CN109686805B - 硅基高速高响应pin光电探测器及其制作方法 - Google Patents

硅基高速高响应pin光电探测器及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN109686805B
CN109686805B CN201710978970.2A CN201710978970A CN109686805B CN 109686805 B CN109686805 B CN 109686805B CN 201710978970 A CN201710978970 A CN 201710978970A CN 109686805 B CN109686805 B CN 109686805B
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向勇军
张鎏
黄烈云
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CETC 44 Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器及其制作方法,本发明的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器包括由下至上依次设置的N电极、N+硅外延层衬底、N++硅埋层、I(N)外延层、二氧化硅钝化层和氮化硅保护层,所述I(N)外延层上部设置有保护环掺杂区,所述保护环掺杂区内设置有P型保护环,所述P型保护环内形成P有源区和P+有源区。本发明的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器解决了现有PIN光电探测器具有的光生载流子的扩散时间长,及探测器的响应速度慢的技术问题。本发明的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器的制作方法,采用新结构及工艺制作出了硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,其响应速度快,响应度高,能满足大面积高速高响应探测系统的需求。

Description

硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光电元器件技术领域,尤其涉及一种硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器及其制作方法。
背景技术
光电探测器是一种受光器件,具有光电变换功能。光电探测器种类繁多,有光敏电阻、光电二极管、光电三极管、光控晶体管、集成光电器件等;有雪崩型和非雪崩型;有PN结型、PIN结型及异质结型等结构。由于光电探测器的响应速度快、体积小、暗电流小,使之在光纤通讯系统、光纤测试系统、光纤传感器、光隔离器、快速光源的探测、微弱光信号的探测、激光测距、计算机数据传输、光电自动控制及光测量、现代激光科学研究、核爆模拟、惯性约束核聚变等领域都有广泛的应用。在光通讯系统、核爆模拟、激光测距等应用领域,对光电探测器的响应速度及响应度要求高。现有技术中的PIN光电探测器一般采用N-N+外延结构和P N-结构,其缺点是N+层吸收光产生的光生载流子的扩散时间长,PIN探测器的响应速度慢,不能满足大面积高速高响应探测系统的需求。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的之一是提供一种硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,该硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器解决了现有PIN光电探测器具有的光生载流子的扩散时间长,及探测器的响应速度慢的技术问题。
本发明通过以下技术手段解决上述技术问题:
本发明的一种硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,包括由下至上依次设置的N电极、N+硅外延层衬底、N++硅埋层、I(N-)外延层、二氧化硅钝化层和氮化硅保护层,所述I(N-)外延层上部设置有保护环掺杂区,所述保护环掺杂区内设置有P型保护环,采用离子注入工艺和高温硼扩散工艺相结合在所述P型保护环内形成P-有源区和P+有源区,所述P型保护环正上方刻蚀出有电极孔,所述电极孔内设置有与P型保护环连接的P电极。
进一步地,所述N电极为Cr/Au双层金属膜;所述P电极为Ti/Al双层金属膜。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器的制作方法,通过该制作方法作出了硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,其响应速度快,响应度高,能满足大面积高速高响应探测系统的需求。
本发明通过以下技术手段解决上述技术问题:
本发明的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
1)采用N型硅外延形成N+硅外延层衬底、N++硅埋层和I(N-)外延层。其中,I(N-)外延层的掺杂浓度约为(4~6)x1012/cm3,I(N-)外延层厚度为20±5μm;N+硅外延层衬底的掺杂浓度为(1~2)x1018/cm3,厚度为250±10μm;将I(N-)外延层所在侧的器件端面记为正面,N+硅外延层衬底所在侧的器件端面记为背面;
