CN109702001B - Method for restoring soil fertility by utilizing soil nematodes - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of soil fertility restoration methods, and particularly relates to a method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a plurality of criss-cross deep trenches and shallow trenches in the region to be repaired at intervals; the soil nematode repairing agent is sprayed into the shallow trench and is prepared by fully mixing the following components in parts by weight: 500-800 parts of soil nematode suspension, 1-3 parts of humic acid and 1-3 parts of ammonium chloride; scattering apatite into the area to be repaired; killing operation is carried out by using soil nematode insecticide; and filling organic fertilizer in the deep groove. The method provided by the invention can effectively degrade the content of organic matters and metals in the soil, can effectively improve the soil environment and restore the soil fertility, has a good application prospect, and has high economic and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil fertility restoration methods, and particularly relates to a method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes.
Background
The coastal zone is an area which is active and is most sensitive to human activity reaction and globalization through sea-land interaction, and is a key object for researching the land-sea interaction. One of the sensitive areas is the northern gulf of Guangxi, which includes three cities, North sea, Qinzhou, and defense harbor. According to the research of the distribution characteristics of (137) Cs and heavy metals in the soil of the northern gulf of Guangxi of Hujinjun, the soil of the northern gulf of Guangxi is polluted by heavy metals such as Cd and Cu, and the pollution can be influenced by the construction of nuclear power plants in the northern gulf of Guangxi. Due to the reasons of long-term farmland over-fertilization, marine organic matter pollution and the like, the soil in the northern gulf of Guangxi also has the condition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon organic matter pollution. Although studies have shown that only a portion of the area is lightly contaminated, it may also affect soil fertility and present a potential ecological risk. Therefore, the soil in the area needs to be subjected to fertility remediation.
At present, soil fertility remediation methods are various, Chinese patent CN103058720B discloses a method for enhancing soil fertility by using protease to promote gold straw degradation, and Chinese patent CN105766120B discloses a method for improving soil fertility and crop yield by using deep straw application and returning to fields. The methods are ecological restoration based on biological methods, so that the use of chemical substances is reduced, and the ecological environment is effectively protected. However, the two methods mainly aim at improving the fertility, and the method for degrading organic matters and metal pollution in soil is lacked, so that the soil fertility of the northern gulf of Guangxi cannot be repaired.
Soil nematodes are a generic term for root-knot nematodes, root-rot nematodes, cyst nematodes, stem nematodes and the like existing in soil, and although a large number of soil nematodes can harm crops or vegetable crops, the soil nematodes are also important consuming groups of organic matters and metals in the soil. The natural degradation of organic matters and metals in soil can not be separated from soil nematodes. If the relation between soil nematodes and soil organic matters and metals can be reasonably utilized, a method for restoring soil fertility by utilizing the soil nematodes can be developed, local materials can be used, and wastes are changed into valuables.
In conclusion, the prior art has the problem that a method for restoring soil fertility, which can degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon organic matters and metal pollution in soil, is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes can degrade the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon organic matters and metal in soil.
The invention provides a method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging a plurality of deep grooves at intervals in an area to be repaired, wherein the depth of each deep groove is 25-40cm, and the width of each deep groove is 10-25 cm; the soil between the adjacent deep grooves is called a flat ridge, a plurality of shallow grooves are arranged in the flat ridge at intervals along the direction vertical to the deep grooves, and the depth of each shallow groove is 10-20cm, and the width of each shallow groove is 10-20 cm;
step 2, spraying a soil nematode repairing agent into the shallow trench, wherein the soil nematode repairing agent is prepared by fully mixing the following components in parts by weight: 500-800 parts of soil nematode suspension, 1-3 parts of humic acid and 1-3 parts of ammonium chloride;
naturally placing for 5-14 days;
step 3, scattering apatite in the area to be repaired, and continuously placing for 5-14 d;
step 4, killing operation is carried out by using a soil nematode insecticide;
and 5, filling organic fertilizer into the lower half layer of all the deep grooves, and filling the upper half layer with soil in the area to be repaired.
Preferably, in the method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes, the concentration of the soil nematodes in the soil nematode suspension is 10-15 per mL; the application amount of the soil nematode repairing agent is 5-10L per mu.
