CN1097159C - 用于从海水的垂直运动转化能量的设备 - Google Patents

用于从海水的垂直运动转化能量的设备 Download PDF

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CN1097159C
CN1097159C CN98803355A CN98803355A CN1097159C CN 1097159 C CN1097159 C CN 1097159C CN 98803355 A CN98803355 A CN 98803355A CN 98803355 A CN98803355 A CN 98803355A CN 1097159 C CN1097159 C CN 1097159C
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扎卡里亚·哈利勒·多莱
拉尼·扎卡里亚·多莱
约翰·道格拉斯·洛克
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/1825—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for 360° rotation
    • F03B13/183—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for 360° rotation of a turbine-like wom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
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    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/187—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem and the wom directly actuates the piston of a pump
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    • F03B13/22—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the flow of water resulting from wave movements to drive a motor or turbine
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Abstract

一种用于从海水的垂直运动转化能量的设备，包括一个基本上垂直地放在海底(2)上的中空体(1)，在其壁上以能使水自由进出该中空体的方式设置至少一个孔洞(14)，还包括一浮体(7)，该浮体可由于海水水位的运动而在垂直方向上相对于上述中空体运动并与上述中空体中的空间相通，以便改变其体积，从而将流体流引入中空体中，用来驱动一与能量发生装置直接或间接相连的螺旋桨。