2)采用高温氧化工艺,在器件正面表面形成二氧化硅钝化层;
3)采用光刻工艺在器件正面光刻出保护环掺杂区,采用湿法腐蚀工艺将保护环掺杂区范围内的二氧化硅钝化层腐蚀掉;
4)采用高温硼扩散工艺,对保护环掺杂区进行高浓度、深结硼掺杂,获得P型保护环;
5)采用光刻工艺在器件正面光刻出有源区,采用湿法腐蚀工艺对有源区范围内的二氧化硅钝化层进行腐蚀;
6)采用离子注入工艺和高温硼扩散工艺相结合,形成P-有源区和P+有源区;
7)采用高温LPCVD工艺,在器件表面淀积氮化硅保护层;
8)采用光刻及湿法腐蚀工艺,在P型保护环正上方刻蚀出电极孔;采用电子束蒸发工艺,在器件正面蒸镀Ti/Al双层金属膜;采用光刻及湿法腐蚀工艺,将电极区域以外的Ti/Al双层金属膜腐蚀掉,形成P电极;
9)对器件背面进行减薄抛光;
10)采用电子束蒸发工艺在器件背面蒸镀Cr/Au双层金属膜,形成N电极。
进一步地,步骤1)中,N++硅埋层的掺杂浓度为(1~2)×1020/cm3,厚度为5μm。
进一步地,步骤6)中,按如下工艺条件进行离子注入和浅结硼掺杂工艺:P+有源区扩散温度为900~1100℃,掺杂浓度为(1~5)×1019/cm3,结深为0.2~0.5μm;P-有源区采用离子注入工艺,注入能量为80KeV,能量为1E12cm-2
进一步地,步骤7)中,高温LPCVD工艺的工艺条件为:淀积温度为780℃,氮化硅保护膜厚度为80±5nm。
进一步地,步骤8)中,Ti/Al双层金属膜中的Ti膜厚度为20~30nm,Al膜厚度为1000~1100nm。
进一步地,步骤10)中,Cr/Au双层金属膜中的Cr膜厚度为10~20nm,Au膜厚度为200~300nm。
本发明的有益效果:
1)本发明的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,其采用在普通的N-N+外延结构中,增加了N++硅埋层,形成N-N++N+结构,减小由于N+层吸收光产生的光生载流子的扩散时间,提高PIN探测器的响应速度;采用P+P-N-结构,代替普通的P N-结构,P+P-区内形成电场,有利于P电极对光生空穴的吸收,能提高器件的响应度。本发明的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器解决了现有PIN光电探测器具有的光生载流子的扩散时间长,及探测器的响应速度慢的技术问题。
2)本发明的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器的制作方法,采用新结构及工艺制作出了硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,其响应速度快,响应度高,能满足大面积高速高响应探测系统的需求。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
图1为硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图对本发明进行详细说明:
实施例1硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器
如图1所示,本实施例中的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,一种硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,其特征在于:包括由下至上依次设置的N电极8、N+硅外延层衬底4、N++硅埋层10、I(N-)外延层1、二氧化硅钝化层5和氮化硅保护层6,所述N电极8为Cr/Au双层金属膜,所述I(N-)外延层1上部设置有保护环掺杂区,所述保护环掺杂区内设置有P型保护环2,采用离子注入工艺和高温硼扩散工艺相结合在所述P型保护环2内形成P-有源区3和P+有源区9,所述P型保护环2正上方刻蚀出有电极孔,所述电极孔内设置有与P型保护环2连接的P电极7,所述P电极7为Ti/Al双层金属膜,上述结构都采用半导体平面加工技术制作。本发明的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,其采用在普通的N-N+外延结构中,增加了N++硅埋层,形成N-N++N+结构,减小由于N+层吸收光产生的光生载流子的扩散时间,提高PIN探测器的响应速度;采用P+P-N-结构,代替普通的P N-结构,P+P-区内形成电场,有利于P电极对光生空穴的吸收,能提高器件的响应度。本发明的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器解决了现有PIN光电探测器具有的光生载流子的扩散时间长,及探测器的响应速度慢的技术问题。
实施例2硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器的制作方法
本实施例中的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,如图1所示,其制作方法,包括以下步骤:
