CN102078895B - Method for forming large complex thin-wall shell with circumferential inner ribs - Google Patents
Method for forming large complex thin-wall shell with circumferential inner ribs Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forming a large complex thin-wall shell with circumferential inner ribs. The large complex thin-wall shell with the circumferential inner ribs is formed by adopting a composite spinning method combining strong spinning and general spinning. The method comprises the steps of: in forming, firstly determining the radius of an initial position to be ribbed on a plate blank, the height of the head of a filmed spin-forming part and the axial distance between a final ribbed position of a spinning piece and the top end of the spinning piece, and then forming by composite spinning in multiple rounds. In the method, under the conditions that only one core die and one set of rotary wheels are adopted, a prefabricated blank is not needed, intermediate annealing phase does not need to be adopted and no subsequent machining is needed, due to adoption of a reasonable composite spinning process, the flat plate blank is spun to form the large complex thin-wall shell with the circumferential inner ribs, so that the forming period is shortened, the cost is reduced, and large amount of manpower resources, material resources and financial resources are saved. The invention provides scientific basis for the spin-forming process scheme of the large complex thin-wall shell with the circumferential inner ribs and the determination of tracks of the rotary wheels, which is beneficial to promotion of further development of the advanced theory and technology of spinning.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mould pressing field, be specifically related to the method for the inside muscle large-scale complex thin-wall of a kind of contoured band housing.
Background technology
In Aero-Space and weapons field, the large complicated bent bus thin-wall case of the inside muscle of oral area band as shown in Figure 1 has very wide application demand and prospect.Approach zero because such part profile is complicated bent bus configuration and oral area cone angle, interior shape has muscle in the hoop, thereby complex-shaped, and required precision is high, so the processing and manufacturing difficulty is big.Zhou Qiang etc. have set up the three-dimensional finite element model (Zhou Qiang of the inside muscle Tapered Cup of band shear spinning based on Finite Element Simulation Software ABAQUS; Zhan Mei; Poplar is closed. the finite element analysis [J] of band transversal inner rib Tapered Cup spinning stress-strain field. and the plastic engineering journal; 2007,14 (3): 49-53), and then adopt this scale-model investigation to obtain the distribution characteristics of stress field and strain field in the inside muscle Tapered Cup of the typical band spinning process.What its result can be the inside muscle Tapered Cup of band rotary pressure process parameter confirms to provide reference frame.Ma Fei revolves numerical simulation and the experimental study that forming process has been carried out system by force to the inside muscle Tapered Cup of band; Propose the inside muscle Tapered Cup of band and revolved forming process reasonable process parameters of choice criterion (Ma Fei by force; Complicated Tapered Cup is revolved the forming process Study on Key by force; Northwestern Polytechnical University's Doctor of engineering paper, 2009).But above-mentioned work is primarily aimed at the mould pressing of the inside muscle Tapered Cup of band, and has just studied wherein the spinning work step by muscle Tapered Cup in the prefabricated taper base forming belt.People such as Wang Zhenjie adopt shearing to revolve by force and heat the general process combined method of revolving, the Thin Walled Curved bus type part of hoop muscle in this type of band that has been shaped, but the precision of its outer mold surface need guarantee through the machining in later stage; And this arts demand manufactures and designs spinning mould (Wang Zhenjie, the Ma Shicheng of at least two passages; Yang Jun; Wang Dongpo. the bent bus part of reinforcement mould pressing technology in the band. space flight manufacturing technology, 2006, (6): 42-43).Therefore this manufacturing process complex process not only, die needed many, cost is high, and the die change mode transfer is wasted time and energy in addition, more need reorientate after the mold exchange, has reduced forming accuracy.
Summary of the invention
Deficiencies such as the mould that exists in the prior art is many, spinning process is complicated, the production cycle is long, cost is high in order to overcome, die change mode transfer difficulty the present invention proposes the method for the inside muscle large-scale complex thin-wall of a kind of contoured band housing.
The present invention adopts revolves by force and the general inside muscle large-scale complex thin-wall of the composite spinning method contoured band housing that combines that revolves, and comprises the steps:
Blank dimension comprises the diameter D of slab 1
0, thickness t
0
I, confirm the thickness t of slab 1 according to formula (1)
0
t
0＝t
max+Δt (1)
In the formula (1), t
0Be the thickness of slab 1, t
MaxBe the maximum ga(u)ge of spinning part muscle portion, Δ t is the thickness surplus, and Δ t=0.5～1.0mm.
II, employing formula (2) are confirmed the diameter D of slab 1
0
In the formula (2), V is the part volume; Δ D is an allowance, and Δ D=50～70mm; D
0Diameter for slab 1; t
0Thickness for slab 1.
Adopt formula (3) to confirm to begin on the slab 1 to fill the radius value r at muscle place.
In the formula (3), V ' for the part top to the volume that begins to fill the muscle place; t
0Thickness for slab 1; R is the radius value that begins to fill the muscle place on the slab 1.
Step 3, definite height that pastes mould mould pressing part head;
Confirm that spinning spare cone angle is 15 ° of axial distances of locating with spinning spare top, with this as the height h that pastes mould mould pressing part head
1
Step 4 confirms that spinning spare fills the axial distance on muscle place and spinning spare top at last;
Confirm that spinning spare fills the axial distance h on muscle place and spinning spare top at last
2
Step 5, the multi-pass composite spinning is shaped;
Composite spinning divides 5 passages to accomplish; Comprise that first passage do not paste mould shear spinning head and non-muscle district, middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; The second passage mould pressing head, contraction spinning non-muscle district, middle part and contraction spinning oral area; The 3rd passage is shunk non-muscle district, spinning middle part and is shunk the spinning oral area, and four-pass mould pressing muscle portion and the 5th passage are pasted mould spinning finishing profile.
The practical implementation process of multi-pass composite spinning is:
I, the first passage spinning: the first passage spinning comprises and does not paste mould shear spinning head and non-muscle district, middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; Wherein do not paste mould shear spinning head and middle part non-muscle district and through two spinning rollers along the circumferential symmetric arrangement of core slab 1 is not pasted the mould shear spinning, the spinning track is a straight line, and by A → B.The angle of center line that does not paste spinning roller track A → B and the core in mould shear spinning head and middle part non-muscle district is 40 °, and the minimum clearance between spinning roller track A → B and core is t
0* sin40 °, t
0Be the thickness of slab 1, do not paste rising of mould shear spinning head and middle part non-muscle district and revolve an A outside slab 1, and and slab 1 between the distance of 1～5mm is arranged, do not paste mould shear spinning head and middle part non-muscle district the center line that revolves a B and core end apart from d
B=r-(5～10) mm.Shrink the spinning oral area and realize through 3～4 work step spinning, each work step shrinks and end that spinning oral area all do not paste the non-muscle of mould shear spinning head and middle part district with this passage revolves a B and revolve a little, and its track is straight line, is respectively B → C
1..., B → C
n, each work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area to be confirmed according to formula (4) with the angle of the center line of core, each work step contraction spinning oral area all stops to the edge of workpiece.
α
i＝40°+20°/(n-1)×(n-i) (i＝1，…，n) (4)
In formula (4), n is chief engineer's step number of shrinking the spinning oral area in first passage, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., n, α
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core center line.
In the first passage spinning process, the core rotating speed is 100～200rpm, and the spinning roller feed ratio is 1～2mm/r.