Preferably, in the method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes, the soil nematode suspension is prepared according to the following method: selecting complete and full oocysts, placing the oocysts into a sterilized culture dish filled with a proper amount of sterile water, placing the oocysts into a thermostat at the temperature of 28 +/-1 ℃ for culturing, and inoculating hatched second-instar larvae J2 to the roots of plants susceptible to diseases in a greenhouse for propagation after 3-4 days; hatching the oocysts obtained by propagation to obtain second-instar larvae J2, and adding sterile water to prepare a root-knot nematode suspension of 10-15 pieces/mL.
Preferably, in the method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes, the soil nematodes are root-knot nematodes or heterorhabditis elegans.
Preferably, in the method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes, the apatite is applied in an amount of 5-10kg per mu.
Preferably, in the method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes, the distance between the adjacent deep trenches is 1-2m, and the distance between the adjacent shallow trenches is 3-5 m.
Preferably, in the method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes, the soil nematode restoring agent is used for degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon organic matters and metal elements in soil.
Preferably, in the method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon organic matter is tricyclic phenanthrene PHE or tetracyclic pyrenePYR; the metal element is copper.
Compared with the prior art, the method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the soil nematode repairing agent provided by the invention can effectively degrade the content of organic matters and metals in soil, and experiments prove that after 14 days, tricyclic phenanthrene PHE can be degraded by about 22.1-26.9%, tetracyclic pyrene PYR can be degraded by about 19.2%, and metallic copper can be degraded by about 15.2-18.0%.
The soil nematode repairing agent is firstly utilized to degrade the organic matter and metal content in the soil, the soil nematode is to be killed, the plant growth is prevented from being harmed, and finally, the organic fertilizer is supplemented, so that the soil fertility is improved, and the organic matter, amino acid and other substances which can be effectively utilized by the plant in the soil are supplemented. The use of the apatite can solidify the metal in the soil, prevent the metal from losing along with water and facilitate the degradation of the metal by microorganisms. The soil nematode repairing agent and the organic fertilizer are separately placed and treated by arranging the deep grooves and the shallow grooves, nematodes in the shallow grooves can be killed and killed in a key mode during pest killing, the pertinence is high, the water flow direction can be changed by arranging the criss-cross grooves, organic matters and metals are fixed in the square blocks, and the soil nematode repairing agent is convenient to degrade. The organic fertilizer is buried under the soil of the area to be repaired, so that the nutrient substances in the organic fertilizer can be prevented from volatilizing into the air.
The method can effectively improve the soil environment in the northern gulf of Guangxi and restore the soil fertility, has good application prospect and has high economic benefit and ecological benefit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides a method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging a plurality of deep grooves in a to-be-repaired area at intervals in parallel, wherein the depth of each deep groove is 25-40cm, the width of each deep groove is 10-25cm, and the distance between every two adjacent deep grooves is 1-2 m; the soil between the adjacent deep grooves is called a flat ridge, a plurality of shallow grooves are arranged in the flat ridge in parallel and at intervals along the direction vertical to the deep grooves, the depth of each shallow groove is 10-20cm, the width of each shallow groove is 10-20cm, and the distance between every two adjacent shallow grooves is 3-5 m.
Step 2, spraying a soil nematode repairing agent into the shallow trench, wherein the soil nematode repairing agent is prepared by fully mixing the following components in parts by weight: 500-800 parts of soil nematode suspension, 1-3 parts of humic acid and 1-3 parts of ammonium chloride;
naturally placing for 5-7 days to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon organic matters in the soil.
And 3, scattering apatite in the area to be repaired to solidify the metal in the soil and prevent the metal from flowing, continuously placing for 5-7 days, and degrading the metal in the soil by using soil nematodes.
Step 4, killing operation is carried out by using the soil nematode insecticide, so that the soil nematode content in the soil reaches a normal level which does not influence the growth of plants or crops;
and 5, filling organic fertilizer into the lower half layer in the deep groove, and filling the upper half layer with soil in the area to be repaired, wherein the organic fertilizer is animal manure or straw decomposed substances. The straw decomposed product is straw decomposed by EM bacteria.
The working principle of the invention is shown in fig. 1.
