CN106424131B - Method for restoring petroleum-polluted soil - Google Patents
Method for restoring petroleum-polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN106424131B CN106424131B CN201611044351.8A CN201611044351A CN106424131B CN 106424131 B CN106424131 B CN 106424131B CN 201611044351 A CN201611044351 A CN 201611044351A CN 106424131 B CN106424131 B CN 106424131B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring petroleum-polluted soil, and relates to the technical field of restoration of polluted soil. And (3) repairing the petroleum polluted soil by using bacteria-eating nematodes. The method is simple and convenient, is easy to implement, can effectively reduce the petroleum concentration of the polluted soil, thereby playing a role in purifying the soil, realizing the recycling of the polluted soil, and having very prominent social and economic benefits under the conditions of increasingly reduced cultivated land area and increasingly severe land pollution at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polluted soil remediation.
Background
The soil nematode is one of the main functional groups of soil animals, is the most abundant metazoan in soil, is widely distributed in the soil of various habitats, and the quantity can reach 7.6 multiplied by 105-9.2×106/m2. Soil nematodes are mainly classified into 4 types according to the nutritional group: the number of the bacteria-eating nematodes in the farmland ecosystem is more than 60 percent, and the ratio of the bacteria-eating nematodes in the rhizosphere soil is higherCan reach about 90 percent, and has important ecological function in a soil ecosystem.
Numerous studies have shown that soil nematodes are widely present in petroleum contaminated soils, of which the bacteria-feeding nematodes are the dominant group. Xiaoneng et al found that the number of bacteria-feeding nematodes in the oil well soil (except the oil well IV) was the largest, and the nematode NCR of each oil well soil was >0.8 (the NCR is the channel ratio, which represents the decomposition path of soil organic matter), indicating that the decomposition path of the oil well soil organic matter is mainly bacterial decomposition, and that the bacteria are the main functional group for decomposing oil in the contaminated soil (Shengli oil well exploitation time of oil field affects the soil nematode community, environmental science research, 2011,24(9): 1008) 1015; Daqing oil field exploitation affects the soil nematode community, ecology report, 2011, 31: 3736- -3744.). The international sea and other researches show that nematodes can affect the growth of microorganisms in prometryn contaminated Soil, have a certain absorption and enrichment effect on prometryn in Soil, and can remove prometryn from the contaminated Soil (Effects of bacterial-feeding and promoter-grading bacteria on the displacement of promoter in contaminated Soil, Journal of resources and derivatives, 2012, 12(4): 576-585; Combined Effects of bacterial-feeding and promoter on the microbial activity, Journal of saline Materials, 2011, 192(3): 1243-9; dye of microorganisms and microorganism of 20164: 12; dye of microorganism of 20176). However, the ecological function of the bactereophagous nematodes in the petroleum-polluted soil and the influence of the interaction between the bactereophagous nematodes and bacteria on the degradation of the petroleum in the soil are not clear, so that the research on how the bactereophagous nematodes regulate the activity and the quantity of the bacteria in the petroleum-polluted soil is expected to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the research on the concentration of the degraded petroleum.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for restoring petroleum-polluted soil, which restores the petroleum-polluted soil by using bacterium-feeding nematodes, is simple and convenient, is easy to implement, can effectively reduce the petroleum concentration of the polluted soil, thereby playing a role in purifying the soil, realizing the recycling of the polluted soil, and having very outstanding social and economic benefits under the conditions of increasingly reduced cultivated land area and increasingly severe land pollution at present.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for restoring petroleum-polluted soil, which restores the petroleum-polluted soil by using bacterium-eating nematodes.
Preferably, the bacterium-eating nematodes are used as animal repairing materials of the petroleum-polluted soil, and the petroleum-polluted soil is repaired by an animal-microorganism combined system formed by the interaction of the bacterium-eating nematodes and soil microorganisms, wherein the soil microorganisms are the microorganisms in the petroleum-polluted soil.
Preferably, the petroleum polluted soil is calculated by dry soil, and 1-20 edible bacterial nematodes are put into 1g of dry soil.
Further preferably, the petroleum polluted soil is calculated by dry soil, and 5-20 edible bacterial nematodes are added into 1g of dry soil.
More preferably, the petroleum-contaminated soil is calculated by dry soil, and 5 edible bacterial nematodes are added into 1g of dry soil.