1)采用N型硅外延形成N+硅外延层衬底4、N++硅埋层10和I(N-)外延层1,其中,外延层1的掺杂浓度约为4x1012/cm3,外延层厚度为20±5μm;N+硅外延层衬底4的掺杂浓度约为1018/cm3,厚度约为250±10μm;N++硅埋层10的掺杂浓度约为1020/cm3,厚度约为5μm;将外延层1所在侧的器件端面记为正面,N+硅外延层衬底4所在侧的器件端面记为背面;
2)采用高温氧化工艺,在器件正面表面形成二氧化硅钝化层5;
3)采用光刻工艺在器件正面光刻出保护环掺杂区,采用湿法腐蚀工艺将保护环掺杂区范围内的二氧化硅钝化层腐蚀掉;
4)采用高温硼扩散工艺,对保护环掺杂区进行高浓度、深结硼掺杂,获得P型保护环2;
5)采用光刻工艺在器件正面光刻出有源区,采用湿法腐蚀工艺对有源区范围内的二氧化硅钝化层进行腐蚀;
6)采用离子注入工艺和高温硼扩散工艺相结合,形成P-有源区3和P+有源区9;按如下工艺条件进行离子注入和浅结硼掺杂工艺:P+有源区扩散温度为900℃,掺杂浓度为1×1019/cm3,结深为0.2μm;P-有源区采用离子注入工艺,注入能量为80KeV,能量为1E12cm-2。按前述工艺条件进行硼掺杂,能有效提高PIN器件在650nm波长处的响应度。
7)采用高温LPCVD工艺,在器件表面淀积氮化硅保护层6;高温LPCVD工艺的工艺条件为:淀积温度为780℃,氮化硅保护膜(6)厚度为80±5nm。
8)采用光刻及湿法腐蚀工艺,在P型保护环2正上方刻蚀出电极孔;采用电子束蒸发工艺,在器件正面蒸镀Ti/Al双层金属膜;采用光刻及湿法腐蚀工艺,将电极区域以外的Ti/Al双层金属膜腐蚀掉,形成P电极7;Ti/Al双层金属膜中的Ti膜厚度为20nm,Al膜厚度为1000nm。
9)对器件背面进行减薄抛光;
10)采用电子束蒸发工艺在器件背面蒸镀Cr/Au双层金属膜,形成N电极8。
实施例3硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器的制作方法
本实施例中的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,如图1所示,其制作方法,包括以下步骤:
1)采用N型硅外延形成N+硅外延层衬底4、N++硅埋层10和I(N-)外延层1,其中,外延层1的掺杂浓度为5x1012/cm3,外延层厚度为20±5μm;N+硅外延层衬底4的掺杂浓度为1018/cm3,厚度约为250±10μm;N++硅埋层10的掺杂浓度为1020/cm3,厚度约为5μm;将外延层1所在侧的器件端面记为正面,N+硅外延层衬底4所在侧的器件端面记为背面;
2)采用高温氧化工艺,在器件正面表面形成二氧化硅钝化层5;
3)采用光刻工艺在器件正面光刻出保护环掺杂区,采用湿法腐蚀工艺将保护环掺杂区范围内的二氧化硅钝化层腐蚀掉;
4)采用高温硼扩散工艺,对保护环掺杂区进行高浓度、深结硼掺杂,获得P型保护环2;
5)采用光刻工艺在器件正面光刻出有源区,采用湿法腐蚀工艺对有源区范围内的二氧化硅钝化层进行腐蚀;
6)采用离子注入工艺和高温硼扩散工艺相结合,形成P-有源区3和P+有源区9;按如下工艺条件进行离子注入和浅结硼掺杂工艺:P+有源区扩散温度为1100℃,掺杂浓度为5×1019/cm3,结深为0.5μm;P-有源区采用离子注入工艺,注入能量为80KeV,能量为1E12cm-2。按前述工艺条件进行硼掺杂,能有效提高PIN器件在650nm波长处的响应度。
7)采用高温LPCVD工艺,在器件表面淀积氮化硅保护层6;高温LPCVD工艺的工艺条件为:淀积温度为780℃,氮化硅保护膜6厚度为80±5nm。
8)采用光刻及湿法腐蚀工艺,在P型保护环2正上方刻蚀出电极孔;采用电子束蒸发工艺,在器件正面蒸镀Ti/Al双层金属膜;采用光刻及湿法腐蚀工艺,将电极区域以外的Ti/Al双层金属膜腐蚀掉,形成P电极7;Ti/Al双层金属膜中的Ti膜厚度为30nm,Al膜厚度为1100nm。
9)对器件背面进行减薄抛光;
10)采用电子束蒸发工艺在器件背面蒸镀Cr/Au双层金属膜,形成N电极8。
实施例4硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器的制作方法
本实施例中的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,如图1所示,其制作方法,包括以下步骤:
1)采用N型硅外延形成N+硅外延层衬底4、N++硅埋层10和I(N-)外延层1,其中,外延层1的掺杂浓度约为6x1012/cm3,外延层厚度为20±5μm;N+硅外延层衬底4的掺杂浓度约为2x1018/cm3,厚度约为250±10μm;N++硅埋层10的掺杂浓度约为1020/cm3,厚度约为5μm;将外延层1所在侧的器件端面记为正面,N+硅外延层衬底4所在侧的器件端面记为背面;
2)采用高温氧化工艺,在器件正面表面形成二氧化硅钝化层5;
3)采用光刻工艺在器件正面光刻出保护环掺杂区,采用湿法腐蚀工艺将保护环掺杂区范围内的二氧化硅钝化层腐蚀掉;
4)采用高温硼扩散工艺,对保护环掺杂区进行高浓度、深结硼掺杂,获得P型保护环2;
5)采用光刻工艺在器件正面光刻出有源区,采用湿法腐蚀工艺对有源区范围内的二氧化硅钝化层进行腐蚀;
