738314B CN 109738314 B CN109738314 B CN 109738314B CN 201910012067 A CN201910012067 A CN 201910012067A CN 109738314 B CN109738314 B CN 109738314B
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultrasonic surface rolling tester and a test method, wherein the tester comprises: a force value monitoring system, the force value monitoring system having a force sensor; the turning system comprises a turning base, a rotary mechanism and an axial feeding mechanism, wherein the bottom of the turning base is provided with a lower bearing seat which is in contact with the top surface of the force sensor, the axial feeding mechanism is fixed on the turning base, the rotary mechanism is arranged on the axial feeding mechanism, and the rotary mechanism is used for clamping a tested piece; a lifting device; the ultrasonic vibration system comprises an ultrasonic controller and an ultrasonic vibration device, and the ultrasonic vibration device is arranged on the lifting device; and the signal acquisition and processing system is connected with the force value monitoring system, the turning system, the lifting device and the ultrasonic vibration device. The device has the advantages of simple structure, high test precision, simple and convenient operation and low use and maintenance cost, and has high practical value and important practical significance for quantitatively researching the ultrasonic surface rolling process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantitative mechanics research of a metal component rolling process, in particular to an ultrasonic surface rolling tester and a test method.
Background
Compared with the static deformation process, the deformation resistance of the metal component can be obviously reduced in the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary deformation process, so that the tonnage and the power of metal component processing equipment are effectively reduced, the processing energy consumption is reduced, and the processing and manufacturing cost is greatly saved. As a new technology for strengthening the surface of a metal material, ultrasonic surface rolling has the advantages of multiple processes such as surface rolling, ultrasonic impact, surface mechanical grinding and the like, can generate a high-level and large-depth residual compressive stress field and a work hardening field on the surface of a component, close microcracks, refine a grain structure and improve the surface hardness and the finish, thereby obviously improving the mechanical properties such as fatigue, corrosion, frictional wear, corrosion fatigue and the like of the component. However, at present, it is difficult to perform quantitative mechanical research on the ultrasonic surface rolling process, and the main reason is lack of a suitable mechanical experimental device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides an ultrasonic surface rolling tester, which utilizes an ultrasonic vibration generator to provide high-frequency controllable vibration, the vibration direction is consistent with the static compression direction of a tested piece, a spherical rolling head at a working part can rotate freely, and the tested piece can realize axial reciprocating motion while rotating at high speed under the driving of a micro turning system, so that the ultrasonic surface rolling test of superposing an ultrasonic vibration load and a static compression load is realized. The specific scheme is as follows:
an ultrasonic surface rolling tester comprising:
a base;
the force value monitoring system is provided with a force sensor arranged on the base;
the turning system comprises a turning base, a rotary mechanism and an axial feeding mechanism, wherein the bottom of the turning base is provided with a lower bearing seat which is in contact with the top surface of the force sensor, the axial feeding mechanism is fixed on the turning base, the rotary mechanism is arranged on the axial feeding mechanism, and the rotary mechanism is used for clamping a tested piece;
the lifting device is arranged on the base;
the ultrasonic vibration system comprises an ultrasonic controller and an ultrasonic vibration device, wherein the ultrasonic vibration device is arranged on the lifting device and comprises an ultrasonic vibration generator and an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is arranged on the ultrasonic vibration generator, and the bottom end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is provided with a spherical rolling head;
and the signal acquisition and processing system is connected with the force value monitoring system, the turning system, the lifting device and the ultrasonic vibration device.
Furthermore, the tested piece is a cylinder, the surface roughness of the cylindrical surface is not more than Ra1.6 mu m, and the tolerance of the cylindrical surface in the full-length range of the cylinder is not more than 0.01 mm.
Further, the performance parameters of the force sensor are as follows: the force measuring range is-10 KN to 10KN, the force measuring precision is better than 0.025N, six force components can be monitored simultaneously, and the sampling frequency is higher than 200 KHz;
the performance parameters of the ultrasonic vibration generator are as follows: the vibration frequency is 15-45 KHz, and the amplitude range is 0-22 μm.
Further, the axial feeding mechanism comprises a rotating lead screw and a nut, and the rotating mechanism is fixed on the nut;
the swing mechanism comprises a motor and a chuck.
Further, elevating gear is screw pair mechanism, includes:
an electric motor installed in the base;
the lead screw is vertically arranged on the base and is matched with the electric motor;
the crossbeam is provided with the screw hole and is connected with the lead screw cooperation, and ultrasonic vibration device installs on this crossbeam.
Further, the torque of the electric motor is 1Nm to 500 Nm;
the diameter of the lead screw is 10-35 mm;
the position precision of the up-and-down movement of the beam is better than 0.1 μm, and the position repetition precision is better than 0.1 μm.