Preferably, the petroleum-contaminated soil is calculated by dry soil, 1g of dry soil contains 0.005g of petroleum (1 kg of dry soil contains 5.0g of petroleum), and 1g of dry soil is added with 1-20 edible bacterial nematodes.
Further preferably, the petroleum-contaminated soil contains, on a dry basis, 1g of dry soil containing 0.005g of petroleum (1 kg of dry soil containing 5.0g of petroleum), and 5 to 20 predatory bacterial nematodes are added to 1g of dry soil.
More preferably, the petroleum-contaminated soil contains 0.005g of petroleum (5.0 g of petroleum in 1 kg of dry soil) in 1g of dry soil, and 5 herbivorous bacterial nematodes are added to 1g of dry soil.
More preferably, the petroleum-contaminated soil contains 0.005g of petroleum (5.0 g of petroleum in 1 kg of dry soil) in 1g of dry soil, and 10 herbivorous bacteria nematodes are added to 1g of dry soil.
More preferably, the petroleum-contaminated soil contains 0.005g of petroleum (5.0 g of petroleum in 1 kg of dry soil) in 1g of dry soil, and 20 nematophagous bacteria are added to 1g of dry soil.
Preferably, the bacteroidal nematode is a model nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans。
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
(1) the method is simple and convenient, is easy to implement, can effectively reduce the petroleum concentration of the polluted soil, thereby playing a role in purifying the soil, realizing the recycling of the polluted soil, and having very outstanding social and economic benefits under the conditions of increasingly reduced cultivated land area and increasingly severe land pollution at present;
(2) according to the invention, the bacterium-eating nematodes are used as animal repairing materials for the petroleum-polluted soil, and an animal-microorganism combined system formed by the interaction of the bacterium-eating nematodes and soil microorganisms is used for repairing the petroleum-polluted soil, so that the concentration of petroleum in the polluted soil can be effectively reduced;
(3) the conclusion of the invention is that: the addition of the petroleum crude oil can provide a carbon source for part of soil microorganisms and promote the increase of the biomass carbon of the soil microorganisms; the growth of soil microorganisms is stimulated within a period of time; the input of the bacteria-eating nematodes has the promotion effect on soil microbial metabolism and soil enzyme activity; the bacterium-eating nematode can stimulate the propagation of soil microorganisms in the petroleum-polluted environment, and the petroleum concentration of the polluted soil can be effectively reduced by adding the bacterium-eating nematode into the petroleum-polluted soil.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description;
FIG. 1 is a bar graph showing the effect of nematodes having different densities on the remediation of soil contaminated with petroleum in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a bar graph of the effect of different density nematodes on the biomass carbon of soil microorganisms in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of the effect of different density nematodes on soil base respiration in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of the effect of different density nematodes on FDA hydrolase activity in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a bar graph of the effect of nematodes of different densities on dehydrogenase activity in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a bar graph of the effect of different density nematodes on urease activity in example 1 of the present invention;
in the figure, S-uncontaminated test soil, SP-5.0g petroleum/kg dry soil contaminated with petroleum, FSP-5.0g petroleum/kg dry soil sterilized at high temperature, SPN5-5.0g petroleum/kg dry soil contaminated with petroleum + 5 food bacterial nematodes/g dry soil, SPN10-5.0g petroleum/kg dry soil contaminated with petroleum + 10 food bacterial nematodes/g dry soil, SPN20-5.0g petroleum/kg dry soil contaminated with petroleum + 20 food bacterial nematodes/g dry soil. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05).
Detailed Description
Example 1
1 experimental part
1.1 Experimental materials
Test soil: the soil is collected from Anhui province and county, large granular substances in the soil are picked out, stones, gravels and plant residues are removed, the soil is sieved by a 2 mm sieve, the soil is put into a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 26 ℃ for freezing for three days, then the soil is transferred into a biological incubator at the temperature of 22 ℃ for culturing for one week, and the nematode existing in the soil in advance is killed by repeated freezing and thawing for 5 to 7 times by adopting a repeated freezing and thawing method. The nematodes were isolated by tray method until they were free of nematodes.
Petroleum to be tested: the petroleum crude oil is from China petrochemical Jinnan oil field, and the basic physicochemical properties are as follows: the ground relative density is 871.4 kg.m3The viscosity of the ground is 18.7 mPas (60 ℃), the freezing point is 26.8 ℃, the wax content is 24.7 percent, and the total content of the colloid and the asphaltene is 8.4 percent at 25 ℃.
