CN109724865A - Tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set and test method - Google Patents
Tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109724865A CN109724865A CN201910142503.5A CN201910142503A CN109724865A CN 109724865 A CN109724865 A CN 109724865A CN 201910142503 A CN201910142503 A CN 201910142503A CN 109724865 A CN109724865 A CN 109724865A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test sets, including cabinet and it is fixed on the tunnel model of box house, tunnel model both ends communicate with the outside world, enclosure space is collectively formed in tunnel model outer wall and cabinet wall, country rock model is filled in enclosure space, cabinet and water tank are interconnected by water inlet pipe, water discharging valve is provided on cabinet, displacement meter is provided on tunnel model outer wall, pressure-measuring pipe is embedded in country rock model, pressure-measuring pipe is extended to outside cabinet and is connect with pressure gauge, and tunnel model has permeable and waterproof two types.And the test method based on above-mentioned tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set.It is an object of the invention to: aiming at the problem that current water pressure monitoring system does not in advance test the accuracy of the validity of its device and monitoring data, there is provided a kind of tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set and test method, it can be ensured that the validity and accuracy of tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring systems technology fields.It is supervised in particular it relates to a kind of tunnel-liner hydraulic pressure
Examining system experimental rig and test method.
Background technique
Under the special geologic conditions such as karst, although Tunnel Design has drainage system, when extreme weather,
It is possible to occurring the dangerous situation that high hydraulic pressure is born in tunnel-liner in a short time.Such as: earth's surface long-term rainfall on a large scale
Afterwards, the tunnel-liner behind hydraulic pressure in Karst Tunnel and the horizontal tape loop stratum of underground water may rise rapidly.In recent years, in
State Southwest Mountainous Areas newly opens the expensive wide railway of operation and changes in sharp railway line, more Karst Tunnels lining cutting behind water during rainy season
Pressure increases suddenly, leads to lining deformation, drum on inverted arch, and track deformation seriously threatens the car operation security by tunnel.
Although being directed to the monitoring system of rich water tunnel external water pressure on lining, the effective hand obtained as external water pressure
Section, is gradually applied in engineering.But the validity of the device of water pressure monitoring system and the accuracy of monitoring data have
To be verified in test.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: for current water pressure monitoring system not in advance to the validity of its device and monitoring number
According to accuracy tested the problem of, a kind of tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set and test method are provided, can be true
Protect the validity and accuracy of tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring system.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set including cabinet and is fixed on the tunnel model of box house,
Tunnel model both ends communicate with the outside world, and enclosure space, filling in enclosure space is collectively formed in tunnel model outer wall and cabinet wall
There are country rock model, cabinet and water tank to be interconnected by water inlet pipe, water discharging valve is provided on cabinet, is set on tunnel model outer wall
It is equipped with displacement meter, pressure-measuring pipe is embedded in country rock model, pressure-measuring pipe is extended to outside cabinet and connect with pressure gauge, tunnel model tool
There are permeable and waterproof two types.
Preferably, it is provided at arch springing or inverted arch for permeable tunnel model, on the outside of tunnel model longitudinal blind
Pipe, longitudinal blind pipe are connected to the external world by valve.
Preferably, water inlet pipe extends to tunnel model outer wall, molten chamber occurs convenient for simulation tunnel different location
Situation.
Preferably, the vault of tunnel model, haunch, arch springing, abutment wall, foundation, inverted arch lay pressure-measuring pipe and
Displacement meter.
Preferably, tunnel model includes outside just two lining of branch layer and inside, and two linings use gypsum material, just
Branch layer forms permeable tunnel model using acrylic board material with holes, and first branch layer is formed not using acryl plates material not with holes
Permeable tunnel model.
Preferably, country rock model uses fine sand material.
Preferably, water tank is provided with the bracket for adjusting its height, and the water for water to be pumped into water tank
Pump, and water tank side wall is provided with the sewer pipe for keeping cistern water level, water tank and cabinet pass through two diameters it is different into
Water pipe is connected.
Test method based on above-mentioned tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set: tunnel model uses permeable,
Penetrate into water inside tunnel model；Water supply pressure value is adjusted by adjusting the height difference between water tank and cabinet, is collected using drainpipe
The water that is discharged into tunnel model by tunnel model simultaneously measures water size, passes through the valve tune of tunnel model arch springing longitudinal direction blind pipe
Displacement is saved, the unit of box house country rock hydraulic pressure value, tunnel model inside and arch springing in the case of record tunnel conventional drainage
Time water yield, tunnel model displacement and malformation amount.
