CN109702068B - Aluminum alloy hub spinning process and mandrel applied to process - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy hub spinning process and mandrel applied to process Download PDFInfo
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- CN109702068B CN109702068B CN201910137531.8A CN201910137531A CN109702068B CN 109702068 B CN109702068 B CN 109702068B CN 201910137531 A CN201910137531 A CN 201910137531A CN 109702068 B CN109702068 B CN 109702068B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy hub spinning process and a die core die applied in the process, which are used for solving the problem that the mechanical property of an inner rim of an aluminum alloy wheel is insufficient in the existing spinning process, and firstly, a 1# forming spinning roller in the existing three-spinning-roller three-pass process is replaced by a 4# material supporting spinning roller. In the spinning process, under the combined action of the material supporting spinning wheel and the forming spinning wheel, the free end material of the blank is subjected to a certain extrusion upsetting action, so that the free end material is subjected to a certain pre-deformation. Meanwhile, the unsealed large-angle corner structure at the inner rim of the mandrel in the prior art is improved to be a sealed conical sliding surface structure, so that the material flow condition of the part in the spinning process of the wheel can be improved, the deformation uniformity is optimized, and the performance of the inner rim is improved. The invention can increase the total deformation of the material at the inner rim of the wheel forming part, improve the material flow condition in the spinning forming process and reduce the machining amount after forming, thereby achieving the aim of improving the performance of the inner rim of the wheel forming part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy wheel manufacturing, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy hub spinning process and a mandrel applied in the process.
Background
With the development of light weight of automobiles, aluminum alloy is increasingly widely applied in the automobile industry, and is particularly applied to aluminum alloy wheels. At the end of the 90 s of the 20 th century, the spinning technology began to be applied to the forming process of casting the rim portion of the wheel, i.e., the spoke was formed by low pressure casting and the rim was formed by the powerful spinning process.
The low-pressure casting and the rim hot spinning are safer, more economical and more efficient methods in the current hub processing, and are widely applied. The low pressure casting meets the appearance requirement, the rim is subjected to hot spinning forming, the grains are refined, obvious fiber streamline is generated on the structure, and casting defects are as follows: the loose shrinkage cavity disappears after spinning, the strength and the elongation of the rim are obviously improved, and the overall performance and the corrosion resistance of the wheel are improved.
At present, a three-roller three-pass spinning process is generally adopted in China, and a casting blank is tightly molded by upward die pressing during spinning, so that the casting blank and a core die synchronously rotate, and the spoke mainly plays a role in fixing and supporting. The rotary wheel carries out local continuous rotary extrusion on the rim according to the track designed by programming, so that the rotary wheel is attached to the mold surface, and the rim is formed.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional three-roller three-pass spinning process. As can be seen in fig. 1, the blank 3 is clamped by the upper die 1 and the core die 6 assembly and is rotatable with the core die. The distribution of the three spinning wheels is shown in figure 5, the number 2 spinning wheels and the number 3 spinning wheels are symmetrically arranged at 180 degrees, the symmetrical central plane is the axial central plane of the core mold, and the included angles between the number 1 spinning wheels and the number 2 spinning wheels and the number 3 spinning wheels are all 90 degrees. The three spinning wheels 1# and 2# and 3# are subjected to asymmetric offset spinning according to spinning wheel tracks 3, 4 and 5 shown in fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of three spinning wheels. Fig. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of each of the rotor tooling paths and mandrel structures. The No. 1 spinning roller completes the first-pass spinning, the No. 2 spinning roller completes the second-pass spinning, and the No. 3 spinning roller completes the third-pass spinning.