Preparing petroleum-polluted soil: and (3) manually simulating the polluted soil, completely dissolving the petroleum crude oil by using acetone, slowly adding the dissolved petroleum crude oil into the soil to be tested, fully and uniformly mixing, placing the mixture in a fume hood, continuously stirring, and uniformly mixing the polluted soil with the rest of the soil for killing the threads after the polluted soil is completely volatilized to ensure that the concentration of the polluted soil is 5.0 g/kg.
The bacteriophagous nematodes used in this experiment were model nematodes:Caenorhabditis elegansthe nematodes need to be disinfected, so that the soil is prevented from being polluted by microorganisms carried by the nematodes, and experimental errors are reduced. The disinfectant is a mixture of 0.002% of cycloheximide and 0.1% of streptomycin sulfate antibiotic.
1.2 design of the experiment
The 6 treatment methods are as follows:
s-uncontaminated test soil;
SP-5.0g oil/kg dry oil contaminated soil;
FSP-5.0g petroleum/kg dry soil high temperature sterilization petroleum contaminated soil;
SPN5-5.0g oil/kg dry soil oil contaminated soil + 5 food bacteria nematodes/g dry soil;
SPN10-5.0g oil/kg dry soil oil contaminated soil + 10 food bacteria nematodes/g dry soil;
SPN20-5.0g oil/kg dry soil oil contaminated soil + 20 food bacteria nematodes/g dry soil.
Wherein, because the water content of different soils is different, the amount of petroleum and bacteria-eating nematodes is calculated after converting the soil into dry soil, for example: the expression "SPN 5-5.0g oil/kg dry soil contaminated with oil + 5 nematodes/g dry soil" means that "the concentration of oil contamination is 5.0g oil per kg dry soil, i.e. 5.0g oil/kg dry soil, and then the number of bacteria-feeding nematodes is 5 nematodes per gram dry soil, i.e. 5 nematodes/g dry soil.
And (3) the soil is subpackaged into 250 mL triangular bottles, the total number of the triangular bottles is 168, the soil weight in each bottle is equivalent to 120 g of dry soil, and the water content is adjusted to be 50% of the saturated water content. The whole process is aseptic operation, the soil treated by SP, FSP (sterilized by high pressure steam), SPN5, SPN10 and SPN20 has been treated by petroleum pollution, the relative amount of model nematodes is added in the treatments of SPN5, SPN10 and SPN20, and the culture is carried out at constant temperature of 22 ℃. The experiment was a destructive sampling, six treatments of sampling for each experiment, with 4 flasks randomly selected as 4 replicates. Samples were taken on days 0, 7, 14, 28, 56, 112 and 168 for analysis of soil petroleum residue concentration, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil basal respiration, FDA hydrolase activity, dehydrogenase activity, urease activity and catalase activity.
1.3 measurement method
The soil petroleum residual concentration is measured by adopting an ultrasonic extraction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the soil microorganism biomass carbon is measured by adopting CHCl3Fumigation-K2SO4Leaching method, using TOC instrument to analyze and measure; the organic carbon in the soil adopts K2Cr2O7An oxidation process; soil FDA hydrolase activity determination was determined by an optimized FDA (fluorescein diacetate) hydrolysis method, using a production scale of fluorescein per gram of soil per hour (μ g)-1·h-1) (ii) a The soil urease activity adopts an eugenol blue colorimetric method, and NH is generated per gram of soil after 24 hours3-N represents (mg. g)-1·d-1) (ii) a The catalase activity is titrated by potassium permanganate and KMnO4 mL/(g.h) represents that dehydrogenase adopts a method TTC reduction method, and the generated amount of Triphenylformazan (TPF) which is a reduction product of TTC in each gram of dry soil after 24 hours is expressed as (mu g.g)-1·d-1) (ii) a The soil basal respiration is determined by gas chromatography analysis.
1.4 data analysis
Excel and SPSS are adopted for data processing and statistical analysis, the biomass data adopts 'mean +/-standard error', and SPSS statistical analysis software is adopted for variance analysis, correlation analysis and linear regression.