II, the second passage spinning: the second passage spinning comprises wrong apart from pasting mould mould pressing part head, do not paste mould shear spinning non-muscle district, middle part and shrinking the spinning oral area; Wherein wrong is two spinning rollers that adopt along the circumferential symmetric arrangement of core apart from pasting mould spinning; Carry out wrong apart from pasting the head that the mould mould pressing goes out such part along bent bus track D → E; Rise and revolve a D outside slab 1; And and slab 1 between the distance of 1～5mm is arranged, bent bus track D → E subsides mould length vertically equals h
1, and form a wrong E that revolves apart from the end of pasting mould spinning at the height place of pasting mould mould pressing part head.And the time difference that two spinning rollers begin feeding is 2s.Two spinning rollers adopt different clearance and feed ratio in the wrong distance in this zone: i.e. the spinning roller of first feeding according to formula (5) with δ
1The gap is pasted line and is walked, and feed ratio is 1.0～1.5mm/r; The laggard spinning roller of giving according to formula (6) with δ
2Mould spinning is pasted in the gap, and feed ratio is 0.8～1.0mm/r.The spinning roller that pastes mould is earlier processing h
1Highly promptly arrive the surface of the work that speeds away after this passage mistake is revolved an E apart from the end of pasting mould spinning, prevent and significantly repeat to roll impression.When the laggard spinning roller of giving also arrive wrong revolve an E apart from the end of pasting mould spinning after, just accomplished the subsides mould mould pressing of part head.Next; Adopt along what circumferential two spinning rollers of symmetric arrangement carried out non-muscle district, middle part and do not paste the mould shear spinning, the track of two spinning rollers is a straight line, rises to revolve a little for revolving an E end of this passage subsides mould mould pressing part head; Begin from revolving an E; The angle of two spinning roller edges and core center line is 30 ° a rectilinear motion, revolves the impression position that a B forms the end of in arriving the first passage spinning, not pasting the non-muscle of mould shear spinning head and middle part district and stop on workpiece, and form and revolve a F end.Not pasting in the mould shear spinning process of the non-muscle in middle part district, the spinning roller feed ratio is 1～2mm/r.And then carry out 3～4 work steps and shrink the spinning oral areas, it rises to revolve and a little is this passage and does not paste in the middle part of the mould shear spinning and to revolve a F end in non-muscle district, and the track of two spinning rollers is straight line F → G
1..., F → G
m, shrinking the track of two spinning rollers of spinning oral area and confirm according to formula (7) with the angle of core center line, each work step contraction spinning oral area all stops to the edge of workpiece.The spinning roller feed ratio is 1～2mm/r in the contraction spinning oral area process.
In the second passage spinning process, the core rotating speed is 100～200rpm.
δ
1＝t+(0.3～0.7)mm (5)
δ
2＝t±0.1mm (6)
β
i＝20°+40°/(m-1)×(m-i) (i＝1，…，m) (7)
In formula (5) and (6), t is the non-muscle of a part portion wall thickness, δ
1For wrong distance is pasted the spinning roller of first feeding in the mould mould pressing part head and the gap between core, δ
2Be laggard spinning roller of giving and the gap between core in the wrong distance subsides mould mould pressing part head.In formula (7), m is chief engineer's step number of shrinking the spinning oral area in the second passage spinning, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., m, β
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core center line.
III, the 3rd passage spinning: the 3rd passage spinning comprises and does not paste non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; Wherein not pasting the mould shear spinning adopts along two spinning rollers of the circumferential symmetric arrangement of core and carries out; Work that to revolve a little be to revolve of subsides mould mould pressing head in the second passage spinning E eventually; Begin from revolving an E; The angle of two spinning roller edges and core center line is 15 ° a rectilinear motion, revolves the impression position that a F forms the end of in arriving the second passage spinning, not pasting non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part and stop on workpiece, and form and revolve a H eventually.Do not paste in non-muscle district, the mould shear spinning middle part process in this passage, the spinning roller feed ratio is 1～2mm/r.
The mode that adopts 3～4 work steps to shrink the spinning oral area is then progressively dwindled the oral area of workpiece, and the spinning roller track of employing is straight line H → I
1..., H → I
p, the angle of each work step spinning roller track and core center line confirms according to formula (8), and they rise to revolve and a little be this passage and do not paste and revolve a H end in non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part, each work step contraction spinning oral area all stops to the edge of workpiece.Two spinning roller feed ratios of shrinking the spinning oral area are 1～2mm/r.
θ
i＝20°+40°/(p-1)×(p-i) (i＝1，…，p) (8)
In formula (8), p is chief engineer's step number of shrinking the spinning oral area in the 3rd passage spinning, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., p, θ
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core center line.
In the 3rd passage spinning process, the core rotating speed is 100～200rpm.
IV, four-pass spinning: adopt along two spinning rollers of the circumferential symmetric arrangement of core and carry out stepped spinning shaping muscle portion, the time difference that two spinning rollers begin feeding is 2s; Wherein the spinning roller of first feeding moves the straight path J → K of the spinning roller of first feeding and the minimum clearance δ of core along the straight path J → K that is parallel to axis of workpiece
Min=δ
2+ (8～12) mm, wherein δ
2Be that second passage is pasted the laggard spinning roller of giving and the gap between core in the mould mould pressing part head process, rising of the spinning roller of first feeding revolved a J outside workpiece, and with non-muscle district, workpiece middle part the distance of 1～5mm arranged, and revolves the axial distance h=h on a K and spinning spare top eventually
2+ 1～3mm, the feed ratio of the spinning roller of first feeding is 1.6-2.5mm/r.The laggard spinning roller of giving of this passage pastes mould mould pressing muscle portion along bent bus track E → L; It a little is to revolve of second passage subsides mould mould pressing part head E eventually that the rising of track revolved; The ordinate that revolves a L end of the laggard spinning roller of giving is identical with the ordinate that revolves a K end of the spinning roller of first feeding, and the gap of the bent bus spinning roller track E → L of the laggard spinning roller of giving and core and second passage are pasted the laggard spinning roller of giving and the gap delta between core in the mould mould pressing part head process
2Identical, the feed ratio of the laggard spinning roller of giving is 1.0～1.5mm/r.
In the four-pass spinning process, the core rotating speed is 100～200rpm.
