CN105689959A - Ultrasonic surface rolling finishing feedback system capable of automatically regulating and controlling static pressure - Google Patents
Ultrasonic surface rolling finishing feedback system capable of automatically regulating and controlling static pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN105689959A CN105689959A CN201610263100.2A CN201610263100A CN105689959A CN 105689959 A CN105689959 A CN 105689959A CN 201610263100 A CN201610263100 A CN 201610263100A CN 105689959 A CN105689959 A CN 105689959A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P9/00—Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearings; Features of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified
- B23P9/02—Treating or finishing by applying pressure, e.g. knurling
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic surface rolling finishing feedback system capable of automatically regulating and controlling static pressure, and belongs to the field of metal surface treatment. The ultrasonic surface rolling finishing feedback system comprises an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, a rolling head, an electric push rod, a pressure sensor and the like, wherein the pressure sensor is fixed to the rear end of an inner sleeve through fastening bolts; a shaft head with a thread is fixed to the pressure sensor; the electric push rod is fastened to a rear cover of an outer sleeve; an ultrasonic vibration system can perform axial motion by extension and retraction of the push rod to generate static pressure. When a load is changed, a signal from the pressure sensor is sent to a PLC (programmable logic controller), the PLC compares real-time pressure value with preset value, and then extension and retraction control over the electric push rod is performed, accordingly, constant static pressure in a machining process is maintained. The ultrasonic surface rolling finishing feedback system has the advantages that the operation is simple, the precision is high, the running is stable, and synchronous automatic control can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of metal surface treatment, particularly to a kind of can the ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system of auto-control static pressure。
Background technology
Component of machine is widely used in the key areas such as boats and ships, vehicle, bridge, pressure vessel, ocean engineering, Aero-Space, metallurgy, electric power, but these important components of machine and structure can cause inefficacy because of problems such as fatigue, creep, burn into brittle fracture, abrasions, wherein fatigue damage, corrosion and wear problem are more typically。As due to speed-raising, component of machine fatigue problem has been made to become the important damage mechanisms affecting railway operation safety and rail service life, for another example in steel rolling equipment cold roll contact fatigue damage problem up to now also without obtaining adequate solution, and damage problem those exist dynamic Contact friction mechanized equipment in be widely present and the serious service life affecting them。Therefore, research improves the Surface Machining New Method for Processing of component of machine resisting fatigue, abrasion and decay resistance, is used for protecting mechanized equipment reliably safe operation; extend its effective service life; prevent the inefficacy that it is too early, there is important economy and use value, have a wide range of applications。
Ultrasonic surface rolling and processing method is a kind of ultrasonic wave added process technology recently, compare with traditional rolling technology, work in course of processing head and piece surface frictional force of the method is little, it is possible to obtain the quality material surface highly polished, hardness big and wearability, corrosion resistance and anti-fatigue performance are strong。
In ultrasonic surface rolling and processing process, static pressure is the more important factor affecting ultrasonic surface rolling and processing precision, suitable static pressure is possible not only to reduce the roughness on rolling and processing surface, moreover it is possible to the effective hardness improving surface to be machined, wearability, corrosion resistance and fatigue strength。But in actual ultrasonic surface rolling and processing process, static pressure can not be measured accurately and be controlled, particularly when the eccentric shaft-like workpiece of processing, what can not be always ensured that in rolling process static pressure is constant, thus causing workpiece to be machined surface unbalance stress, thus it is unfavorable for the strengthening of material surface。When static pressure is less, the degree of depth of plastic deformation or plastic deformation can not be produced relatively low at material surface, and when static pressure is excessive, bigger static pressure will suppress milled head to do superaudible mechanical vibration, milled head is increased with material surface frictional force, coming off or cut easily occurs in material surface, so that ultrasonic surface rolling loses due advantage and effect。Therefore, it is badly in need of a kind of rolling and processing feedback system that can accurately control static pressure, in the ultrasonic burnishing course of processing, particularly keeps the constant of static pressure。