Preferably, further include the steps that the valve regulated displacement by tunnel model inverted arch longitudinal direction blind pipe, with
The case where testing tunnel optimization draining.
Test method based on above-mentioned tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set: tunnel model is using waterproof
Type penetrates into water inside tunnel model, adjusts water supply pressure value by adjusting the height difference between water tank and cabinet, record tunnel is not
Box house country rock hydraulic pressure value, tunnel model malformation amount under drainage situation.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: root
It is draining according to tunnel under not drainage situation, the relationship of measuring point hydraulic pressure value and liner structure periphery (circumferential direction) hydraulic pressure value calibrates two
Monitoring water pressure data in the case of kind, it is ensured that the authenticity of monitoring result；According to inverted arch arch amount and malformation amount and monitoring
The relationship of hydraulic pressure, test verification is to ensure the reliability of water pressure monitoring system early warning value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is tunnel drainage system conventional drainage schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is tunnel drainage system optimization draining schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the molten chamber drainage situation relational graph of different type.
Fig. 4 is model test apparatus system.
Fig. 5 is model test box drainage system.
Fig. 6 is tunnel model and template schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is monitoring section arrangement schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is hydraulic pressure and strain monitoring point layout drawing.
Label corresponding to component in attached drawing: 1- exterior sheathing, 2- inner template, two lining of 3- tunnel model, 4- tunnel model
First branch floor, 5- hydraulic pressure and strain monitoring point 1-8,6- tunnel model, 7- valve 1,8- valve 2,9- valve 3,10- valve 4,
12- pressure gauge, 13-U type mercury manometer, 14- cabinet, 15- water inlet pipe, 16- water discharging valve, the longitudinal direction 17- blind pipe, 18- cabinet,
19- water tank, 20- tank bracket, 21- water pump, 22- downcomer.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
Present embodiment discloses a kind of tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set, including cabinet and it is fixed in cabinet
The tunnel model in portion, tunnel model both ends communicate with the outside world, and enclosure space is collectively formed in tunnel model outer wall and cabinet wall, seal
It closes in space and is interconnected filled with country rock model, cabinet and water tank by water inlet pipe, water discharging valve, tunnel are provided on cabinet
It is provided with displacement meter on model outer wall, pressure-measuring pipe is embedded in country rock model, pressure-measuring pipe extends to outside cabinet to be connected with pressure gauge
It connects, tunnel model has permeable and waterproof two types.
For permeable tunnel model, be provided with longitudinal blind pipe on the outside of tunnel model at arch springing or inverted arch, longitudinal blind pipe with
It is extraneous to be connected to by valve.Water inlet pipe extends to tunnel model outer wall.Made by four water inlet pipe simulated water pressures of box house
Used in four different parts (position of i.e. four water inlet pipes) of tunnel model.When test by outside cabinet thick water inlet pipe or
Thin water inlet pipe accesses a certain of four water inlet pipes, simulates the corresponding site that two kinds of waters act on tunnel.In tunnel model
Vault, haunch, arch springing, abutment wall, foundation, inverted arch lay pressure-measuring pipe and displacement meter.
Tunnel model includes outside just two lining of branch layer and inside, and two linings use gypsum material, and first branch layer is using with holes
Acrylic board material forms permeable tunnel model, and first branch layer forms impermeable water type tunnel mould using acryl plates material not with holes
Type.Country rock model uses fine sand material.
Water tank is provided with the bracket for adjusting its height, and the water pump for water to be pumped into water tank, and water tank side wall
It is provided with the sewer pipe for keeping cistern water level, water tank is connected by the different water inlet pipe of two diameters from cabinet, is provided
Required water when different size of solution cavity.
The present embodiment also discloses the test method based on above-mentioned tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set: tunnel
Model uses permeable, penetrates into water inside tunnel model；Water supply pressure value is adjusted by adjusting the height difference between water tank and cabinet,
The water discharged into tunnel model by tunnel model is collected using drainpipe and measures water size, it is vertical by tunnel model arch springing
To the valve regulated displacement of blind pipe, box house country rock hydraulic pressure value in the case of tunnel conventional drainage is recorded, in tunnel model
The unit time water yield of portion and arch springing, tunnel model displacement and malformation amount.It further include longitudinal by tunnel model inverted arch
The step of valve regulated displacement of blind pipe, optimizes the case where draining with testing tunnel.
The present embodiment also discloses the test method based on above-mentioned tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set: tunnel
Model uses impermeable water type, penetrates into water inside tunnel model, adjusts water supply water by adjusting the height difference between water tank and cabinet
Pressure value, record tunnel not the box house country rock hydraulic pressure value under drainage situation, tunnel model malformation amount.