2 results and discussion
2.1 Effect of nematodes with different density patterns on the remediation Effect of Petroleum contaminated soil
Studies have shown a tendency for the residual concentration of petroleum in the contaminated soil to decrease gradually over the incubation time, and to a different extent with different treatments (figure 1). There were no significant differences between the treatments at day 0 and day 7 sampling; on day 14, there was no significant difference between the treatment SP and the control FSP, and there was a significant difference between the treatment SPN5 and SPN10 and between the treatment SPN20 and the control FSP (S) ((S))P<0.05); at day 28 sampling, treatment SP, treatment SPN10 did not significantly differ from control treatment FSP: (P<0.05), whereas the treated SPN5 was significantly different from the control-treated FSP (fP<0.05), residual concentration of petroleum canAs can be taken from fig. 1: the treatment of FSP & gtSP & gtSPN 10 & gtSPN 20 & gtSPN 5 shows that the treatment of adding the nematodes has certain effect on degrading petroleum; oil residual concentrations at day 56 and 112 sampling: (FSP > SP > SPN10 > SPN20 > SPN5, each treatment was significantly different from control FSP: (P<0.05), and the treated SPN5 has the lowest residual concentration than other treated oils; the oil residue concentration is that the oil content of the soil treated by FSP & gt SP & gt SPN10 & gt SPN20 & gt SPN5 when the soil is sampled on the 168 th day, and the oil content of the soil treated by FSP, SP, SPN5, SPN10 and SPN20 is reduced by about 30.81%, 60.77%, 80.01%, 67.63% and 66.31% when the soil is sampled on the 0 th day. That is, the petroleum degradation rates of the treatments SP, SPN5, SPN10, and SPN20 were increased by 29.96%, 49.20%, 36.82%, and 35.50%, respectively, as compared to the control-treated FSP. Therefore, the soil microorganisms and the interaction of the soil microorganisms and the model edible bacteria nematodes can promote the degradation of petroleum in the polluted soil, wherein the degradation efficiency of the treated SPN5 is higher than that of other treated petroleum, which indicates that the addition of the nematodes has a certain effect on reducing the concentration of the petroleum-polluted soil, but the more the nematodes are, the better the addition of the nematodes is.
2.2 Effect of different Density Pattern nematodes on soil microbial Biomass carbon
As shown in fig. 2, the soil microbial biomass carbon was not significantly different among the treatments SP, SPN5, SPN10, and SPN20 at the time of sampling on day 0; the soil microbial biomass carbon content at day 7, sampled as SP > SPN10 > SPN20 > SPN5, increased by about 28.79% for SP treated soil microbial biomass carbon, about 17.60%, 5.27% and 3.18% for SPN10, SPN20 and SPN5 treated soil microbial biomass carbon, and significantly different for SP treated versus SPN5, SPN20 treated (S-SP<0.05); at day 14, there was no significant difference between treated SPN10 and treated SPN20, while treated SP was significantly different from treated SP and treated SPN5 (day 14 sampling) (ii)P<0.05); at day 28, no significant difference was observed between treatment SP, SPN5, and SPN10, and compared to control treatment S ((S))P<0.05), treatment SPN20 was not significantly different from control treatment S; in the sample at day 56, the dividing SPN20 was significantly different from the control S (S)P<0.05), the remaining treatments were not significantly different from the control treatment S; in the samples taken on days 112 and 168,the soil microorganisms treated with SPN10 had the highest biomass carbon, with no significant difference between the other treatments. From the overall trend, the carbon of the soil microorganisms under different treatments tends to rise first and then fall during the whole culture time. The increase of the biomass carbon of the soil microorganisms at the initial stage is probably because the petroleum crude oil is added into the soil, a large amount of carbon sources are provided for the growth of the microorganisms in the soil, and the growth of the microorganisms in the soil is stimulated to a certain extent. In the middle and later period of the culture time, the decomposable substances in the petroleum are reduced, and even the growth of soil microorganisms is inhibited, so that the biomass carbon of the soil microorganisms for treating SP, SPN5, SPN10 and SPN20 is reduced. In summary, the carbon value of the biomass of the soil microorganisms is higher when the nematodes are added compared with other treatments.