V, the 5th passage spinning: adopt a spinning roller to wait the gap to paste the mould spinning mode and realize finished machined to spinning spare surface along mandrel surface.Wherein, The spinning roller track is bent bus M → N, rise to revolve a M outside slab 1, and and slab 1 between the distance of 1～5mm is arranged; The ordinate that revolves a N eventually is identical with the ordinate that revolves a L end of the laggard spinning roller of giving in the four-pass stepped spinning shaping muscle portion; And the gap of spinning roller and core is than the little 0.1mm of the non-muscle of part portion's thickness, and the core rotating speed is 80-100rpm, and the spinning roller feed ratio is 0.6-1.0mm/r.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the method for the inside muscle large-scale complex thin-wall of a kind of contoured band housing that the present invention proposes; Only adopt a core, a cover spinning roller, need not prefabricated blank, need not adopt under the condition of intermediate annealing work step, no follow-up machining; Only through adopting rational composite spinning technology; Just can successfully be the large-scale complex thin-wall housing of the inside muscle of band with the plate blank mould pressing; Shorten forming period, reduced cost, practiced thrift lot of manpower and material resources and financial resources.The present invention confirms to provide scientific basis for the inside muscle large-scale complex thin-wall of band housing spinning forming process scheme and spinning roller track, helps promoting further developing of spinning advanced person's theory and technology.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the part sketch map;
Fig. 2 is the core sketch map;
Fig. 3 is a multi-pass composite spinning shaping flow chart;
Fig. 4 is a multi-pass composite spinning spinning roller track sketch map.Wherein, 1-slab; The 2-core; A-first passage is not pasted rising of the non-muscle of mould shear spinning portion and is revolved a little; Revolve some the end that B-first passage is not pasted the non-muscle of mould shear spinning portion, first passage is shunk rising of spinning oral area and is revolved a little; C
1Revolve some the end of-the first passage first step contraction spinning oral area; C
iRevolve some the end of-the first road order i step contraction spinning oral area, and i=1 ..., n; C
nRevolve some the end of-the first road order n step contraction spinning oral area; D-second passage is wrong revolves a little apart from pasting rising of mould mould pressing part head; E-second passage is wrong revolves point, second passage apart from the end of pasting mould mould pressing part head and does not paste rising of non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part and revolve point, the 3rd passage and do not paste rising of non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part and revolve in point, the four-pass stepped spinning shaping muscle portion rising of the laggard spinning roller of giving and revolve a little; Revolve some the end that F-second passage is not pasted non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part, second passage is shunk rising of spinning oral area and revolved a little; G
1Revolve some the end of-the second passage first step contraction spinning oral area; G
iRevolve some the end of-the second road order i step contraction spinning oral area, and i=1 ..., m; G
mRevolve some the end of-the second road order m step contraction spinning oral area; Revolve some the end that H-the 3rd passage is not pasted non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part, the 3rd passage is shunk rising of spinning oral area and revolved a little; I
1Revolve some the end of-Di three passage first steps contraction spinning oral area; I
iRevolve some the end of-Di three roads order i step contraction spinning oral area, and i=1 ..., p, I
pRevolve some the end of-Di three roads order p step contraction spinning oral area; Rising of the spinning roller of first feeding revolved a little in the J-four-pass stepped spinning shaping muscle portion; Revolve some the end of the spinning roller of first feeding in the K-four-pass stepped spinning shaping muscle portion; Revolve some the end of the laggard spinning roller of giving in the L-four-pass stepped spinning shaping muscle portion; M-the 5th passage is pasted rising of mould spinning finishing profile and is revolved a little, and revolve some the end of N-the 5th passage subsides mould spinning finishing profile.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment one
Present embodiment be certain spacecraft with the inside muscle large-scale complex thin-wall of oral area band housing, this part shape is as shown in Figure 1, material is 3A21, the non-muscle thickness t=1.5mm of portion, the thickest t of muscle portion
Max=4.35mm.Concrete steps are following:
Get thickness surplus Δ t=0.65mm,, obtain the thickness t of slab 1 according to formula (1)
0=5mm.
t
0＝t
max+Δt (1)
In the formula (1), t
0Be the thickness of slab 1, t
MaxBe the maximum ga(u)ge of spinning part muscle portion, Δ t is the thickness surplus, and Δ t=0.5～1.0mm.
According to part drawing, confirm that the part volume is 448186mm
3, consider allowance Δ D=62mm, substitution formula (2) obtains the diameter D of slab 1
0=400mm.
In the formula (2), V is that part volume, Δ D are allowance, and Δ D=50～70mm, D
0Diameter, t for slab 1
0Thickness for slab 1.
According to part drawing, obtaining the part top is 369113mm to the volume V ' that begins to fill the muscle place
3,, obtain beginning on the plectane base 1 to fill the radius value r=153mm at muscle place through formula (3) according to the constancy of volume principle.
In the formula (3), V ' for the part top to the volume that begins to fill the muscle place, t
0For thickness, the r of slab 1 is the radius value that begins to fill the muscle place on the slab 1.
Step 3, definite height that pastes mould mould pressing part head;
Confirm that spinning spare cone angle is that 15 ° of axial distances of locating with spinning spare top are 145mm, therefore confirms to paste the height h of mould mould pressing part head
1=145mm.
Step 4 confirms that spinning spare fills the axial distance on muscle place and spinning spare top at last;
According to part drawing, confirm that spinning spare fills the axial distance h on muscle place and spinning spare top at last
2=305mm.
Step 5, the multi-pass composite spinning is shaped;
Composite spinning divides 5 passages to accomplish; As shown in Figure 4; Comprise that first passage do not paste mould shear spinning head and non-muscle district, middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; The second passage mould pressing head, contraction spinning non-muscle district, middle part and contraction spinning oral area, the 3rd passage is shunk non-muscle district, spinning middle part and is shunk the spinning oral area, four-pass mould pressing muscle portion and the 5th passage subsides mould spinning finishing profile.
The practical implementation process of multi-pass composite spinning is:
I, the first passage spinning: the first passage spinning comprises and does not paste mould shear spinning head and non-muscle district, middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; Wherein not pasting the mould shear spinning is according to the track A → B shown in Fig. 4, and two spinning rollers through symmetric arrangement do not paste the mould shear spinning to slab 1, make the workpiece head as far as possible near core 2 surfaces.Not pasting the spinning roller track A → B in mould shear spinning head and middle part non-muscle district and the angle of core 2 center lines is 40 °; Gap=5 * sin40 that spinning roller and core are 2 °=3.2mm; Do not paste rising of mould shear spinning and revolve an A outside slab 1; And and slab 1 between the distance of 2mm is arranged, revolve the end of not pasting the mould shear spinning B and core 2 center lines apart from d
B=r-8mm=145mm.Shrinking the spinning oral area and realize through three work step closing in spinning, is starting point to revolve a B end of not pasting the mould shear spinning promptly, to the edge of workpiece, needs spinning three times.The track that shrinks three work steps closing ins of spinning oral area is straight line, is starting point to revolve a B end of not pasting the mould shear spinning all, and the spinning roller track is respectively B → C
1, B → C
2, B → C
3, and the spinning roller track that three work steps shrink the spinning oral areas confirms as 60 °, 50 ° and 40 ° with the angle of core 2 center lines respectively according to formula (4), three work step contraction spinning oral areas all stop to the edge of workpiece.
α
i＝40°+20°/(n-1)×(n-i) (i＝1，…，n) (4)
In formula (4), n is chief engineer's step number and the n=3 that shrinks the spinning oral area in first passage, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., n, α
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core 2 center lines.
II, the second passage spinning: the second passage spinning comprises wrong apart from pasting mould mould pressing part head, do not paste mould shear spinning non-muscle district, middle part and shrinking the spinning oral area; Wherein wrong is two spinning rollers that adopt along core 2 circumferential symmetric arrangement apart from pasting mould spinning; Bent bus track D → E along as shown in Figure 4 carries out wrong apart from pasting the head that the mould mould pressing goes out such part; Wherein the D point is outside slab 1; And and slab 1 between the distance of 2mm is arranged, bent bus track D → E subsides mould length vertically equals to paste the height 145mm of mould mould pressing part head, and forms a wrong E that revolves apart from the end of pasting mould spinning at the height place of pasting mould mould pressing part head.The time difference that two spinning rollers begin feeding is 2s, and two spinning rollers adopt different clearance and feed ratio in the wrong distance in this zone: promptly according to formula (5), the spinning roller of first feeding pastes line with the 2mm gap and walks, and feed ratio is 1.2mm/r; According to formula (6), the laggard spinning roller of giving pastes line with the 1.5mm gap and walks, and feed ratio is 0.9mm/r.The spinning roller that pastes earlier mould highly promptly arrives the surface of the work that speeds away after revolving an E wrong end apart from subsides mould spinning processing 145mm, prevents and significantly repeats to roll impression.When the laggard spinning roller of giving also arrive wrong revolve an E apart from the end of pasting mould spinning after, just accomplished the subsides mould mould pressing of part head.Next; Adopt along what circumferential two spinning rollers of symmetric arrangement carried out non-muscle district, middle part and do not paste the mould shear spinning, the spinning roller track is a straight line, and it rises and revolves a little for revolving an E end of this passage subsides mould mould pressing part head; Begin from revolving an E; The angle of two spinning roller edges and core 2 center lines is 30 ° a rectilinear motion, revolves the impression position that a B forms the end of in arriving the first passage spinning, not pasting the non-muscle of mould shear spinning head and middle part district and stop on workpiece, and form and revolve a F end.Not pasting in the mould shear spinning process of the non-muscle in middle part district, the spinning roller feed ratio is 1.5mm/r.For fear of wrinkling and break and keep the needs of muscle portion filled with metal, and then oral area carried out four work steps shrink spinning, revolve a F end of promptly not pasting non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part with this passage is starting point, to the edge of workpiece, needs spinning four times.Shrink the track that four work steps of spinning oral area close up and be straight line, do not paste in the middle part of the mould shear spinning with this passage all that to revolve a F end in non-muscle district be starting point, the spinning roller track is respectively straight line F → G
1, F → G
2, F → G
3, F → G
4, and the spinning roller track that four work steps shrink the spinning oral areas confirms as 60 °, 46.7 °, 33.3 °, 20 ° with the angle of core 2 center lines respectively according to formula (7), four work step contraction spinning oral areas all stop to the edge of workpiece.The spinning roller feed ratio of shrinking the spinning oral area in second passage is 1.5mm/r.
