CN109668797B - Torsional fretting fatigue test device and method based on synchronous radiation - Google Patents
Torsional fretting fatigue test device and method based on synchronous radiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109668797B CN109668797B CN201811607059.1A CN201811607059A CN109668797B CN 109668797 B CN109668797 B CN 109668797B CN 201811607059 A CN201811607059 A CN 201811607059A CN 109668797 B CN109668797 B CN 109668797B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/26—Investigating twisting or coiling properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
Abstract
A torsion fretting fatigue test device and a test method based on synchronous radiation mainly comprise: the bottom plate of the frame is fixed on the rotary platform, and the torsion servo motor above the bottom plate is connected with the bottom of the lower clamp seat; the lower clamp seat is fixed on an upper plate of the frame through a bearing; and a lower clamp is fixed at the upper part of the lower clamp; a torque sensor is arranged on the inner ring of the bearing; the upper part of the micro-motion loading rod is hinged with the hinged support, and the inner side of the upper end is connected with the loading head through a force sensor; the lower end is connected with the end part of the electric cylinder; the periphery of the upper plate is connected with the periphery of the lower part of the organic glass cylinder, and the steel top cover of the organic glass cylinder is connected with the upper clamp; the left side and the right side of the frame are respectively provided with a transmitter and a receiver of a synchronous radiation light source. The device can observe, record and analyze the macroscopic mechanical parameters such as the load, the torque, the angle and the like of the torsion micro-motion part and the change and evolution rules of microstructures such as cracks and the like, thereby providing a more comprehensive and reliable basis for torsion-resistant fatigue design of parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a torsional micro fatigue test device based on synchronous radiation.
Background
Micro fatigue refers to the phenomenon that the contact surfaces which are fastened and matched cause micron-sized relative movement of the contact interface due to the fact that the contact surfaces bear external alternating fatigue stress, so that fatigue cracks are accelerated to initiate and expand, and premature failure of a component is caused. Fretting fatigue is widely found in aerospace, automotive, mechanical, railroad, electrical and biomedical fields. The fretting fatigue can be classified into tension and compression fretting fatigue, torsion fretting fatigue, bending fretting fatigue and the like according to the type of bearing load. Torsional fretting fatigue exists in the service of important parts such as axles of rail transit (high-speed rail and motor cars) and motor shafts, and plays a vital role in the service safety of heavy equipment such as high-speed railways in China.
For a long time, a great deal of analysis has been carried out on the problem of fatigue failure of engineering structures. It is generally believed that fatigue life is primarily consumed during crack initiation and short crack propagation phases. The expansion behavior of the short cracks macroscopically changes along with the increase of the crack length, is microscopically influenced by factors such as metal microstructure, environment and the like, and solves the problems of crack closure, small crack effect and the like, so that the expansion problem of the short cracks under torsional load in the service process becomes very complex. In order to better explore the relation between the crack and the microstructure change and the macroscopic mechanical property in the expansion process, and further provide a more reliable basis for the design of parts, the parts are required to be tested by a fatigue testing machine, and macroscopic quantitative mechanical parameters of the material under the torsion effect are obtained.
The existing torsion micro-motion fatigue test device clamps the upper end and the lower end of a sample respectively to drive the lower clamp to twist so as to enable the sample to generate torsion micro-motion; and after the set torsion times are reached, the torsion fretting fatigue test is completed. After the test is finished, observing and analyzing the surface abrasive spots and the sectioned cross-section cracks of the tested sample by a scanning electron microscope. The problems that exist are: 1. in the test, the sample exists alone and is not in close contact with any part; the working condition of the torsion micro-motion part in actual service is always inconsistent with the working condition of the fastening matched contact of the rest parts, and the error of the test result is large and the reliability is low. 2. The surface abrasive spots and section cracks after the test is completed can be observed and analyzed, and the occurrence, development and change processes of the cracks and the abrasive spots in the torsional micro fatigue process of the test sample can not be dynamically observed and recorded in real time, so that the dynamic relationship of macroscopic mechanical properties such as loads, torsional torque and angles between the expansion process, change and fastening matching parts of cracks and microstructures can not be analyzed and researched, and a more comprehensive and reliable basis can not be provided for torsional fatigue design of parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The first object of the invention is to provide a torsional micro-motion fatigue test device based on synchronous radiation, wherein the device is in a state of being tightly matched with other parts and is closer to the actual working condition when the torsional micro-motion fatigue test is performed; the test result has small error and high reliability; the method can observe, record and analyze the expansion process and change of microstructures such as cracks in the test to obtain the dynamic relationship between the macroscopic mechanical properties such as the load, the torsion torque and the angle of the torsion micro-motion part and the changes of the cracks and the microstructures, thereby providing a more comprehensive and reliable basis for the torsion-resistant fatigue design of the parts.