Due to the large difference of axial sections at the rim, the deformation and the temperature field are easily influenced in the forming process, so that the tissue and the performance are unevenly distributed, and the local performance is reduced. In the spinning processing of the process, the spinning wheel distribution structure, the processing track and the spinning mould core mould structure of the spinning wheel cannot better paste the mould and cannot deform fully due to the complex structure of the inner rim part. While the A356 cast billet used for the cast rotor wheel is mainly in the form of feathered or thick needle-like structures due to the microstructure, and the mechanical properties of the cast rotor wheel are poor and unstable due to possible casting defects. If the deformation is insufficient and uniform in the subsequent shaping process, the performance of the formed part is easily insufficient. Therefore, the mechanical property of the inner rim part of the cast spinning wheel produced by the spinning process is much lower than that of the rim part, so that the overall mechanical property of the rim is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a spinning process capable of improving mechanical properties of an aluminum alloy inner rim and a die core die applied to the process.
The invention provides a spinning process of an aluminum alloy hub, which is provided with three spinning rollers, wherein one spinning roller is a material supporting spinning roller for carrying out preforming, the other two spinning rollers are forming spinning rollers, the material supporting spinning roller and the forming spinning roller are matched to enable the free end of a blank to be extruded and upset and pre-deformed, and then the spinning forming of an inner rim part is completed through the forming spinning rollers, and the process comprises the following steps:
(1) Clamping the blank through an upper die and a core die, so that the blank can rotate along with the core die;
(2) Arranging the two forming spinning wheels symmetrically about the axial center plane of the mandrel, and arranging the material supporting spinning wheel on the symmetrical center plane of the two forming spinning wheels;
(3) Setting upsetting pre-deformation of the blank;
(4) Respectively setting feeding tracks of the three spinning wheels, initial feeding quantity and residence time of the material supporting spinning wheels to the position reaching the initial feeding quantity according to upsetting pre-deformation quantity of the blank;
(5) Rotating the mandrel with the blank;
(6) The material supporting rotary wheel and the two forming rotary wheels are rotated in sequence according to a set time gap and initial feeding quantity is fed, so that the material supporting rotary wheel is fed to a material supporting position along a set feeding track of the material supporting rotary wheel rapidly, a blank is supported by the material supporting rotary wheel for a set time, free end materials of the blank flow forward to the upper side of the material supporting rotary wheel under the spinning extrusion action of the two forming rotary wheels, and the forming rotary wheels continue to feed until the blank reaches a set upsetting pre-deformation quantity;
(7) The material supporting rotary wheel is quickly retracted;
(8) And (5) enabling the two forming spinning rollers to continuously finish the spinning forming of the inner rim part according to the set feeding track.
In an implementation manner of the above technical solution, the shape surface structure of the material supporting part of the material supporting rotary wheel includes an upper arc surface, a lower arc surface and a transition inclined surface between the two arc surfaces.
The mandrel suitable for the process provided by the invention has a surface structure corresponding to the forming part of the inner rim of the rim, and comprises a concave arc surface, an inclined surface and an upturned arc surface which are sequentially and smoothly extended from top to bottom, wherein the outer side of the upturned arc surface is a horizontal table surface, so that a closed conical sliding surface structure is formed in the spin forming area of the inner rim of the rim.
In one embodiment of the foregoing technical disclosure, the height of the horizontal platform surface is lower than the height of the upper end of the inclined plane.
The invention sets a material supporting roller for preforming and three rollers for forming, and spin-forms the rim of the aluminum alloy wheel, which is essentially different from the three-roller three-time process in the prior art. In the spinning forming process, the free end material of the blank is extruded and upset under the co-extrusion action of the material supporting rotary wheel and the forming rotary wheel, so that the free end material generates certain pre-deformation; and then the spinning forming at the inner rim of the rim is completed under the action of the two forming spinning wheels. The upsetting pre-deformation not only can effectively eliminate casting defects, but also can play a role in expanding the diameter of a blank to a certain extent, and the deformation is increased, so that the structure is more compact, and the fiber streamline is strengthened; the deformation heat generated by large plastic deformation generated in the upsetting process causes a temperature rise effect in a deformation zone, and certain temperature rise causes certain temperature compensation when the inner rim is spin-formed, so that the deformation resistance of the material is reduced. In order to improve the mechanical property of the inner rim part of the rim, the shape surface structure of the spinning mould core mould corresponding to the inner rim part is improved to be a concave arc surface, an inclined surface and an upturned arc surface, and meanwhile, the outer side of the upturned arc surface is a horizontal table surface, so that a closed conical sliding surface structure is formed in the spinning forming area of the inner rim of the rim. The closed conical sliding surface structure can reduce friction flow resistance during spinning forming at the inner rim, and can form a corresponding three-way compressive stress extrusion interval when the material at the position flows, so that the material is tightly attached to a core mold forming surface, the deformation uniformity is optimized, the total deformation of the material at the inner rim is increased, the mechanical property at the inner rim is improved, and the machining amount after forming can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional three-roller three-pass spinning process (not hatched).