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of can the ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system of auto-control static pressure, can accurately measure and control static pressure during ultrasonic surface rolling and processing, solve and cannot ensure the constant of static pressure in rolling and processing process when the eccentric shaft-like workpiece of processing, and make finished surface unbalance stress, the problems such as surface peening effect is undesirable, the present invention introduces a kind of new rolling and processing feedback system on ultrasonic surface rolling device basis, thus realizing accurately measuring and Automated condtrol for static pressure。Have simple to operate, degree of accuracy is high, operate steadily, can realize synchronised automatic control advantage, improve stability and the controllability of technological parameter during ultrasonic surface rolling and processing。The present invention is a kind of feedback system that can accurately control static pressure and maintenance static pressure balance in the course of processing with self regulation。Inevitably there is the mismachining tolerances such as bias because of axial workpiece in the present invention when rolling axial workpiece, this feedback system can be passed through and keep the constant of static pressure, thus eliminating the adverse effect of nanocrystalline top layer roughness, structural homogenity and mechanical property that the mismachining tolerances such as bias are formed for rolling。
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Can the ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system of auto-control static pressure, it is connected with power supply box 17 by wire, it is characterized in that: pressure transducer 5 is fixed on the inner sleeve bonnet 14 of inner sleeve 4 by fastening bolt 6, has in the screw that threaded spindle nose is screwed into pressure transducer 5 center；Electric pushrod 10 is fixed on the outer sleeve bonnet 11 of outer sleeve 12 by two nuts 9, threadeds with pressure transducer 5 in front end；Inner sleeve 4 is connected with outer sleeve 12 by trip bolt 15, ultrasonic vibration apparatus 3 is placed in inner sleeve 4, described ultrasonic vibration apparatus 3 is made up of the horn 2 being fixed together and transducer, and there are hemispherical or semi-cylindrical recesses in the center of horn 2 front end；Milled head 16 is fixed on the front end of ultrasonic vibration apparatus 3 by inner sleeve 4；Flexible by electric pushrod 10 makes ultrasonic vibration system 3 axially move, to produce static pressure。
Described transducer is piezoelectric ceramic transducer。
Described milled head 16 is cylinder or spheroid。
Described electric pushrod 10 is a kind of power-jdriven gear that motor rotary motion is changed into push rod straight reciprocating motion, with precise ball screw, servo motor forms, servo motor is installed Hall circuit board, by hall principle accurate feedback motor rotating cycle, to realize push rod is carried out the purpose of accurately control, by the flexible offer static pressure of push rod。
5 pressure signals of described pressure transducer are transformed into the signal of telecommunication, and the signal collected is passed to PLC, regulate with this and add the constant of static pressure in man-hour。
Described power supply box 17 has pressure display unit 18, on and off switch 19, zero-setting button 20, pressure adjustment knob 21, current adjusting knob 22, current/voltage amplitude display 23, returns to zero before rolling and processing, then set the static pressure added needed for man-hour。
The outside of described outer sleeve 12 arranges execution switch 7, outlet 8, fixture block 13
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: achieve the accurately display of static pressure during ultrasonic surface rolling and processing and accurately control, have simple to operate, degree of accuracy is high, operate steadily, can realize synchronised automatic control advantage, improve the controllability of technological parameter during ultrasonic surface rolling and processing。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the part of the application, and the illustrative example of the present invention and explanation thereof are used for explaining the present invention, are not intended that inappropriate limitation of the present invention。
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the power supply box of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic front view of the pressure transducer of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic side view of the pressure transducer of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the eccentric shaft parts circumference hardness profile figure of prior art processing；
Fig. 6 is the eccentric shaft parts circumference hardness profile figure that the present invention processes。
In figure: 1, workpiece；2, horn；3, ultrasonic vibration apparatus；4, inner sleeve；5, pressure transducer；6, fastening bolt；7, switch is performed；8, outlet；9, nut；10, electric pushrod；11, outer sleeve bonnet；12, outer sleeve；13, fixture block；14, inner sleeve bonnet；15, trip bolt；16, milled head；17, power supply box；18, pressure display unit；19, on and off switch；20, zero-setting button；21, pressure adjustment knob；22, current adjusting knob；23, current/voltage amplitude display。