The invention realizes the aim of the invention, adopts the technical scheme that the torsional micro-motion fatigue test device based on the synchronous radiation comprises a frame, a lower clamp is arranged on the frame, an upper clamp is arranged right above the lower clamp, the upper clamp is used for clamping the upper end of a sample, and the lower clamp is used for clamping the lower end of the sample; the method is characterized in that:
the bottom plate of the frame is fixed on a rotary platform driven by a servo motor, and the torsion servo motor above the bottom plate is connected with the bottom of the lower clamp seat sequentially through a planetary gear reducer, a rear synchronous wheel, a synchronous belt and a front synchronous wheel; the lower clamp seat is fixed on an upper plate of the frame through a bearing; the upper part of the lower clamp seat is fixedly connected with a lower clamp, and the axle center of the lower clamp is positioned on a rotating shaft of the rotating platform; an optical angular displacement sensor is also arranged on the upper plate, and a sensing head of the optical angular displacement sensor is aligned with the lower clamp; the torque sensor is arranged on the inner ring of the bearing;
the left side and the right side of the upper plate of the frame are symmetrically fixed with hinged supports respectively; the upper part of the vertical micro-motion loading rod is hinged with the hinged support, and the inner side of the upper end is connected with the loading head through a force sensor; the lower end is connected with the end part of the transverse electric cylinder;
the periphery of the upper plate of the frame is connected with the periphery of the lower part of the organic glass cylinder, and the inner wall of the steel top cover of the organic glass cylinder is connected with an upper clamp through threads; the left side of the frame is provided with a transmitter of a synchronous radiation light source, the right side of the frame is provided with a receiver of the synchronous radiation light source, and the transmitter and the receiver are positioned on the same straight line with the sample; the optical angular displacement sensor, the torque sensor, the servo motor, the torsion servo motor and the electric cylinder are electrically connected with the control and processing device.
The second invention aims to provide a method for carrying out a torsional micro-fatigue test of synchronous radiation by using the torsional micro-fatigue test device based on synchronous radiation, which can dynamically observe and record the occurrence, development and change processes of cracks and abrasive spots of a sample in the torsional micro-fatigue test process in real time, further analyze and study the relation between the expansion process and the change of cracks and microstructure and the macroscopic mechanical property of the crack and the change, and provide a more comprehensive and reliable basis for the torsional fatigue design of parts.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for achieving the other purpose is that the method for carrying out the torsional fretting fatigue test of the synchronous radiation by using the torsional fretting fatigue test device based on the synchronous radiation comprises the following steps:
a. removing the organic glass cylinder from the upper plate, and removing the upper clamp from the steel top cover of the organic glass cylinder; clamping the lower end of the sample on a lower clamp, and simultaneously clamping the upper end of the sample on an upper clamp; then connecting the organic glass cylinder on the upper plate, and then connecting an upper clamp on the bottom of a steel top cover of the organic glass cylinder in a threaded manner to finish the installation of the sample;
b. the control and processing device controls the electric cylinder to extend, the left and right micro-motion loading rods simultaneously rotate along the hinged support, the upper ends of the micro-motion loading rods move inwards, the pressure sensor and the loading head clamp the sample inwards, and a set load is applied to the sample; simulating the environment generated by micro-motion; simultaneously, the pressure sensor reads the load born by the sample in real time and transmits the load to the control and processing device;
c. the control and processing device controls the torsion servo motor to make the torsion servo motor rotate reciprocally according to a set frequency, and drives the sample to make reciprocal torsion movement sequentially through the planetary gear reducer, the rear synchronous wheel, the synchronous belt, the front synchronous wheel, the lower clamp seat and the lower clamp; the torque sensor on the bearing inner ring detects the torque born by the sample in real time, and the optical angular displacement sensor detects the torsion angle of the sample in real time and feeds back the torsion angle to the control and processing device to realize the closed-loop control of the torque; when the torsion rotation reaches the set circulation times, the control and processing device controls the torsion servo motor to stop rotating;
d. the control and processing device controls the servo motor to enable the rotary platform to drive the rack and the sample on the rack to rotate for 360 degrees according to a set speed; meanwhile, the synchrotron radiation light emitted by the light emitter of the synchrotron radiation light source penetrates through the organic glass cylinder, and then penetrates through the sample rotating by 360 degrees, and then is received by the light receiver of the synchrotron radiation light source, so that in-situ real-time three-dimensional imaging of the sample is completed;
