CN109689678B - 用于脂联素受体的激动剂肽 - Google Patents
用于脂联素受体的激动剂肽 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109689678B CN109689678B CN201780055746.4A CN201780055746A CN109689678B CN 109689678 B CN109689678 B CN 109689678B CN 201780055746 A CN201780055746 A CN 201780055746A CN 109689678 B CN109689678 B CN 109689678B
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Abstract
在本发明一实施例中,提供脂联素受体中激动剂肽和脂联素受体之间的亲和度增加,从而能够有效激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)磷酸化的用于脂联素受体的激动剂肽。并且,在本发明一实施例中,提供使2型糖尿病治疗剂具有的副作用最小化,同时功效优于现有治疗剂的治疗剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明全面涉及药学、细胞生物学和分子生物学的领域,更详细地涉及对用于治疗2型糖尿病的脂联素受体起作用的激动剂肽。
背景技术
糖尿病是一种具有高血糖症(hyperglycemia)症状的严重的代谢性疾病,由胰岛素分泌问题引起,例如由于遗传、环境原因引起的胰岛素分泌和抵抗性降低,或者胰岛素功能异常,血液中的葡萄糖不能转移或储存到细胞中而在血液中过度增加,使得血糖的数值远高于正常人。糖尿病大致分别1型糖尿病(Type 1Diabetes:T1)、2型糖尿病(Type2Diabetes)、妊娠糖尿病(Gestational Diabete)。
尤其,与本发明相关的2型糖尿病占韩国糖尿病患者中的大多数,与主要发生在儿童中的1型糖尿病不同,主要发生在成人中,是由体内分泌的胰岛素量不足以能够起到适当功能,或者由不响应胰岛素的细胞的胰岛素抵抗性引起的。
可通过减肥、健康饮食、充分的运动、持续的血糖检查来调节糖尿病症状,但是,由于该疾病是一种进行性疾病,最初可用药物来调节,但症状逐渐地恶化,最终需要施用胰岛素注射。在已知超重和肥胖的人的情况下,由于从体内分泌的化学物质使心血管或代谢系统不稳定,相对于正常体重的人患2型糖尿病的风险更高。患2型糖尿病的风险随年龄增长而增加,但这可归因于体重增加和物理运动量减少。
现有糖尿病治疗剂可分为胰岛素制剂、砜尿素系列药物、噻唑烷二酮(TZD)系列药物、双胍类系列药物、α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-Glucosidase)抑制剂、格列奈类、肠降血糖素类似物(Incretin mimetics)、二肽基肽酶4(DPP-IV)抑制剂等。诊断为糖尿病后,在运动或饮食疗法失败的情况下,糖尿病的治疗一般参照美国糖尿病协会(ADA:American DiabetesAssociation)的方针使用抗糖尿病治疗剂的单独或联用给药疗法,第一次选择的药剂是双胍(biguanide)类的二甲双胍(metformin),第二次、第三次药剂是磺脲(sulfonylurea)类、格列奈(glinide)类、噻唑烷二酮(thiazolidinedione)及二肽基肽酶4抑制剂(DPP4inhibitors)等,之后使用胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon like peptide-1,GLP-1)激动剂(agonist)注射剂或胰岛素(insulin)注射剂。
自1957年以来,属于双胍(Biguanides)的苯乙双胍(phenfomin)和二甲双胍(metformin)被用作糖尿病治疗剂。但是,由于苯乙双胍具有乳酸酸中毒的副作用,而在许多国家已被禁用,二甲双胍作为2型糖尿病治疗剂,在当今世界上使用最广泛。二甲双胍降低血糖值,但不会引起低血糖或促进胰岛素分泌。而且,二甲双胍对体重没有影响,或者具有轻微的减肥效果,并且对血浆脂质具有良好的效果。二甲双胍疗法的主要副作用出现在消化道上。每日服用2550mg的二甲双胍的患者会经历腹部不适、腹部膨胀和金属食欲等。
作为高血脂症治疗剂,衍生自具有轻微的降血糖作用的安妥明(clofibrate)的噻唑烷二酮(TZDs)系列药物作为糖尿病治疗剂具有降血糖作用和轻微的高血脂症治疗效果。噻唑烷二酮降低胰岛素抵抗性,增加由胰岛素引起的血糖消耗,并通过肌肉和脂肪中的血糖利用率增加和肝中的血糖生成抑制来调节血糖值。噻唑烷二酮是过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)的配体(ligand),过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ是一种调节参与脂肪细胞的分化和脂蛋白代谢的多个基因,若噻唑烷二酮激活过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ,则脂肪细胞发生分化,脂肪细胞中的血糖利用和胰岛素抵抗性得到改善。已知,由于过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ在肌肉细胞中以非常少的量表达并且不在肝细胞中表达,所以噻唑烷二酮改善肌肉中的胰岛素抵抗性是通过脂肪细胞中的作用的间接效果。噻唑烷二酮系列药物的主要副作用是体重增加和水肿等。
