CN109688962B - 对接手术机器人臂与器械 - Google Patents

对接手术机器人臂与器械 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN109688962B
CN109688962B CN201780056182.6A CN201780056182A CN109688962B CN 109688962 B CN109688962 B CN 109688962B CN 201780056182 A CN201780056182 A CN 201780056182A CN 109688962 B CN109688962 B CN 109688962B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
surgical
interface structure
instrument
robotic arm
interface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201780056182.6A
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN109688962A (zh
Inventor
K·马歇尔
N·P·S-L·霍尔成德
T·B·杰克森
J·P·维特勒
M·麦克布赖恩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CMR Surgical Ltd
Original Assignee
CMR Surgical Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CMR Surgical Ltd filed Critical CMR Surgical Ltd
Priority to CN202210852846.2A priority Critical patent/CN115137488A/zh
Priority to CN202210845386.0A priority patent/CN115105214A/zh
Publication of CN109688962A publication Critical patent/CN109688962A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN109688962B publication Critical patent/CN109688962B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/74Manipulators with manual electric input means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/76Manipulators having means for providing feel, e.g. force or tactile feedback
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B46/00Surgical drapes
    • A61B46/10Surgical drapes specially adapted for instruments, e.g. microscopes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00389Button or wheel for performing multiple functions, e.g. rotation of shaft and end effector
    • A61B2017/00393Button or wheel for performing multiple functions, e.g. rotation of shaft and end effector with means for switching between functions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00477Coupling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B17/2909Handles
    • A61B2017/2912Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston
    • A61B2017/2923Toothed members, e.g. rack and pinion
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B2034/302Surgical robots specifically adapted for manipulations within body cavities, e.g. within abdominal or thoracic cavities

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
CN201780056182.6A 2016-09-14 2017-09-14 对接手术机器人臂与器械 Active CN109688962B (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210852846.2A CN115137488A (zh) 2016-09-14 2017-09-14 对接手术机器人臂与器械
CN202210845386.0A CN115105214A (zh) 2016-09-14 2017-09-14 对接手术机器人臂与器械

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1615616.8A GB201615616D0 (en) 2016-09-14 2016-09-14 Interfacing a surgical robotic arm and instrument
GB1615616.8 2016-09-14
GB1709016.8 2017-06-06
GB1709016.8A GB2553879B (en) 2016-09-14 2017-06-06 Interfacing a surgical robotic arm and instrument
PCT/GB2017/052709 WO2018051093A1 (en) 2016-09-14 2017-09-14 Interfacing a surgical robotic arm and instrument

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210852846.2A Division CN115137488A (zh) 2016-09-14 2017-09-14 对接手术机器人臂与器械
CN202210845386.0A Division CN115105214A (zh) 2016-09-14 2017-09-14 对接手术机器人臂与器械

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN109688962A CN109688962A (zh) 2019-04-26
CN109688962B true CN109688962B (zh) 2022-08-05

Family

ID=57234443

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201780056182.6A Active CN109688962B (zh) 2016-09-14 2017-09-14 对接手术机器人臂与器械
CN202210845386.0A Pending CN115105214A (zh) 2016-09-14 2017-09-14 对接手术机器人臂与器械
CN202210852846.2A Pending CN115137488A (zh) 2016-09-14 2017-09-14 对接手术机器人臂与器械

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210845386.0A Pending CN115105214A (zh) 2016-09-14 2017-09-14 对接手术机器人臂与器械
CN202210852846.2A Pending CN115137488A (zh) 2016-09-14 2017-09-14 对接手术机器人臂与器械

