CN109678490A - 一种掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109678490A
CN109678490A CN201811415848.5A CN201811415848A CN109678490A CN 109678490 A CN109678490 A CN 109678490A CN 201811415848 A CN201811415848 A CN 201811415848A CN 109678490 A CN109678490 A CN 109678490A
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赵洪峰
程宽
谢清云
刘冬季
杨丹
燕飞霏
蒙晓记
王�锋
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XI'AN XD ARRESTER Co Ltd
Xinjiang University
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Xinjiang University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻及其制备方法,属于电气元件材料领域。该方法的制备步骤包括将ZnO、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、MnO2、Cr2O3、Co2O3、SiO2、B2O3和Ag2O按照一定比例混合,加入聚乙烯醇、分散剂和去离子水,球磨,在球磨好的浆料中加入Al(NO3)3、Ga(NO3)3、Y(NO3)3,然后再加入少量的稀释剂,使用该方法的工艺过程可以很好的解决因加入硝酸钇而出现浆料粘稠的问题,将球磨好的浆料喷雾造粒并压片烧结。该方法制备出的直流氧化锌压敏电阻具有梯度和非线性高的综合特点,能适应特高压直流输电系统对雷电过电压防护的应用需求。

Description

一种掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于电气元件材料领域,具体涉及一种掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻及其制备方法。
背景技术
直流ZnO压敏电阻是以ZnO为主要原料,添加少量的Bi2O3、Sb2O3、MnO2、Cr2O3、Co2O3、B2O3和银玻璃粉等作为辅助成份,采用陶瓷烧结工艺制备而成。由于其优异的非线性伏安特性、高能量吸收能力以及快速响应电磁瞬变特性,以其为核心器件的避雷器广泛用于电力系统雷电过电压防护、电力设备绝缘配合等。
目前随着输电电压等级的提高,特别是特高压直流输电系统(±1100kV),设备绝缘问题日益突出——全面提高设备绝缘将付出高昂的代价。采用高梯度、高非线性的压敏电阻制备而成的避雷器可降低系统的绝缘水平,减小输变电设备的重量和体积,提高输电系统的可靠性。根据最新公布的专利(申请号:201610031044.X)研究结果,目前直流ZnO压敏电阻存在电压梯度低(170~220V/mm),泄漏电流(漏电流≤5μA)大的特点。进一步提高直流ZnO压敏电阻的电压梯度和降低泄漏电流,对于提高避雷器的长期稳定运行能力和小型化将有积极的意义。
发明内容
本发明为了克服已有技术的不足,提出了一种掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻及其制备方法。本发明制备出的直流ZnO压敏电阻陶瓷具有高非线性、高梯度的特点。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提出的一种掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻,其特征在于,该压敏电阻原料各组分的摩尔百分比为ZnO:83.05%-91.75%、Bi2O3:0.75%-2.25%、Sb2O3:0.75%-2%、MnO2:0.75%-1.25%、Cr2O3:0.75%-1.25%、Co2O3:0.75%-2%、SiO2:1.25%-2.5%、B2O3:0.15%-0.45%、Ag2O:0.15%-0.25%、Al(NO3)3:0.6%-1.25%、Ga(NO3)3:0.6%-1.25%、Y(NO3)3:1.75%-2.5%。
进一步地,所述直流ZnO压敏电阻的电压梯度为450-500V/mm,泄漏电流密度为0.5-1μA,非线性系数为70-80。
本发明还提出一种上述直流ZnO压敏电阻的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
