CN1096913C - 一种传动齿轮的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种传动齿轮的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1096913C
CN1096913C CN98120262A CN98120262A CN1096913C CN 1096913 C CN1096913 C CN 1096913C CN 98120262 A CN98120262 A CN 98120262A CN 98120262 A CN98120262 A CN 98120262A CN 1096913 C CN1096913 C CN 1096913C
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transmitting gear
gear
transmitting
centrifugal rotation
tempering
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CN1210052A (zh
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H·韦特斯泰因
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Alstom SA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/14Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/32Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H55/00Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/06Use of materials; Use of treatments of toothed members or worms to affect their intrinsic material properties
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49462Gear making
    • Y10T29/49467Gear shaping
    • Y10T29/49476Gear tooth cutting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)

Abstract

在一种主要由轴(2)和轮齿(3)组成的传动齿轮(1)的制造方法中,对传动齿轮(1)进行淬火和回火。再次将传动齿轮(1)加热到回火温度并使其离心旋转。此后,让冷却下来的或过冷的传动齿轮(1)离心旋转并将轮齿(3)磨削至最终尺寸。

Description

一种传动齿轮的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括轴和轮齿的传动齿轮制造方法。
背景技术
在大型传动齿轮中,为了在耐磨强度和弯曲疲劳强度方面获得所需的传动齿轮齿的性能,特殊的材料选择和淬火是绝对必要的。传动齿轮的主要生产步骤包括锻造毛坯、初加工至预定尺寸及材料缺陷测试、淬火、回火以及通过磨削精加工至最终尺寸。通过淬火-回火步骤,在所说的传动齿轮表面层中形成了马氏体转变,这种转变的结果是在表面形成了压应力而在轮齿内部形成了拉应力。随着所说的传动齿轮的长度与直径之比的增大,这种内应力越发变成了三维拉应力,而这种三维拉应力可能在材料缺陷处导致应力集中并造成突发性断裂。一方面由于温度变化且另一方面由于离心力而形成的工作应力与内应力叠加并且当可能引发周期性或不稳定的断裂现象时加剧了这种情况。由于离心应力随着啮合速度的增大而增大且热应力随着体积的增大而增大,因此,所说的传动齿轮越大越鼓且其转速越快,则这种问题的危险就越大。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于:在开头所述类型的用于大型传动的传动齿轮制造方法中,采取相应的措施来延长其使用寿命。
根据本发明,所说的任务是通过以下实现的,即一种传动齿轮的制造方法,所说的传动齿轮包括轴和轮齿,其特征在于:对所说的传动齿轮进行淬火和回火,再将该传动齿轮加热到回火温度并使其离心旋转,让冷却或过冷下来的传动齿轮离心旋转以及将轮齿磨削至最终尺寸。
此外,本发明的优点在于:通过在回火温度上进行离心旋转而在断裂危险区域内形成了压缩预应力,这种压缩预应力阻止了传动齿轮随后在工作中发生断裂。通过两个离心旋转步骤可以将有缺陷的传动齿轮挑选出来,这就大大提高了最终产品的可靠性。传动齿轮有缺陷的情况下,在初加工状态而不是在最终加工状态下实施离心过程防止了价值损失。由于避免了对有缺陷的传动齿轮进行磨削,因此大大提高了制造传动齿轮的经济性。
本发明的其它优选方案在于:
在淬火和回火之后并且在再次将该传动齿轮加热到回火温度并使其离心旋转之前,对端面变硬的表面进行清理;
传动齿轮的离心旋转转速要高于所说的传动齿轮的工作转速;
传动齿轮的离心旋转转速是所说的传动齿轮工作转速的130%到160%。
在附图中示意描述了本发明的一个实施例。
附图说明
其中:
图1是一个传动齿轮的局部纵断面图;
图2是图1传动齿轮沿II-II线的局部横断面图。
优选实施例说明
为了理解本发明,只显示了主要的元件。
在图1和图2中画出了传动齿轮1,该传动齿轮主要由轴2、传动齿轮主体4和一些轮齿3组成,在此,所说的轴、传动齿轮主体和轮齿可以是一个整体。传动齿轮1绕旋转轴线8旋转。为了传递动力,传动齿轮1的轮齿3起码要进入另一个未示出的传动齿轮的轮齿中。
对传动齿轮1进行锻造并将其加工至预定尺寸且对其材料缺陷进行检查。接着,进行表面淬火和回火。此后,最好对传动齿轮1的端面5进行清理并进行初加工。然后,将传动齿轮1加热到回火温度。把被保持在回火温度下的传动齿轮放入一个防爆式离心孔中且最好是悬挂在一个垂直轴上,从而让传动齿轮1能够绕其旋转轴线8旋转。例如对传动齿轮的测试而言,这类防爆式离心孔是众所周知的。然后,让被保持在回火温度下的传动齿轮离心旋转,其转速要高于所说的传动齿轮的工作转速且其转速最好大约是所说的传动齿轮的工作转速的130%到160%。
所说的离心过程产生了一种与淬火过程所产生的三维拉应力状态叠加的均匀应力分布。于是,受益于温度水平被提高到回火温度下地在可能的内部的材料缺陷(不致密)处出现了蠕变过程。这在工作中有出现断裂危险的区域内就形成了压缩预应力。借此通过传动齿轮1的工作周期完全阻止了此后的由材料缺陷引发的断裂。
接下来,在相同支配状态下对相同的安装位置上对冷却或过冷至如-50℃的齿轮实施控制离心旋转。在低温情况下,材料韧性非常小,以致能够通过上述过程可靠地检查出传动齿轮1是否有缺陷,因为有缺陷的传动齿轮在离心旋转过程中会发生爆裂。在离心过程后,在冷却状态下通过磨削将传动齿轮1加工至最终尺寸。
实施这两个步骤不仅提高了产量而且也提高了最终产品的可靠性。在齿轮存在故障的情况下,所实施的加工步骤是在初加工状态而不是在最终加工状态下进行的,因此避免了价值损失。
当然,本发明不局限于所示出的和所描述的实施例。
参考符号表
1传动齿轮
2轴
3轮齿
4传动齿轮主体
5端面
8旋转轴线