δ
1＝t+(0.3～0.7)mm (5)
δ
2＝t±0.1mm (6)
β
i＝20°+40°/(m-1)×(n-i) (i＝1，…，m) (7)
In formula (5) and (6), t is the non-muscle of a part portion wall thickness, δ
1And δ
2Be respectively wrong gap apart from 2 of the spinning roller that pastes first feeding in the mould mould pressing part head and the laggard spinning roller of giving and cores.In formula (7), m is chief engineer's step number and the m=4 that shrinks the spinning oral area in second passage, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., m, β
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core 2 center lines.
The second passage spinning mandrel, 2 rotating speeds are 150rpm.
III, the 3rd passage spinning: the 3rd passage spinning comprises and does not paste non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; Wherein not pasting the mould shear spinning adopts along two spinning rollers of core 2 circumferential symmetric arrangement and carries out; Work that to revolve a little be to revolve of second passage subsides mould mould pressing head E eventually; Begin from revolving an E; The angle of two spinning roller edges and core 2 center lines is 15 ° a rectilinear motion, revolves the impression position that a F forms the end of in arriving the second passage spinning, not pasting non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part and stop on workpiece, and form and revolve a H eventually.Do not paste in non-muscle district, the mould shear spinning middle part process in this passage, the spinning roller feed ratio is 1.5mm/r.
The mode that adopts four work steps to shrink the spinning oral area is then progressively dwindled the oral area of workpiece.Oral area is carried out four work steps shrink spinning, revolve a H end of promptly not pasting non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part with this passage is starting point, to the edge of workpiece, needs spinning four times.Oral area is carried out four work steps shrink in the spinning, the spinning roller track is straight line, and the spinning roller track is respectively H → I
1, H → I
2, H → I
3, H → I
4The angle of per step spinning roller track and core 2 center lines is confirmed as 60 °, 46.7 °, 33.3 °, 20 ° according to formula (8); And they rise to revolve and a little be this passage and do not paste and revolve a H end in non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part, four work step contraction spinning oral areas all stop to the edge of workpiece.The feed ratio that the 3rd passage is shunk two spinning rollers of spinning oral area is 1.5mm/r.
θ
i＝20°+40°/(p-1)×(p-i) (i＝1，…，p) (8)
In formula (8), p is chief engineer's step number and the p=4 that shrinks the spinning oral area in the 3rd passage, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., p, θ
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core 2 center lines.
In the 3rd passage spinning process, core 2 rotating speeds are 150rpm.
IV, four-pass spinning: adopt along two spinning rollers of core 2 circumferential symmetric arrangement and carry out stepped spinning shaping muscle portion, the time difference that two spinning rollers begin feeding is 2s; Wherein the spinning roller of first feeding moves along the track J → K that is parallel to axis of workpiece; The spinning roller track J → K of elder generation's feeding and the minimum clearance of core 2 are 10mm; It rises and revolves a J and be positioned at outside the workpiece, with the distance in non-muscle district, workpiece middle part be 3mm, revolve the axial distance h=h on a K and spinning spare top eventually
2+ 2mm=307mm, the feed ratio of the spinning roller of first feeding is 2mm/r.The spinning roller of feeding then pastes mould mould pressing muscle portion along bent bus track E → L; It a little is to revolve of second passage subsides mould mould pressing part head E eventually that the rising of the laggard spinning roller track of giving revolved; The ordinate that revolves a L end of the laggard spinning roller of giving is identical with the ordinate that revolves a K end of the spinning roller of first feeding; And it is identical that the gap of bent bus spinning roller track E → L and core 2 and second passage are pasted the gap of 2 of the laggard spinning rollers of giving and core in the mould mould pressing part head process; Be 1.5mm, the feed ratio of the laggard spinning roller of giving is 1.2mm/r.
V, the 5th passage spinning: adopt a spinning roller to wait the gap to paste the mould spinning mode along core 2 surfaces and realize finished machined to spinning spare surface.Wherein, The spinning roller track is bent bus M → N, rise to revolve a M outside slab 1, and and slab 1 between the distance of 2mm is arranged; Revolve the identical of a L end of the laggard spinning roller of giving in the ordinate that revolves a N eventually and the four-pass stepped spinning shaping muscle portion process; And the gap of spinning roller and core 2 is 1.4mm, and core 2 rotating speeds are 90rpm, and the spinning roller feed ratio is 0.8mm/r.
Embodiment two
Present embodiment be certain spacecraft with the inside muscle large-scale complex thin-wall of oral area band housing, this part shape is as shown in Figure 1, material is 3A21, the non-muscle thickness t=1.5mm of portion, the thickest t of muscle portion
Max=4.35mm.Concrete steps are following:
Get thickness surplus Δ t=0.5mm,, obtain the thickness t of slab 1 according to formula (1)
0=4.85mm.
t
0＝t
max+Δt (1)
In the formula (1), t
0Be the thickness of slab 1, t
MaxBe the maximum ga(u)ge of spinning part muscle portion, Δ t is the thickness surplus, and Δ t=0.5～1.0mm.
According to part drawing, confirm that the part volume is 448186mm
3, consider allowance Δ D=50mm, substitution formula (2) obtains the diameter D of slab 1
0=393mm.
In the formula (2), V is that part volume, Δ D are allowance, and Δ D=50～70mm, D
0Diameter, t for slab 1
0Thickness for slab 1.
According to part drawing, obtaining the part top is 369113mm to the volume V ' that begins to fill the muscle place
3,, obtain beginning on the plectane base 1 to fill the radius value r=156mm at muscle place through formula (3) according to the constancy of volume principle.
In the formula (3), V ' for the part top to the volume that begins to fill the muscle place, t
0For thickness, the r of slab 1 is the radius value that begins to fill the muscle place on the slab 1.
Step 3, definite height that pastes mould mould pressing part head;
Confirm that spinning spare cone angle is that 15 ° of axial distances of locating with spinning spare top are 145mm, therefore confirms to paste the height h of mould mould pressing part head
1=145mm.
Step 4 confirms that spinning spare fills the axial distance on muscle place and spinning spare top at last;
According to part drawing, confirm that spinning spare fills the axial distance h on muscle place and spinning spare top at last
2=305mm.
Step 5, the multi-pass composite spinning is shaped;
Composite spinning divides 5 passages to accomplish; As shown in Figure 4; Comprise that first passage do not paste mould shear spinning head and non-muscle district, middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; The second passage mould pressing head, contraction spinning non-muscle district, middle part and contraction spinning oral area, the 3rd passage is shunk non-muscle district, spinning middle part and is shunk the spinning oral area, four-pass mould pressing muscle portion and the 5th passage subsides mould spinning finishing profile.