Further, the turning base is fixed on the base through the lower bearing seat;
the coaxiality of the whole beam, the ultrasonic vibration generator, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, the spherical rolling head, the tested piece, the lower bearing seat and the force sensor in the whole stroke of the beam is superior to 1: 0.001;
the planeness of the lower end face of the turning base and the upper end face of the lower bearing seat is not more than 0.0002mm/mm, the parallelism between the two faces is not more than 0.0002mm/mm, and the parallelism among the turning base, the main shaft of the slewing mechanism and the main shaft of the axial feeding mechanism is not more than 0.0002 mm/mm.
Furthermore, the force value monitoring system also comprises a charge amplifier and a data acquisition card, wherein the charge amplifier is connected with the force sensor through signals, and the data acquisition card is connected with the charge amplifier through signals.
A test method adopting the ultrasonic surface rolling tester comprises the following steps:
s1, clamping the tested piece on a rotating mechanism;
s2, monitoring the force value on the tested piece through a force value monitoring system;
s3, starting a lifting device, wherein the lifting device drives an ultrasonic vibration device to move downwards at a constant speed, so that a spherical rolling head at the end part of an ultrasonic amplitude transformer slowly descends and presses the surface of a tested piece;
s4, starting a slewing mechanism of the micro turning system to drive the tested piece to rotate;
s5, starting an ultrasonic vibration system, and superposing ultrasonic vibration and static compression on the tested piece;
s6, starting an axial feeding mechanism of the micro turning system to enable the tested piece to do axial reciprocating motion while rotating at a high speed, so as to realize ultrasonic surface rolling of the tested piece;
and S7, obtaining force data in the ultrasonic surface rolling process of the tested piece through a force value monitoring system.
Further, in step S3, the pressure applied by the spherical rolling head on the surface of the tested piece is 300N.
The ultrasonic surface rolling tester provided by the invention utilizes the ultrasonic vibration generator to provide high-frequency controllable vibration, the vibration direction is consistent with the static compression direction of the tested piece, the spherical rolling head of the working part can freely rotate, and the tested piece can axially reciprocate while rotating at a high speed under the driving of the micro turning system, so that the compression test of superposing the ultrasonic vibration load and the static compression load is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic surface rolling tester provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an ultrasonic surface rolling tester for performing indentation tests.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, however, the invention is capable of other embodiments in addition to those detailed.
The invention provides an ultrasonic surface rolling tester, which comprises:
a base 1;
the force value monitoring system is provided with a force sensor 6 arranged on the base 1;
the turning system comprises a turning base 5, a rotary mechanism 14 and an axial feeding mechanism 15, wherein the bottom of the turning base is provided with a lower bearing seat 5 which is contacted with the top surface of the force sensor 6, the axial feeding mechanism 15 is fixed on the turning base, the rotary mechanism 14 is arranged on the axial feeding mechanism 15, and the rotary mechanism 14 is used for clamping a tested piece 8;
the lifting device is arranged on the base 1;
the ultrasonic vibration system comprises an ultrasonic controller 13 and an ultrasonic vibration device, the ultrasonic vibration device is arranged on the lifting device, the ultrasonic vibration device comprises an ultrasonic vibration generator 3 and an ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4 is arranged on the ultrasonic vibration generator 3, and the bottom end part of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4 is provided with a spherical rolling head;
and the signal acquisition and processing system is connected with the force value monitoring system, the turning system, the lifting device and the ultrasonic vibration device.
Preferably, the signal acquisition and processing system can be a computer 11 carrying corresponding processing software and is connected with the force value monitoring system (the force sensor 6), the turning system, the lifting device and the ultrasonic vibration system (the ultrasonic controller 13) through a signal wire 12.
Specifically, the axial feeding mechanism 15 may include a rotary screw and a nut (see an internal structure combination 15a in the figure), and the swing mechanism 14 is fixed on the nut; the turntable 14 includes a motor and a chuck. When the test piece 8 is clamped by the turning mechanism 14, one end of the test piece 8 is clamped to the chuck and the other end abuts against the top. The screw rod rotates to drive the nut to move axially, and further drives the whole swing mechanism 14 to move axially; after the swing mechanism moves to the stroke end, the motor rotates reversely to drive the screw rod to rotate reversely, and the swing mechanism 14 is driven to move reversely in the axial direction. The test is repeated, so that the tested piece is driven by the micro turning system to rotate at a high speed and simultaneously carry out axial reciprocating motion.
The tested piece 8 is a cylinder, and the machined piece needs to be subjected to fine grinding treatment, the surface roughness of the cylindrical surface is not more than Ra1.6 mu m, and the tolerance of the cylindrical degree in the full-length range of the cylinder is not more than 0.01 mm. Further preferably, the surface roughness of the cylindrical surface is Ra1.6 μm, and the cylindricity tolerance is 0.01mm over the entire length of the cylinder.