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂(AGIs)是被吸收后在体内不起作用的药物,并且不是改善2型糖尿病的病理学缺陷的药物。α-葡萄糖苷酶存在于小肠的刷状缘(brush border),是将淀粉、糊精(dextrins)、麦芽糖(maltose)等碳水化合物分解成可吸收的单糖类时所需的酶。这种酶的抑制剂不会阻止已消化的碳水化合物的吸收,而通过延迟来防止餐后的血糖和胰岛素浓度急剧上升。在2型糖尿病患者中,不会分泌或逐渐分泌对应于摄入食物后所上升的血糖的适当量的胰岛素。若延迟小肠中的糖的吸收,则能够使胰腺分泌适当量的胰岛素,从而防止餐后血糖值急剧上升。餐后血糖值急剧上升与心血管类死亡率密切相关。α-葡萄糖苷酶(AGIs)的副作用出现在消化系统中,如腹痛、屁、腹泻等。这些副作用是起因于未吸收的碳水化合物通过大肠引起的基于渗透压的液体回缩(fluid retraction),屁是由于GI菌群(GI flora)代谢碳水化合物而生成的气态产物。
目前,在使用于临床的现有口服用糖尿病治疗剂的情况下,除了持续保持血糖正常化的积极作用之外,当长期服用时,不仅诱发低血糖、腹泻、腹部膨胀感、体重增加、血中乳酸、心脏毒性、肝毒性等多种副作用,最终,起到胰岛素分泌功能的胰腺的β细胞被不可逆地损伤或破坏并产生胰岛素抵抗性,因此药物无效且成为需要注射胰岛素的状态。并且,在作为糖尿病治疗剂使用最多的胰岛素的情况下,也需要每天皮下注射2~3次,因此对注射的不便或反感很大,这也具有诱发低血糖的可能性非常大的问题。因此,有必要开发一种更有效、更安全的药物,即使长期服用也具有β细胞保护功能,并有效降低血糖数值而不诱发低血糖,同时可彻底解决体重增加及胰岛素抵抗性,并且,为了方便患者,迫切需要开发一种持久型糖尿病治疗剂。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,通过提供以脂联素受体分析为基础设计的激动剂肽,来提供使糖尿病,尤其2型糖尿病治疗剂具有的副作用最小化,同时功效优于现有治疗剂的治疗剂。
本发明所要解决的技术问题并不限定于以上所提及的技术问题,本发明所属领域的技术人员可通过以下记载明确地理解未提及的或其他技术问题。
解决问题的方案
为了实现上述技术问题,在本发明一实施方式的肽包含序列l(Xaal-Tyr-Phe-Ala-Tyr-His-Pro-Asn-Ile-Pro-Gly-Leu-Xaa2-Tyr-Phe),在上述氨基酸序列中,上述Xaal为选自由酪氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸及具有与它们相同特性的非天然氨基酸组成的组中的一种,上述Xaa2可以为选自由酪氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸及具有与它们相同特性的非天然氨基酸组成的组中的一种。
上述肽在上述氨基酸序列的N末端还结合有X-L1的氨基酸序列,上述X为选自由1个至10个氨基酸;具有1kDa至200kDa重量的线型形态或具有分支形态的聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol);亲脂性化合物;以及肽转导结构域(peptide transductiondomain)组成的组中的一种,上述L1可以为用于连接上述序列1的N末端和上述X的单键或者起到连接环作用的化合物。
上述肽在上述氨基酸序列的C末端还包含L2-Z的氨基酸序列,上述Z为选自由1个至10个氨基酸;具有1kDa至200kDa重量的线型形态或具有分支形态的聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol);亲脂性化合物;以及肽转导结构域(peptide transductiondomain)组成的组中的一种,上述L2可以为用于连接上述序列1的C末端和上述Z的单键或者起到连接环作用的化合物。
上述肽可以为脂联素受体的激动剂。
上述肽与脂联素受体1的解离常数可以为2μM至16μM。
上述肽需要对腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)进行磷酸化时需要0.8μM至4μM。
上述肽可以为选自由Tyr-Tyr-Phe-Ala-Tyr-His-Pro-Asn-Ile-Pro-Gly-Leu-Tyr-Tyr-Phe(序列2);Trp-Tyr-Phe-Ala-Tyr-His-Pro-Asn-Ile-Pro-Gly-Leu-Trp-Tyr-Phe(序列3);及Phe-Tyr-Phe-Ala-Tyr-His-Pro-Asn-Ile-Pro-Gly-Leu-Phe-Tyr-Phe(序列4)组成的组中的一种。
本发明再一实施方式的组合物可包含用于编码上述肽的多核苷酸。
本发明另一实施方式的治疗用药学组合物以上述肽作为有效成分,可用于预防或治疗2型糖尿病。
发明的效果
在本发明一实施例中,相对于参考(Reference)肽ADP355,用于脂联素受体的激动剂肽对ADIPOR1的亲和度更佳。在本发明另一实施例中,相对于参考肽ADP355,用于脂联素受体的激动剂肽可更加有效地激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)磷酸化。