e. repeating the operations in the steps c and d until the total torsion times set by the test are completed, and ending the test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device of the invention is used for butt joint of the fatigue test of the sample and the synchronous radiation light source imaging of the sample; in the fatigue test process of the sample, the sample is directly aligned by a synchronous radiation light source, and in-situ synchronous radiation imaging in stages is carried out to obtain a three-dimensional image of the interior of the sample in real time in stages; the brightness of the synchrotron radiation light is high, the image signal-to-noise ratio is high, the imaging precision and the sensitivity are high, and the staged images in the torsion fatigue process of the material at the atomic level can be obtained, wherein the processes comprise a growth mechanism, a phase change process, a solid state effect, crack propagation, an interface process and other time-related processes; and comprehensively and finely representing the information such as the structural change, crack expansion and the like of the test material from the microscopic level. The change and evolution relation between the mechanical parameters of the sample and the microstructure such as cracks can be comprehensively observed and analyzed by combining the 'fastening' load, the torsion torque, the torsion angle, the torsion frequency and the times loaded during the test. Therefore, a more reliable test basis can be provided for the design of the fatigue life of engineering parts.
2. According to the invention, the electric cylinder, the micro-motion loading rod and the loading head clamp the sample, so that the sample is subjected to a set fastening load, and the torsion micro-motion parts are simulated to be in the environment of fastening and matching of other parts; the test working condition is more similar to the working condition of the actual torsion micro-motion part; the test result has small error and high reliability.
3. Through the speed reduction and torque increase effect of the speed reduction mechanism taking the planetary gear reducer as a core, the torsion micro-motion of the sample under the accurate torque is ensured, and the test result is more accurate and reliable.
Further, the bearing of the present invention is a crossed roller bearing.
The bearing has good axial bearing capacity, can radially adjust the pretightening force, ensures that the sample cannot horizontally displace when twisting and jogging, and further improves the accuracy and reliability of the test result.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a left-hand structure of an embodiment of the present invention with the receiver and transmitter of the synchrotron radiation light source removed.
Detailed Description
Examples
Fig. 1 and 2 show that in a specific embodiment of the invention, a torsional micro fatigue test device based on synchronous radiation comprises a frame 3, wherein a lower clamp 13 is arranged on the frame 3, an upper clamp 10 is arranged right above the lower clamp 13, the upper clamp 10 is used for clamping the upper end of a sample 11, and the lower clamp 10 is used for clamping the lower end of the sample 11; the method is characterized in that:
the bottom plate 3a of the frame 3 is fixed on the rotary platform 2 driven by the servo motor 2a, and the torsion servo motor 4 above the bottom plate 3a is connected with the bottom of the lower clamp seat 20 through the planetary gear reducer 16, the rear synchronizing wheel 18, the synchronizing belt 17 and the front synchronizing wheel 19 in sequence; the lower clamp seat 20 is fixed on the upper plate 3b of the frame 3 through a bearing; the upper part of the lower clamp seat 20 is fixedly connected with a lower clamp 13, and the axle center of the lower clamp 13 is positioned on the rotating shaft of the rotating platform 2; the upper plate 3b is also provided with an optical angular displacement sensor 6, and the sensing head of the optical angular displacement sensor 6 is aligned with the lower clamp 13; the torque sensor is arranged on the inner ring of the bearing;
the left side and the right side of the upper plate 3b of the frame 3 are symmetrically fixed with a hinged support 7 respectively; the upper part of a vertical micro-motion loading rod 14 is hinged with the hinged support 7, and the inner side of the upper end is connected with the loading head 9 through a force sensor 8; the lower end is connected with the end part of the transverse electric cylinder 15;
the periphery of the upper plate 3b of the frame 3 is connected with the periphery of the lower part of the organic glass cylinder 22, and the inner wall of the steel top cover of the organic glass cylinder 22 is in threaded connection with the upper clamp 10; the left side of the frame 3 is provided with an emitter 25 of a synchronous radiation light source, the right side of the frame 3 is provided with a receiver 24 of the synchronous radiation light source, and the emitter 25 and the receiver 24 are positioned on the same straight line with the sample 11; the optical angular displacement sensor 6, the torque sensor, the servo motor 2a, the torsion servo motor 4 and the electric cylinder 15 are all electrically connected with the control and processing device.