It is to be noted that the soil nematodes adopted in the present invention are root-knot nematodes or heterorhabditis elegans. In the following examples, the Meloidogyne incognita is Meloidogyne incognita (melodogyne incognita), which is a tomato root system with serious disease collected by the inventor, the complete and full oocyst is selected and placed in a sterilized culture dish containing a proper amount of sterile water, the sterilized culture dish is placed in a thermostat at 28 +/-1 ℃ for culture, and the hatched second-instar larvae J2 are inoculated to the tomato root which is susceptible to disease in a greenhouse for propagation after 3-4 days. Hatching the oocysts obtained by propagation into second-instar larvae J2 by adopting a tray method, and adding sterile water to prepare 10-15 root-knot nematode suspension per mL.
In the following examples, Heterorhabditis bacteriodes (Heterorhabditis beccheriana), which is a cucumber root system collected by the inventors from a severe disease, was prepared into a Heterorhabditis bacteriodes suspension of 10 to 15 strands/mL according to the above-mentioned method for preparing a root knot nematode suspension.
It should be noted that, as long as the identified strains belonging to the soil nematodes can be used, the embodiment of the present invention is convenient for research and self-obtained, and those skilled in the art can purchase other strains of soil nematodes for experiments.
Preferably, the method for restoring soil fertility by using soil nematodes according to the present invention comprises the following examples.
Example 1
A method for restoring soil fertility by utilizing soil nematodes comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging a plurality of deep grooves in a to-be-repaired area in parallel at intervals, wherein the depth of each deep groove is 25-30cm, the width of each deep groove is 10-15cm, and the distance between every two adjacent deep grooves is 1 m; the soil between the adjacent deep grooves is called a flat ridge, a plurality of shallow grooves are arranged in the flat ridge in parallel and at intervals along the direction vertical to the deep grooves, the depth of each shallow groove is 15-20cm, the width of each shallow groove is 15-20cm, and the distance between every two adjacent shallow grooves is 5 m.
Step 2, spraying a soil nematode repairing agent into the shallow trench, wherein the soil nematode repairing agent is prepared by fully mixing the following components in parts by weight: 800 parts of soil nematode suspension, 3 parts of humic acid and 3 parts of ammonium chloride; the soil nematodes are root-knot nematodes, and the concentration of the soil nematodes in the soil nematode suspension is 10 per mL; the application amount of the soil nematode repairing agent is 10L per mu.
Naturally placing for 5 days to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon organic matters in the soil.
And 3, scattering apatite in the area to be repaired, wherein the application amount is 5kg per mu, so that the metal is solidified in the soil, the metal is prevented from flowing, continuously placing for 7d, and degrading the metal in the soil by using soil nematodes.
And 4, killing the soil nematodes by using the soil nematode insecticide to ensure that the soil nematode content in the soil reaches a normal level which does not influence the growth of plants or crops. The soil nematode pesticide adopts earthworm tablet to kill ground wire.
And 5, filling organic fertilizer into the lower half layer of all the deep grooves, and filling the upper half layer of the deep grooves with soil of the area to be repaired, wherein the organic fertilizer is animal manure.
Example 2
A method for restoring soil fertility by utilizing soil nematodes comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging a plurality of deep grooves in an area to be repaired in parallel at intervals, wherein the depth of each deep groove is 35-40cm, the width of each deep groove is 20-25cm, and the distance between every two adjacent deep grooves is 2 m; the soil between the adjacent deep grooves is called as a flat ridge, a plurality of shallow grooves are arranged in the flat ridge in parallel and at intervals along the direction vertical to the deep grooves, the depth of each shallow groove is 10-15cm, the width of each shallow groove is 10-15cm, and the distance between every two adjacent shallow grooves is 3 m.
Step 2, spraying a soil nematode repairing agent into the shallow trench, wherein the soil nematode repairing agent is prepared by fully mixing the following components in parts by weight: 500 parts of soil nematode suspension, 1 part of humic acid and 1 part of ammonium chloride; the soil nematodes are root-knot nematodes, and the concentration of the soil nematodes in the soil nematode suspension is 15 per mL; the application amount of the soil nematode repairing agent is 5L per mu.