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the core mold of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion B in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the triple spin wheel of the prior art.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of each spinning wheel in fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of a part of a feeding track and a core mold of each spinning wheel in the prior art.
FIG. 8 is a schematic drawing (not hatched) of a spinning process according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the core mold of fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion D in fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion C in fig. 8.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a tri-spin wheel distribution of the present embodiment.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of each spinning wheel in fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is an enlarged view of a part of the feeding track of each spinning wheel and the core mold in this embodiment.
Number in the figure:
1-upper die, 2-blank, 3-1# rotary wheel movement track,
4-2# rotating wheel movement track, 5-3# rotating wheel movement track and 6-core mould.
Detailed Description
This embodiment is an improvement over the prior art "three-roller three-pass" spinning process shown in fig. 1-7.
The device improvements of the present embodiment mainly include two aspects.
One aspect is to replace the # 1 forming rotor shown in prior art fig. 5 and 6 with the # 4 material supporting rotor of fig. 12 and 13, wherein the shape surface structure of the material supporting part of the material supporting rotor comprises an upper arc surface, a lower arc surface and a transitional inclined surface between the two arc surfaces. Meanwhile, the movement track of the 2# rotary wheel in fig. 12 is changed into the movement track of the 1# rotary wheel in fig. 7, and the movement track of the 3# rotary wheel is kept unchanged. The movement track of the 4# material supporting rotary wheel is changed into a 3# track line in fig. 14 (a).
Another aspect is to improve the mandrel in fig. 1, specifically to improve the open large-angle turning surface structure of the mandrel in fig. 1 corresponding to the forming part of the rim of the aluminum alloy wheel into a closed conical sliding surface structure.
As can be seen from fig. 1 to fig. 4, the surface structure of the spinning die core corresponding to the forming part of the inner rim of the rim in the prior art is a multi-curved surface which sequentially extends downwards and outwards. I.e. the open large angle corner structure of this part.
The open large-angle corner structure of the core mold makes the friction resistance of material flowing in the spinning forming process of the inner rim larger, is unfavorable for the material flowing of the inner rim part, has forming dead angles, and the material of the part cannot be tightly attached to the mold surface, so that the material of the inner rim part is not deformed enough, and the mechanical property of the inner rim part is insufficient.
As can be seen from fig. 8 to 11, the surface structure of the rim inner rim forming part of this embodiment is a concave arc surface, an inclined surface and an upturned arc surface which extend from top to bottom in sequence, the outer side of the upturned arc surface is a horizontal platform surface, and the inclination of the inclined surface is smaller, so that the height corresponding to the horizontal platform surface is lower than the height corresponding to the upper end of the inclined surface. Namely, the shape surface structure of the position of the improved core mold is a closed conical sliding surface structure.
In the embodiment, the radius of the concave arc surface is preferably 8.1mm, the central angle is preferably 59 degrees, the inclined surface length is preferably 17.4mm, the included angle between the concave arc surface and the bottom surface of the core mold is preferably 28 degrees, the upturned arc surface is synthesized by two ends, the radius of a first upturned section connected with the inclined surface is preferably 6.9mm, the central angle is preferably 52 degrees, the radius of a second upturned section connected with the horizontal table surface is preferably 9.6mm, the central angle is preferably 50 degrees, and meanwhile, the second upturned section and the horizontal table surface are in transition through a small arc surface.
