CN109715376A - 通过浸渍特定预制品来生产复合材料部件的方法 - Google Patents
通过浸渍特定预制品来生产复合材料部件的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109715376A CN109715376A CN201780058303.0A CN201780058303A CN109715376A CN 109715376 A CN109715376 A CN 109715376A CN 201780058303 A CN201780058303 A CN 201780058303A CN 109715376 A CN109715376 A CN 109715376A
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- needle
- prefabrication
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- long filament
- fiber
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Classifications
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
- B29C70/48—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
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- D04H18/02—Needling machines with needles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2267/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof as reinforcement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
- B29K2307/04—Carbon
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种生产复合材料部件的方法,其包括:‑生产初始干预制品(101)的步骤,所述初始干预制品由单向连续干纤维形成;‑将非织造长丝施加到所述干预制品的第一主面(111)上的步骤;‑通过包括多个针(51)的针刺装置(5)来针刺所述长丝的步骤,每个针都配置有至少一个槽口,由此使得长丝由所述针驱动,并沿基本垂直于所述干预制品的连续纤维的方向排列;以及‑用浸渍聚合物浸渍所述干预制品的步骤,所述浸渍聚合物形成复合材料部件的基质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生产由有机基质复合材料制成的部件的方法,所述有机基质复合材料也称为聚合物复合基质材料,其包括连续的单向纤维和聚合物基质。
背景技术
生产聚合物基质复合材料的部件的已知方法包括生产初始干预制品的步骤,以及用浸渍聚合物浸渍所述干预制品(例如通过注入和/或浸入)以形成复合材料部件的步骤,所述浸渍聚合物构成了复合材料部件的聚合物基质。
所述干预制品通常由通过编织连续单向干纤维形成的织物手工制成,或者由包括通过缝合保持在一起的连续单向纤维的数个叠加层的多轴织物或NCF(非卷曲织物)织物制成。这些预制品具有高的制造成本,并且在由这种预制织物制造部件期间的浪费率是显著的。
为了使操作自动化并限制浪费率,已提出了通过自动铺设连续单向纤维来生产干预制品,所得到的预制品包括连续单向纤维的数个叠加层。所述纤维可以,例如,通过纤维铺放工艺通过辊施加接触施用,每个层都通过在模具上铺设一个或多个连接带而形成,每个连接带都由一个或多个带状的扁平纤维,如由多根碳线或丝组成的碳纤维形成。所述干预制品包含少量的粘合剂,通常小于5%,以保持所述预制品的内聚力。然而,通过铺设叠加层而获得的这种类型的预制品可能会具有不足的用以允许快速和令人满意的浸渍的渗透性和纤维之间的内聚力,特别是在高压和高温下通过RTM(树脂传递模塑)注射来浸渍的情况下。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种制造复合材料部件的方法,其克服了以上所述的缺点中的至少一个。