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed content and the detailed description of the invention thereof of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing。
Referring to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, the present invention's can the ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system of auto-control static pressure, including transducer, horn, milled head, electric pushrod, pressure transducer etc., pressure transducer 5 is fixed on the inner sleeve bonnet 14 of inner sleeve 4 by fastening bolt 6, has in the screw that threaded spindle nose can be screwed into pressure transducer 5 center；Electric pushrod 10 is fixed on the outer sleeve bonnet 11 of outer sleeve 12 by two nuts 9, threadeds with pressure transducer 5 in front end；Inner sleeve bonnet 14 and outer sleeve bonnet 11 have screw thread, and have corresponding screw thread in inner sleeve 4 and outer sleeve 12, thus bonnet is fixed on behind, and fixed by trip bolt 15, ultrasonic vibration apparatus 3 is placed in inner sleeve 4, described ultrasonic vibration apparatus 3 is made up of the horn 2 being fixed together and transducer, and there are hemispherical or semi-cylindrical recesses in the center of horn 2 front end, and horn 2 is half wave length ultrasonic horn；Milled head 16 is fixed on the front end of ultrasonic vibration apparatus 3 by inner sleeve 4。Ultrasonic burnishing adds can put into use in groove man-hour by spheroid or cylinder。Inner sleeve 4 and outer sleeve 12 there are eight vents to be beneficial to the heat radiation of ultrasonic vibration system 3。
Flexible by electric pushrod 10 can make ultrasonic vibration system 3 axially move, with this static pressure producing to add man-hour, it is connected with power supply box 17 by wire, industrial-frequency alternating current is converted to sonic oscillation by power supply box on the one hand, energy is provided for ultrasonic burnishing device, regulate and control the flexible of electric pushrod by the signal of processing pressure sensor on the other hand, make static pressure reach preset value and keep constant。Pressure transducer can pass through numeral conversion and demonstrate the size adding static pressure in man-hour accurately, and when load changes, pressure transducer sends signal to PLC, pressure instantaneous value and preset value are compared by PLC, then electric pushrod is carried out extension and contraction control, keep the constant of static pressure in the course of processing。
Described transducer is piezoelectric ceramic transducer。
Described roller or spin that milled head 16 is cylinder or spheroid。
Described electric pushrod 10 is a kind of power-jdriven gear that motor rotary motion is changed into push rod straight reciprocating motion, with precise ball screw, servo motor forms, servo motor is installed Hall circuit board, by hall principle accurate feedback motor rotating cycle, to realize push rod carried out the purpose of accurately control, needed for adding man-hour by the flexible offer of push rod, stablize controlled static pressure。
Described pressure transducer 5 can be transformed into the signal of telecommunication pressure signal, and the signal collected is passed to PLC, regulates with this and adds the constant of static pressure in man-hour。
Described power supply box 17 has pressure display unit 18, on and off switch 19, zero-setting button 20, pressure adjustment knob 21, current adjusting knob 22, current/voltage amplitude display 23, returns to zero before rolling and processing, then set the static pressure added needed for man-hour。
The outside of described outer sleeve 12 arranges execution switch 7, outlet 8, fixture block 13, it is simple to adding fixing ultrasonic surface rolling device in man-hour。
Described static pressure auto-control is when processing load and changing, the signal of collection is sent to PLC by pressure transducer, static pressure instantaneous value and preset value are compared by PLC, by the flexible preset value to reach pressure of the processing controls push rod to signal, thus ensureing to add the constant of static pressure in man-hour。
Having eight screws on described pressure transducer 5, inner sleeve bonnet 14 has the screw of same size and quantity, pressure transducer 5 is fixed on inner sleeve bonnet 14 by fastening bolt 6。Spindle nose and the shell of described electric pushrod 10 all have screw thread, and spindle nose is screwed on the center screw of pressure transducer 5, and there is a screw at described outer sleeve bonnet 11 center, and electric pushrod 10 is fixed on outer sleeve bonnet 11 by two nuts。Ultrasonic vibration system 3 can be realized by push rod flexible to axially move in housing, produce static pressure with this。
Described can auto-control static pressure ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system in working order time, ultrasonic vibration system 3 does supersonic frequency mechanical vibration in the axial direction, and milled head 16 does supersonic vibration, and workpiece does ultrasonic burnishing processed。