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (3) US11547501B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP3512454A1 (enExample)
JP (2) JP7164848B2 (enExample)
CN (3) CN109688962B (enExample)
GB (4) GB201615616D0 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2018051093A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201615616D0 (en) * 2016-09-14 2016-10-26 Cambridge Medical Robotics Ltd Interfacing a surgical robotic arm and instrument
GB2570518B8 (en) * 2018-01-30 2023-05-24 Cmr Surgical Ltd Interfacing a surgical robotic arm and instrument
GB2585727B8 (en) * 2018-01-30 2023-05-24 Cmr Surgical Ltd Interfacing a surgical robotic arm and instrument
GB2570520B8 (en) * 2018-01-30 2023-05-24 Cmr Surgical Ltd Interfacing a surgical robotic arm and instrument
CN112105311A (zh) * 2018-04-06 2020-12-18 项目莫里股份有限公司 用于导管和其它用途的改进的流体驱动器、装置、方法和系统
USD910186S1 (en) 2019-02-28 2021-02-09 Cmr Surgical Limited Structure for interfacing a surgical robotic arm and instrument
KR102269772B1 (ko) * 2019-03-13 2021-06-28 큐렉소 주식회사 수술용 로봇의 엔드이펙터
US11523822B2 (en) * 2019-06-28 2022-12-13 Cilag Gmbh International Battery pack including a circuit interrupter
WO2021124572A1 (ja) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-24 リバーフィールド株式会社 医療用ロボット、術具および装着部
JP6762592B1 (ja) * 2019-12-20 2020-09-30 リバーフィールド株式会社 医療用ロボットおよび医療用ロボットの装着部
WO2021199413A1 (ja) * 2020-04-02 2021-10-07 リバーフィールド株式会社 ベアリング構造、及び、ベアリング構造を備えたドレープユニット
KR102443789B1 (ko) * 2021-12-08 2022-09-19 주식회사 메디인테크 동력수용체에 의해 제어되는 내시경
CN118680606A (zh) * 2023-03-24 2024-09-24 北京术锐机器人股份有限公司 紧凑型弯曲手术工具及手术机器人系统
DE102024103154A1 (de) * 2024-02-05 2025-08-07 Karl Storz Se & Co. Kg Schnittstelle zur Verbindung einer Antriebseinheit mit einem medizinischen Instrument

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102018573A (zh) * 2010-11-04 2011-04-20 燕山大学 微创血管介入手术机器人导管推拉装置
CN102551815A (zh) * 2010-11-09 2012-07-11 Tyco医疗健康集团 用于微创手术的悬吊系统