本发明的效果并不限定于上述效果,应理解为,包括从本发明的详细说明或发明要求保护范围中所记载的发明的结构可推理的所有效果。
附图说明
图1为示出通过对脂联素受体ADIPOR1的合成肽(3轮为3个肽,4轮为4个肽)的表面等离子体共振(Surface Plasmon Resonance)实验的解离常数值。
图2为示出通过表面等离子体共振(Surface Plasmon Resonance)实验的3轮多个肽的解离常数值的曲线图。
图3为示出通过表面等离子体共振(Surface Plasmon Resonance)实验的4轮多个肽的解离常数值的曲线图。
图4为用于测定3-1肽、4-3肽及4-4肽的腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)磷酸化活性度的HepG2细胞系中蛋白质印迹的实验结果。
图5为用于测定3-1肽、4-3肽及4-4肽的腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)磷酸化活性度的C2C12细胞系中蛋白质印迹的实验结果。
图6为示出以Hiroaki Tanabe集团发表的ADIPOR1的X射线(X-ray)结构分析结果为基础利用分子模拟的脂联素的预期结合位点及结合模型。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明实施例进行详细说明,以便于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员实施。但是,本发明可以以各种不同形态来实现,并不限定于在此说明的实施例。
实施例1:ADIPOR1重组蛋白合成及分离纯化
ADIPOR1蛋白序列使用与ADIPOR1结构分析中所使用的相同的N-末端(N-terminal)去除88个氨基酸的序列,通过密码子优化(codon optimization)过程合成可制备该蛋白序列的基因(IDT)。此时,为了良好的克隆(cloning)和表达的蛋白质纯化,在5’端(end)插入BamHI限制酶位点和标记标签(Flag tag)和TEV蛋白酶识别(TEV proteaserecognistion)序列(ENLYFQG),3’端插入EcoRI限制酶位点。将获得的基因放入杆状病毒(baculovirus)制作中所需的pFASTbacl载体(pFASTbacl vector)来进行克隆。将克隆的载体注入DH10bac(英杰(Invitrogen))并通过重组(recombination)来获得包含ADIPOR1基因的杆粒(Bacmid)。为了制作杆状病毒,利用转染(Transfectine)(凯杰(Qiagen))将获得的杆粒转染到SF9细胞(cells)(5×104细胞)中,5天后获得分泌到培养基的杆状病毒。然后,通过扩增(amplication)过程制作了大量的杆状病毒。将获得的杆状病毒培养于1L的SFM900培养基的SF9细胞(5×106细胞/ml)加入来进行感染,并在27℃的温度下使蛋白质表达3天。表达重组ADIPOR1的SF9细胞通过离心机获得,将获得的细胞颗粒(pellet)以等份(aliquote)保管在-80℃的温度下,根据需要新鲜地使用于蛋白质纯化,使纯化后根据保管具有蛋白质灭活性可能性的膜蛋白的缺点最小化。为了纯化表达在细胞膜的作为膜蛋白的ADIPOR1,利用洗涤剂(detergent)(1%的DDM)来溶解,并将溶解的样品与抗标记抗体珠(anti-Flag antibody bead)(西格玛(Sigma))在冰(Ice)下反应1小时。然后,利用标记肽(flag peptide)洗脱(elution)结合在抗标记抗体珠的ADIPOR1。像这样,将第一次纯化的ADIPOR1通过尺寸排阻色谱(size exclusion chromatography)(Supderdex200,GEhealthcare)来仅获得单体(monomeric)蛋白质。利用该尺寸排阻色谱的纯化中使用了0.1%的DDM、0.005%的CHS、20mM的HEPES、150mM的NaCl缓冲剂。
实施例2:保留细胞
C2C12及HepG2细胞购自ATCC,DMEM(Hyclone)培养基中加入10%的胎牛血清(FBS)(Hyclone)和1%的青霉素/链霉素,在37℃、5%的CO2环境的恒温箱中培养使用。
实施例3:C2C12肌管(myotube)分化
将C2C12细胞接种于12孔(well)后,具有80%以上的融合(confluency)时,利用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)清洗一次,然后用DMEM中加入2.5%的马血清(Horse serum)及1%的青霉素/链霉素的分化培养基替换,之后,每天用新的分化培养基替换培养基,分化5~7天后使用于实验。
实施例4:化合物处理、采样(Sampling)及免疫印迹(Immunoblot)