为此,本发明的目的在于一种生产聚合物基质复合材料部件的方法,其包括:生产初始干预制品的步骤,所述初始干预制品由连续单向干纤维形成,优选包括多个叠加层,每个叠加层都由连续单向干纤维形成;以及,用第一浸渍聚合物浸渍所述干预制品(例如,通过注入和/或浸入)以形成由复合材料制成的部件的步骤,所述浸渍聚合物构成所述复合材料部件的基质,其特征在于,其进一步包括:将非织造纤维或长丝施加到所述干预制品的第一主面上的步骤,以及通过包括多个针的针刺装置进行的所述长丝的针刺步骤,每个针都配置有至少一个槽口,由此使得所述长丝由所述针驱动,并沿基本垂直于所述干预制品的连续纤维的方向排列,对所述针刺步骤之后获得的增强的干预制品进行所述浸渍步骤。
通过所述针刺装置的驱动系统来驱动所述针前后运动,以使所述针穿过所述预制品,优选地从一侧穿过另一侧。在所述针在所述预制品的方向上移动期间,这些长丝的至少一部分被定位在所述针的槽口中并且由所述针驱动穿过所述预制品。定位在Z方向上(所述预制品的厚度上)的这些针刺长丝使得所述干预制品稳定,并且可以增加用于随后的浸渍步骤的所述干预制品的内聚力,从而避免在浸渍期间,尤其是在注入浸渍聚合物的情况下,所述预制品的分层。另外,由所述针和定位于Z方向上的针刺长丝产生的穿孔增加了所述干预制品的Z方向上(所述预制品的厚度上)的渗透性。
所述浸渍由此得到促进,并且可以在没有干燥区域的情况下以高速率进行,且不会使所述预制品劣化。在所述浸渍步骤结束时,所述复合材料部件优选包含至少30重量%的浸渍聚合物,和/或优选至少35体积%的浸渍聚合物,所述浸渍聚合物构成了所述复合材料部件的基质。
优选地,根据本发明的复合材料部件包含至少40体积%的连续单向纤维,优选至少50体积%,更优选至少55体积%的连续单向纤维。
在所述针刺期间,所述针的槽口由所述长丝填充,使得所述单向纤维不会或仅略微地被所述针驱动或损坏。在具有主要取向的连续纤维的预制品的情况下,所述针被布置为使得它们的槽口不能承载所述预制品的连续纤维,所述槽口优选地以所述纤维的主要取向的90°布置。
优选通过纤维铺放来施加的所述连续单向纤维为,例如,碳纤维、玻璃纤维、合成纤维(如芳纶纤维、聚乙烯纤维)和/或天然纤维(如亚麻纤维)。
根据本发明的方法可以有利地用于生产复合材料部件,特别是在汽车或航空领域。
根据一个实施方式,在所述施加步骤期间施加的非织造长丝由至少一种第二聚合物形成,所述浸渍步骤在低于所述第二聚合物的熔融温度,且优选高于玻璃化转变温度的温度下进行,从而在所述浸渍步骤期间,所述长丝确保了所述预制品的纤维的良好保持,特别是其对分层的机械抗性。
针刺密度尤其根据所需的渗透性和稳定性以及所用针的类型来定义。根据一个实施方式,所述针刺步骤期间的针刺密度在10与350针/cm2之间。在配置有叉针的针刺装置的情况下,针刺密度优选为150至350针/cm2,更优选为200至300针/cm2。在设置有每个都包括多个槽口的刺针的针刺装置的情况下,针刺密度优选为10至100针/cm2,更优选为40至60针/cm2。
所述针的工作部分优选具有0.30与0.60mm之间,优选0.40与0.50mm之间的直径(针数38至42)。
所述槽口的宽度和/或深度,优选所述槽口的宽度和深度,为0.03与0.1mm之间,优选0.04与0.06mm之间。
所述长丝的长度根据所述干预制品的厚度来确定,优选以针刺长丝穿过所述预制品的方式确定。此外,所述针刺长丝应当优选足够长以保持缠绕在所述预制品的第一面上,从而确保所述预制品的更好的稳定性。
根据一个实施方式,施加在所述预制品上的长丝具有10与100mm之间,优选40与60mm之间的长度,以及5与50μm之间,优选10与35μm之间的直径。
根据一个实施方式,进行针刺以使得由所述针传送的长丝从与已施加长丝的第一主面相对的所述预制品的第二主面上突出1与10mm之间,优选2至6mm的长度,这些长丝中的一些能够形成从所述预制品的第二面上突出的环。