The torsional micro-motion fatigue test device based on the synchronous radiation is characterized in that the bearing is a crossed roller bearing.
The method for performing the torsional fretting fatigue test by using the torsional fretting fatigue test device based on the synchronous radiation comprises the following steps:
a. removing the plexiglas cylinder 22 from the upper plate 3b and removing the upper jig 10 from the steel top cover of the plexiglas cylinder 22; clamping the lower end of the sample 11 to the lower clamp 13, and simultaneously clamping the upper end of the sample 11 to the upper clamp 10; then the organic glass cylinder 22 is connected to the upper plate 3b, and then the upper clamp 10 is connected to the bottom of the steel top cover of the organic glass cylinder 22 in a threaded manner, so that the installation of the sample 11 is completed;
b. the control and processing device controls the electric cylinder 15 to extend, the left and right micro-motion loading rods 14 simultaneously rotate along the hinged support 7, the upper ends of the micro-motion loading rods move inwards, the pressure sensor 8 and the loading head 9 clamp the sample 11 inwards, and a set load is applied to the sample 11; simulating the environment generated by micro-motion; simultaneously, the pressure sensor 8 reads the load born by the sample 11 in real time and transmits the load to the control and processing device;
c. the control and processing device controls the torsion servo motor 4 to make the torsion servo motor rotate reciprocally according to a set frequency, and drives the sample 11 to make reciprocal torsion movement sequentially through the planetary gear reducer 16, the rear synchronizing wheel 18, the synchronous belt 17, the front synchronizing wheel 19, the lower clamp seat 20 and the lower clamp 13; the torque sensor on the inner ring of the bearing detects the torque born by the sample 11 in real time, and the optical angular displacement sensor 6 detects the torsion angle of the sample 11 in real time and feeds back the torsion angle to the control and processing device to realize the closed-loop control of the torque; when the torsion rotation reaches the set cycle times, the control and processing device controls the torsion servo motor 4 to stop rotating;
d. the control and processing device controls the servo motor 2a to enable the rotary platform 2 to drive the stand 3 and the sample 11 on the stand 3 to rotate for 360 degrees at a set speed; simultaneously, the synchrotron radiation light emitted by the light emitter of the synchrotron radiation light source penetrates through the organic glass cylinder 22 and then penetrates through the sample 11 rotating by 360 degrees, and then is received by the light receiver of the synchrotron radiation light source, so that in-situ real-time three-dimensional imaging of the sample 11 is completed;
e. repeating the operations in the steps c and d until the total torsion times set by the test are completed, and ending the test.