根据已有报告,在脂联素(Adiponectin)和Adiporon的情况下,处理于已分化的C2C12中5~15分钟时,在ADP355的情况下,在各种癌细胞系(cancer cell line)中进行饥饿(starvation)24小时后恢复(recovery)1小时后处理15分钟、30分钟、45分钟、60分钟时,在30分钟其效果具有最大值,以如上所述的现有研究为基础,优化使用于实验的细胞数后,在HepG2的情况下,饥饿恢复5小时后对肽处理30分钟,C2C12是饥饿24小时后对肽处理10分钟。将处理结束后的细胞样品利用凉的磷酸盐缓冲液清洗一次后,加入已加入蛋白酶抑制剂(protease inhibitor)和磷酸酶抑制剂(phosphatase inhibitor)的RiPA缓冲液(RiPAbuffer)裂解(lysis)15分钟。15分钟后,在14000rpm下离心5分钟仅收集蛋白质,定量后加入4x样品缓冲液(Sample Buffer)及2-ME,来制备了蛋白质印迹用样品。蛋白质印迹使用了常规的蛋白质印迹实验技法,根据种类将腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(p-AMPK)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-AKT)、磷酸化乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(p-ACC)、磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)的抗体稀释成1:1000或1:2000,使用LAS-4000设备进行图像化。
实验例1:利用表面等离子体共振的肽检测及结合力测定
为了分析肽和ADIPOR1之间的结合力,通过胺偶联(Amine coupling)将纯化的重组ADIPOR1(Δ88)附着到CM5芯片(chip)3000RU以上。利用电泳缓冲液(running buffer)(0.1%的DDM、0.005%的CHS、10mM的HEPES、150mM的NaCl pH 7.4)来稀释肽并以各种浓度注入表面等离子体共振设备,由此分析结合力。此时,利用亲和度拟合(affinity fitting)或动力学拟合(kinetics fitting)方法计算亲和度(affinity)值。为了肽的溶解度分析,用DMSO制备肽原液(peptide stock)后,稀释于适当的缓冲液,并去除不溶的沉淀物,通过测定各个肽的消光系数(extiction coefficient)值和A280吸光度值来计算多个肽的浓度。
确认通过共4轮合成的肽的亲和度,尤其3轮和4轮的肽的亲和度分别如图2及图3所示。
图2的的详细图如下。
3-1肽:青色(cyan):100uM,粉色(pink):25uM,蓝色(blue):10uM,绿色(green):5uM,橘色(orange):2.5uM
剩余肽:黄色(yellow):50uM,:25uM,粉色:10uM,蓝色:2.5uM,绿色:luM,红色(red):0.5uM
在图2中,相对于如3-1的Kd值(~16uM)设计的其他肽,3-1具有更高的亲和度。
图3的详细图如下。
黄色:50uM,青色:25uM,粉色:12.5uM,蓝色:6.25uM,绿色:3.12uM,橘色:1.56uM
在图3中,4-3、4-4位肽分别测出6~10uM和2~4.3uM的Kd值。
实验例2:HepG2细胞系中的药效评价
在实验前一天,将HepG2细胞系以8×105细胞/孔的浓度接种于12孔板(wellplate)后,培养过夜,然后,当天用无血清培养基(serum free media)饥饿5小时后,以20uM、4uM、0.8uM的浓度同时处理0.4%的DMSO(模拟(MOCK))、10ug/ml的脂联素和参考肽ADP355、3-1肽、4-3肽、4-4肽30分钟后,利用RIPA缓冲液(RIPA buffer)进行裂解(lysis),并制备样品,在95℃的温度下煮沸10分钟后,装入(loading)12ug来进行蛋白质印迹。
如上所述的蛋白质印迹的结果如图4所示,各个详细图如下。
A.按参考肽ADP355、3-1肽、4-3肽、4-4肽的浓度的蛋白质印迹结果
B.对于参考肽ADP355、3-1肽、4-3肽、4-4肽的磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(pAMPK)的相对浓度
C.对于参考肽ADP355、3-1肽、4-3肽、4-4肽的磷酸化乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(pACC)的相对浓度
图4为示出HepG2细胞系中参考肽ADP355、3-1肽、4-3肽、4-4肽的腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)磷酸化活度。
实验例3:C2C12肌管(myotube)分化及C2C12细胞系中的药效评价
将C2C12细胞接种于12孔后,具有80%以上的融合(confluency)时,用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)清洗一次,然后用DMEM中加入2.5%的马血清及1%的青霉素/链霉素的分化培养基替换,之后,每天用新的分化培养基替换培养基,分化5~7天后使用于实验。
将8×105个C2C12细胞系接种于12孔板,以如上所述的方法用肌管诱导分化后,以20uM、4uM、0.8uM的浓度处理0.4%的DMSO(MOCK)、10ug的脂联素及参考肽ADP355、3-1肽、4-3肽、4-4肽后,以与HepG2细胞系相同的方法进行蛋白质印迹。
如上所述的蛋白质印迹的结果如图5所示,各个详细图如下。
A.按参考肽ADP355、3-1肽、4-3肽、4-4肽的浓度的蛋白质印迹结果
B.对于参考肽ADP355、3-1肽、4-3肽、4-4肽的磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(pAMPK)的想多浓度