The present embodiment is described in detail below by way of model test scheme:
1. test objective
(1) feasibility and accuracy of high pressure water and deformation monitoring scheme are verified；
(2) the tunnel-liner hydraulic pressure regularity of distribution under drainage condition (circumferential, longitudinal) is obtained；
(3) relationship of measuring point hydraulic pressure and lining cutting hydraulic pressure under drainage condition is obtained；
(4) tunnel lining structure strain rule under drainage condition is obtained；
(5) relationship of (filling) the arch amount of inverted arch under drainage condition and hydraulic pressure (monitoring hydraulic pressure) is obtained.
2. molten chamber and drainage condition simulation
The geological condition that karst area tunnel is likely encountered mainly has the molten chamber of packed type and the molten chamber of pipeline type, therefore this mould
Country rock is divided into that there are three kinds of molten chambers of packed type, the molten chamber of pipeline type and homogeneous formation situations by type test, and considers different draining items
Part simulates the Karst Tunnel under the effect of high hydraulic pressure.As Figure 1-Figure 2, drainage condition is further refined as conventional row
Water and optimization draining two schemes.
Conventional drainage: it as shown in Figure 1, according to the initial seepage field around tunnel, is bored on the acrylic board that simulation is just propped up
Hole makes water penetrate into tunnel internal, and tunnel outer is discharged by valve 1.Drainpipe is set in two sides corner, and adds 2 He of valve
Valve 4 adjusts displacement by control valve 2 and valve 4, simulates tunnel drainage situation.
Optimization draining: as shown in Fig. 2, being respectively provided on the basis of conventional drainage situation in tunnel two sides corner and bottom
Drainpipe, and valve 3 is added, for controlling the size of tunnel bottom displacement.
It does not drain: just being propped up using the simulation of not aperture acrylic board, close all valves in Fig. 1-Fig. 2.
According to the above drainage condition modeling scheme, the drainage situation simulation of different molten lumen type formulas is as shown in Figure 3.
3. experimental group number
Experimental condition: conventional drainage situation, optimization drainage situation, not drainage situation.
Wall rock condition: the molten chamber of packed type, the molten chamber of pipeline type, homogeneous formation.Molten chamber diameter is 0.5m, 1.0m, 1.5m, 2.0m
Four kinds of situations.
Test simulation applies hydraulic pressure: 0.25MPa, 0.50MPa, 1.00MPa, 1.50MPa, 2.00MPa, 3.00MPa.
As shown in Table 1 to Table 3, experimental group number is 288 groups total.
Table 1- conventional drainage experimental group number
Table 2- optimizes drainage test group number
Table 3- disdrainage test group number
4. moulded dimension, the likelihood ratio, experimental rig and material
(1) moulded dimension and the likelihood ratio
According to model test purpose, the content of main analog includes high water level underground water, country rock, waterproof and water drainage system, lining cutting
Structure etc..The a certain range of country rock of test simulation tunnel perimeter, water pressure are added on the top interface of country rock, test lining cutting back
Distribution of water pressure rule afterwards.In view of ten thousand line Karst Tunnel high water level hydrous fluids location excavated section ruler of this test features and Zheng
Very little, excavated section radius is 7.43m, concrete-lined with a thickness of first branch 28cm, two serve as a contrast 50cm, 3 times of holes of country rock scope simulation
Diameter, the outer 14.86m of lining cutting.Tunnel longitudinal length is taken as 60m, while considering measuring instrument arrangement convenience etc., finally prototype is taken to enclose
Rock range is cuboid length × width × height=60m × 45m × 45m.Take geometric similarity than ruler CL=20, then country rock model is long × wide
× height=3m × 2.25m × 2.25m, first Zhi Caiyong 1.5cm acrylic perforated panel (considering just branch infiltration coefficient) simulation, two linings are adopted
It is simulated with gypsum.The water tank (maximum 16m high water head) that Liftable is manufactured in laboratory applies 15m to model country rock top surface
The prototype head of steady pressure head, simulation is up to 300m.
Other similar scales: by the above geometric similarity than ruler CL=20, select water to do simulation fluid, thus the bulk density likelihood ratio
Ruler Crw=1；Infiltration coefficient likelihood ratio Ck=1, time likelihood ratio Ct=20.Derive that other are similar further according to model similarity law
Than ruler: lining cutting behind water pressure likelihood ratio CPl=20；Seepage discharge likelihood ratio CQl=20；Effect of water pressure coefficient is characteristic,
Likelihood ratio Cα=1.