根据另一个实施方式,特别是在厚度大的预制品的情况下,根据本发明的方法包括:将非织造长丝施加到所述干预制品的第二主面上的步骤,以及针刺存在于所述第二主面上的所述长丝的步骤。优选地,存在于所述第二主面上的长丝的针刺与存在于所述第一主面上的长丝的针刺是同时进行的。
根据一个实施方式,所述针刺通过叉针来进行,优选具有1与10mm之间,优选2与6mm之间的针刺深度。所述叉针的使用使得可以获得所述长丝的有效针刺而不会使所述预制品的纤维劣化。
根据一个实施方式,所述施加长丝的步骤包括施加由所述长丝形成的非织造纱或毡布。所用的毡布可以是各向同性的,具有随机取向的长丝,或者具有优选取向的长丝的定向毡布。在定向毡布的情况下,所述针,更具体地是它们的槽口,根据所述长丝的取向来排列,从而优化所述针对长丝的卷取速率。在具有主要取向的连续纤维的预制品的情况下,所述定向毡布被有利地施加到所述预制品上,以使得所述长丝与所述预制品的主要取向的连续纤维形成非零角度,例如,90°的角度。
根据一个实施方式,所述毡布具有5至100g/m2的表面质量,和/或设置有长丝的预制品包含1至10重量%的长丝,优选2至5重量%的长丝。
将所述毡布的一部分长丝传送穿过所述预制品,存在于所述第一主面上的未传送的长丝则可以通过剥离所述毡布来除去或不除去。
根据一个实施方式,将所述毡布的剩余部分保留在用于所述浸渍步骤的所述预制品上,所述毡布的非织造结构增加了所述预制品的渗透性,并且由此可以促进浸入和/或注入,所述毡布赋予排水效果,更特别是在浸入的情况下。毡布可以进一步增加所述预制品的冲击强度和/或改善所述预制品的表面外观。
所述浸渍步骤可以,例如,根据湿式浸渍法、真空浸入法、LCM法、RTM、HP-RTM、Gap-RTM或VARTM法来进行。根据一个实施方式,所述浸渍步骤由注射位于注射模具中的所述干预制品的步骤组成,所述注射在至少10巴,例如,大约50巴的压力下进行。
优选地,所述方法包括生产非织造预制品。根据一个实施方式,所述方法包括:生产初始干预制品,所述初始干预制品包括数个叠加层,所述层由设置有粘合剂的连续单向干纤维形成,所述粘合剂包含第三聚合物;然后,进行所述浸渍步骤,优选在比形成所述粘合剂的第三聚合物的玻璃化转变温度高,且优选低于形成所述粘合剂的第三聚合物的熔融温度的温度下进行。所述干预制品通过如下获得:施加设置有粘合剂的干纤维,和/或施加不含粘合剂的干纤维,然后施加所述粘合剂,例如,通过在施加表面和/或先前铺设的干纤维上喷射液体粘合剂和/或喷射粉末形式的粘合剂。所述干预制品包含小于10%重量的粘合剂,优选小于5%重量的粘合剂。
所述第二和第三聚合物可以为不同的,或相同的,或同一类的。
根据一个实施方式,形成所述粘合剂的第三聚合物和/或形成所述长丝的第二聚合物为热塑性聚合物,优选选自聚酰胺,尤其是芳香族聚酰胺(芳纶),聚酯,如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚醚砜,聚醚醚酮,聚苯硫醚,聚氨酯,环氧聚合物,聚烯烃,聚乳酸,聚丙烯酸树脂,以及它们的混合物。在热固性聚合物的情况下,所述第三热固性聚合物和/或第二热固性聚合物,例如,选自环氧树脂、聚酯、乙烯基酯树脂、酚醛树脂、聚酰亚胺、双马来酰亚胺树脂以及它们的混合物。根据其它的实施方式,施加到所述预制品上的长丝为玻璃、碳或金属的长丝。
根据一个实施方式,所述干预制品通过本身已知的纤维铺放方法而获得。根据一个实施方式,所述干预制品的生产包括在铺设工具上通过施加辊通过接触施加连续单向纤维来生产叠加层,每个层都通过在所述铺设工具上或前一层的条带上施加在一个方向上的一个或多个条带来生产,每个条带都由一个或多个纤维形成。
所述纤维铺放有利地通过本身已知的纤维铺放头来自动化,所述纤维铺放头包括:压实辊,其用于与工具接触以施加由一个或多个连续扁平纤维形成的条带;以及引导系统,其用于通过施加头相对于铺设表面沿不同轨迹的相对运动而引导一个或多个纤维到所述辊上。所述预制品包括,例如,2至100个叠加层。
所述连续单向纤维优选为扁平连续单向纤维的形式,通常称为丝束,包括多根长丝。所述纤维具有,例如,八分之一英寸、四分之一英寸或二分之一英寸(1/8"、1/4"或1/2")的宽度。如本文所用的,术语“纤维”也指大于1/2英寸的较大宽度的纤维,在铺放技术中通常称为带。