Description

用于从海水的垂直运动转化能量的设备
发明的技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于从海水的垂直运动转化能量的设备，它包括一中空体，该中空体被基本上垂直地施加于海底上，在其壁上以这样一种方式设置至少一个孔洞，即使水能够自由地进出该中空体。
发明的背景技术
由波浪、浪潮和潮汐引起的海水运动已用于许多公知的方案来转化其能量。
发明概述
本发明的目的是改进这种设备。
根据本发明，这是通过一种用于从海水的垂直运动转化能量的设备来实现的，该设备包括一浮体，该浮体可通过海水面的运动在垂直方向上相对于上述中空体运动，并与上述中空体中的空间连通，以便改变其体积。
随着中空体体积的增加和减少，一流体流被引入中空体内。该流体流用于驱动一与能量发生装置直接或间接相连的螺旋桨。
中空体最好具有平行的侧壁，而浮体包括一用来关闭其顶部或底部开口的盖形件。该盖形件随海水的垂直运动沿中空体的侧壁上下移动。
根据本发明的一个实施例，在盖上设有与外界相通的阀装置，一出口设在盖上，该出口设有阀装置并与一空气储罐相连通，而该空气储罐与一螺旋桨相连通，该螺旋桨与能量发生装置相连。在该实施例中，引入中空体内的流体流包括一液体流和一空气流，而空气流用来驱动螺旋桨。
在一优选实施例中，空气储罐位于上述盖中。
当在中空体的上述侧壁之间设置一变窄通道时，流体流将被加速。
在本发明的另一实施例中，在通道内设置了一个与能量发生装置相连的螺旋桨。在该实施例中，流体流直接驱动一螺旋桨。由于流体在通道中被加速，所以已最佳利用了螺旋桨的驱动可能性。
当盖位于海水水面之上时，设置了至少一个孔洞。通过这种方式，可将被封闭在盖下面的空气排到大气中。盖上可设置一安装在上述或各孔洞上的罩盖，该罩盖由气动装置致动。当需要时，该罩盖可从孔洞上升起，以便排出截留的空气。
优选地，浮体包括盖及与盖相连的至少一个浮动件。盖通过浮动件的作用而上下运动。
通过浮动件传递给盖的海水运动的效果可通过一液压放大器放大，该液压放大器包括具有不同直径的两个活塞/液压缸，一个活塞与浮动件相连，另一活塞与盖相连。
在一些实施例中，为了获得螺旋桨的单向旋转，根据中空体中流体流的方向对螺旋桨的叶片进行顺桨。
在一优选实施例中，将叶片插在与小齿轮相连的轴上，该小齿轮与齿条啮合，而该齿条与致动装置相连。通过这种方式，叶片能够转到正确的角度位置，从而与流体流的方向无关地单向转动螺旋桨。
在一优选实施例中，致动装置由垂直于中空体中的流体流地设置在螺旋桨的顶部和/或底部的板构成。通道中的流体流的力将螺旋桨的叶片推入正确的取向。
在本发明的另一实施例中，浮体包括一将中空体中的流体与海水分开的隔膜，及密度低于海水的流体本身。根据该实施例，没有使用需导向的可移动件。
在该实施例中，流体的类型和体积及中空体的形状是这样选定的，即根据海水水面的垂直运动的一预定频率，流体以其自己的自然频率振动(共振)。当海面的振动频率与流体的自然频率一致时，中空体内流体的振幅将达到最大。
根据本发明，可以将多个平行设置的设备的输出端与一公共轴相连。
附图的简要说明
借助于附图，将阐明本发明。
图1示出了本发明设备的第一实施例的剖视图；
图2用图解法示出了多个平行的图1所示设备的布局；
图3示出了第二实施例的剖视图；
图4示出了第三实施例的剖视图；
图5示出了第四实施例的剖视图；
图6示出了第五实施例的剖视图，其中盖和中空体具有另一种配置；
图7示出了带有一液压放大器的第六实施例的剖视图；
图8示出了按照本发明顺桨的叶片的一实施例；
图9示出了第七实施例的剖视图；
图10示出了第八实施例的剖视图。
最佳实施方式
在各图中，中空体均由1表示，浮体由7表示。
根据图1的设备的第一实施例被放于海底2上，它包括一带有平行侧壁3的中空体1。中空体1中，在侧壁3之间设置了一个变窄的通道4。浮体7包括一将中空体1中的流体10与海水分开的隔膜9及流体10本身。
第一空间由向内延伸部5，6，中空体1的壁3及柔性的隔膜件9限定。当海水处于低水位N1时，隔膜9处于下拉位置，而当海水处于高水位N2时，隔膜9沿箭头P的方向移动，流体10从第一空间沿向上方向进入第二空间。第二空间位于中空体1的上部并由向内延伸部5，6，中空体1的壁3及中空体1的顶部8限定。由于变窄的通道4，在通道4中的流体被加速。通过通道4的流体驱动一螺旋桨11。螺旋桨11通过一轴12与一发电机13相连，用来产生电能。当海水水位从N2下降到N1时，位于第二空间中的流体由于重力而回流到第一空间，并再次驱动螺旋桨11。在中空体1的下部壁3上设置了用于使海水进入的孔洞14。在顶部8上设有孔洞15，16，当流体充入第二空间时，该孔洞可使空气逸出。
图2中，本发明的设备平行地立在海床上。各设备的输出轴与一公共轴连接。
在根据图3的第二实施例中，设备包括一中空体。在中空体1内部，在向内延伸部5，6之间设置了一个变窄的通道4。两个空间24和25分别位于通道4的两侧。中空体1的顶部8由盖26盖住，该盖26与浮动件27，28相连。浮体7包括盖26和浮动件27，28。盖可由罩盖29封闭。罩盖29可通过致动装置30，如液压装置移动，以使截留的空气排到大气中。由于共振的缘故，只有当外部海水水位的运动与中空体1内部海水水位的运动处于同一方向且比它快时，才将罩盖29关闭。如果波浪的运动通过浮动件27，28传递给罩盖29，从而罩盖29上下运动，则被封闭在罩盖29与中空体1中的海水水面之间的空气将分别被压缩和膨胀，从而海水柱将流过通道4，而涡轮11将被驱动。为了调节中空体1内空气的体积，可以关闭或打开罩盖29。
在中空体1的下部设置了可关闭的孔洞14。由此可对中空体1内流体柱的长度进行调节，从而可将其自然频率调节成海水运动的频率。
在盖内部设置了传感器34，35来测量盖相对于水柱上表面的运动速度。
本发明设备的第三个实施例在图4中示出。该设备包括一中空体1，该中空体1通过支腿17立于海床上，并留有孔洞14使海水进入。中空体1的顶部由盖26封闭，该盖26可通过依次被海浪移动的浮动件27，28的动作而自由地上下移动。当浮动件27，28在海浪上向上移动时，将使盖26相对于中空体1向上运动。一空气螺旋桨11安装在盖26上并与一发电机13相连，该发电机13通过框架18支承在盖上。
这种布局提供了一种动力系统，该动力系统实际上是两个串联的弹簧。根据阿基米德定律，在盖26下被压缩的空气相当于一个弹簧，在中空体1中的水相当于一个弹簧。当盖26运动时，空气将被压缩和拉伸。这又将导致水在中空体1中振动。螺旋桨11将装有能够被顺桨的叶片，从而不论盖26的运动方向怎样，螺旋桨11都将总沿同一方向旋转。由螺旋桨11施加的阻尼程度必须使中空体1中振动的水柱的流体动力学特性最优化，从而将装置调节到浪潮的基本频率。
图5示出了本发明设备的另一个实施例，与图3中的实施例相反，本实施例完全位于海水水面之下。在浮动件27的作用下，盖26沿中空体1的侧壁3上下运动。流过通道4的水驱动一个螺旋桨11。螺旋桨11通过一齿轮箱21与一驱动轴22相连，该驱动轴22又可用齿轮驱动一发电机，该发电机位于海面之上，与中空体1有一定距离。