Claims (4)

1.一种传动齿轮(1)的制造方法,所说的传动齿轮包括轴(2)和轮齿(3),其特征在于:
对所说的传动齿轮(1)进行淬火和回火;
再次将传动齿轮(1)加热到回火温度并使其离心旋转;
此后让冷却或过冷后的传动齿轮(1)离心旋转;以及
将轮齿(3)磨削至最终尺寸。
2.根据权利要求1的传动齿轮(1)的制造方法,其特征在于:在淬火和回火之后并且在再次将该传动齿轮(1)加热到回火温度并使其离心旋转之前,对端面(5)变硬的表面进行清理。
3.根据前述权利要求之一的传动齿轮(1)的制造方法,其特征在于:传动齿轮(1)的离心旋转转速要高于所说的传动齿轮的工作转速。
4.根据权利要求3的传动齿轮(1)的制造方法,其特征在于:传动齿轮(1)的离心旋转转速是所说的传动齿轮工作转速的130%到160%。
CN98120262A 1997-09-04 1998-09-04 一种传动齿轮的制造方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1096913C (zh)

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DE19738487.0 1997-09-04
DE19738487A DE19738487A1 (de) 1997-09-04 1997-09-04 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Getrieberades

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CN1096913C true CN1096913C (zh) 2002-12-25

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2423131A1 (en) * 2000-09-25 2003-03-21 Gearcon Gmbh Method for providing assemblies with gearings and profiles
US20040123461A1 (en) * 2002-12-31 2004-07-01 Chih-Ching Hsien Method for making a gear with 90-180 teeth
CN100391688C (zh) * 2006-03-15 2008-06-04 中国第一汽车集团公司无锡柴油机厂 一种用于柴油机上的奥贝球铁齿轮的制造工艺
CN104690519B (zh) * 2013-12-10 2018-03-13 全球传动科技股份有限公司 螺杆的制造方法
CN105730795A (zh) * 2014-09-21 2016-07-06 金方明 一种包装机转轴连接销及其热处理工艺
CN104476148A (zh) * 2014-10-31 2015-04-01 柳州市同进汽车零部件制造有限公司 起动机单向器齿轮的加工方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2362977C2 (de) * 1972-12-20 1982-08-26 Lear Siegler, Inc., Santa Monica, Calif. Verfahren zur Herstellung gehärteter Zahnräder
US5656106A (en) * 1992-01-31 1997-08-12 The Penn State Research Foundation Apparatus and method for net shape finishing of gears

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1003779B (de) * 1954-07-03 1957-03-07 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Hochfeste Zahnraeder und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2362977C2 (de) * 1972-12-20 1982-08-26 Lear Siegler, Inc., Santa Monica, Calif. Verfahren zur Herstellung gehärteter Zahnräder
US5656106A (en) * 1992-01-31 1997-08-12 The Penn State Research Foundation Apparatus and method for net shape finishing of gears

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EP0900852A3 (de) 2003-01-22
US6129794A (en) 2000-10-10
DE19738487A1 (de) 1999-03-11
JPH11165221A (ja) 1999-06-22
EP0900852A2 (de) 1999-03-10
EP0900852B1 (de) 2004-05-19
CN1210052A (zh) 1999-03-10
DE59811415D1 (de) 2004-06-24

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