Claims (2)
1. The torsional micro-motion fatigue test method based on the synchronous radiation comprises a frame (3), wherein a lower clamp (13) is arranged on the frame (3), an upper clamp (10) is arranged right above the lower clamp (13), the upper clamp (10) is used for clamping the upper end of a sample (11), and the lower clamp (13) is used for clamping the lower end of the sample (11); the method is characterized in that:
the bottom plate (3 a) of the frame (3) is fixed on a rotary platform (2) driven by a servo motor (2 a), and a torsion servo motor (4) above the bottom plate (3 a) is connected with the bottom of a lower clamp seat (20) sequentially through a planetary gear reducer (16), a rear synchronous wheel (18), a synchronous belt (17) and a front synchronous wheel (19); the lower clamp seat (20) is fixed on an upper plate (3 b) of the frame (3) through a bearing; the upper part of the lower clamp seat (20) is fixedly connected with a lower clamp (13), and the axle center of the lower clamp (13) is positioned on the rotating shaft of the rotating platform (2); an optical angular displacement sensor (6) is also arranged on the upper plate (3 b), and a sensing head of the optical angular displacement sensor (6) is aligned with the lower clamp (13); the torque sensor is arranged on the inner ring of the bearing;
the left side and the right side of the upper plate (3 b) of the frame (3) are respectively symmetrically fixed with a hinged support (7); the upper part of a vertical micro-motion loading rod (14) is hinged with a hinged support (7), and the inner side of the upper end is connected with a loading head (9) through a force sensor (8); the lower end is connected with the end part of a transverse electric cylinder (15);
the periphery of the upper plate (3 b) of the frame (3) is connected with the periphery of the lower part of the organic glass cylinder (22), and the inner wall of the steel top cover of the organic glass cylinder (22) is connected with the upper clamp (10) through threads; the left side of the frame (3) is provided with an emitter (25) of a synchronous radiation light source, the right side of the frame (3) is provided with a receiver (24) of the synchronous radiation light source, and the emitter (25), the receiver (24) and the sample (11) are positioned on the same straight line; the optical angular displacement sensor (6), the torque sensor, the servo motor (2 a), the torsion servo motor (4) and the electric cylinder (15) are electrically connected with the control and processing device;
the method for carrying out the torsional fretting fatigue test by using the test device comprises the following steps:
a. removing the plexiglas cylinder (22) from the upper plate (3 b), and removing the upper clamp (10) from the steel top cover of the plexiglas cylinder (22); clamping the lower end of the sample (11) on a lower clamp (13), and simultaneously clamping the upper end of the sample (11) on an upper clamp (10); then connecting the organic glass cylinder (22) to the upper plate (3 b), and then connecting the upper clamp (10) to the bottom of a steel top cover of the organic glass cylinder (22) in a threaded manner to finish the installation of the sample (11);
b. the control and processing device controls the electric cylinder (15) to extend, the left and right micro-motion loading rods (14) simultaneously rotate along the hinged support (7), the upper ends of the micro-motion loading rods move inwards, the pressure sensor (8) and the loading head (9) clamp the sample (11) inwards, and a set load is applied to the sample (11); simulating the environment generated by micro-motion; simultaneously, the pressure sensor (8) reads the load born by the sample (11) in real time and transmits the load to the control and processing device;
c. the control and processing device controls the torsion servo motor (4) to rotate reciprocally according to a set frequency, and drives the sample (11) to do reciprocal torsion movement sequentially through the planetary gear reducer (16), the rear synchronizing wheel (18), the synchronous belt (17), the front synchronizing wheel (19), the lower clamp seat (20) and the lower clamp (13); the torque sensor on the bearing inner ring detects the torque born by the sample (11) in real time, and the optical angular displacement sensor (6) detects the torsion angle of the sample (11) in real time and feeds back the torsion angle to the control and processing device to realize the closed-loop control of the torque; when the torsion rotation reaches the set cycle times, the control and processing device controls the torsion servo motor (4) to stop rotating;
d. the control and processing device controls the servo motor (2 a) to enable the rotary platform (2) to drive the stand (3) and the sample (11) on the stand (3) to rotate for 360 degrees according to a set speed; simultaneously, the synchrotron radiation light emitted by the light emitter of the synchrotron radiation light source penetrates through the organic glass cylinder (22) and then penetrates through the sample (11) rotating by 360 degrees, and then is received by the light receiver of the synchrotron radiation light source, so that in-situ real-time three-dimensional imaging of the sample (11) is completed;
e. repeating the operations in the steps c and d until the total torsion times set by the test are completed, and ending the test.
2. The method for torsional fretting fatigue testing based on synchrotron radiation of claim 1, wherein the bearing is a crossed roller bearing.
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| CN209690087U (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2019-11-26 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of reverse micro move fatigue rig based on synchrotron radiation |
| CN113447349A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-28 | 江苏丁是丁精密科技有限公司 | Shell fragment fatigue test device |
| CN113640149B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2024-01-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Composite material in-situ shear loading equipment suitable for synchrotron radiation CT |
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| CN209690087U (en) | 2019-11-26 |
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