Described electric pushrod 10 is a kind of power-jdriven gear that motor rotary motion is changed into push rod straight reciprocating motion, the present invention uses precise ball screw to join servo motor, servo motor axle is installed Hall circuit board, when load changes, pressure transducer 5 collects change information, and the signal of collection is sent to PLC, the signal that feedback is come is analyzed processing by PLC as central processing unit, pressure instantaneous value and preset value are compared, then send an instruction on the Hall element on electric pushrod 10, and carry out accurate feedback motor rotating cycle by hall principle, to realize push rod is accurately controlled, by the flexible force value making static pressure instantaneous value return to former setting of push rod, the constant of static pressure in rolling and processing process is kept with this。
As shown in Figure 2, described can the ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system of auto-control static pressure be connected with power supply box 17 by wire, industrial-frequency alternating current is converted to sonic oscillation by described power supply box 17 1 aspect, energy is provided for ultrasonic burnishing device, the flexible of electric pushrod is regulated and controled on the other hand by the signal of processing pressure sensor, thus regulating static power, static pressure instantaneous value is made to reach preset value and keep constant。Described power supply box 17 has pressure display unit 18, on and off switch 19, zero-setting button 20, pressure adjustment knob 21, current adjusting knob 22, current/voltage amplitude display 23。
Ultrasonic burnishing device, when actually used, is fixed by bolts on lathe by the present invention by the fixture block 13 on outer sleeve 12。First turn on the power switch 19, milled head 16 is made to contact with workpiece 1 by regulating the handwheel of lathe traverse feed, stop lathe, it is zero by zero-setting button 20 regulating static power, rotational pressure adjusting knob 21 carries out the setting of static pressure, will reveal whether the force value set, after being transferred to predetermined value on pressure display unit 18, regulating electric current makes ultrasonic burnishing system reach amplitude required during rolling and processing, and the execution switch opening ultrasonic burnishing device afterwards carries out rolling and processing。
The eccentric shaft-like workpiece of identical material is carried out the contrast of surface Hardening Treatment by the ultrasonic surface rolling device that existing and of the present invention feedback system is presented herein below。
Embodiment one
Use present technology that magnesium alloy shaft-like workpiece surface is processed。In this example, rolling and processing is the axial workpiece (shaft element adopts can exist small eccentric error during machine tooling, or there is some eccentric shaft type components in practical application need to do rolling nanometer processing and process) that there is processing eccentric error。Rolling and processing adopts spherical work head to roll at surface of the work。
In this example, each important technological parameters is: machine spindle speed is 250r/min, impacting the work head amount of feeding is 10mm/min, static pressure is 100N, processing comes and goes 5 times, selects oil-in-water type coolant as lubricating fluid, and work head selects bearing steel, diameter is 15mm, and work head output ultrasonic amplitude is 10 μm。
This example processing result: due to eccentric existence, shaft element both sides stress is not of uniform size to be caused, side stress is ideal, it is better that this sidewinders pressure effect, and opposite side is because of eccentric existence, and rolling power is bigger, rolling effect is poor, pit occur on surface, its surface ratio is rougher, even not as the effect before rolling。By the both sides roughness R that high accuracy inductance surface roughness tester is measuredaMeansigma methods is about 1.2 μm。
Embodiment two
Eccentric magnesium alloy shaft-like workpiece surface described in example one is processed by the ultrasonic surface rolling device of feedback system of the present invention, first static pressure zeroing process is carried out, then setting the static pressure (preset value) added required for man-hour, this processing still adopts spherical work head to roll at surface of the work。
Each major parameter of this example is identical with example one
This example processing result: use the magnesium alloy eccentric shaft class surface of the work unusual light that the ultrasonic surface rolling device comprising feedback system of the present invention processes, by the roughness R that high accuracy inductance surface roughness tester is measuredaIt is about 0.2 μm。
Contrast by case study on implementation one and the surface roughness value of case study on implementation two, can find that the ultrasonic surface rolling device of practical feedback system of the present invention can largely reduce surface roughness, because feedback system of the present invention enables to static pressure and is not always maintained at constant by eccentric impact in the whole course of processing。The visible constant roughness to surface to be machined keeping static pressure in ultrasonic surface rolling process has a great impact。
Embodiment three
The magnesium alloy eccentric shaft parts of the ultrasonic surface rolling device processing not comprising feedback system of the present invention is carried out circumferential hardness measurement。
