Background technology
Large-sized annular spare is widely used in the industry such as oil, chemical industry, metallurgy, at present, mainly still adopts open die forging to cause cake sheet, punching, saddle support reaming, rolling rolling to expand for the manufacturing forming technique of large-sized annular spare, is finally formed by machining again.
The saddle support reaming is that blank is enclosed within on the mandrel, and anvil is beaten blank at hydraulic press or on forging hammer, produces pulling along the circumferential direction, makes the forging wall thickness reduction, and interior external diameter increases simultaneously, thereby reaches the diameter dimension requirement.Its shortcoming is that diameter dimension is bigger than normal, and the annular element wall unevenness is even, and machine-finish allowance is big etc.
It is at first to adopt saddle support reaming or Forgingother mode to carry out the annular element base that rolling rolling is expanded, then, on elongator, adopt rotary die to the local pressure forming continuously of blank, the whole wall thickness of annular element is reduced, enlarged-diameter, cross section profile is shaped, and makes it become the annular element blank with simple shape and size, and then carrying out the machining of cross sectional shape by large-scale vertical lathe, common part has bearer ring, wheel blank, ring rail, rim etc.As the patent No. is 031113012.7 and 03128489.2 technology of being put down in writing.
Flange of wind power generation tower barrel is a kind of large-sized annular spare, and along with 750~5000 kilowatts of wind-driven generator pool-size development, tower tube diameter constantly increases 1.9~10 meters, and tower drum flange is also increasing.At present, above-mentioned process is still adopted in shaping for tower drum flange, promptly adopts technologies such as open die forging compressing tablet, punching, saddle support reaming, and the blank of rolling rolling expansion square-section, and is final again by being machined into required flat board, the shape of inside and outside high throat area.Particularly for the flange of wind power generation tower barrel of inside and outside hub, its cross section is made of dish portion and neck.Because diameter, cross section are bigger, so the means by machining (as pin, mill) transform the blank square-section cross section of hub shape as, required machine-finish allowance is big, causes the energy consumption of material consumption and forging bigger; If be the local pressure forming continuously of blank of rectangle directly, because the mechanical property (as hardness, toughness) of the metal that flange uses itself also can not plastic deformation obtain target product under bigger die pressure with the rotary die pair cross-section.The Dingxiang area concentration flange manufacturing enterprise of hundreds of family, the equipment that uses is single fairly simple clamping bar hammer, Forging Technology is simple loose tooling forging (smallclothes) and open die forging (big part), use free forging process to have that feed consumption is many, energy consumption is big, cost is high for large-scale large diameter ring, labour intensity is big, and key is that difficult quality is guaranteed.So having the shaping of the flange of wind power generation tower barrel blank of inside and outside hub also is a big technical barrier in the present technique field all the time.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is shaped difficult problem and a kind of flange of wind power generation tower barrel forging shaping process is provided in order to solve the flange of wind power generation tower barrel with interior or outer high neck structure at large-scale that exists in the prior art.
The present invention is realized by following technical scheme, a kind of flange of wind power generation tower barrel forging shaping process, step comprise, the flange blank material with dish portion and neck of forging molding is heated 1200~1250 ℃ by heating furnace, kept 40~50 minutes, and came out of the stove by charger; Use Ring Rolling Machine hole enlargement roll off then, adopt Ring Rolling Machine and use double small rib mould, the smart base of rolling over.
Double small rib mould comprises home roll, core roller, the home roll structure comprises rib down, main mould, loose tool, centre rib, on Ring Rolling Machine, the following rib of home roll, main mould, loose tool, the rib ring of centre rib and core roller constitutes the shaping road of L type sealing, and the flange blank material promptly passes the shaping road of L type and relatively rotates and the smart rolling shaping of hole enlargement by home roll, core roller.