The performance parameters of the force sensor 6 are: the force measuring range is-10 KN to 10KN, the force measuring precision is better than 0.025N, six force components can be monitored simultaneously, and the sampling frequency is higher than 200 KHz. Further preferred performance parameters of the force sensor 6 are: the force measuring range is-5 KN, the force measuring precision is better than 0.0125N, six force components can be simultaneously monitored, and the sampling frequency is higher than 200 KHz.
The performance parameters of the ultrasonic vibration generator 3 are: the vibration frequency is 15-45 KHz, and the amplitude range is 0-22 μm. Further preferred performance parameters of the ultrasonic vibration generator 3 are: the vibration frequency is 20-40 KHz, and the amplitude range is 0-20 μm.
In an alternative embodiment, the lifting device is a screw pair mechanism, and comprises an electric motor 9, a screw 10 and the cross beam 2. Electric motor 9 installs in base 1, rotates in order to drive lead screw 10 through belt pulley and lead screw 10 cooperation, and lead screw 10 is vertical to be installed on base 1, and crossbeam 2 is provided with the screw hole and is connected with lead screw 10 cooperation, and ultrasonic vibration device installs on this crossbeam 2.
The torque of the electric motor 9 is 1Nm to 500 Nm; the diameter of the lead screw 10 is 10-35 mm; the position precision of the up-and-down movement of the beam 2 is better than 0.1 μm, and the position repetition precision is better than 0.1 μm. Further preferably, the torque of the electric motor 9 is 100 Nm; the diameter of the screw rod 10 is 30 mm; the position precision of the up-and-down movement of the beam 2 reaches 0.05 μm, and the position repetition precision reaches 0.05 μm.
In an alternative embodiment, the turning base is fixed on the base 1 through the lower bearing seat 5; the coaxiality of the whole body consisting of the beam 2, the ultrasonic vibration generator 3, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4, the spherical rolling head, the tested piece 8, the lower bearing seat 5 and the force sensor 6 in the full stroke of the beam 2 is better than 1:0.001, and preferably better than 1: 0.0005; the planeness of the lower end face of the turning base and the upper end face of the lower bearing seat 5 is not more than 0.0002mm/mm, the parallelism between the two faces is not more than 0.0002mm/mm, and the parallelism between the turning base, the main shaft of the swing mechanism 14 and the main shaft of the axial feeding mechanism 15 is not more than 0.0002 mm/mm.
Further preferably, the force value monitoring system further comprises a charge amplifier and a data acquisition card, wherein the charge amplifier is connected with the force sensor 6 through signals, and the data acquisition card is connected with the charge amplifier through signals. The charge amplifier is used for amplifying the acquired signals and then outputting the signals to the data acquisition card.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a test method adopting the ultrasonic surface rolling tester, which is shown by combining the figure 1 and the figure 2 and comprises the following steps:
and S1, clamping the tested piece 8 on the rotary mechanism 14 and fixing.
And S2, monitoring the force value on the tested piece 8 through the force value monitoring system.
And S3, starting the lifting device, driving the ultrasonic vibration device to move downwards at a constant speed by the lifting device, slowly descending the spherical rolling head at the end part of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4 and pressing the spherical rolling head on the surface of the tested piece 8, and applying 300N pressure on the surface of the tested piece 8.
And S4, starting a slewing mechanism 14 of the micro turning system to drive the tested piece 8 to rotate.
And S5, starting the ultrasonic vibration system, and superposing ultrasonic vibration and static compression on the tested piece 8.
S6, starting the axial feeding mechanism 15 of the micro turning system to make the tested piece 8 do axial reciprocating motion while rotating at high speed, so as to realize ultrasonic surface rolling of the tested piece 8.
And S7, obtaining the force data of the tested piece 8 in the ultrasonic surface rolling process through a force value monitoring system.
In conclusion, the ultrasonic surface rolling tester provided by the invention has the advantages of simple equipment structure, high testing precision, simplicity and convenience in operation, low use and maintenance cost, and very high practical value and important practical significance for quantitatively researching the ultrasonic surface rolling process.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, in that devices and structures not described in detail are understood to be implemented in a manner common in the art; those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the spirit of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic surface rolling tester, comprising:
a base (1);
the force value monitoring system is provided with a force sensor (6) arranged on a base (1), and the performance parameters of the force sensor (6) are as follows: the force measuring range is-10 KN, the force measuring precision is better than 0.025N, six force components are monitored simultaneously, and the sampling frequency is higher than 200 KHz;
the turning system comprises a turning base (7), a rotating mechanism (14) and an axial feeding mechanism (15), wherein the bottom of the turning base (7) is provided with a lower bearing seat (5) which is in contact with the top surface of the force sensor (6), the axial feeding mechanism (15) is fixed on the turning base, the rotating mechanism (14) is arranged on the axial feeding mechanism (15), and the rotating mechanism (14) is used for clamping a tested piece (8);
the lifting device is arranged on the base (1);
the ultrasonic vibration system comprises an ultrasonic controller (13) and an ultrasonic vibration device, the ultrasonic vibration device is arranged on the lifting device, the ultrasonic vibration device comprises an ultrasonic vibration generator (3) and an ultrasonic amplitude transformer (4), the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (4) is arranged on the ultrasonic vibration generator (3), and the bottom end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (4) is connected with a spherical rolling head;
the signal acquisition and processing system is connected with the force value monitoring system, the turning system, the lifting device and the ultrasonic vibration device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
during testing, the tested piece (8) is driven by the turning system to rotate and simultaneously realize axial reciprocating motion so as to realize ultrasonic surface rolling test of superposition of ultrasonic vibration load and static compression load.