2.3 Effect of different Density patterns on soil base respiration
As can be seen from FIG. 3, soil CO was present throughout the cultivation time2The discharge amount of (A) is increased and then decreased. The overall trend tended to plateau after the 28 th day sample. Processing CO in SPN5, SPN10, and SPN20 at the time of day 0 sampling2Is significantly higher than the CO in the SP2The basal respiration rates of the soils treated SP, SPN5, SPN10 and SPN20 were enhanced by about 218.57%, 688.99%, 630.64% and 586.79%, respectively, as compared with the control treatment S; significantly different from the control treatment S: (P<0.05), and the treatments SPN5, SPN10 and SPN20 are significantly different from the treatments SP(s) ((S)P<0.05), no significant difference among SPN5, SPN10, and SPN20 was treated; the respiration quantity of the processed SP, SPN5, SPN10 and SPN20 soil bases is remarkably higher than that of the soil bases sampled on the day 7 and the day 14, probably because certain soil microorganisms capable of decomposing oil exist in the soil, the oil is used as a carbon source to promote the growth and the propagation of the soil microorganisms, the added bacteria-eating nematodes are sufficient to serve as food due to the mass propagation of the soil microorganisms, and the propagation quantity is increased, namely the CO is increased2The discharge amount is increased along with the increase of the discharge amount; on the other hand, the reason may be that soil microorganisms are stressed in the petroleum-polluted soil environment, the self metabolism is increased, the early respiration of the nematodes is enhanced, and a large amount of CO is released2.2 nd (2)The respiratory rate of the treated soil bases SPN5, SPN10 and SPN20 at the sampling time of 8 days and 56 days is far lower than that of the soil bases at the sampling time of 0 day, probably because the crude oil content of petroleum which is easily utilized by soil microorganisms is reduced, namely the nutrients in the soil are reduced, the number of the soil microorganisms shows a descending trend, and the CO is caused2Reduced emissions and stabilized after 28 days; on day 112, CO was treated more than on day 562The discharge amount of the fertilizer is slowly increased, probably because microorganisms in the soil adapt to the soil environment after a period of time and start to slowly reproduce and grow; on day 168, the respiration intensity of the soil for each treatment decreased.
2.4 Effect of different Density patterns on soil enzyme Activity
2.4.1 Effect of different Density patterns of nematodes on FDA hydrolase Activity
As shown in fig. 4, the overall trend of FDA hydrolase over the incubation time is: rising first, then falling and rising again. At day 0 sampling, there were no significant differences between treatments SP, SPN5, SPN10, and SPN20, but all were significantly different from control treatment S (no significant difference between treatment S and no significant differenceP<0.05); at the sampling of 7 th day and 14 th day, the FDA hydrolase activity of the SP, the SPN5, the SPN10 and the SPN20 is greater than that of the control S, probably because the added petroleum hydrocarbon can be used as a carbon source required by the growth of soil microorganisms, so that a large amount of soil microorganisms capable of decomposing petroleum are propagated, and the FDA hydrolase activity is remarkably increased; at day 28 sampling, there was no significant difference between the various treatments and the control treatment S; when the sample is taken on day 56, the activity of the FDA hydrolase is obviously increased, and the activity of the FDA hydrolase is enhanced due to the adaptation of soil microorganisms to the living environment and the increase of the number of the soil microorganisms; at day 112 sampling, there was no significant difference between the various treatments and the control treatment S; FDA hydrolase activity was shown by S > SPN10 > SPN5 > SP > SPN20 on day 168 samples, except that SPN20 was significantly different from control S (seeP<0.05), other treatments were not significantly different from control S.
2.4.2 Effect of nematodes of different densities on dehydrogenase Activity
As shown in FIG. 5, the dehydrogenase activity was in cultureGenerally showing a trend of ascending first and then descending in time. The dehydrogenase can activate hydrogen atoms of petroleum hydrocarbon and transfer the hydrogen atoms to a specific hydrogen acceptor, so as to realize the oxidation and conversion of the petroleum hydrocarbon. In most cases, the degradation or conversion of petroleum pollutants by soil microorganisms starts with dehydrogenation, and thus the activity of petroleum-degrading soil microorganisms can be reflected by the activity of dehydrogenase to evaluate the degradation performance. The activities of treatment SP, SPN5, SPN10, and SPN20 dehydrogenase were all higher than that of treatment S as a whole. At day 0 sampling, no significant difference was observed with the remaining treatments except treatment SPN20 for significant differences from control treatment S; at day 7, each treatment was significantly different from control treatment S ((S))P<0.05), and there is no significant difference between treatments, probably due to activation of hydrogen atoms of petroleum hydrocarbons and transfer to specific hydrogen acceptors, which effect oxidation and conversion of petroleum hydrocarbons, resulting in increased dehydrogenase activity between treatments; the dehydrogenase activity of each treatment was decreased in the day 14 samples, and the dehydrogenase activity of the treatments SP, SPN5, SPN10, and SPN20 was increased by about 19.19%, 24.35%, 37.32%, and 48.75% compared to the control treatment S; no significant difference between the treatments at day 28 and day 56 sampling; in the sample at day 112, the enzyme activity of dehydrogenase was treated with SP>SPN5>SPN10>S >SPN20, probably due to the increase in bacteroidal nematodes, reduced the oil concentration of the contaminated soil to some extent; at day 168, the treatments SP, SPN5, SPN10, and SPN20 were not significantly different from the control treatment S, probably as a result of substantial oxidation and conversion of readily decomposable hydrogen ions in the contaminated soil.