Above-mentioned Ring Rolling Machine hole enlargement roll off technology is following three phases:
The pre-rolling stage: be shaped because made annular element blank is an open die forging, wall unevenness is even, and the inside and outside circle decentraction is so when roll off began, the radially little feeding of core roller made the annular element blank produce small deformation, reduces and rolles over ring vibration, makes Ring Rolling Machine enter steady roll off state;
The main roll off stage: use double small rib mould, the control amount of feeding and roll off power, the central area that makes annular element blank cross section is less than critical roll off power, even the distortion slip-line field is impermeable to the deformed sections center from the power acting surface, groove can appear in annular element blank material end face like this; The two sides metal flow of kernel of section, thus the kernel of section zone does not produce distortion or than small deformation, to keep high neck portion behind open die forging, roll off goes out to be with hub annular element blank the most at last;
The full circle essence rolling stage: be to guarantee annular element circularity, before final the shaping, core roller radial feed is very little, to adjust annular element circularity and precision, when an armful roller is not swung, slightly strengthens core roller radial feed again, will make annular element steadily reach final size.
Basic principle according to the metal plastic deformation constancy of volume, deformable metal is to minimum drag direction flow principles, metal axial is mobile very little when radially rolling over ring, so the flange blank material must be designed to dish portion and neck, the volume ratio of dish portion and neck is determined according to the kind of flange.Milling ring technological process is the principle of constancy of volume during according to flow of metal, needed product is made in combination by radial compression distortion (the core roller feeds continuously to the main mould of continuous rotation) and extensional along the circumferential direction (external diameter increases in making), this combined deformation is a unsettled process status, the deflection that flange blank whenever rotates a circle is little, and its total deformation is the continuous circulation accumulation gained by small deformation repeatedly.The hubbed flange each side parameter that obtains so all satisfies the Accurate Shaping requirement, and only need do surface treatment to it can become qualified products in the following step.
Beneficial effect of the present invention, at first from the social benefit angle, technology of the present invention can combine in local actual production situation with this area, the present situation of ability is made in hundreds of the clamping bar hammering that respect this area has existed, the ability of its flat-die forging turns to Ring Rolling Machine the flange blank is provided, it is not eliminated, plays a role better.Also avoided domestic super-huge iron and steel enterprise to adopt the circle ingot casting, hydraulic pressure preformed, a Ring Rolling Machine is slightly rolled over, another Ring Rolling Machine is smart rolles over the scheme of this huge fixed investment, and be to use once smart rolling of a Ring Rolling Machine to be shaped, the present invention is circular seamless odd-shaped cross section ring only just, manufacturing technique method and other process are thought contrast: with square-section Ring Rolling Machine technology ratio, efficient is similar, but save material about 30%, with the odd-shaped cross section stocking, curved circle, welding procedure is compared, and is unallowed as the high pressure flange, compares with the open die forging final shaping unit described in the background technology, save material 25.8%, but efficient improves nearly 20 times.Flange of wind power generation tower barrel forging shaping process of the present invention compared with prior art, have following outstanding substantive distinguishing features and significant effect: solved the shaping difficult problem of the flange of wind power generation tower barrel blank of inside and outside hub for a long time, with original square-section blank, save material and to reach about 40%, it improves stock utilization, saves power consumption, reduces machine-finish allowance, simultaneously reduce manufacturing cost significantly, and had good economic benefits.
The specific embodiment
Describe the specific embodiment in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing: shown in accompanying drawing 3 and 4.
A kind of flange of wind power generation tower barrel forging shaping process, step comprise, the flange blank material with dish portion and neck of forging molding is heated 1200~1250 ℃ by heating furnace, kept 40~50 minutes, come out of the stove by charger; Use Ring Rolling Machine hole enlargement roll off then, adopt Ring Rolling Machine and use double small rib mould, the smart base of rolling over.