图6示出了盖26和中空体1的另一种配置。在本实施例中，发电机13位于中空体1的顶部8上，并且盖26从下面运动。在这种情况下，中空体1由支腿17支承。水可通过孔洞15，16自由地进入中空体1的顶部，该孔洞15，16刚好位于最低的潮汐的海水平面下方。
图7中示出了使用一液压放大器23的实施例。液压放大器23由立在海床上的支腿35支承。浮动件27与一活塞31相连，该活塞31的直径大于与盖26相连的活塞32的直径。与浮动件27相连的活塞31在具有较大直径的放大器23的上部33中移动，而与盖26相连的活塞32在具有较小直径的放大器23的下部34中移动。显然，盖26的运动将被放大，其放大系数由大直径与小直径之比的平方限定。
图1，3，5，6和7中的实施例使用了一个由液体，即流体10或海水的运动驱动的螺旋桨，这存在一个缺点，即当流体流反向通过通道时，螺旋桨的旋转将反向。这可以通过使用一种允许叶片根据流体流的方向进行顺桨的螺旋桨来消除。
图8示出了带有可顺桨叶片的螺旋桨11的一种可能的实施例。叶片没有示出，但叶片被夹持在槽36中，该槽36开在轴37的本体上。轴37在螺旋桨11的本体中固定在与齿条39啮合的小齿轮38上。齿条39在顶部和底部固定在板40，41上，该板40，41可沿螺旋桨驱动轴12上下自由移动。参照附图，如果向下推顶板40，齿条39将转动小齿轮38，从而使槽36顺时针转动90度。这意味着叶片将转动90度。反过来，如果向上推底板41，则槽36将回到图中所示的取向。如果这些旋转正好发生在流体流的反向点上，螺旋桨11将继续以同样的方向旋转，从而极大地减小了螺旋桨11中的惯性力。
解决反向的流体流问题的另一种可能是使用如图9所示的布局。在盖26上设置一与外界空气连通的进给阀19和一通过导管43与一空气储罐42相连通的放出阀20。与发电机13相连的螺旋桨11设置在空气储罐42的排出通道上。在盖26的向上行程中，通过进给阀19吸入空气，而放出阀20保持关闭。在向下行程中，进给阀19关闭，而放出阀20打开，从而使盖26下面的空气通过导管43传送到空气储罐42中。在空气储罐中的空气用来驱动无需具有可顺桨的叶片的螺旋桨11。
在图10的实施例中，空气储罐42有利地位于盖26下面。其功能类似于图9中所示的实施例，不同之处在于，空气储存在位于盖26下面的空气储罐42中，并驱动安装在盖26上的螺旋桨11。
在使用盖26的实施例中，盖26可自由旋转，并可使用装置来自动对盖26进行定位，以使浮动件27，28面对接着到来的波前。
应注意，还可以安装一个风力涡轮机，用来对海面上的浪潮加力。这可以在海相对平静而又有较强风的情况下使用。风能转化为水中的波浪可通过任何适当的装置来完成，例如通过在海面上吹动喷射气流或其它方法。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于从海水的垂直运动转化能量的设备，包括：
一中空体(1)，该中空体(1)基本上垂直地施加在海底(2)上，在其壁上以能使水自由进出该中空体(1)的方式设置至少一个孔洞(14)，
一浮体(7)，该浮体(7)可由于海水水位的运动而在垂直方向上相对于上述中空体运动，及
一螺旋桨(11)，该螺旋桨(11)与能量发生装置(13)连接，
其特征在于，浮体(7)与上述中空体(1)中的空间相通，以便改变其体积，从而在中空体(1)中产生一流体流来驱动螺旋桨(11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，上述中空体(1)具有平行的侧壁(3)，而上述浮体(7)包括一用于关闭其顶部或底部开口的盖形件(26)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，上述盖(26)设有与外部空气相通的阀装置(19)，一出口设在上述盖(26)上，上述出口设有阀装置(20)并与一空气储罐(42)相通，而该空气储罐(42)与一螺旋桨(11)相通，该螺旋桨(11)与能量发生装置(13)连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，上述空气储罐(42)位于上述盖(26)中。
5.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，上述中空体(1)在上述侧壁(3)之间设有一变窄的通道(4)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，与能量发生装置(13)相连的螺旋桨(11)设在上述通道(4)内。
7.根据权利要求2、5或6所述的设备，其特征在于，盖(26)设有至少一个孔洞(15，16)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其特征在于，盖(26)设有一安装到上述或各孔洞(15，16)上的罩盖(29)，上述罩盖(29)由气动的或任何其它装置(30)驱动。
9.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，上述浮体(7)包括上述盖(26)和与上述盖(26)相连的至少一个浮动件(27，28)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，设有一液压放大器(23)，它包括两个具有不同直径的活塞/液压缸(31，33；32，34)，一活塞(31)与上述浮动件(27，28)相连，另一活塞(32)与上述盖(26)相连。
11.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其特征在于，上述螺旋桨(11)的叶片可根据上述中空体(1)内流体流的方向进行顺桨。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其特征在于，上述叶片插在固定在小齿轮(38)上的轴(37)上，该小齿轮(38)与齿条(39)啮合，而上述齿条(39)固定在致动装置上。
13.根据权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，上述致动装置由与上述通道(4)内的流体流垂直地设置在螺旋桨(11)的顶部和/或底部的板(40，41)构成。
14.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，上述浮体(7)包括一将上述中空体(1)中的流体(10)与海水分开的隔膜(9)，及密度低于海水的流体本身。
15.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其特征在于，上述流体的类型和体积及上述中空体(1)的形状是这样选定的，即根据海水水位垂直运动的一预定频率，流体以其自己的自然频率振动。
16.一种平行设置如权利要求1-15所述设备的布局，其特征在于，各设备的输出轴与一公共轴相连。
CN98803355A 1997-03-14 1998-03-11 用于从海水的垂直运动转化能量的设备 Expired - Lifetime CN1097159C (zh)

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