(2) model test apparatus
This model test carries out in certain university's Tunnel Engineering laboratory, and entire model test apparatus system is as shown in figure 4, main
It will be by water pressure loading section, model box portion, tunnel structure part (including country rock, first branch, two linings, guarded drainage) and hydraulic pressure
The composition such as power part of detecting.
Water pressure loading section uses the water tank with elevating function, and water is continuously replenished by 12 cun of water pumps, keeps water tank
Interior water level is constant in a certain head, and extra water is discharged by sewer pipe.Water tank and closed case pass through two high-pressure water pipes
Connection, the size by adjusting aqueduct valve are held essentially constant country rock top surface water pressure in chest during the test.It is close
Closed box body is the container placed country rock, tunnel lining structure and apply water pressure on country rock, is the capital equipment of this test.
As shown in figure 5, box sizes length × width × height=3m × 2.25m × 2.25m, directly uses steel plate, channel steel and I-steel in factory
Welding processing forms, and is attached between chest lid and cabinet with high-strength bolt, and the rubber pad of middle pad thickness keeps the close of chest
Closing property, and it is easy to disassemble, it is more advantageous in chest and makes tunnel lining structure and embedded pressure-measuring pipe.Chest is able to bear
The pressure of 0.15MPa meets the safety requirements of test water pressure load.And two side bottoms of chest or so, former and later two
4 water discharging valves are respectively set in side bottom, control the draining of tunnel surrounding and bottom surface, simulate country rock difference permeable boundary condition
Under seepage field.On two sides of chest or so, 2 drainpipes are arranged in tunnel height position, will be discharged into tunnel by lining cutting
Water discharge, it is convenient to measure the size of tunnel internal drainage amount.Water inlet pipe is set on top cover, is gone out convenient for simulation tunnel different location
The operating condition of existing molten chamber.A piece pressure-measuring pipe is installed in country rock top side location, accurately measures the size of country rock top surface water pressure.In chest
Former and later two faces on according to test section position, the fairlead of 4 pressure-measuring pipes is respectively set, pressure-measuring pipe is drawn by this hole
Cabinet out, and sealed with epoxy resin.Using law of connected vessels, water pressure test is carried out using mercury pressure-measuring pipe.
(3) cast material selects
The characteristics of in view of this test, the mainly water pressure and liner structure of test country rock and lining cutting behind
The arch amount of deformation and inverted arch, therefore various analog material selection gists are comprehensive control with the intensity of infiltration coefficient and liner structure
Index processed.
1. country rock need to consider comprehensive infiltration coefficient, it is similarly configured material (proportion is determined by test), country rock simulation is divided into
Homogeneous stratum, the molten chamber of packed type, pipeline type three kinds of operating conditions of molten chamber, the preserved pipeline of the molten chamber in simulation part be separately positioned on vault,
In the middle part of haunch, arch springing and abutment wall, using the can connection of adjustable water flow size between pipeline and tunnel model, to simulate not
Same molten chamber size；
2. just branch need to consider infiltration coefficient, simulated using aperture acrylic board；
3. two linings consider geometric similarity, is simulated using the gypsum of 2.5cm thickness, using intensity similarity, determine gypsum
Intensity and proportion.As shown in fig. 6, the bivalve exterior sheathing that the easy-to-dismount top of production, bottom can suture, simulates the acrylic just propped up
Intralamellar part makes internal model pressure-bearing, and gypsum is perfused between the acrylic board that exterior sheathing and simulation just prop up.
5. layout of the monitoring points
As shown in fig. 7, laying 6 water pressure monitoring points and 6 in vault, haunch, arch springing, abutment wall, foundation, inverted arch respectively
Monitoring point for displacement.Inverted arch arch amount is measured using dial gauge.It is pre- in the middle part of vault, arch springing and abutment wall under the molten chamber operating condition of pipeline type
Stay the molten chamber of pipeline A.
6. test content
(1) hydraulic pressure under testing tunnel drainage situation, inverted arch displacement and tunnel structure deformation.
Drainage situation: it according to the initial seepage field around tunnel, drills on the acrylic board that simulation is just propped up, penetrates into water
Tunnel outer is discharged by Fig. 1-valve 1 shown in Fig. 2 in tunnel internal.In two sides corner and tunnel bottom, drainpipe is set, and
2~valve of valve 4 is added, displacement, simulation tunnel conventional drainage and optimization draining feelings are adjusted by 2~valve of control valve 4
Condition.It is supplied water using water system to chamber, hydraulic pressure value is adjusted by hydraulic pressure force (forcing) pump, test simultaneously each position hydraulic pressure of interrecord structure
Value, unit time water yield, water system hydraulic pressure value and tunnel structure deflection etc..