Double small rib mould comprises that home roll 1, core roller 2, home roll 1 structure comprise rib 3 down, main mould 4, loose tool 5, centre rib 6, on Ring Rolling Machine, the following rib 3 of home roll 1, main mould 4, loose tool 5, the rib ring 8 of centre rib 6 and core roller 2 constitutes the shaping road of L type sealing, and flange blank material 7 promptly passes the shaping road of L type and relatively rotates and the smart rolling shaping of hole enlargement by home roll 1, core roller 2.Double small rib mould also comprises embraces roller 9, embraces roller 9 and also is installed on the Ring Rolling Machine, embraces roller 9 and can further guarantee machining accuracy.The concrete size of double small rib mould is the final goal shaped design according to flange.
In order further to improve the quality and the precision of product, above-mentioned Ring Rolling Machine hole enlargement roll off technology can be divided into following three phases and carry out:
The pre-rolling stage: be shaped because made annular element blank is an open die forging, wall unevenness is even, the inside and outside circle decentraction, so when roll off began, the 2 radially little feedings of core roller made the annular element blank produce small deformation, reduce and roll over ring vibration, make Ring Rolling Machine enter steady roll off state;
The main roll off stage: use double small rib mould, the control amount of feeding and roll off power, the central area that makes annular element blank cross section is less than critical roll off power, even the distortion slip-line field is impermeable to the deformed sections center from the power acting surface, groove can appear in annular element blank end face like this; The two sides metal flow of kernel of section, thus the kernel of section zone does not produce distortion or than small deformation, to keep high neck portion behind open die forging, roll off goes out to be with hub annular element blank the most at last;
The full circle essence rolling stage: be to guarantee annular element circularity, before final the shaping, core roller 2 radial feeds are very little, to adjust annular element circularity and precision, when an armful roller 9 is not swung, slightly strengthen core roller 2 radial feeds again, will make annular element steadily reach final size.
Fig. 1 is the total technological process figure of flange of wind power generation tower barrel forging shaping process.
Below be the manufacture craft of flange blank material in the flange of wind power generation tower barrel forging shaping process of the present invention:
Adopt hydraulic press (hydraulic press, hydraulic press) or forging hammer (clamping bar hammer) open die forging base, and the rolling rolling forming of Ring Rolling Machine.
Material is: Q354E;
Finished size: external diameter: φ 3383mm; Internal diameter: φ 3113mm; Height 110mm and 80mm;
Base size: external diameter: φ 2137mm; Internal diameter: φ 1500mm; Height 130mm and 105mm;
At first, press the volume blanking of blank material requested by sawing machine; Technology and step that forging shaping is concrete comprise: meaning as shown in Figure 1, (expand number shown in data be the concrete parameter that a certain type product of our company uses)
1, heating for the first time:, kept 150 minutes blank heating to 1250~1280 ℃ by heating furnace, come out of the stove employing hydraulic press (hydraulic press, hydraulic press) or forging hammer (clamping bar hammer) compressing tablet (thick), punching (diameter phi 300mm) by charger to 180mm; When being lower than 1000 ℃, the compressing tablet temperature to reheat; Product is shape shown in (2) among Fig. 2
2, heating for the second time: by heating furnace with blank heating to 1250 ± 20 ℃, kept 90 minutes, come out of the stove by charger, adopt hydraulic press (hydraulic press, hydraulic press) or forging hammer (clamping bar hammer) compressing tablet (thick) once more greater than 140mm, and with saddle support reaming (diameter phi 1200mm); Make the diameter and the hole of its blank press increase, plain film is with blank thickness attenuate (to thickness 140mm), and final forging temperature is not less than 850 ℃; Product is shape shown in (3) among Fig. 2,
3, heating for the third time:, was kept 40~50 minutes blank heating to 1200~1250 ℃ by heating furnace, come out of the stove by charger, employing hydraulic press (hydraulic press, hydraulic press) or forging hammer (clamping bar hammer) be compressing tablet once more, and with saddle support reaming again (diameter phi 1500mm); The diameter of its blank and hole are pressed once more increase, plain film also extrudes hub with blank, and (thickness 130mm/105mm), final forging temperature is not less than 850 ℃; Outer hubbed flange blank material shown in the interior hubbed flange blank material of product shown in (4) among Fig. 2 and (5).