The forming surface structure of the forming part of the inner rim of the core mold can reduce the friction resistance of material flowing in the spinning forming process of the inner rim, improve the forming condition, eliminate forming dead angles, simultaneously form corresponding three-way compressive stress extrusion intervals when the material flows in the part, ensure that the material is completely attached to the forming surface of the part of the core mold, increase the dislocation deformation proportion in plastic deformation of the material, be beneficial to the formation of tissue streamline, increase the total deformation of the material, and further improve the mechanical property of the inner rim part.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the shape of the inner rim after the spinning forming by the conventional die, and fig. 11 is a diagram showing the shape of the inner rim after the spinning forming by the modified die according to the present embodiment. It is apparent that the mechanical properties of the inner rim shape shown in fig. 11 would be better than those of the inner rim shape shown in fig. 4.
The specific steps of the rim spin forming are as follows:
(1) Clamping the blank 2 through the upper die 1 and the core die 6 to enable the blank to rotate along with the core die;
(2) Symmetrically arranging the 2# forming rotating wheels and the 3# forming rotating wheels on the axial center plane of the mandrel, and arranging the 4# material supporting rotating wheels on the symmetrical center planes of the two forming rotating wheels;
(3) Setting upsetting pre-deformation of the blank;
(4) Respectively setting the motion track of the three spinning wheels, the initial feeding amount and the residence time of the material supporting spinning wheels to the position reaching the initial feeding amount according to the upsetting pre-deformation amount of the blank;
(5) Rotating the mandrel with the blank;
(6) Sequentially enabling the material supporting rotary wheel and the two forming rotary wheels to rotate according to a set time interval, feeding initial feeding quantity, enabling the 4# material supporting rotary wheel to rapidly feed to a position (35 mm from the lower end of the blank to 500mm from a rotation center) of a material supporting position shown in the drawing along a No. 3 track line shown in fig. 14a, staying for a set time to support the blank, enabling a material at the free end of the blank to flow forwards to the upper side of the 4# material supporting rotary wheel under the spinning extrusion action of the two forming rotary wheels, and enabling the forming rotary wheels to continuously feed until the blank reaches a set upsetting pre-deformation quantity;
(7) The 4# material supporting rotary wheel is quickly retracted;
(8) The two forming spinning rollers continue to finish the spinning forming of the inner rim part according to the set movement track.
In summary, the present invention first replaces the existing "three-pass three-wheel three-pass" process with the # 1 forming wheel with the # 4 backing wheel. In the spinning process, under the combined action of the material supporting spinning wheel and the forming spinning wheel, the free end material is subjected to a certain extrusion upsetting action, so that the free end material generates a certain pre-deformation; and then the spinning forming at the inner rim of the rim is completed under the action of the two forming spinning wheels.
The upsetting pre-deformation not only can effectively eliminate casting defects, but also can play a role in expanding the diameter of a blank to a certain extent, and the deformation is increased, so that the structure is more compact, and the fiber streamline is strengthened; the deformation heat generated by large plastic deformation generated in the upsetting process causes a temperature rise effect in a deformation zone, and certain temperature rise causes certain temperature compensation when the inner rim is spin-formed, so that the deformation resistance of the material is reduced.
In order to improve the mechanical property of the rim inner rim part, the invention improves the structure of the unsealed large-angle turning angle surface of the forming part of the inner rim of the mandrel in the prior art into a concave arc surface, an inclined surface and an upturned arc surface, and meanwhile, the outer side of the upturned arc surface is a horizontal table surface, so that the spin forming area of the rim inner rim forms a closed conical sliding surface structure. The closed conical sliding surface structure can reduce friction flow resistance during spinning forming at the inner rim, can form a corresponding three-way compressive stress extrusion interval during material flowing at the position, optimize deformation uniformity, increase total deformation of the material at the inner rim, improve mechanical properties at the inner rim, reduce machining amount after forming and achieve the aim of improving performance of the inner rim of the wheel forming piece.