(2) the testing tunnel not hydraulic pressure under drainage situation, inverted arch displacement and tunnel structure deformation.
Not drainage situation: first Zhi Caiyong does not drill acrylic board simulation, so that water is not penetrated into tunnel internal, closes Fig. 1-Fig. 2
Shown in 2~valve of valve 4, drain tunnel not.It is supplied water using water system to chamber, water is adjusted by hydraulic pressure force (forcing) pump
Pressure value tests simultaneously each position hydraulic pressure evaluation of interrecord structure, water system hydraulic pressure value and tunnel structure deflection etc..
7. expected result
(1) number is tested with hydraulic pressure, inverted arch displacement and the malformation under not drainage situation in the case of tunnel drainage respectively
According to, carry out mathematical statistics and correlation analysis, obtain draining and do not drain under operating condition, measuring point hydraulic pressure value, lining cutting circumferential direction hydraulic pressure value,
Relationship between water system hydraulic pressure value three；
(2) for statistical analysis to the hydraulic pressure test data in the case of tunnel drainage, it obtains circumferential under tunnel drainage operating condition
And longitudinal hydraulic pressure regularity of distribution；
(3) statistics and correlation analysis are carried out with water pressure data to the tunnel inverted arch deformation data in the case of tunnel drainage,
Obtain the relationship of inverted arch arch amount and monitoring point hydraulic pressure under tunnel drainage operating condition.
8. verification method
(1) according to tunnel under draining and not drainage situation, measuring point hydraulic pressure value and liner structure periphery (circumferential direction) hydraulic pressure value
Relationship, calibration two kinds in the case of monitoring water pressure data, it is ensured that the authenticity of monitoring result；
(2) according to the relationship of inverted arch arch amount and malformation amount and monitoring hydraulic pressure, test verification is to ensure water pressure monitoring
The reliability of system early warning value.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set, it is characterised in that: including cabinet and be fixed on box house
Tunnel model, tunnel model both ends communicate with the outside world, and enclosure space is collectively formed in tunnel model outer wall and cabinet wall, and closing is empty
It is interior to be interconnected filled with country rock model, cabinet and water tank by water inlet pipe, water discharging valve, tunnel model are provided on cabinet
It is provided with displacement meter on outer wall, pressure-measuring pipe is embedded in country rock model, pressure-measuring pipe is extended to outside cabinet and connect with pressure gauge, tunnel
Road model has permeable and waterproof two types.
2. tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: for permeable tunnel
Road model is provided with longitudinal blind pipe at arch springing or inverted arch on the outside of tunnel model, and longitudinal blind pipe is connected to the external world by valve.
3. tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: water inlet pipe extends to
Tunnel model outer wall.
4. tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in tunnel model
Vault, haunch, arch springing, abutment wall, foundation, inverted arch lay pressure-measuring pipe and displacement meter.
5. tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: tunnel model includes
Just two lining of branch layer and inside, two linings use gypsum material in outside, and first branch layer is formed permeable using acrylic board material with holes
Type tunnel model, first branch layer form impermeable water type tunnel model using acryl plates material not with holes.
6. tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: country rock model uses
Fine sand material.
7. tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: water tank setting is useful
In the bracket for adjusting its height, and the water pump for water to be pumped into water tank, and water tank side wall is provided with for keeping Water in Water Tank
The sewer pipe of position, water tank are connected from cabinet by the different water inlet pipe of two diameters.
8. the test method based on tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: tunnel
Road model uses permeable, penetrates into water inside tunnel model；Water supply pressure is adjusted by adjusting the height difference between water tank and cabinet
Value collects the water discharged into tunnel model by tunnel model using drainpipe and measures water size, encircleed by tunnel model
The valve regulated displacement of foot longitudinal direction blind pipe, record tunnel conventional drainage in the case of box house country rock hydraulic pressure value, tunnel mould
The unit time water yield of type inside and arch springing, tunnel model displacement and malformation amount.
9. the test method of tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set according to claim 8, which is characterized in that also
Include the steps that the valve regulated displacement by tunnel model inverted arch longitudinal direction blind pipe, the case where draining is optimized with testing tunnel.
10. the test method based on tunnel-liner water pressure monitoring STS system test set described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Tunnel model uses impermeable water type, penetrates into water inside tunnel model, adjusts and supplies by adjusting the height difference between water tank and cabinet
Water hydraulic pressure value, record tunnel not the box house country rock hydraulic pressure value under drainage situation, tunnel model malformation amount.
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