C.对于参考肽ADP355、3-1肽、4-3肽、4-4肽的磷酸化乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(pACC)的相对浓度
图5示出C2C12细胞系中参考肽ADP355、3-1肽、4-3肽、4-4肽的腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)磷酸化活度。
前述的本发明的说明用于例示,本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解,在不变更本发明的技术思想或必要特征的情况下,可容易转换成其他具体形态。因此,以上所描述的实施例在所有方面都是例示性的而非限制性的。例如,以单一形式说明的各结构要素可以分散实施,同样,以分散形式说明的结构要素也可以以结合形态实施。
本发明的范围由后述的发明要求保护范围示出,由发明要求保护范围的意义及范围和其等同概念得出的所有变更或变形的形态应被解释成包括在本发明的范围。
实施例
以下,参照附图对本发明进行说明。但是,本发明可由各种不同形态来实现,因此并不限定于在此说明的实施例。而且,为了明确说明本发明,在附图中省略了与说明无关的部分,在说明书全文中,对于类似的部分使用了类似的附图标记。
在说明书全文中,当一部分与另一部分“连接(联接、接触、结合)”时,这不仅包括“直接连接”,而且还包括其中间隔着另一部件“间接连接”的情况。并且,当一部分“包括”另一结构要素时,除非另有说明,否则还具有其他结构要素,而不是排出其他结构要素。
在本说明书中使用的术语仅用于说明特定实施例,并非限定本发明。除非上下文另有明确规定,否则单数表达包括复数表达。应理解的是,在本说明书中“包括”或“具有”等术语是用于指定说明书上记载的特征、数字、步骤、动作、结构要素、部件或它们的组合,而并非预先排除一个或其以上的其他特征或数字、步骤、动作、结构要素、部件或它们的组合或附加可能性。
以下,参照附图详细说明本发明是实施例。
上述脂联素来源于脂肪细胞的多肽,通过与作为脂联素受体的ADIPOR1或2相结合来参与腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)或PPAR-a信号。已知在肥胖的情况下,血中脂联素数值低,已知其通过提高胰岛素抵抗性来诱发2型糖尿病。在脂肪组织中分泌后在其他器官中具有活性的蛋白质被称为脂肪因子或脂肪细胞因子,脂联素就是这种脂肪因子的一种。脂联素通过分泌量减少时脂肪蓄积量增加的固有特性,以及降低血中脂肪酸浓度及肝和肌肉中中性脂肪数值,来增加胰岛素敏感性,减少血管内皮细胞中瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱发单核细胞粘附,并通过抑制血小板来导致抗炎症和抗抗动脉粥样硬化性效果。并且,在肌肉中刺激乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyo AcA-carboxylase,ACC)的磷酸化、脂肪酸消耗、血糖摄入及乳酸(lactate)生成,而在肝中通过减少乙酰辅酶A羧化酶的磷酸化及糖新生过程中包含的多个分子的来起到降低血糖的作用。
上述脂联素以三聚体(trimer)或六聚体(hexamer)形态存在于血液中并循环,尤其,已知上述脂联素的球状结构域(globular domain)为具有ADIPOR1的结合位点的结构域,已知主要结合片段(fragment)为氨基酸153到162(Asn-Ile-Pro-Gly-Leu-Tyr-Tyr-Phe-Ala-Tyr;脂联素活化区域(active region))。
已知上述脂联素受体为ADIPOR1和ADIPOR2两种,是脂联素结合的主要受体。已知具有7-跨膜结构域(7-transmembrane domain)的受体蛋白。尤其,已知ADIPOR1用于激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号。在本发明一实施例中,上述脂联素受体可以为ADIPOR1和ADIPOR2,优选地可以为ADIPOR1。
上述激动剂(agonist)是指与某种生物活性物质的受体结合并具有与该物质的作用相同(或相似)作用的物质或药剂,或者是指提高受体部位的活性的分子。在体内生成的为内源性,在体外给药的为外源性。部分激动剂即使与受体相结合也无法表达100%的药理作用,即使增加用量也不能提高效果。
上述肽是指2个以上的氨基酸通过肽键形成共价键的分子。在本发明一实施例中,上述肽可以为天然肽、重组肽或合成肽。
上述氨基酸是指具有碱性性质的胺基(-NH2)与具有酸性性质的羧基(-COOH)共存并具有特定结构的分子,是蛋白质的组成部分。与一个氨基酸分子相结合的氨基和与另一个氨基酸分子相结合的羧基发生反应时,形成水和由两个氨基酸构成的新的分子。新的分子被称为二肽,反应形成的键被称为肽键。具有胺基的部分被称为N末端,具有羧基的部分为称为C末端。为了形成一个蛋白质,需要形成许多肽键。自然界中有20种氨基酸,其中12个甘氨酸(glycine)、丙氨酸(alanine)、精氨酸(arginine)、天冬酰胺(asparagine)、天冬氨酸(aspartate)、半胱氨酸(cysteine)、谷氨酸(glutamate)、谷氨酰胺(glutamine)、组氨酸(histidine)、脯氨酸(proline)、丝氨酸(serine)、酪氨酸(tyrosine)是以食物为原料,在我们体内合成。剩余8个异亮氨酸(isoleucine)、亮氨酸(leucine)、赖氨酸(lysine)、色氨酸(tryptophan)、缬氨酸(valine)、蛋氨酸(methionine)、苯丙氨酸(phenylalanie)、苏氨酸(threonine)不能合成。