The practical implementation process of multi-pass composite spinning is:
I, the first passage spinning: the first passage spinning comprises and does not paste mould shear spinning head and non-muscle district, middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; Wherein not pasting the mould shear spinning is according to the track A → B shown in Fig. 4, and two spinning rollers through symmetric arrangement do not paste the mould shear spinning to slab 1, make the workpiece head as far as possible near core 2 surfaces.Not pasting the spinning roller track A → B in mould shear spinning head and middle part non-muscle district and the angle of core 2 center lines is 40 °; Gap=4.85 * sin40 that spinning roller and core are 2 °=3.1mm; Do not paste rising of mould shear spinning and revolve an A outside slab 1; And and slab 1 between the distance of 1mm is arranged, revolve the end of not pasting the mould shear spinning B and core 2 center lines apart from d
B=r-5mm=151mm.Shrinking the spinning oral area and realize through three work steps, is starting point to revolve a B end of not pasting the mould shear spinning promptly, to the edge of workpiece, needs spinning three times.When carrying out three work steps contraction spinning oral areas, the spinning roller track is straight line, is starting point to revolve a B end of not pasting the mould shear spinning all, and the spinning roller track is respectively B → C
1, B → C
2, B → C
3, and the spinning roller track that three work steps shrink the spinning oral areas confirms as 60 °, 50 ° and 40 ° with the angle of core 2 center lines respectively according to formula (4), three work step contraction spinning oral areas all stop to the edge of workpiece.
α
i＝40°+20°/(n-1)×(n-i) (i＝1，…，n) (4)
In formula (4), n is chief engineer's step number and the n=3 that shrinks the spinning oral area in first passage, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., n, α
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core 2 center lines.
II, the second passage spinning: the second passage spinning comprises wrong apart from pasting mould mould pressing part head, do not paste mould shear spinning non-muscle district, middle part and shrinking the spinning oral area; Wherein wrong is two spinning rollers that adopt along core 2 circumferential symmetric arrangement apart from pasting mould spinning; Bent bus track D → E along as shown in Figure 4 carries out wrong apart from pasting the head that the mould mould pressing goes out such part; Wherein the D point is outside slab 1; And and slab 1 between the distance of 1mm is arranged, bent bus track D → E subsides mould length vertically equals to paste the height 145mm of mould mould pressing part head, and forms a wrong E that revolves apart from the end of pasting mould spinning at the height place of pasting mould mould pressing part head.The time difference that two spinning rollers begin feeding is 2s, and two spinning rollers adopt different clearance and feed ratio in the wrong distance in this zone: promptly according to formula (5), the spinning roller of first feeding pastes line with the 1.8mm gap and walks, and feed ratio is 1mm/r; According to formula (6), the laggard spinning roller of giving pastes line with the 1.4mm gap and walks, and feed ratio is 0.8mm/r.The spinning roller that pastes earlier mould highly promptly arrives the surface of the work that speeds away after revolving an E wrong end apart from subsides mould spinning processing 145mm, prevents and significantly repeats to roll impression.When the laggard spinning roller of giving also arrive wrong revolve an E apart from the end of pasting mould spinning after, just accomplished the subsides mould mould pressing of part head.Next; Adopt along what circumferential two spinning rollers of symmetric arrangement carried out non-muscle district, middle part and do not paste the mould shear spinning, the spinning roller track is a straight line, and it rises and revolves a little for revolving an E end of this passage subsides mould mould pressing part head; Begin from revolving an E; The angle of two spinning roller edges and core 2 center lines is 30 ° a rectilinear motion, revolves the impression position that a B forms the end of in arriving the first passage spinning, not pasting the non-muscle of mould shear spinning head and middle part district and stop on workpiece, and form and revolve a F end.Not pasting in the mould shear spinning process of the non-muscle in middle part district, the spinning roller feed ratio is 1mm/r.For fear of wrinkling and break and keep the needs of muscle portion filled with metal, and then oral area carried out three work steps shrink spinning, revolve a F end of promptly not pasting non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part with this passage is starting point, to the edge of workpiece, needs spinning three times.Oral area is carried out three work steps when shrinking spinning, and it rises to revolve and a little is this passage and does not paste in the middle part of the mould shear spinning and to revolve a F end in non-muscle district, and the spinning roller track is straight line, is respectively F → G
1, F → G
2, F → G
3, and the spinning roller track that three work steps shrink the spinning oral areas confirms as 60 °, 40 °, 20 ° with the angle of core 2 center lines respectively according to formula (7), three work step contraction spinning oral areas all stop to the edge of workpiece.The spinning roller feed ratio of shrinking the spinning oral area in second passage is 1mm/r.
δ
1＝t+(0.3～0.7)mm (5)
δ
2＝t±0.1mm (6)
β
i＝20°+40°/(m-1)×(m-i) (i＝1，…，m) (7)
In formula (5) and (6), t is the non-muscle of a part portion wall thickness, δ
1And δ
2Be respectively wrong gap apart from 2 of the spinning roller that pastes first feeding in the mould mould pressing part head and the laggard spinning roller of giving and cores.In formula (7), m is chief engineer's step number and the m=3 that shrinks the spinning oral area in second passage, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., m, β
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core 2 center lines.
The second passage spinning mandrel, 2 rotating speeds are 100rpm.
III, the 3rd passage spinning: the 3rd passage spinning comprises and does not paste non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; Wherein not pasting the mould shear spinning adopts along two spinning rollers of core 2 circumferential symmetric arrangement and carries out; Work that to revolve a little be to revolve of subsides mould mould pressing head in the second passage spinning E eventually; Begin from revolving an E; The angle of two spinning roller edges and core 2 center lines is 15 ° a rectilinear motion, revolves the impression position that a F forms the end of in arriving the second passage spinning, not pasting non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part and stop on workpiece, and form and revolve a H eventually.Do not paste in non-muscle district, the mould shear spinning middle part process in this passage, the spinning roller feed ratio is 1mm/r.
The mode that adopts three work steps to shrink the spinning oral areas is then progressively dwindled the oral area of workpiece, and revolve a H end of promptly not pasting non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part with this passage is starting point, to the edge of workpiece, needs spinning three times.When adopting three work steps to shrink the spinning oral area, the spinning roller track is straight line, is respectively H → I
1, H → I
2, H → I
3The angle of each work step spinning roller track and core 2 center lines is confirmed as 60 °, 40 °, 20 ° according to formula (8); And they rise to revolve and a little be this passage and do not paste and revolve a H end in non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part, three work step contraction spinning oral areas all stop to the edge of workpiece.The spinning roller feed ratio that the 3rd passage is shunk the spinning oral area is 1mm/r.
θ
i＝20°+40°/(p-1)×(p-i) (i＝1，…，p) (8)
In formula (8), p is chief engineer's step number and the p=3 that shrinks the spinning oral area in the 3rd passage, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., p, θ
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core 2 center lines.
In the 3rd passage spinning process, core 2 rotating speeds are 100rpm.
IV, four-pass spinning: adopt along two spinning rollers of core 2 circumferential symmetric arrangement and carry out stepped spinning shaping muscle portion, the time difference that two spinning rollers begin feeding is 2s; Wherein the spinning roller of first feeding moves along the track J → K that is parallel to axis of workpiece; The minimum clearance of spinning roller track J → K and core 2 is 9.5mm; It rises and revolves a J and be positioned at outside the workpiece, with the distance in non-muscle district, workpiece middle part be 1mm, revolve the axial distance h=h on a K and spinning spare top eventually
2+ 1mm=306mm, the feed ratio of the spinning roller of first feeding is 1.6mm/r.The spinning roller of feeding then pastes mould mould pressing muscle portion along bent bus track E → L; It a little is to revolve of second passage subsides mould mould pressing part head E eventually that the rising of the laggard spinning roller track of giving revolved; The ordinate that revolves a L end of the laggard spinning roller of giving is identical with the ordinate that revolves a K end of the spinning roller of first feeding; And it is identical that the gap of bent bus spinning roller track E → L and core 2 and second passage are pasted the gap of 2 of the laggard spinning rollers of giving and core in the mould mould pressing part head process; Be 1.4mm, the feed ratio of the laggard spinning roller of giving is 1mm/r.