或者,仅在轨迹的开始和结束处,可以,例如,机械地或通过胶合将所述纤维固定到模具上,优选地在轨迹的开始和结束处,并且可能在距所述轨迹的剩余部分的表面上的一定距离处与所述辊接触。
根据另一个实施方式,根据本发明的针刺用于替代在多轴向织物NCF的制造期间进行的缝合操作,而后所述干预制品包括数个叠加层而不含粘合剂,施加到所述预制品的第一主面的长丝的针刺是,通过机械地固定所述预制品的层的纤维(例如,通过所述纤维所环绕的销钉系统)而实现的。
根据一个实施方式,所述方法包括:将在所述针刺步骤之后获得的增强的干预制品热成型(优选在压力机的阳性成型工具与阴性成型工具之间)以获得三维预制品的步骤,所述热成型在低于所述第二聚合物的熔融温度,并且优选高于所述第二聚合物的玻璃化转变温度的热成型温度下进行,对在热成型后获得的三维预制品进行所述浸渍步骤。或者,在将所述预制品放置在成型工具上之后,通过真空罩来进行成型。
在没有针刺的情况下,所述预制品在成型期间的变形是逐个纤维地进行的。在成型操作之前的根据本发明的预制品的针刺操作使得可以由于针刺长丝的滑动而获得所述预制品的均匀变形。
此外,存在于所述预制品的每个主面上的毡布的长丝允许所述预制品在压力机中滑动而不粘合。外部长丝通过限制或者甚至消除所述预制品的局部变形来稳定所述预制品的外表面,从而确保所述预制品的纤维的均匀变形。因此,根据本发明的方法可以促进成型工具与所述预制品之间的滑动机制,并由此限制或者甚至消除在成型过程之前由所述预制品与成型工具之间的摩擦而引起的预制品外层的纤维缺陷。
所述成型优选在低于形成所述粘合剂的第三聚合物的熔融温度,并且优选高于所述第三聚合物的玻璃化转变温度的成型温度下进行。进行所述成型同时伴有加热,在所述成型之前和/或期间将初始预制品加热至成型温度,以增加预制品的可成型性。所述初始预制品可以通过经过烘箱或通道在成型之前预热,和/或所述预制品可以在成型期间通过加热阳性成型工具和/或阴性成型工具来加热。优选地,所述预制品仅通过经过烘箱或通道来预热,不加热压力机的工具,由此简化了所述压力机的工具。
所述初始预制品可以是二维的,通过在工具的平坦表面上铺设而获得,或者是三维的,然后可以进行成型以获得复杂形式的三维部件,其不能通过铺设,特别是通过纤维铺放而获得。
附图说明
在以下本发明的当前优选实施方式的详细的解释性说明中,参照所附的示意性附图,将更好地理解本发明,并将更加清楚地显现其它目的、细节、特征和优点,其中:
-图1为根据本发明的方法制造的三维复合材料部件的实例的示意性剖视图;
-图2为图示初始干预制品的铺设操作的示意性侧视图;
-图3为图示施加在预制品上的非织造纤维毡布的针刺操作的示意性侧视图;
-图4为可用于针刺装置的刺针的示意图,以及图5为图4的局部放大图;
-图6为与图5类似的图示,图示了可用于针刺装置的叉针;
-图7为针刺后的预制品的示意性局部剖视图;
-图8和9为压力机的剖视图,图示了针刺后获得的预制品的成型操作;
-图10为注射模具的示意性剖视图,图示了热成型后获得的预制品的注射操作;
-图11为根据第一实施方式的铺设和针刺系统的示意性侧视图;
-图12为根据第二实施方式的铺设和针刺系统的示意性侧视图,以及图13为图12的局部放大图;
-图14为根据第三实施方式的铺设和针刺系统的示意性侧视图;以及
-图15和16分别为根据替代实施方式的针刺装置的俯视图和侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1图示了可以根据本发明的方法生产的三维塑料材料部件1的实例,所述方法包括:铺设连续纤维以形成平坦的干预制品,向所述预制品施加非织造纤维毡布,以及针刺所述毡布,形成预制品然后将其浸渍。这里呈现的部件具有带有环形边缘12的球形帽11的形状。
在第一步骤中,如图2所示,将连续单向纤维层以不同方向平放在铺设工具2上,以形成具有两个主要相对面111、112的初始二维干燥板或预制品101。