上述非天然氨基酸是指不存在于自然界中的氨基酸,是指通过人来合成或制备的氨基酸。具体地,包括碘化酪氨酸(iodinated tyrosine)、甲基化酪氨酸(methylatedtyrosine)、糖化丝氨酸(glycosylated serine)、糖化苏氨酸(glycosylated threonine)、氮杂环丁烷-2-羧酸(azetidine-2-carboxylic acid)、3,4-脱氢脯氨酸(3,4-dehydroproline)、噻吩脯氨酸(perthiaproline)、刀豆氨酸(canavanine)、乙硫氨酸(ethionine)、正亮氨酸(norleucine)、硒代蛋氨酸(selenomethionine)、氨基己酸(animohexanoic acid)、碲代蛋氨酸(telluromethionine)、高烯丙基甘氨酸(homoallylglycine)及高炔丙基甘氨酸(homopropargylglycine),D-氨基酸也包含在非天然氨基酸。
将具有与上述相同特性的称为非天然氨基酸,是指与天然氨基酸在物理、化学或功能上具有类似的特征的非天然氨基酸,当代替天然氨基酸时,具有与天然氨基酸具有的效果类似或相同的效果。在本发明一实施例中,与酪氨酸、色氨酸及苯丙氨酸相同的特性可以是具有芳香(芳香族)特性的氨基酸。芳香族氨基酸是指氨基酸侧链上具有芳环(苯环及其衍生物)的氨基酸。因此,可以是与芳香族氨基酸具有相同或类似的特性的非天然氨基酸。
上述聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)是指环氧乙烷(ethylene oxide)的聚合物。在本发明一实施例中,上述聚乙二醇可以为甲氧基PEG马来酰亚胺(methoxyl PEGmaleimide(mPEG(MAL)))、甲氧基PEG叉形马来酰亚胺(methoxyl PEG forked maleimide(mPEG2(MAL)))、甲氧基PEG邻-吡啶基二硫化物(methoxyl PEG ortho-pyridyldisulfide(mPEG-OPSS))、PEG-乙烯砜(PEG-vinylsulphone)或甲氧基PEG醛(methoxyl PEG aldehyde(mPEG-ALD))及邻吡啶基二硫化物-PEG酰肼(ortho-pyridyldisulfide-PEG-hydrazide(OPSS-PEG-hy-drazide))的组合物。在本发明另一实施例中,上述聚乙二醇可选自由5k-mPEG(MAL)、20k-mPEG(MAL)、40k-mPEG2(MAL)、5k-mPEG-0PSS、lOk-mPEG-OPSS、20k-mPEG-OPSS或mPEG30kD-ALD及OPSS-PEG2k-hydrazide的组合物组成的组中。
上述亲脂性化合物是指存在于自然界中的化合物,具体有饱和或不饱和脂肪酸、脂肪酸二酮(fatty acid diketone)、萜烯(terpene)、前列腺素(prostaglandin)、维生素、类胡萝卜素(carotenoid)、类固醇(steroid)或合成化合物,具体地,可以为碳酸(carbonacid)、醇、胺(amine)、一个以上的烷基(alkyl)、烯丙基(aryl)、炔基(alkenyl)或具有其他各种不饱和化合物的磺酸。
上述肽转导结构域(peptide transduction domain)是指能够渗透进入细胞膜蛋白的蛋白质,可赋予通过与其他化合物结合来生成的复合物能够进入细胞膜的能力。在本发明的一实施例中,上述肽转导结构域可以为公知的具有膜渗透特性的蛋白质。
上述单键或起到连接环作用的化合物,即,上述L1或L2为通过位于上述X或上述Z与上述激动剂肽的氨基酸序列的N或C末端之间来增加上述激动剂肽的稳定性的化合物,具体地,至少可以为2个官能团。优选地,上述L1或L2可以为2个以及多个官能团,例如烷基、烯丙基、芳烷基(arakyl-)或肽官能团。
对于本领域的技术人员而言,若上述X不进入上述激动剂肽,则L1也不会进入是显而易见的。
并且,对于本领域的技术人员而言,若上述Z不进入上述激动剂肽,则L2也不会进入是显而易见的。
在本发明一实施例中,用于上述脂联素受体的激动剂肽以脂联素受体X射线结构分析结果为基础,可通过分子模拟技法建立预测的结合模型来设计。其中,分子模拟技法是指通过使用被称为分子力学(Molecular Mechanics)的经验力场(empirical forcefield)来求出多个分子的三维结构,由此计算该分子的物理、化学性质,并通过计算机图形来形状化的技法。以获得与实际分子最接近的三维分子结构为目标,通过各种可行性方法(量子力学计算或X射线数据库(X-ray Database)检索等)来获得最佳的结构后,通过使用该结构来计算感兴趣的各种物理、化学性质,并基于此起到可设计(Design)新分子的作用。分子模拟相关软件有Discovery Studio 4.1(Biovia公司)和Maestro(Schrodinger公司)等。
具体而言,可通过去除在在ADIPOR1的X射线结构中具有高柔性(flexibility)且对脂联素的结合以及基于此的活性化影响不大的ADIPOR1的364位之后的氨基酸来建立结合模型(参照图6)。建立的结合模型上脂联素的Tyrl58和Phel60可位于ADIP0R1的疏水袋(hydrophobic pocket)来结合。其中,疏水袋是脂联素受体中结合配体蛋白质的部位之一,是配体的氨基酸可疏水结合(hydrophobic binding)在脂联素受体的部位。