V, the 5th passage spinning: adopt a spinning roller to wait the gap to paste the mould spinning mode along core 2 surfaces and realize finished machined to spinning spare surface.Wherein, The spinning roller track is bent bus M → N, rise to revolve a M outside slab 1, and and slab 1 between the distance of 1mm is arranged; Revolve the identical of a L end of the laggard spinning roller of giving in the ordinate that revolves a N eventually and the four-pass stepped spinning shaping muscle portion process; And the gap of spinning roller and core 2 is 1.4mm, and core 2 rotating speeds are 80rpm, and the spinning roller feed ratio is 0.6mm/r.
Embodiment three
Present embodiment be certain spacecraft with the inside muscle large-scale complex thin-wall of oral area band housing, this part shape is as shown in Figure 1, material is 3A21, the non-muscle thickness t=1.5mm of portion, the thickest t of muscle portion
Max=4.35mm.Concrete steps are following:
Get thickness surplus Δ t=1.0mm,, obtain the thickness t of slab 1 according to formula (1)
0=5.35mm.
t
0＝t
max+Δt (1)
In the formula (1), t
0Be the thickness of slab 1, t
MaxBe the maximum ga(u)ge of spinning part muscle portion, Δ t is the thickness surplus, and Δ t=0.5～1.0mm.
According to part drawing, confirm that the part volume is 448186mm
3, consider allowance Δ D=70mm, substitution formula (2) obtains the diameter D of slab 1
0=397mm.
In the formula (2), V is that part volume, Δ D are allowance, and Δ D=50～70mm, D
0Diameter, t for slab 1
0Thickness for slab 1.
According to part drawing, obtaining the part top is 369113mm to the volume V ' that begins to fill the muscle place
3,, obtain beginning on the plectane base 1 to fill the radius value r=148mm at muscle place through formula (3) according to the constancy of volume principle.
In the formula (3), V ' for the part top to the volume that begins to fill the muscle place, t
0For thickness, the r of slab 1 is the radius value that begins to fill the muscle place on the slab 1.
Step 3, definite height that pastes mould mould pressing part head;
Confirm that spinning spare cone angle is that 15 ° of axial distances of locating with spinning spare top are 145mm, therefore confirms to paste the height h of mould mould pressing part head
1=145mm.
Step 4 confirms that spinning spare fills the axial distance on muscle place and spinning spare top at last;
According to part drawing, confirm that spinning spare fills the axial distance h on muscle place and spinning spare top at last
2=305mm.
Step 5, the multi-pass composite spinning is shaped;
Composite spinning divides 5 passages to accomplish; As shown in Figure 4; Comprise that first passage do not paste mould shear spinning head and non-muscle district, middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; The second passage mould pressing head, contraction spinning non-muscle district, middle part and contraction spinning oral area, the 3rd passage is shunk non-muscle district, spinning middle part and is shunk the spinning oral area, four-pass mould pressing muscle portion and the 5th passage subsides mould spinning finishing profile.
The practical implementation process of multi-pass composite spinning is:
I, the first passage spinning: the first passage spinning comprises and does not paste mould shear spinning head and non-muscle district, middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; Wherein not pasting the mould shear spinning is according to the track A → B shown in Fig. 4, and two spinning rollers through symmetric arrangement do not paste the mould shear spinning to slab 1, make the workpiece head as far as possible near core 2 surfaces.Not pasting the spinning roller track A → B in mould shear spinning head and middle part non-muscle district and the angle of core 2 center lines is 40 °; Gap=5.35 * sin40 that spinning roller and core are 2 °=3.4mm; Do not paste rising of mould shear spinning and revolve an A outside slab 1; And and slab 1 between the distance of 5mm is arranged, revolve the end of not pasting the mould shear spinning B and core 2 center lines apart from d
B=r-10mm=138mm.Shrinking the spinning oral area and realize through four work steps, is starting point to revolve a B end of not pasting the mould shear spinning promptly, to the edge of workpiece, needs spinning four times.When oral area was carried out four work steps contraction spinning, track was straight line, is starting point to revolve a B end of not pasting the mould shear spinning all, and the spinning roller track is respectively B → C
1, B → C
2, B → C
3, B → C
4, and the spinning roller track that four work steps shrink the spinning oral areas confirms as 60 °, 53.3 °, 46.7 ° and 40 ° with the angle of core 2 center lines respectively according to formula (4), four work step contraction spinning oral areas all stop to the edge of workpiece.
α
i＝40°+20°/(n-1)×(n-i) (i＝1，…，n) (4)
In formula (4), n is chief engineer's step number and the n=4 that shrinks the spinning oral area in first passage, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., n, α
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core 2 center lines.
II, the second passage spinning: the second passage spinning comprises wrong apart from pasting mould mould pressing part head, do not paste mould shear spinning non-muscle district, middle part and shrinking the spinning oral area; Wherein wrong is two spinning rollers that adopt along core 2 circumferential symmetric arrangement apart from pasting mould spinning; Bent bus track D → E along as shown in Figure 4 carries out wrong apart from pasting the head that the mould mould pressing goes out such part; Wherein the D point is outside slab 1; And and slab 1 between the distance of 5mm is arranged, bent bus track D → E subsides mould length vertically equals to paste the height 145mm of mould mould pressing part head, and forms a wrong E that revolves apart from the end of pasting mould spinning at the height place of pasting mould mould pressing part head.The time difference that two spinning rollers begin feeding is 2s, and two spinning rollers adopt different clearance and feed ratio in the wrong distance in this zone: promptly according to formula (5), the spinning roller of first feeding pastes line with the 2.2mm gap and walks, and feed ratio is 1.5mm/r; According to formula (6), the laggard spinning roller of giving pastes line with the 1.6mm gap and walks, and feed ratio is 1mm/r.The spinning roller that pastes earlier mould highly promptly arrives the surface of the work that speeds away after revolving an E wrong end apart from subsides mould spinning processing 145mm, prevents and significantly repeats to roll impression.When the laggard spinning roller of giving also arrive wrong revolve an E apart from the end of pasting mould spinning after, just accomplished the subsides mould mould pressing of part head.Next; Adopt along what circumferential two spinning rollers of symmetric arrangement carried out non-muscle district, middle part and do not paste the mould shear spinning, the spinning roller track is straight line, and it rises and revolves a little for revolving an E end of this passage subsides mould mould pressing part head; Begin from revolving an E; The angle of two spinning roller edges and core 2 center lines is 30 ° a rectilinear motion, revolves the impression position that a B forms the end of in arriving the first passage spinning, not pasting the non-muscle of mould shear spinning head and middle part district and stop on workpiece, and form and revolve a F end.Not pasting in the mould shear spinning process of the non-muscle in middle part district, the spinning roller feed ratio is 2mm/r.For fear of wrinkling and break and keep the needs of muscle portion filled with metal, and then oral area carried out three work steps shrink spinning, revolve a F end of promptly not pasting non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part with this passage is starting point, to the edge of workpiece, needs spinning three times.Oral area is carried out three work steps when shrinking spinning, and it rises to revolve and a little is this passage and does not paste in the middle part of the mould shear spinning and to revolve a F end in non-muscle district, and the spinning roller track is straight line, is respectively F → G
1, F → G
2, F → G
3, and the spinning roller track that three work steps shrink the spinning oral areas confirms as 60 °, 40 °, 20 ° with the angle of core 2 center lines respectively according to formula (7), three work step contraction spinning oral areas all stop to the edge of workpiece.The spinning roller feed ratio of shrinking the spinning oral area in second passage is 2mm/r.