所述铺设是通过铺设装置3进行的,铺设装置3包括本身已知的纤维铺放头30,允许自动接触铺设由一根或多根纤维形成的条带。纤维F以两层纤维的形式进入头部3,并且所述头部包括引导系统31,用于将所述纤维以纤维带的形式引导到压实辊32,在纤维带中所述纤维并排布置,例如,基本上边缘对边缘地布置。为了能够随时停止和恢复所述纤维的施加,以及选择条带的宽度,所述头部在所述引导系统的两侧包括:用于分别切断穿过所述引导系统的各个纤维的切割装置33,用于阻挡刚刚被切断的各个纤维的阻挡装置34,以及分别进料各个纤维的进料装置35。通过所述头部相对于覆盖工具的基本平坦的铺设表面的相对运动来实现条带的铺设。所述头部包括,例如,支撑结构(未示出),在其上安装有所述引导系统,并且通过其所述头部可以被组装到位移系统上,所述位移系统适于使所述头部在彼此垂直的至少两个方向上移动。所述头部,例如,设计为接收八根纤维,并允许施加6.35mm(1/4英寸)宽度的1至8根纤维的条带。
所述头部用于由设置有粘合剂的干纤维来生产干预制品,以在铺设期间赋予纤维粘性并确保所述预制品的内聚力。由聚合物组成的粘合剂可以,在铺设之前施加到所述纤维上(例如,以纱和/或粉末的形式),将预先设置有粘合剂的纤维筒管装载到纤维铺放机中。如于2016年03月07日提交的标题为“在干纤维上施加粘合剂来生产预制品的方法以及相应的机器(Procédéde réalisation de préformes avec application de liant surfibre sèche,et machine correspondante)”的法国专利申请第16 70088号所述,所述粘合剂可以在纤维的铺设期间在线施加,例如,直接施加在待铺设的纤维(例如,长丝形式)上。
在预先设置有粘合剂的纤维的特定情况下,所述头部3优选配备有加热系统(未示出),例如,IR灯或激光类型,以便在纤维的施加期间加热所述粘合剂,并由此至少允许不同层的纤维的粘附。所述加热系统在相对于所述头部的行进方向的辊的上游在纤维被施加到施加表面之前加热它们,以及加热所述施加表面或先前铺设的纤维。
所述纤维为,例如,丝束型的连续扁平碳纤维,包括多根线或碳丝,具有以约2重量%的量存在的热塑性粘合剂。
在生产干预制品101之后,将非织造长丝或纤维40的毡布4施加到所述干预制品的第一主面111上,并通过针刺装置或针刺枪5对由此配置有所述毡布的预制品进行针刺操作,如图3中示意性所示。
本身已知的用于固定纤维垫的针刺装置5包括安装在支撑件52或针板上的多个针51,所述支撑件52或针板能够通过适当的装置53驱动,在平行于所述针的方向上来回运动。所述针刺装置包括:多孔支撑台54,其布置成面向所述针并用于支撑所述预制品;以及剥离板或剥离装置55,其放置在所述支撑台与所述针之间,设置有用于针穿过的通孔。所述支撑台还包括一组孔洞,以便在所述针穿过所述预制品之后允许所述针的通过。所述针刺装置,例如,配备有所谓的刺针51,如图4和5所示,其沿着其远端部分或工作部分51a包括朝向所述针的尖端的一个或多个槽口51b,以使得所述针仅在穿透阶段期间从图3中的顶部到底部驱动所述长丝。或者,所述针刺装置配备有所谓的叉针151,如图6所示,其在其工作部分151a的末端包括一个或多个槽口151b。
在针刺期间,所述预制品在标记为F1的箭头方向上被正向驱动,并且所述针被前后驱动。当向下移动所述针时,将所述毡布的纤维定位在所述针的槽口51b中并驱动穿过所述预制品的整个厚度,所述长丝出现在第二主面112上,如图7中示意性所示。针刺密度根据所述针的前后移动频率、所述针的数量和所述针刺装置中预制品的行进速度来定义。
在针刺之后,由未经针刺的第一面上的长丝形成的毡布的剩余部分可以保留在所述预制品上或被移除。根据一个实施方式,所述针的针刺密度和穿透深度(其等于所述针的尖端与所述预制品的第二主面之间的距离)被限定为使得所述预制品存在一定量的长丝,优选类似地,在其每个面上存在,表面上的这些长丝增加了所述预制品的渗透性,并且还便于成型操作。
根据一个替代实施方式,所述长丝不是以毡布的形式施加,而是以随机方式抛射在所述预制品的第一面上。
将设置有针刺长丝的预制品(称为增强预制品201)随后传送到压力机中进行成型操作,也称为冲压操作。如图8所示,压力机6包括:阴性成型工具61或基体,其具有凹槽,该凹槽的形状对应于待制造的预制品的球形帽12;以及阳性成型工具62或冲头,其包括一个互补形状的凸头。所述成型通过使阳性成型工具与阴性成型工具由图4所示的压力机的打开位置向图5所示的压力机的闭合位置靠近到一起来进行。