Naturally placing for 7 days to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon organic matters in the soil.
And 3, scattering apatite in the area to be repaired, wherein the application amount is 10kg per mu, so that the metal is solidified in the soil, the metal is prevented from flowing, continuously placing for 5 days, and degrading the metal in the soil by using soil nematodes.
And 4, killing the soil nematodes by using the soil nematode insecticide to ensure that the soil nematode content in the soil reaches a normal level which does not influence the growth of plants or crops. The soil nematode pesticide is prepared by using the energy-raising brand nematode pesticide.
And 5, filling organic fertilizer into the lower half layer of all the deep grooves, and filling the upper half layer of the deep grooves with soil of the area to be repaired, wherein the organic fertilizer is animal manure.
Example 3
A method for restoring soil fertility by utilizing soil nematodes comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging a plurality of deep grooves in a to-be-repaired area in parallel at intervals, wherein the depth of each deep groove is 30-35cm, the width of each deep groove is 10-15cm, and the distance between every two adjacent deep grooves is 1.5 m; the soil between the adjacent deep grooves is called a flat ridge, a plurality of shallow grooves are arranged in the flat ridge in parallel and at intervals along the direction vertical to the deep grooves, the depth of each shallow groove is 15-20cm, the width of each shallow groove is 15-20cm, and the distance between every two adjacent shallow grooves is 4 m.
Step 2, spraying a soil nematode repairing agent into the shallow trench, wherein the soil nematode repairing agent is prepared by fully mixing the following components in parts by weight: 600 parts of soil nematode suspension, 2 parts of humic acid and 2 parts of ammonium chloride; the soil nematodes are root-knot nematodes, and the concentration of the soil nematodes in the soil nematode suspension is 12 per mL; the application amount of the soil nematode repairing agent is 8L per mu.
And naturally placing for 14 days to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon organic matters in the soil.
And 3, scattering apatite in the area to be repaired, wherein the application amount is 7kg per mu, so that the metal is solidified in the soil, the metal is prevented from flowing, continuously placing for 14d, and degrading the metal in the soil by using soil nematodes.
And 4, killing the soil nematodes by using the soil nematode insecticide to ensure that the soil nematode content in the soil reaches a normal level which does not influence the growth of plants or crops. The soil nematode pesticide adopts earthworm tablet to kill ground wire.
And 5, filling organic fertilizer into the lower half layer of all the deep grooves, and filling the upper half layer of the deep grooves with soil in the area to be repaired, wherein the organic fertilizer is straw decomposed substances. The straw decomposed product is straw decomposed by EM bacteria.
Example 4
A method for restoring soil fertility using soil nematodes in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the concentration of the soil nematodes in the soil nematode suspension is 7 per mL; the application amount of the soil nematode repairing agent is 11L per mu; 12kg of apatite is applied per mu.
To verify the effect of the present invention, we performed an organic matter degradation test and a metal degradation test.
Test soil: soil in the Qinzhou region in northern Guangxi, bay of Qinzhou section in Guangxi, northern Guangxi, belongs to an erosion-type coast, mainly a muddy coast. The test soil is divided into A group, B group, C group, D group and control group.
Manually adding tricyclic phenanthrene PHE and copper chloride into the group A, the group B and the group C, and enabling the concentration of the tricyclic phenanthrene PHE to be 100mg/kg of soil and the concentration of copper ions to be 50mg/kg of soil; the soil remediation agent of examples 1-3 was added to groups A, B and C, respectively, at a rate of 1mL per kg.
D, manually adding tetracyclic pyrene PYR and copper chloride, and enabling the concentration of the tetracyclic pyrene PYR to be 100mg/kg of soil and the concentration of copper ions to be 50mg/kg of soil; then the soil remediation agent of example 1 was added at 1mL per kg.
The control group was left as is without any treatment.
The four groups are naturally placed for 14 days, and the content of organic matters and copper elements in the 7 th day and the 14 th day are respectively tested, and the results are as follows:
the content of the group A tricyclic phenanthrene PHE is 86.5mg/kg soil on day 7 and 73.1mg/kg soil on day 14, and the content of copper ions is 43.5mg/kg soil on day 7 and 42.0mg/kg soil on day 14.