参照图6,图6-A可确认脂联素结合袋(pocket),如图6-C及图6-D实施,可建立对于各个袋的脂联素活化区域(图6-B)的结合模型。而且,如预期结合-1(Predicted binding-1)位点结合模型(图6-C)中可确认,脂联素的酪氨酸(Y)和苯丙氨酸(F)部分可进入疏水袋(蓝色袋),各个酰胺键骨架(amide bond backbone)和ADIPOR1之间的氢键可用红色虚线表示。可确认对于预期结合-2(Predicted binding-2)的结合模型也类似于酪氨酸(Y)和苯丙氨酸(F)部分进入疏水袋,并进行额外的氢键。
基于所建立的上述结合模型,可设计用于上述脂联素受体的激动剂肽,并且可利用已知用于脂联素受体的激动剂肽。在本发明一实施例中,可利用作为ADIPOR1的激动剂肽的脂联素的活化区域、ADP355(H-DAsn-Ile-Pro-Nva-Leu-Tyr-DSer-Phe-Ala-DSer-NH2)及ADP399(H-DAsn-Ile-Pro-Nva-Leu-Tyr-DSer-Phe-Ala-DSer-His-Pro)2-Dab-NH2)。
上述解离常数是指未解离的分子和通过解离生成的原子或原子团之间成立质量作用定律时,将其平衡常数称为解离常数。上述解离常数用于测定受体与各配体之间的结合力或亲和度(affinity)。上述解离常数可用于测定本发明的用于脂联素受体的激动剂肽和上述脂联素受体之间的亲和度。
参照图3及图4,在本发明中,为了测定上述激动剂肽和上述脂联素受体,尤其脂联素受体l(ADIPORl)之间的解离常数,进行了表面等离子体共振。首先,固定作为表达纯化的脂联素受体的ADIPOR1,在总共4轮中测定与候选肽的解离常数。在图3中示出测定3轮中对于候选肽的解离常数的结果,尤其,具有序列2的氨基酸序列的3-1肽的解离常数为16uM以下,相对于已知为在发明人(Laszlo Otvos)组中开发的ADIPOR1的其他激动剂的参考肽ADP355具有的100uM以上的解离常数值,具有更佳的亲和力。并且,在图4中示出测定4轮中对于候选肽的亲和力的结果,具有序列3的氨基酸序列的4-3肽和具有序列4的氨基酸序列的4-4肽分别测出6~10uM和2~4.3uM的解离常数值,这也相对于参考肽ADP355具有的l00uM以上的解离常数值,具有更佳的亲和度。
上述腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase)为丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(serine/threonine kinase),公知为脂质和葡萄糖代谢的调节因子,在糖尿病和肥胖中起到重要的调节作用。腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶被细胞中能量消耗时所增加的腺苷酸活化蛋白(AMP)激活,从而抑制腺苷三磷酸(ATP)使用,并通过诱导异化作用(catabolism)来维持能量平衡(homeostasis)起到核心作用。在脂肪代谢发面,腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶活化是抑制作为用于诱导脂肪酸合成的酶的脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl CoA carboxylase,ACC),并抑制作为胆固醇生物合成的限制酶(rate-limiting enzyme)的羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMG-CoA reductase),因此影响体内脂质生成调节。在葡萄糖的生成过程中起到抑制糖异生(gluconeogenesis)作用,通过增加肌肉细胞的葡萄糖转运体4型(GLUT4)量来增加葡萄糖向肌肉迁移。因此,在糖尿病患者中,若诱导腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶活性化,则获得多种治疗机制。
参照图4,关于对腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶的磷酸化测定,示出作为肝细胞系(hepatocyte cell line)的HepG2细胞系中以具有上述序列2的氨基酸序列的3-1肽、具有上述序列3的氨基酸序列的4-3肽以及具有上述序列4的氨基酸序列的4-4肽为对象进行蛋白质印迹的结果,观察实验的结果,确认上述3-1肽及上述4-3肽从作为最低浓度的的0.8uM开始对腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶进行磷酸化,相对于在20uM中确认少量磷酸化的ADP355,其功效显著高。并且,当观察上述3种肽对作为腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶的子蛋白质的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶的磷酸化起到的作用时,观察到相对于上述参考肽ADP-355,上述3-1及上述4-3肽以相同或进一步磷酸化乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(参照图4-A及图4-C)。