4, forge after-baking: carry out annealing in process after the forging;
Below be Ring Rolling Machine hole enlargement roll off process portion:
5, the 4th heating: by heating furnace hubbed flange blank material is heated to 1200~1250 ℃, kept 40~50 minutes, come out of the stove by charger;
6, Ring Rolling Machine hole enlargement roll off: adopt Ring Rolling Machine and use double small rib mould, smart back base, its size: external diameter: φ 3404mm of rolling over; Internal diameter: φ 3088mm; Height 135mm and 110mm.
Wherein: double small rib mould by the home roll 1 of Ring Rolling Machine (diameter phi 700mm, highly: 136mm), home roll rib (diameter phi 700mm), core roller 2 diameter phi 390mm, core roller rib 5 diameter phi 510mm, highly: composition such as 111mm); Home roll rib and core roller rib are contained in two ends separately respectively.As shown in Figure 4, double small rib mould schematic diagram.
The outer hubbed flange of wind power tower drum is identical with interior hubbed flange forging shaping technology.
Ring Rolling Machine hole enlargement roll off technology: divide three phases, promptly roll over stage, main roll off stage, smart rolling stage of full circle in advance.Because of its each stage deformation behaviour, cut the power of rolling, roll off speed and realization target different, so its roll off technological parameter is also just different.Fig. 3 is the roll off process schematic representation, shown in the figure: the home roll 1 of annular element 7, Ring Rolling Machine, core roller 2, armful roller 9, M represents the rotation direction of home roll, and S represents core roller direction of feed motion, and home roll 1 is driven by transfer motion power, and core roller 2 is a driven roll.
The pre-rolling stage: the radially little feeding of core roller, produce small deformation, improve semifinished product precision, reduce and roll over ring vibration, make Ring Rolling Machine enter steady roll off state,
Be shaped because base is an open die forging, wall unevenness is even, and the inside and outside circle decentraction is so when roll off began, the radially little feeding of core roller produced small deformation, improves semifinished product precision, reduces and rolles over ring vibration, makes Ring Rolling Machine enter steady roll off state.
The main roll off stage: use double small rib mould, the control amount of feeding and roll off power, the central area that makes annular element blank cross section is less than critical roll off power, even the distortion slip-line field is impermeable to the deformed sections center from the power acting surface, annular element blank end face returns and groove occurs like this; The two sides metal flow of kernel of section, thus the kernel of section zone does not produce distortion or than small deformation, to keep high neck portion behind open die forging, roll off goes out to be with hub annular element blank the most at last.Fig. 4 is a double small rib mould schematic diagram, and shown in the figure: the two ends rib ring of the home roll 1 of annular element 7, Ring Rolling Machine, core roller 2, home roll is by main mould 4, and loose tool 5 outer rims form, and also there is rib ring 8 at core roller two ends.
What the main roll off stage selected for use is a kind of open type milling ring technological process, is that roll off power strengthens because the amount of feeding strengthens, and roll off power will arrive greatly greater than critical roll off power, and its so-called critical roll off power is meant that the distortion slip-line field infiltrates into the deformed sections center from the power acting surface; Make deformed sections all be in the power of deformation process; If the control amount of feeding and roll off power, the central area that makes annular element blank cross section is less than critical roll off power, because flow of metal is flowed by the minimum drag direction, it so only is the two sides metal flow of annular element blank kernel of section, and its deformed sections center has just that the hub part metals does not flow behind the open die forging, does not participate in distortion, thereby can keep behind open die forging high neck portion constant, make annular element blank end face have hub.This deformation stage is just like the distortion of open die forging jumping-up, and as the hitting power deficiency, distortion is the eel-like figure drum type, and promptly hitting power fails to infiltrate into the forging center, only in anvil place distortion up and down.
The smart rolling stage of full circle: for guaranteeing annular element circularity, before final the shaping, core roller radial feed is very little, adjusting annular element circularity and precision, just can't full circle as near final size the time, when an armful roller is not swung, slightly strengthen core roller radial feed again, will make annular element steadily reach final size.