进行所述成型的同时伴有加热,使所述预制品处于构成粘合剂的聚合物的玻璃化转变温度与熔融温度之间,以及形成毡布的长丝的聚合物的玻璃化转变温度与熔融温度之间的成型温度。所述预制品的这种成型温度通过在压力机中定位之前预热所述预制品和/或通过加热两个工具61、62来获得。这种预热,例如,通过使初始预制品经过烤箱的红外灯的上下斜面之间或预热通道来进行。优选地,在成型期间,所述预制品通过张紧系统(例如压边器类型)保持在张力下的,如标记63示意性所示的。然后,工具61、62在打开状态下彼此隔开以使增强的三维预制品301从压力机中脱模。
随后,通过注入和/或浸入过程,对所得到的三维增强预制品301进行添加或浸渍热固性或热塑性浸渍聚合物的操作。参照图10,将所述三维增强预制品,例如,放置在注射模具7中,在所述模具的阳性部分与阴性部分之间,根据RTM(树脂转移模塑)或Gap-RTM方法,将浸渍聚合物在压力下注入所述预制品中,如由标记为F2的箭头示意性所示的。可以对在该浸渍步骤结束时获得的复合部件1进行修整操作。
例如,已经制作了以下的部件。
实施例1
-铺设:通过铺放具有在线施加的粘合剂的碳纤维来铺设预制品,所述粘合剂由具有约130℃的熔点和约15℃的玻璃化转变温度的热塑性共聚酯形成,所述预制品根据以下层压顺序,通过铺设八层不同方向的纤维制成:+45°/-45°/0°/90°/90°/0°/-45°/+45°。
-施加:施加由直径14μm、长度40至60mm和约200℃的熔点的长丝或聚酯纤维制成的非织造毡布,所述毡布具有各向同性的取向,具有50g/m2的表面质量。
-用针数40(0.45mm)、具有三角形截面的工作部分、每边有两个槽口或倒刺、具有50针/cm2的针刺密度的刺针来针刺。将剩余的毡布保留在所述预制品上。
-成型:在120℃的成型温度下成型。
-注射:在3分钟的循环中gap-RTM式注入热固性环氧聚合物,所述3分钟循环具有第一压缩阶段并加热至120℃约2分钟,和第二注射和聚合阶段在50巴下,置于真空下,进行约1分钟。
实施例2:铺设、成型和注射的步骤与实施例1的步骤相同。
-施加:施加直径30μm、长度40至60mm、大于200℃的熔点、具有60g/m2的表面质量的预氧化聚丙烯腈纤维的非织造毡布,所述纤维具有基本上各向同性的取向。
-用具有针数42(0.40mm)的工作部分、末端具有0.05mm深和0.05mm宽的槽口或分叉、具有200针/cm2的针刺密度以及5mm的穿透深度的叉针来针刺。将剩余的毡布保留在所述预制品上。
所得到的两个部分被均匀注入,没有纤维移位且没有干燥区域。
图11图示了根据本发明的铺设和针刺的系统108,其中将预制品从铺设装置3传送至针刺装置5,以及针刺期间所述预制品的行进是通过支撑膜80实现的。支撑膜自上游辊81处展开,在铺设板2上、针刺装置的支撑台与剥离板之间、然后是切割板83上经过,以及在下游辊82上被重新缠绕。所述预制品首先铺在所述支撑膜上,然后通过在下游辊上卷绕所述膜而被传送到所述针刺装置上。在该传送期间,毡布4从线轴40上自动展开以施加到所述预制品的上表面上。然后针刺所述毡布,在下游辊上卷绕所述膜以在所述针刺装置中逐渐推进所述预制品。然后将增强的预制品送入切割板83,以切割(例如,通过超声切割系统84切割)所述预制品周围的膜。然后可以将所述支撑膜从所述预制品上取下或保留在其上以用于随后的浸渍阶段,和可能的中间形成步骤。所述铺设优选在静止状态与所述支撑膜进行。预制品的膜的切割可以,例如,与新预制品的铺设同时进行。
图12和13图示了铺设和针刺系统208的替代实施方式,其中预制品被放置在第一带式输送机280的上段上,传送到第二带式输送机284以施加所述毡布,然后传送至针刺装置205的支撑台上,所述支撑台在这里由第三带式输送机250的上段形成,其在针刺期间确保了所述预制品的行进。第一输送机280包括安装在上游辊与下游辊之间的环形带281,所述上游辊与下游辊中的至少一个是机动化的。所述带的上段281a设置于铺设板2上,并且优选当所述带停止时,将所述预制品铺设在所述上段上。在铺设所述预制品之后,启动传送器以将所述预制品传送至第二传送器284的输送带285的上段285a上,所述输送带安装在上游辊与下游辊之间。根据所述预制品在所述第二输送机上的行进,将非织造长丝的毡布施加到所述预制品的上表面上,并且将配置有毡布的预制品传送至所述第三输送机的上段上以进行针刺操作。该第三输送机的输送带251也安装在上游辊子252与下游辊子253之间。所述第三输送机为毛刷输送机,其中输送带具有许多的刷毛,预制品放置在其上,并且其中,在针刺期间,针刺穿透,例如,限定在2与10mm之间的穿透深度。