Claims (2)
1. An aluminum alloy hub spinning process is provided with three spinning rollers, wherein one spinning roller is a material supporting spinning roller for preforming, the other two spinning rollers are forming spinning rollers, the material supporting spinning roller and the forming spinning rollers cooperate to enable the free end of a blank to be extruded and upset and pre-deformed, and then the spinning forming of an inner rim part is completed through the forming spinning rollers, and the process comprises the following steps:
(1) Clamping the blank through an upper die and a core die, so that the blank can rotate along with the core die;
the surface structure of the forming part of the inner rim of the rim, corresponding to the core mold, comprises a concave arc surface, an inclined surface and an upturned arc surface which sequentially and smoothly extend from top to bottom, wherein the outer side of the upturned arc surface is a horizontal table surface, so that a spin forming area of the inner rim of the rim forms a closed conical sliding surface structure;
(2) Arranging the two forming spinning wheels symmetrically about the axial center plane of the mandrel, and arranging the material supporting spinning wheel on the symmetrical center plane of the two forming spinning wheels;
the shape surface structure of the material supporting part of the material supporting rotary wheel comprises an upper arc surface, a lower arc surface and a transition inclined surface between the two arc surfaces;
(3) Setting upsetting pre-deformation of the blank;
(4) Respectively setting feeding tracks of the three spinning wheels, initial feeding quantity and residence time of the material supporting spinning wheels to the position reaching the initial feeding quantity according to upsetting pre-deformation quantity of the blank;
(5) Rotating the mandrel with the blank;
(6) The material supporting rotary wheel and the two forming rotary wheels are rotated in sequence according to a set time gap and initial feeding quantity is fed, so that the material supporting rotary wheel is fed to a material supporting position along a set feeding track of the material supporting rotary wheel rapidly, a blank is supported by the material supporting rotary wheel for a set time, free end materials of the blank flow forward to the upper side of the material supporting rotary wheel under the spinning extrusion action of the two forming rotary wheels, and the forming rotary wheels continue to feed until the blank reaches a set upsetting pre-deformation quantity;
(7) The material supporting rotary wheel is quickly retracted;
(8) And (5) enabling the two forming spinning rollers to continuously finish the spinning forming of the inner rim part according to the set feeding track.
2. The aluminum alloy hub spinning process as recited in claim 1, wherein: the height corresponding to the horizontal table surface is lower than the height corresponding to the upper end of the inclined surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910137531.8A CN109702068B (en) | 2019-02-25 | 2019-02-25 | Aluminum alloy hub spinning process and mandrel applied to process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910137531.8A CN109702068B (en) | 2019-02-25 | 2019-02-25 | Aluminum alloy hub spinning process and mandrel applied to process |
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| CN109702068A CN109702068A (en) | 2019-05-03 |
| CN109702068B true CN109702068B (en) | 2023-07-14 |
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Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004306062A (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-11-04 | Topy Ind Ltd | Method of machining vehicle wheel |
| US7797832B2 (en) * | 2006-09-30 | 2010-09-21 | Kosei Aluminum Co., Ltd. | Cast aluminum wheel manufacturing and products |
| CN102078895B (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2012-08-01 | 西北工业大学 | Method for forming large complex thin-wall shell with circumferential inner ribs |
| CN204035521U (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-24 | 天津戴卡轮毂制造有限公司 | Low pressure casting spinning structure |
| CN107895057A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2018-04-10 | 宝沃汽车（中国）有限公司 | The numerical analysis method and system of rotary press modelling |
| CN109175053A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-11 | 安徽耀强精轮机械有限公司 | A kind of wheel hub folding and spinning forming technology |
| CN209647328U (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-11-19 | 中南大学 | A kind of lower die of aluminium alloy wheel hub spinning mold |
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