δ
1＝t+(0.3～0.7)mm (5)
δ
2＝t±0.1mm (6)
β
i＝20°+40°/(m-1)×(m-i) (i＝1，…，m) (7)
In formula (5) and (6), t is the non-muscle of a part portion wall thickness, δ
1And δ
2Be respectively wrong gap apart from 2 of the spinning roller that pastes first feeding in the mould mould pressing part head and the laggard spinning roller of giving and cores.In formula (7), m is chief engineer's step number and the m=3 that shrinks the spinning oral area in second passage, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., m, β
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core 2 center lines.
The second passage spinning mandrel, 2 rotating speeds are 200rpm.
III, the 3rd passage spinning: the 3rd passage spinning comprises and does not paste non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; Wherein not pasting the mould shear spinning adopts along two spinning rollers of core 2 circumferential symmetric arrangement and carries out; Work that to revolve a little be to revolve of subsides mould mould pressing head in the second passage spinning E eventually; Begin from revolving an E; The angle of two spinning roller edges and core 2 center lines is 15 ° a rectilinear motion, revolves the impression position that a F forms the end of in arriving the second passage spinning, not pasting non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part and stop on workpiece, and form and revolve a H eventually.Do not paste in non-muscle district, the mould shear spinning middle part process in this passage, the spinning roller feed ratio is 2mm/r.
The mode that adopts three work steps to shrink the spinning oral areas is then progressively dwindled the oral area of workpiece, and revolve a H end of promptly not pasting non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part with this passage is starting point, to the edge of workpiece, needs spinning three times.When oral area was carried out three work steps contraction spinning, the spinning roller track was straight line, is respectively H → I
1, H → I
2, H → I
3The angle of per step spinning roller track and core 2 center lines is confirmed as 60 °, 40 °, 20 ° according to formula (8); And they rise to revolve and a little be this passage and do not paste and revolve a H end in non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part, three work step contraction spinning oral areas all stop to the edge of workpiece.The spinning roller feed ratio that the 3rd passage is shunk the spinning oral area is 2mm/r.
θ
i＝20°+40°/(p-1)×(p-i) (i＝1，…，p) (8)
In formula (8), p is chief engineer's step number and the p=3 that shrinks the spinning oral area in the 3rd passage, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., p, θ
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core 2 center lines.
In the 3rd passage spinning process, core 2 rotating speeds are 200rpm.
IV, four-pass spinning: adopt along two spinning rollers of core 2 circumferential symmetric arrangement and carry out stepped spinning shaping muscle portion, the time difference that two spinning rollers begin feeding is 2s; Wherein the spinning roller of first feeding moves along the track J → K that is parallel to axis of workpiece; The minimum clearance of spinning roller track J → K and core 2 is 13.5mm; It rises and revolves a J and be positioned at outside the workpiece, with the distance in non-muscle district, workpiece middle part be 5mm, revolve the axial distance h=h on a K and spinning spare top eventually
2+ 3mm=308mm, the feed ratio of the spinning roller of first feeding is 2.5mm/r.The spinning roller of feeding then pastes mould mould pressing muscle portion along bent bus track E → L; It a little is to revolve of second passage subsides mould mould pressing part head E eventually that the rising of the laggard spinning roller track of giving revolved; The ordinate that revolves a L end of the laggard spinning roller of giving is identical with the ordinate that revolves a K end of the spinning roller of first feeding; And it is identical that the gap of bent bus spinning roller track E → L and core 2 and second passage are pasted the gap of 2 of the laggard spinning rollers of giving and core in the mould mould pressing part head process; Be 1.6mm, the feed ratio of the laggard spinning roller of giving is 1.5mm/r.
V, the 5th passage spinning: adopt a spinning roller to wait the gap to paste the mould spinning mode along core 2 surfaces and realize finished machined to spinning spare surface.Wherein, The spinning roller track is bent bus M → N, rise to revolve a M outside slab 1, and and slab 1 between the distance of 5mm is arranged; Revolve the identical of a L end of the laggard spinning roller of giving in the ordinate that revolves a N eventually and the four-pass stepped spinning shaping muscle portion process; And the gap of spinning roller and core 2 is 1.4mm, and core 2 rotating speeds are 100rpm, and the spinning roller feed ratio is 1mm/r.
Claims (1)
1. the method for the inside muscle large-scale complex thin-wall of a contoured band housing is characterized in that, adopts to revolve by force and the general inside muscle large-scale complex thin-wall of the composite spinning method contoured band housing that combines that revolves, and detailed process is following:
Step 1 is confirmed blank dimension; Blank dimension comprises the diameter D of slab
0, thickness t
0, I when confirming blank dimension, confirm the thickness t of slab according to formula (1)
0
t
0＝t
max+Δt (1)
In the formula (1), t
0Be the thickness of slab, t
MaxBe the maximum ga(u)ge of spinning part muscle portion, Δ t is the thickness surplus, and Δ t=0.5～1.0mm;
II, employing formula (2) are confirmed the diameter D of slab
0
In the formula (2), V is the part volume; Δ D is an allowance, and Δ D=50～70mm; D
0Diameter for slab;
t
0Thickness for slab;
Step 2 confirms to begin on the slab to fill the radius at muscle place; Adopt formula (3) to confirm to begin on the slab to fill the radius value r at muscle place
In the formula (3), V ' for the part top to the volume that begins to fill the muscle place; t
0Thickness for slab; R is the radius value that begins to fill the muscle place on the slab;
Step 3, definite height that pastes mould mould pressing part head; Confirm that spinning spare cone angle is 15 ° of axial distances of locating with spinning spare top, with this as the height h that pastes mould mould pressing part head
1
Step 4 confirms that spinning spare fills the axial distance on muscle place and spinning spare top at last; Confirm that spinning spare fills the axial distance h on muscle place and spinning spare top at last
2
Step 5, the multi-pass composite spinning is shaped; Composite spinning divides 5 passages to accomplish; Comprise that first passage do not paste mould shear spinning head and non-muscle district, middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; The second passage mould pressing head, contraction spinning non-muscle district, middle part and contraction spinning oral area; The 3rd passage is shunk non-muscle district, spinning middle part and is shunk the spinning oral area, and four-pass mould pressing muscle portion and the 5th passage are pasted mould spinning finishing profile; Wherein,
I, the first passage spinning: the first passage spinning comprises and does not paste mould shear spinning head and non-muscle district, middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; Wherein do not paste mould shear spinning head and middle part non-muscle district and through two spinning rollers along the circumferential symmetric arrangement of core slab is not pasted the mould shear spinning, the spinning track is a straight line, and by A → B; The angle of center line that does not paste spinning roller track A → B and the core in mould shear spinning head and middle part non-muscle district is 40 °, and the minimum clearance between spinning roller track A → B and core is t
0* sin40 °, t
0Be the thickness of slab, do not paste rising of mould shear spinning head and middle part non-muscle district and revolve an A outside slab, and and slab between the distance of 1～5mm is arranged, do not paste mould shear spinning head and middle part non-muscle district the center line that revolves a B and core end apart from d
B=r-(5～10) mm; Shrink the spinning oral area and realize through 3～4 work step spinning, each work step shrinks and end that spinning oral area all do not paste the non-muscle of mould shear spinning head and middle part district with this passage revolves a B and revolve a little, and its track is straight line, is respectively B → C
1..., B → C
n, each work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area to be confirmed according to formula (4) with the angle of the center line of core, each work step contraction spinning oral area all stops to the edge of workpiece;
α
i＝40°+20°/(n-1)×(n-i)(i＝1，…，n) (4)
In formula (4), n is chief engineer's step number of shrinking the spinning oral area in first passage, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., n, α