The content of the tricyclic phenanthrene PHE in the group B is 85.1mg/kg of soil on day 7 and 77.9mg/kg of soil on day 14, and the content of copper ions is 43.5mg/kg of soil on day 7 and 41.1mg/kg of soil on day 14.
The content of the group C tricyclic phenanthrene PHE is 85.2mg/kg soil on day 7 and 74.1mg/kg soil on day 14, and the content of copper ions is 43.7mg/kg soil on day 7 and 42.3mg/kg soil on day 14.
The content of the D group of tetracyclic pyrene PYR is 88.5mg/kg soil on day 7, 81.8mg/kg soil on day 14, the content of copper ions is 44.6mg/kg soil on day 7, and the content of copper ions is 41.0mg/kg soil on day 14.
The content of the tricyclic phenanthrene PHE in the control group is 98.3mg/kg of soil on day 7 and 90.4mg/kg of soil on day 14, and the content of copper ions is 48.6mg/kg of soil on day 7 and 47.7mg/kg of soil on day 14.
The results show that the soil nematode repairing agent provided by the invention can effectively degrade the content of organic matters and metals in soil.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A method for restoring soil fertility by utilizing soil nematodes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, arranging a plurality of deep grooves at intervals in an area to be repaired, wherein the depth of each deep groove is 25-40cm, and the width of each deep groove is 10-25 cm; the soil between the adjacent deep grooves is called a flat ridge, a plurality of shallow grooves are arranged in the flat ridge at intervals along the direction vertical to the deep grooves, and the depth of each shallow groove is 10-20cm, and the width of each shallow groove is 10-20 cm;
step 2, spraying a soil nematode repairing agent into the shallow trench, wherein the soil nematode repairing agent is prepared by fully mixing the following components in parts by weight: 500-800 parts of soil nematode suspension, 1-3 parts of humic acid and 1-3 parts of ammonium chloride;
naturally placing for 5-14 days;
step 3, scattering apatite in the area to be repaired, and continuously placing for 5-14 d;
step 4, killing operation is carried out by using a soil nematode insecticide;
and 5, filling organic fertilizer into the lower half layer of all the deep grooves, and filling the upper half layer with soil in the area to be repaired.
2. The method for remediating soil fertility using soil nematodes according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of soil nematodes in the soil nematode suspension is 10-15 nematodes/mL; the application amount of the soil nematode repairing agent is 5-10L per mu.
3. The method for remediating soil fertility using soil nematodes according to claim 2, wherein said soil nematode suspension is prepared according to the following method: selecting complete and full oocysts, placing the oocysts into a sterilized culture dish filled with a proper amount of sterile water, placing the oocysts into a thermostat at the temperature of 28 +/-1 ℃ for culturing, and inoculating hatched second-instar larvae J2 to the roots of plants susceptible to diseases in a greenhouse for propagation after 3-4 days; hatching the oocysts obtained by propagation to obtain second-instar larvae J2, and adding sterile water to prepare a root-knot nematode suspension of 10-15 pieces/mL.
4. The method for remediating soil fertility using soil nematodes according to claim 2, wherein said soil nematodes are root-knot nematodes or heterodera sp.
5. The method for remediating soil fertility with soil nematodes as claimed in claim 1, wherein said apatite is applied in an amount of 5-10kg per acre.
6. The method for remediating soil fertility by soil nematodes according to claim 1, wherein a distance between adjacent deep trenches is 1-2m, and a distance between adjacent shallow trenches is 3-5 m.
7. The method for remediating soil fertility using soil nematodes according to claim 1, wherein said soil nematode remediation agent is used to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon organics and metal elements in soil.
8. The method for remediating soil fertility by soil nematodes according to claim 7, wherein the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon organic matter is tricyclic phenanthrene PHE or tetracyclic pyrenePYR; the metal element is copper.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106424131B (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2019-12-20 | 南昌工程学院 | Method for restoring petroleum-polluted soil |
| CN107008742B (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2020-11-27 | 南昌工程学院 | Method for accelerating remediation of petroleum-polluted soil |
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| US5100455A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-03-31 | Pinckard Joseph A | Process for bioremediation of soils |
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