图14图示了根据本发明的另一个系统308,其中将预制品铺设在非织造毡布长丝上,所述毡布用于将所述预制品从铺设装置3传送到针刺装置5,以及用于在针刺期间所述预制品的行进。自线轴40展开的毡布穿过铺设板2、所述针刺装置的支撑台与剥离板之间、然后是切割板83上,并在下游辊382上重新缠绕。相对于前述实施方式,所述针刺装置处于倒置位置,从而将针板布置在了配置有毡布的预制品的侧面上。所述毡布有利地为定向毡布,所述毡布被布置为使得主要定向长丝在所述毡布的行进方向上排列,以使得所述毡布具有良好的机械强度,确保所述预制品的支撑和从一个部位传送到另一个。
图15和16图示了实施方式的变型,其中配置有毡布的预制品通过夹具被安装到框架305上,针刺操作通过适当的装置通过框架相对于针刺装置5的平移运动来实现。在针刺期间,所述预制品,例如,保持在上游夹具351与下游夹具352之间,并且定位在所述针刺装置的剥离板与支撑台之间。
尽管本发明已经结合各种特定的实施方式进行了描述,但显然其不限于此,并且其包括所描述的装置的所有技术等同物以及它们的组合,只要它们在本发明的范围之内。
Claims (12)
1.生产复合材料部件的方法,其包括:
-生产初始干预制品(101)的步骤,所述初始干预制品由单向连续干纤维形成,以及
-用浸渍聚合物浸渍所述干预制品的步骤,所述浸渍聚合物构成所述复合材料部件的基质,
其特征在于,其进一步包括:
-将非织造长丝(40)施加到所述干预制品的第一主面(111)上的步骤,以及
-通过包括多个针(51、151)的针刺装置(5、205、305)来针刺所述长丝的步骤,每个针都配置有至少一个槽口(51b、151b),由此使得长丝由所述针驱动,并沿基本垂直于所述干预制品的连续纤维的方向排列。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述非织造长丝(40)由至少一种第二聚合物形成,所述浸渍步骤在低于所述第二聚合物的熔融温度的温度下进行。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述针刺步骤期间的针刺密度在10与350针/cm2之间。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,施加在所述预制品上的长丝(40)具有10与100mm之间的长度。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,进行所述针刺以使得由所述针传送的长丝(40)超过所述预制品的第二主面(112)达1与10mm之间的长度。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述针刺通过叉针来进行。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述施加长丝(40)的步骤包括施加由所述长丝形成的非织造毡布(4)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述毡布具有5至100g/m2的表面质量。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述浸渍步骤由注射置于注射模具(7)中的所述干预制品的步骤组成。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:生产包含数个叠加层的初始干预制品(101),所述层由设置有粘合剂的连续单向干纤维形成,所述粘合剂包含第三聚合物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述干预制品的生产包括在铺设工具(2)上通过施加辊(32)通过接触施加连续单向纤维来生产叠加层,每个层都通过在所述铺设工具上或前一层的条带上施加在一个方向上的一个或多个条带来生产,每个条带都由一个或多个纤维形成。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:将在所述针刺步骤之后获得的增强的干预制品热成型以获得三维预制品的步骤。