2. The ultrasonic surface rolling tester of claim 1, wherein the test piece (8) is a cylinder, the surface roughness of the cylindrical surface is not more than Ra1.6 μm, and the tolerance of the cylindrical surface within the full length of the cylinder is not more than 0.01 mm.
3. The ultrasonic surface-rolling tester of claim 1, characterized in that the performance parameters of the ultrasonic vibration generator (3) are: the vibration frequency is 15-45 KHz, and the amplitude range is 0-22 μm.
4. The ultrasonic surface rolling tester of claim 1, wherein the axial feed mechanism (15) comprises a rotary screw and a nut, the rotary mechanism (14) being fixed to the nut;
the swing mechanism (14) includes a motor and a chuck.
5. The ultrasonic surface rolling tester of claim 1 wherein the lifting device is a screw pair mechanism comprising:
an electric motor (9) mounted in the base (1);
the lead screw (10) is vertically arranged on the base (1) and is matched with the electric motor (9);
the ultrasonic vibration device comprises a cross beam (2), wherein the cross beam (2) is provided with a threaded hole and is matched and connected with a screw rod (10), and an ultrasonic vibration device is installed on the cross beam (2).
6. The ultrasonic surface rolling tester of claim 5, wherein the torque of the electric motor (9) is 1Nm to 500 Nm;
the diameter of the lead screw (10) is 10-35 mm;
the position precision of the up-and-down movement of the beam (2) is better than 0.1 μm, and the position repetition precision is better than 0.1 μm.
7. The ultrasonic surface rolling tester of claim 6, wherein the turning base is fixed on the base (1) by a lower bearing seat (5);
the coaxiality of the whole body consisting of the beam (2), the ultrasonic vibration generator (3), the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (4), the spherical rolling head, the tested piece (8), the lower bearing seat (5) and the force sensor (6) in the whole stroke of the beam (2) is better than 1: 0.001;
the planeness of the lower end face of the turning base and the upper end face of the lower bearing seat (5) is not more than 0.0002mm/mm, the parallelism between the two faces is not more than 0.0002mm/mm, and the parallelism among the turning base, the main shaft of the swing mechanism (14) and the main shaft of the axial feeding mechanism (15) is not more than 0.0002 mm/mm.
8. The ultrasonic surface-rolling tester of claim 1, wherein the force monitoring system further comprises a charge amplifier in signal communication with the force sensor (6) and a data acquisition card in signal communication with the charge amplifier.
9. A test method using the ultrasonic surface rolling tester according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, clamping the tested piece (8) on a rotary mechanism (14);
s2, monitoring the force value on the tested piece (8) through a force value monitoring system;
s3, starting a lifting device, driving the ultrasonic vibration device to move downwards at a constant speed by the lifting device, and slowly descending and pressing the spherical rolling head at the end part of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (4) on the surface of the tested piece (8);
s4, starting a rotary mechanism (14) of the micro turning system to drive the tested piece (8) to rotate;
s5, starting an ultrasonic vibration system, and superposing ultrasonic vibration and static compression on the tested piece (8);
s6, starting an axial feeding mechanism (15) of the micro turning system to enable the tested piece (8) to do axial reciprocating motion while rotating at a high speed, so as to realize ultrasonic surface rolling of the tested piece (8);
and S7, obtaining force data in the ultrasonic surface rolling process of the tested piece (8) through a force value monitoring system.
10. Test method according to claim 9, characterized in that in step S3 the pressure exerted by the spherical roller head on the surface of the piece (8) under test is 300N.
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| CN110411872A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-05 | 杭州嘉振超声波科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic wave fatigue tester |
| CN112877519B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-11-04 | 上海交通大学 | Surface strengthening device and method for applying multiple physical fields to metal workpiece and assisting ultrasonic rolling |
| CN112877521B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-05-27 | 上海交通大学 | Surface strengthening device and method for applying elastic stress field to metal workpiece and assisting ultrasonic rolling |
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