2.4.3 Effect of different Density patterns of nematodes on urease Activity
As shown in FIG. 6, the urease activity generally showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease during the incubation time. When sampling is carried out on day 0, the urease activities of the processed SP, the SPN5, the SPN10 and the SPN20 are not greatly different, probably because the urease activities of the soil are not greatly influenced by petroleum and bactereophagous nematodes added into the soil on day 0; urease activities of the treatments SPN5, SPN10, and SPN20 were significantly different from the control treatment S at day 7 sampling ((S))P<0.05) and SP was not significantly different from control treatment S, probably due to its additionThe petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil can be used as a carbon source required by the growth of soil microorganisms, so that the mass propagation of the soil microorganisms is caused, the increase of the number of bacteria-feeding nematodes is further promoted, and the urease activity is increased rapidly. In the samples at 28 th day and 56 th day, the SP, SPN5, SPN20 and SPN20 are all higher than the S in the control treatment, probably because the added petroleum still further stimulates the growth of soil microorganisms to influence the activity of urease; in the sample on day 112, treatment SPN5, treatment SPN10 had less urease activity than control treatment S, and there was no significant difference between treatments SPN5, SPN10, and SPN20, with about a 6.14% increase in SP urease activity and about 7.20%, 7.83%, and 2.52% decrease in urease activity for treatments SPN5, SPN10, and SPN20, as compared to control treatment S; at day 168, there was no significant difference between the various treatments and the control treatment S. The increase in urease activity may be due to increased activity of soil microorganisms using petroleum hydrocarbons as a carbon source. The reason for the decrease of the increase rate of the urease activity in the later period of bioremediation may be that a large amount of nutrients are consumed, easily degradable components are reduced, and the content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHS) is relatively increased. In general, the administration of bacteroidal nematodes promotes an increase in urease activity.
Discussion of 3
The detection of the petroleum concentration can reflect the petroleum concentration condition of the polluted soil within a certain time, and the result shows that the soil treated differently has different remediation effects on petroleum pollution. As can be seen from fig. 1, there was a significant difference in oil concentration between the different treatments at day 56 sampling: (P<0.05), and the petroleum concentration of the polluted soil treated by the SPN5 is lowest; at the 112 th day and 168 th day of the experiment, the SPN5 treatment is lower than other treatments in petroleum concentration, and the effect of adding nematodes on reducing the petroleum concentration of the polluted soil can be obtained, but the experimental data also shows that the more nematodes are not added, the better the petroleum concentration of the polluted soil is, and the nematodes are added according to the actual situation to repair the soil.
Enzymes are important indicators of nematode influences on soil microbial activity. Soil enzymes are the main participants in all biochemical processes in soil and are the most active bioactive substances in the processes of ecological system substance circulation, energy flow and the like. And soil enzymes, which are important components of soil, play an important role in processes such as substance conversion, energy metabolism, contaminated soil remediation and the like, and are called as the center of a soil ecosystem. The soil enzyme activity is simple, convenient, rapid and accurate to measure, and the activity of the soil enzyme is influenced by the soil pollution condition and the physical and chemical properties, so that the soil enzyme has obvious advantages as a monitoring index and gradually becomes an important research direction for monitoring the soil environment quality. Soil respiration is a macroscopic reflection of biological processes in soil, and soil enzyme activity is a microscopic reflection of biological processes in soil, so that the soil enzyme activity and soil respiration may have an internal relation, and the soil enzyme activity influences the soil respiration.