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2017
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- 2017-09-22 CA CA3033317A patent/CA3033317A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2017-09-22 JP JP2019537891A patent/JP2019529196A/ja active Pending
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EP0695823A2 (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1996-02-07 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | An improved process for forming fibrous preform structures |
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CN113478867A (zh) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-10-08 | 安徽纳赫智能科技有限公司 | 一种多工位冲压加工机构 |
CN113478867B (zh) * | 2021-08-06 | 2022-11-08 | 安徽纳赫智能科技有限公司 | 一种多工位冲压加工机构 |
CN113500738A (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-10-15 | 江苏德晴新材股份有限公司 | 一种用于加工r弧胚体的工艺 |
CN114872273A (zh) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-09 | 北京化工大学 | 一种连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料模内包覆注塑成型方法 |
CN115613225A (zh) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-01-17 | 山东江山纤维科技有限公司 | 一种改进型数控针刺机 |
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US20190224925A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
FR3056438B1 (fr) | 2019-11-01 |
FR3056438A1 (fr) | 2018-03-30 |
EP3519166A1 (fr) | 2019-08-07 |
JP2019529196A (ja) | 2019-10-17 |
EP3519166B1 (fr) | 2024-08-21 |
KR20190105561A (ko) | 2019-09-17 |
WO2018060559A1 (fr) | 2018-04-05 |
CA3033317A1 (fr) | 2018-04-05 |
US11491741B2 (en) | 2022-11-08 |
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