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core center line; In the first passage spinning process, the core rotating speed is 100～200rpm, and the spinning roller feed ratio is 1～2mm/r; II, the second passage spinning: the second passage spinning comprises wrong apart from pasting mould mould pressing part head, do not paste mould shear spinning non-muscle district, middle part and shrinking the spinning oral area; Wherein wrong is two spinning rollers that adopt along the circumferential symmetric arrangement of core apart from pasting mould spinning; Carry out wrong apart from pasting the head that the mould mould pressing goes out such part along bent bus track D → E; Rise and revolve a D outside slab; And and slab between the distance of 1～5mm is arranged, bent bus track D → E subsides mould length vertically equals h
1, and form a wrong E that revolves apart from the end of pasting mould spinning at the height place of pasting mould mould pressing part head; And the time difference that two spinning rollers begin feeding is 2s; Two spinning rollers adopt different clearance and feed ratio in the wrong distance in this zone: i.e. the spinning roller of first feeding according to formula (5) with δ
1The gap is pasted line and is walked, and feed ratio is 1.0～1.5mm/r; The laggard spinning roller of giving according to formula (6) with δ
2Mould spinning is pasted in the gap, and feed ratio is 0.8～1.0mm/r; The spinning roller that pastes mould is earlier processing h
1Highly promptly arrive the surface of the work that speeds away after this passage mistake is revolved an E apart from the end of pasting mould spinning, prevent and significantly repeat to roll impression; When the laggard spinning roller of giving also arrive wrong revolve an E apart from the end of pasting mould spinning after, just accomplished the subsides mould mould pressing of part head; Next; Adopt along what circumferential two spinning rollers of symmetric arrangement carried out non-muscle district, middle part and do not paste the mould shear spinning, the track of two spinning rollers is a straight line, rises to revolve a little for revolving an E end of this passage subsides mould mould pressing part head; Begin from revolving an E; The angle of two spinning roller edges and core center line is 30 ° a rectilinear motion, revolves the impression position that a B forms the end of in arriving the first passage spinning, not pasting the non-muscle of mould shear spinning head and middle part district and stop on workpiece, and form and revolve a F end; Not pasting in the mould shear spinning process of the non-muscle in middle part district, the spinning roller feed ratio is 1～2mm/r; And then carried out for 3～4 steps and shrink the spinning oral area, it rises to revolve and a little is this passage and does not paste in the middle part of the mould shear spinning and to revolve a F end in non-muscle district, and the track of two spinning rollers is straight line F → G
1..., F → G
m, shrinking the track of two spinning rollers of spinning oral area and confirm according to formula (7) with the angle of core center line, each work step contraction spinning oral area all stops to the edge of workpiece; The spinning roller feed ratio is 1～2mm/r in the contraction spinning oral area process;
In the second passage spinning process, the core rotating speed is 100～200rpm;
δ
1＝t+(0.3～0.7)mm (5)
δ
2＝t±0.1mm (6)
β
i＝20°+40°/(m-1)×(m-i)(i＝1，…，m)(7)
In formula (5) and (6), t is the non-muscle of a part portion wall thickness, δ
1For wrong distance is pasted the spinning roller of first feeding in the mould mould pressing part head and the gap between core, δ
2Be laggard spinning roller of giving and the gap between core in the wrong distance subsides mould mould pressing part head; In formula (7), m is chief engineer's step number of shrinking the spinning oral area in the second passage spinning, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., m, β
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core center line;
III, the 3rd passage spinning: the 3rd passage spinning comprises and does not paste non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part and shrink the spinning oral area; Wherein not pasting the mould shear spinning adopts along two spinning rollers of the circumferential symmetric arrangement of core and carries out; Work that to revolve a little be to revolve of subsides mould mould pressing head in the second passage spinning E eventually; Begin from revolving an E; The angle of two spinning roller edges and core center line is 15 ° a rectilinear motion, revolves the impression position that a F forms the end of in arriving the second passage spinning, not pasting non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part and stop on workpiece, and form and revolve a H eventually; Do not paste in non-muscle district, the mould shear spinning middle part process in this passage, the spinning roller feed ratio is 1～2mm/r;
The mode that adopted for 3～4 steps shrank the spinning oral area is progressively dwindled the oral area of workpiece, and the spinning roller track of employing is straight line H → I
1..., H → I
p, the angle of each work step spinning roller track and core center line confirms according to formula (8), and they rise to revolve and a little be this passage and do not paste and revolve a H end in non-muscle district, mould shear spinning middle part, each work step contraction spinning oral area all stops to the edge of workpiece; Two spinning roller feed ratios of shrinking the spinning oral area are 1～2mm/r;
θ
i＝20°+40°/(p-1)×(p-i)(i＝1，…，p) (8)
In formula (8), p is chief engineer's step number of shrinking the spinning oral area in the 3rd passage spinning, and i is an a certain work step wherein, i.e. i=1 ..., p, θ
iBe that the i work step shrinks the spinning roller track of spinning oral area and the angle of core center line; In the 3rd passage spinning process, the core rotating speed is 100～200rpm;
IV, four-pass spinning: adopt along two spinning rollers of the circumferential symmetric arrangement of core and carry out stepped spinning shaping muscle portion, the time difference that two spinning rollers begin feeding is 2s; Wherein the spinning roller of first feeding moves the straight path J → K of the spinning roller of first feeding and the minimum clearance δ of core along the straight path J → K that is parallel to axis of workpiece
Min=δ
2+ (8～12) mm, wherein δ
2Be that second passage is pasted the laggard spinning roller of giving and the gap between core in the mould mould pressing part head process, rising of the spinning roller of first feeding revolved a J outside workpiece, and with non-muscle district, workpiece middle part the distance of 1～5mm arranged, and revolves the axial distance h=h on a K and spinning spare top eventually
2+ (1～3) mm, the feed ratio of the spinning roller of first feeding is 1.6-2.5mm/r; The laggard spinning roller of giving of this passage pastes mould mould pressing muscle portion along bent bus track E → L; It a little is to revolve of second passage subsides mould mould pressing part head E eventually that the rising of track revolved; The ordinate that revolves a L end of the laggard spinning roller of giving is identical with the ordinate that revolves a K end of the spinning roller of first feeding, and the gap of the bent bus spinning roller track E → L of the laggard spinning roller of giving and core and second passage are pasted the laggard spinning roller of giving and the gap delta between core in the mould mould pressing part head process
2Identical, the feed ratio of the laggard spinning roller of giving is 1.0～1.5mm/r; In the four-pass spinning process, the core rotating speed is 100～200rpm;
V, the 5th passage spinning: adopt a spinning roller to wait the gap to paste the mould spinning mode and realize finished machined to spinning spare surface along mandrel surface; Wherein, The spinning roller track is bent bus M → N, rise to revolve a M outside slab, and and slab between the distance of 1～5mm is arranged; The ordinate that revolves a N eventually is identical with the ordinate that revolves a L end of the laggard spinning roller of giving in the four-pass stepped spinning shaping muscle portion; And the gap of spinning roller and core is than the little 0.1mm of the non-muscle of part portion's thickness, and the core rotating speed is 80-100rpm, and the spinning roller feed ratio is 0.6-1.0mm/r.
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| DE2156551A1 (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1973-06-07 | Leifeld & Co | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BOWL-LIKE BODIES |
| JP2004337945A (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-02 | Futaba Industrial Co Ltd | Tubular body forming method |
| CN101497099B (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2011-05-25 | 西北工业大学 | Spin forming mandrel with transversal inner rib component |
| CN101579804B (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2010-08-11 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Integral forming method of large size thin-walled titanium alloy cylindrical part without welding line |
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