参照图5,关于对腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶的磷酸化测定,示出在C2C12细胞系中以上述3-1肽、上述4-3肽及上述4-4肽为对象进行蛋白质印迹的结果,观察到上述3-1肽在0.8uM的低浓度下也对腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶进行磷酸化,但是,在上述4-3肽及4-4肽、参考肽ADP355的情况下,从4uM开始确认到磷酸化。基于这些结果,上述3-1肽的活性最优秀(参照图5-A及5-B)。并且,作为腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶的子蛋白质的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶的情况下,确认除了上述4-4肽的0.8uM的条件之外的所有条件下,磷酸化都增加(参照图5-A及5-C)。
本发明再一实施方式的上述多核苷酸是指核苷酸通过磷酸和糖之间的共价键与另一核苷酸相结合以链状形成的,脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)或核糖核酸(RNA)为其例示。核苷酸为构成核酸的单体,由磷酸、糖、碱基形成。形成脱氧核糖核酸的基本单体称为脱氧核糖核苷酸,将核糖核酸的单体称为核糖核苷酸。核苷酸的糖是由5个碳构成的单糖类,在2号碳位置具有羟基时称为核糖(ribose),只有氢而没有氧时称为脱氧核糖(deoxyribose)。核糖是核糖核酸的组分,脱氧核糖是脱氧核糖核酸的组分。腺嘌呤(A)、鸟嘌呤(G)、胞嘧啶(C)、胸腺嘧啶(T)构成脱氧核糖核酸的碱基,核糖核酸的碱基中使用尿嘧啶(U)代替胸腺嘧啶。
本发明另一实施方式的上述药学组合物可包含用于脂联素受体的激动剂肽作为有效成分。对于本技术领域的技术人员而言,上述药学组合物中除了上述用于脂联素受体的激动剂肽之外,还可加入药学上可接受的载体或其他添加剂等是显而易见的,因此省略对此的具体说明。
本发明的范围由前述的发明要求保护范围示出,通过发明要求保护范围的意义及范围和等同概念获得的所有变更或变形的形态应被解释为均包括在本发明的范围。
<110> B·B·金
<120> 用于脂联素受体的激动剂肽
<130> P20170050KR
<150> KR 10-2016-0119821
<151> 2016-09-20
<160> 4
<170> KoPatentIn 3.0
<210> 1
<211> 15
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> AGONIST PEPTIDE FOR ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR
<400> 1
Xaa Tyr Phe Ala Tyr His Pro Asn Ile Pro Gly Leu Xaa Tyr Phe
1 5 10 15
<210> 2
<211> 15
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> AGONIST PEPTIDE FOR ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR
<400> 2
Tyr Tyr Phe Ala Tyr His Pro Asn Ile Pro Gly Leu Tyr Tyr Phe
1 5 10 15
<210> 3
<211> 15
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> AGONIST PEPTIDE FOR ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR
<400> 3
Trp Tyr Phe Ala Tyr His Pro Asn Ile Pro Gly Leu Trp Tyr Phe
1 5 10 15
<210> 4
<211> 15
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> AGONIST PEPTIDE FOR ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR
<400> 4
Phe Tyr Phe Ala Tyr His Pro Asn Ile Pro Gly Leu Phe Tyr Phe
1 5 10 15
Claims (3)
1.一种具有脂联素受体激动剂功能的肽,所述肽的序列为选自下述组中的一种:
序列2,Tyr-Tyr-Phe-Ala-Tyr-His-Pro-Asn-Ile-Pro-Gly-Leu-Tyr-Tyr-Phe;
序列3,Trp-Tyr-Phe-Ala-Tyr-His-Pro-Asn-Ile-Pro-Gly-Leu-Trp-Tyr-Phe;以及
序列4,Phe-Tyr-Phe-Ala-Tyr-His-Pro-Asn-Ile-Pro-Gly-Leu-Phe-Tyr-Phe。
2.一种多核苷酸,其特征在于,用于编码权利要求1所述的肽。
3.一种用于预防或治疗2型糖尿病的药学组合物,其包含权利要求1所述的肽作为有效成分。
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