This example adopts Brinell hardness tester to measure the magnesium alloy shaft-like workpiece surface layer microhardness of the ultrasonic surface rolling device processing not comprising feedback system of the present invention。Circumferentially about measure once every 30 °, finally obtain this kind of processing mode magnesium alloy circumference microhardness distribution curve。
The hardness profile that this example obtains is as shown in Figure 5, it is possible to find out intuitively, extremely uneven from 0 ° of-180 ° of hardness distribution, and hardness number is relatively low on the whole, does not realize nano reinforcement layer at material surface completely。This absolutely proves due to eccentric existence so that processing static pressure is unstable in the side of axial workpiece。And curve is substantially uniform from 180 ° of-360 ° of hardness distributions, and hardness number entirety is higher, is 1.5-2 times of mother metal, and this illustrates that the actual static pressure force value in this side and preset value are basically identical, and static pressure is substantially constant in rolling process。
Embodiment four
The magnesium alloy eccentric shaft parts of the same method ultrasonic surface rolling device processing to comprising feedback system of the present invention carries out the hardness measurement of circumference。
The hardness profile that this example obtains is as shown in Figure 6, can find out intuitively, it is distributed all highly uniform from the hardness of 0 °-360 °, hardness number entirety is higher, it is about 2 times of mother metal, this illustrates that the feedback system of the present invention is identical with preset value by real-time control actual static pressure force value, it is possible to ensure the quality of ultrasonic surface rolling nano reinforcement, thus realizing the purpose of processing eccentric shaft type component。
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations。All any amendments made for the present invention, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within protection scope of the present invention。
Claims (7)
1. one kind can the ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system of auto-control static pressure, it is connected with power supply box (17) by wire, it is characterized in that: pressure transducer (5) is fixed on the inner sleeve bonnet (14) of inner sleeve (4) by fastening bolt (6), has in the screw that threaded spindle nose is screwed into pressure transducer (5) center；Electric pushrod (10) is fixed on the outer sleeve bonnet (11) of outer sleeve (12) by two nuts (9), threadeds with pressure transducer (5) in front end；Inner sleeve (4) is connected with outer sleeve (12) by trip bolt (15), ultrasonic vibration apparatus (3) is placed in inner sleeve (4), described ultrasonic vibration apparatus (3) is made up of the horn (2) being fixed together and transducer, and there are hemispherical or semi-cylindrical recesses in the center of horn (2) front end；Milled head (16) is fixed on the front end of ultrasonic vibration apparatus (3) by inner sleeve (4)；Flexible by electric pushrod (10) makes ultrasonic vibration system (3) axially move, to produce static pressure。
2. according to claim 1 can the ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system of auto-control static pressure, it is characterised in that: described transducer is piezoelectric ceramic transducer。
3. according to claim 1 can the ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system of auto-control static pressure, it is characterised in that: described milled head (16) is cylinder or spheroid。
4. according to claim 1 can the ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system of auto-control static pressure, it is characterized in that: described electric pushrod (10) is a kind of power-jdriven gear that motor rotary motion is changed into push rod straight reciprocating motion, with precise ball screw, servo motor forms, servo motor is installed Hall circuit board, by hall principle accurate feedback motor rotating cycle, to realize push rod is carried out the purpose of accurately control, by the flexible offer static pressure of push rod。
5. according to claim 1 can the ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system of auto-control static pressure, it is characterized in that: described pressure transducer (5) is transformed into the signal of telecommunication pressure signal, and the signal collected is passed to PLC, regulate with this and add the constant of static pressure in man-hour。
6. according to claim 1 can the ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system of auto-control static pressure, it is characterized in that: described power supply box (17) has pressure display unit (18), on and off switch (19), zero-setting button (20), pressure adjustment knob (21), current adjusting knob (22), current/voltage amplitude display (23), return to zero before rolling and processing, then set the static pressure added needed for man-hour。
7. according to claim 1 can the ultrasonic surface rolling and processing feedback system of auto-control static pressure, it is characterised in that: the outside of described outer sleeve (12) arranges and performs switch (7), outlet (8), fixture block (13)。
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