The FDA hydrolase is gradually and widely applied to soil quality evaluation, mainly because the correlation between the FDA hydrolase and the activity of soil microorganisms is more obvious than that of other enzyme activities, the FDA hydrolase has close relation with soil nutrient indexes such as total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and the like, can well reflect the conversion of organic matters in a system and the activity of microorganisms in soil, and is considered as one of biological indexes of soil health quality. The overall trend of FDA hydrolase over the incubation time is first to increase, then to decrease and then to increase. At day 168, no significant difference between SP and control S was observed for SPN5 and SPN10, while no significant difference between SPN20 and control S was observed ((S))P<0.05), it was concluded that inoculation with bacteroidal nematodes had an enhanced effect on FDA hydrolase activity, whereas treatment SP was consistently lower than other treatments because the toxic substances present in petroleum inhibited the activity of soil microorganisms. In the later stage of experimental sampling, the activity of the FDA hydrolase is reduced, probably because organic matters which can be utilized by soil microorganisms in petroleum are used up, the number of the soil microorganisms is reduced, the predation of bacteria-eating nematodes is reduced, and the activity of the FDA hydrolase is further influenced.
The soil dehydrogenase plays a catalytic dehydrogenation role in the degradation and conversion of soil substances and is an important index for representing the ecological function of soil. The dehydrogenase activity is generally expressed as a tendency to increase and then decrease during the incubation time. Probably because in the initial culture stage, hydrogen atoms of petroleum hydrocarbon are activated and transferred to a specific hydrogen acceptor to realize the oxidation and conversion of the petroleum hydrocarbon; by the later period of culture, the hydrogen atom conversion amount of petroleum hydrocarbon is reduced, and the activity of dehydrogenase is in a downward trend in the later period.
Urease is an amidase, can promote the hydrolysis of carbon-nitrogen bonds (CO-NH) in organic substances, has unique effect on soil nitrogen circulation, and can be beneficial to the conversion of organic nitrogen with higher stability in soil into effective nitrogen by improving the activity of the amidase, thereby improving the soil nitrogen supply condition. Thus, soil urease activity may characterize the nitrogen conversion status of the soil. Margesin et al indicate that diesel pollution results in increased soil urease activity, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution results in decreased urease activity. The urease activity generally showed a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing. At day 168, there was no significant difference between the treatments and the control treatment S, and overall, the bacterial-feeding nematode input promoted an increase in urease activity.
4 conclusion
1) The addition of the petroleum crude oil can provide a carbon source for part of soil microorganisms and promote the increase of biomass carbon of the soil microorganisms; the growth of soil microorganisms is stimulated within a period of time;
2) the input of the bacteria-eating nematodes has the promotion effect on the soil microbial metabolism and the soil enzyme activity;
3) the bacteria-eating nematodes can stimulate the propagation of soil microorganisms in the petroleum-polluted environment, and the concentration of petroleum in the polluted soil can be reduced by adding the bacteria-eating nematodes into the petroleum-polluted soil. And the petroleum-polluted soil is calculated by dry soil, 5 bacteria-eating nematodes are added into 1g of dry soil, and the effect of reducing the petroleum-polluted concentration of the soil is optimal.
Claims (7)
1. A method for restoring petroleum-contaminated soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of using bacteria-eating nematodes to repair the petroleum-polluted soil, using the bacteria-eating nematodes as animal repair materials of the petroleum-polluted soil, promoting soil microbial metabolism and soil enzyme activity by the investment of the bacteria-eating nematodes, and repairing the petroleum-polluted soil by using an animal-microorganism combined system formed by the interaction of the bacteria-eating nematodes and soil microorganisms, wherein the soil microorganisms are microorganisms in the petroleum-polluted soil, and the bacteria-eating nematodes are Caenorhabditis elegans.
2. The method for remediating petroleum-contaminated soil as recited in claim 1, wherein 1g of the dry soil is charged with 1-20 bacteriophagous nematodes, based on the dry soil.
3. The method for remediating petroleum-contaminated soil as recited in claim 2, wherein the amount of said petroleum-contaminated soil is 1g dry soil, and 5 to 20 bacteriophagous nematodes are added to said soil.
4. The method for remediating petroleum-contaminated soil as recited in claim 3, wherein the amount of said petroleum-contaminated soil is 1g dry soil, and 5 said bacteriophagous nematodes are added to said soil.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the oil-contaminated soil is 1g dry soil, and 1g dry soil contains 0.005g oil, and 1-20 nematophagous bacteria are added to the 1g dry soil.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the amount of the oil-contaminated soil is 1g dry soil containing 0.005g oil, and 5-20 nematophagous bacteria are added to 1g dry soil.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the amount of the oil-contaminated soil is 1g dry soil containing 0.005g oil, and 5 nematophagous bacteria are added to 1g dry soil.
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