Family Cites Families (60)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5814038A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-09-29 Sri International Surgical manipulator for a telerobotic system
WO1997000649A1 (en) * 1995-06-20 1997-01-09 Wan Sing Ng Articulated arm for medical procedures
US7699855B2 (en) * 1996-12-12 2010-04-20 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Sterile surgical adaptor
US8206406B2 (en) * 1996-12-12 2012-06-26 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Disposable sterile surgical adaptor
US8182469B2 (en) * 1997-11-21 2012-05-22 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Surgical accessory clamp and method
US7666191B2 (en) * 1996-12-12 2010-02-23 Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Robotic surgical system with sterile surgical adaptor
US7963913B2 (en) * 1996-12-12 2011-06-21 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Instrument interface of a robotic surgical system
US9050119B2 (en) * 2005-12-20 2015-06-09 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Cable tensioning in a robotic surgical system
US8529582B2 (en) * 1996-12-12 2013-09-10 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Instrument interface of a robotic surgical system
US7169141B2 (en) * 1998-02-24 2007-01-30 Hansen Medical, Inc. Surgical instrument
US6620111B2 (en) * 2001-04-20 2003-09-16 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Surgical biopsy device having automatic rotation of the probe for taking multiple samples
US8002713B2 (en) * 2002-03-19 2011-08-23 C. R. Bard, Inc. Biopsy device and insertable biopsy needle module
JP2005523741A (ja) * 2002-04-22 2005-08-11 ザ ジョンズ ホプキンス ユニバーシティ 医用撮像プロセス中に医療器具を挿入する装置
US7331967B2 (en) 2002-09-09 2008-02-19 Hansen Medical, Inc. Surgical instrument coupling mechanism
US7690160B2 (en) * 2004-07-23 2010-04-06 Moller Jr Jorgen J Modular floor tile system with transition edge
US20060074344A1 (en) * 2004-09-29 2006-04-06 Hibner John A Fluid control for biopsy device
US7854707B2 (en) * 2005-08-05 2010-12-21 Devicor Medical Products, Inc. Tissue sample revolver drum biopsy device
US9114252B2 (en) * 2005-12-02 2015-08-25 University Of Rochester Image-guided therapy delivery and diagnostic needle system
EP1815949A1 (en) * 2006-02-03 2007-08-08 The European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), represented by the European Commission Medical robotic system with manipulator arm of the cylindrical coordinate type
US9211160B2 (en) * 2008-01-16 2015-12-15 Luiz Geraldo Pivotto Remotely controlled catheter insertion system with automatic control system
US7886743B2 (en) * 2008-03-31 2011-02-15 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Sterile drape interface for robotic surgical instrument
US9339342B2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2016-05-17 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Instrument interface
US8720448B2 (en) * 2008-11-07 2014-05-13 Hansen Medical, Inc. Sterile interface apparatus
WO2011037394A2 (ko) * 2009-09-23 2011-03-31 주식회사 이턴 멸균 어댑터, 휠의 체결 구조 및 수술용 인스트루먼트의 체결 구조
US20120259325A1 (en) * 2009-10-09 2012-10-11 Houser Kevin L Laparoscopic Instrument with Attachable Energy End Effector
EP2503951B1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2025-01-01 Centre for Surgical Invention & Innovation Automated in-bore mr guided robotic diagnostic and therapeutic system
US8746252B2 (en) * 2010-05-14 2014-06-10 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Surgical system sterile drape
ITFI20110114A1 (it) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-01 Scuola Superiore Di Studi Universit Arie Di Perfe Piattaforma robotica per chirurgia mininvasiva
CN103814302B (zh) * 2011-09-19 2017-01-18 皇家飞利浦有限公司 集成的磁共振成像与介入性线圈装置、方法和系统
US8912746B2 (en) * 2011-10-26 2014-12-16 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Surgical instrument motor pack latch
EP2775896B1 (en) * 2011-11-08 2020-01-01 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Controlled steering functionality for implant-delivery tool
BR112014019193B1 (pt) * 2012-02-02 2021-06-15 Great Belief International Limited Sistema cirúrgico motorizado
US20130218005A1 (en) * 2012-02-08 2013-08-22 University Of Maryland, Baltimore Minimally invasive neurosurgical intracranial robot system and method
EP2841000B1 (de) * 2012-04-27 2019-02-27 KUKA Deutschland GmbH Chirurgierobotersystem
US20130317519A1 (en) * 2012-05-25 2013-11-28 Hansen Medical, Inc. Low friction instrument driver interface for robotic systems
CN108113762B (zh) * 2012-06-27 2024-08-27 曼特瑞斯医药有限责任公司 组织的图像引导治疗
US9198714B2 (en) * 2012-06-29 2015-12-01 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Haptic feedback devices for surgical robot
EP2881067B1 (de) * 2012-07-03 2019-11-20 KUKA Deutschland GmbH Chirurgische Instrumentenanordnung und Antriebsstranganordnung für ein, insbesondere robotergeführtes, chirurgisches Instrument und chirurgisches Instrument
US9839481B2 (en) * 2013-03-07 2017-12-12 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Hybrid manual and robotic interventional instruments and methods of use
US10470762B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2019-11-12 Ethicon Llc Multi-function motor for a surgical instrument
US9498291B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2016-11-22 Hansen Medical, Inc. Touch-free catheter user interface controller
ITMI20130516A1 (it) * 2013-04-05 2014-10-06 Sofar Spa Sistema chirurgico con teli sterili
US8978871B1 (en) * 2013-05-22 2015-03-17 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Conveyor system
WO2014204930A2 (en) * 2013-06-17 2014-12-24 Children's National Medical Center Patient mounted mri and ct compatible robot for needle guidance in interventional procedures
US10512511B2 (en) * 2013-07-24 2019-12-24 Centre For Surgical Invention And Innovation Multi-function mounting interface for an image-guided robotic system and quick release interventional toolset
CN105636543B (zh) * 2013-08-15 2018-07-13 直观外科手术操作公司 器械无菌适配器驱动接口
US9724493B2 (en) * 2013-08-27 2017-08-08 Catheter Precision, Inc. Components and methods for balancing a catheter controller system with a counterweight
CN111166274B (zh) * 2013-10-24 2025-01-28 奥瑞斯健康公司 机器人辅助腔内外科手术系统及相关方法
CN106132342B (zh) * 2014-03-17 2019-09-13 直观外科手术操作公司 将远程操作外科手术器械固定到致动器的闩锁
DE102014117408A1 (de) * 2014-11-27 2016-06-02 avateramedical GmBH Vorrichtung zur robotergestützten Chirurgie
CN107107343B (zh) * 2014-12-11 2020-04-10 提坦医疗公司 用于操纵工具的致动器和驱动器
JP6684289B2 (ja) * 2015-03-10 2020-04-22 コヴィディエン リミテッド パートナーシップ ロボット手術システム、器具駆動ユニット、及び駆動アセンブリ
GB2538326B (en) * 2015-05-07 2019-06-05 Cmr Surgical Ltd A surgical drape for transferring drive
EP3305235A4 (en) * 2015-06-01 2019-01-23 Olympus Corporation MEDICAL MANIPULATOR
US10258419B2 (en) * 2015-09-25 2019-04-16 Ethicon Llc Methods for hybrid robotic laparoscopic surgery
GB201521805D0 (en) 2015-12-10 2016-01-27 Cambridge Medical Robotics Ltd Guiding engagement of a robot arm and surgical instrument
GB201521811D0 (en) * 2015-12-10 2016-01-27 Cambridge Medical Robotics Ltd Drive assembly interface
CN205514900U (zh) * 2016-01-14 2016-08-31 上银科技股份有限公司 手术器械转接装置
GB2597385B (en) * 2016-07-29 2022-06-08 Cmr Surgical Ltd Interface structure
GB201615616D0 (en) * 2016-09-14 2016-10-26 Cambridge Medical Robotics Ltd Interfacing a surgical robotic arm and instrument