6)采用离子注入工艺和高温硼扩散工艺相结合,形成P-有源区3和P+有源区9;按如下工艺条件进行离子注入和浅结硼掺杂工艺:P+有源区扩散温度为900~1100℃,掺杂浓度为3×1019/cm3,结深为0.4μm;P-有源区采用离子注入工艺,注入能量为80KeV,能量为1E12cm-2。按前述工艺条件进行硼掺杂,能有效提高PIN器件在650nm波长处的响应度。
7)采用高温LPCVD工艺,在器件表面淀积氮化硅保护层6;高温LPCVD工艺的工艺条件为:淀积温度为780℃,氮化硅保护膜6厚度为80±5nm。
8)采用光刻及湿法腐蚀工艺,在P型保护环2正上方刻蚀出电极孔;采用电子束蒸发工艺,在器件正面蒸镀Ti/Al双层金属膜;采用光刻及湿法腐蚀工艺,将电极区域以外的Ti/Al双层金属膜腐蚀掉,形成P电极7;Ti/Al双层金属膜中的Ti膜厚度为25nm,Al膜厚度为1100nm。
9)对器件背面进行减薄抛光;
10)采用电子束蒸发工艺在器件背面蒸镀Cr/Au双层金属膜,形成N电极8。
按前述结构及方法制作出的硅基高速高响应PIN器件,光敏面直径为1mm,其上升时间达到0.8ns,响应度达到0.4A/W(λ=650nm)以上,普通的PIN器件上升时间在3ns以上,响应度在0.37A/W(λ=650nm)左右。Cr/Au双层金属膜中的Cr膜厚度为15nm,Au膜厚度为250nm。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (8)

1.一种硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,其特征在于:包括由下至上依次设置的N电极(8)、N+硅外延层衬底(4)、N++硅埋层(10)、N–型I外延层(1)、二氧化硅钝化层(5)和氮化硅保护层(6),所述N–型I外延层(1)上部设置有保护环掺杂区,所述保护环掺杂区内设置有P型保护环(2),采用离子注入工艺和高温硼扩散工艺相结合在所述P型保护环(2)内形成P-有源区(3)和P+有源区(9),所述P型保护环(2)正上方刻蚀出有电极孔,所述电极孔内设置有与P型保护环(2)连接的P电极(7)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器,其特征在于:所述N电极(8)为Cr/Au双层金属膜;所述P电极(7)为Ti/Al双层金属膜。
3.一种如权利要求1或2中所述硅基高速高响应PIN光电探测器的制作方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)采用N型硅外延形成N+硅外延层衬底(4)、N++硅埋层(10)和N–型I外延层(1),其中,外延层(1)的掺杂浓度为(4~6)x1012/cm3,外延层厚度为20±5μm;N+硅外延层衬底(4)的掺杂浓度为(1~2)x1018/cm3,厚度为250±10μm;将外延层(1)所在侧的器件端面记为正面,N+硅外延层衬底(4)所在侧的器件端面记为背面;
2)采用高温氧化工艺,在器件正面表面形成二氧化硅钝化层(5);
3)采用光刻工艺在器件正面光刻出保护环掺杂区,采用湿法腐蚀工艺将保护环掺杂区范围内的二氧化硅钝化层腐蚀掉;
4)采用高温硼扩散工艺,对保护环掺杂区进行高浓度、深结硼掺杂,获得P型保护环(2);
5)采用光刻工艺在器件正面光刻出有源区,采用湿法腐蚀工艺对有源区范围内的二氧化硅钝化层进行腐蚀;
6)采用离子注入工艺和高温硼扩散工艺相结合,形成P-有源区(3)和P+有源区(9);
7)采用高温LPCVD工艺,在器件表面淀积氮化硅保护层(6);
8)采用光刻及湿法腐蚀工艺,在P型保护环(2)正上方刻蚀出电极孔;采用电子束蒸发工艺,在器件正面蒸镀Ti/Al双层金属膜;采用光刻及湿法腐蚀工艺,将电极区域以外的Ti/Al双层金属膜腐蚀掉,形成P电极(7);
9)对器件背面进行减薄抛光;
10)采用电子束蒸发工艺在器件背面蒸镀Cr/Au双层金属膜,形成N电极(8)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制作方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,N++硅埋层(10)的掺杂浓度为(1~2)×1020/cm3,厚度为5μm。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制作方法,其特征在于:步骤6)中,按如下工艺条件进行离子注入和浅结硼掺杂工艺:P+有源区扩散温度为900~1100℃,掺杂浓度为(1~5)×1019/cm3,结深为0.2~0.5μm;P-有源区采用离子注入工艺,注入能量为80KeV,能量为1E12cm-2
6.根据权利要求3所述的制作方法,其特征在于:步骤7)中,高温LPCVD工艺的工艺条件为:淀积温度为780℃,氮化硅保护膜(6)厚度为80±5nm。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制作方法,其特征在于:步骤8)中,Ti/Al双层金属膜中的Ti膜厚度为20~30nm,Al膜厚度为1000~1100nm。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制作方法,其特征在于:步骤10)中,Cr/Au双层金属膜中的Cr膜厚度为10~20nm,Au膜厚度为200~300nm。
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