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102018573A (zh) * 2010-11-04 2011-04-20 燕山大学 微创血管介入手术机器人导管推拉装置
CN102551815A (zh) * 2010-11-09 2012-07-11 Tyco医疗健康集团 用于微创手术的悬吊系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2018051093A1 (en) 2018-03-22
US11547501B2 (en) 2023-01-10
CN115137488A (zh) 2022-10-04
GB2553879A (en) 2018-03-21
EP3512454A1 (en) 2019-07-24
US20190269471A1 (en) 2019-09-05
JP7164848B2 (ja) 2022-11-02
US20230074346A1 (en) 2023-03-09
GB2601269B (en) 2022-10-12
CN115105214A (zh) 2022-09-27
GB201801210D0 (en) 2018-03-14
JP2022121642A (ja) 2022-08-19
GB2556554A (en) 2018-05-30
GB2556554B8 (en) 2023-11-29
US12193773B2 (en) 2025-01-14
GB201615616D0 (en) 2016-10-26
US12137994B2 (en) 2024-11-12
JP2019529020A (ja) 2019-10-17
CN109688962A (zh) 2019-04-26
GB2556554A8 (en) 2023-11-29
GB202202571D0 (en) 2022-04-13
GB2601269A (en) 2022-05-25
JP7571085B2 (ja) 2024-10-22
US20230072227A1 (en) 2023-03-09
GB2553879B (en) 2022-08-10
GB2556554B (en) 2022-04-06
GB201709016D0 (en) 2017-07-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN109688962B (zh) 对接手术机器人臂与器械
CN111970987B (zh) 将手术机械臂与器械对接
US12349989B2 (en) Interfacing a surgical robotic arm and instrument
CN113229944B (zh) 接合装置、从操作设备及手术机器人
EP4074242A1 (en) Mounting an endoscope to a surgical robot
US11241289B2 (en) Packaging insert

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CB03 Change of inventor or designer information
CB03 Change of inventor or designer information

Inventor after: K. Marshall

Inventor after: N.P.S-L. Holchende

Inventor after: T.B. Jackson

Inventor after: J.P. Witler

Inventor after: D. M. McBrien

Inventor before: K. Marshall

Inventor before: N.P.S-L. Holchende

Inventor before: T.B. Jackson

Inventor before: J.P. Witler

Inventor before: M. McBrian