1)原料配制
按以下摩尔百分比配置第一原料:
ZnO:83.05%-91.75%、Bi2O3:0.75%-2.25%、Sb2O3:0.75%-2%、MnO2:0.75%-1.25%、Cr2O3:0.75%-1.25%、Co2O3:0.75%-2%、SiO2:1.25%-2.5%、B2O3:0.15%-0.45%、Ag2O:0.15%-0.25%,
按以下摩尔百分比配置第二原料:
Al(NO3)3:0.6%-1.25%、Ga(NO3)3:0.6%-1.25%、Y(NO3)3:1.75%-2.5%;
2)制备浆料
将步骤1)配制的第一原料混合,放入分散研磨机,加入去离子水,使去离子水与粉料的重量比为2:3,加入聚乙烯醇和分散剂;混合球磨11-12小时,使所有混合原料分散均匀,制得第一浆料;
3)添加铝、镓和钇离子
将步骤1)中配制的第二原料和步骤2)制得的第一浆料混合并加入聚乙烯醇中球磨4~5小时,制得第二浆料;
4)成型
将步骤3)制得的第二浆料进行喷雾造粒、含水后,将粉料成型为圆形胚体,保压时间3-5分钟;
5)烧结
将步骤4)制得的坯体,以210~260℃/每小时的升温速率,从室温升至380℃,在380℃保温排胶2小时后自然冷却至室温,然后涂高阻层从室温升温至烧结温度1240~1280℃,该烧结温度下保温4~6小时,自然冷却至室温;
6)热处理
将步骤5)烧结好的电阻片进行热处理,从室温至500-550℃,升温速率为160-170℃/小时;在500-550℃,保温1-3小时:然后冷却,冷却速率为40-50℃/小时,得到掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻陶瓷。
本发明的有益效果在于:采用传统原料混合研磨工艺以及烧结工艺,通过调整辅助添加料的成份和比例,在ZnO及混合浆料中同时添加了B和稀土Y元素。添加的B和Ag元素共同作用提高了本发明压敏电阻的抗直流老化性能。同时添加稀土Y元素,提高了压敏电阻的电压梯度。Al和Ga离子的共同作用提高了晶界势垒,改善了非线性系数。获得ZnO压敏电阻陶瓷的电压梯度为450-500V/mm,非线性系数为70-75,所制备的ZnO压敏电阻陶瓷具有梯度高、高非线性的特点。
具体实施方式
本发明提出的一种掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻,该压敏电阻原料各组分的摩尔百分比为ZnO:83.05%-91.75%、Bi2O3:0.75%-2.25%、Sb2O3:0.75%-2%、MnO2:0.75%-1.25%、Cr2O3:0.75%-1.25%、Co2O3:0.75%-2%、SiO2:1.25%-2.5%、B2O3:0.15%-0.45%、Ag2O:0.15%-0.25%、Al(NO3)3:0.6%-1.25%、Ga(NO3)3:0.6%-1.25%、Y(NO3)3:1.75%-2.5%。
进一步地,所述直流ZnO压敏电阻的电压梯度为450-500V/mm,泄漏电流密度为0.5-1μA,非线性系数为70-80。
本发明还提出一种上述直流ZnO压敏电阻的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
1)原料配制
按以下摩尔百分比配置第一原料:
ZnO:83.05%-91.75%、Bi2O3:0.75%-2.25%、Sb2O3:0.75%-2%、MnO2:0.75%-1.25%、Cr2O3:0.75%-1.25%、Co2O3:0.75%-2%、SiO2:1.25%-2.5%、B2O3:0.15%-0.45%、Ag2O:0.15%-0.25%,
按以下摩尔百分比配置第二原料:
Al(NO3)3:0.6%-1.25%、Ga(NO3)3:0.6%-1.25%、Y(NO3)3:1.75%-2.5%;
2)制备浆料
将步骤1)配制的第一原料混合,放入分散研磨机,加入去离子水,使去离子水与粉料的重量比为2:3,加入聚乙烯醇和分散剂;混合球磨11-12小时,使所有混合原料分散均匀,制得第一浆料;
3)添加铝、镓和钇离子
将步骤1)中配制的第二原料和步骤2)制得的第一浆料混合并加入聚乙烯醇中球磨4~5小时,制得第二浆料;使用该方法的工艺过程可以很好的解决因加入硝酸钇而出现浆料粘稠的问题;
4)成型
将步骤3)制得的第二浆料进行喷雾造粒、含水后,将粉料成型为圆形胚体,保压时间3-5分钟;
5)烧结
将步骤4)制得的坯体,以210~260℃/每小时的升温速率,从室温升至380℃,在380℃保温排胶2小时后自然冷却至室温,然后涂高阻层从室温升温至烧结温度1240~1280℃,该烧结温度下保温4~6小时,自然冷却至室温;
6)热处理
将步骤5)烧结好的电阻片进行热处理,从室温至500-550℃,升温速率为160-170℃/小时;在500-550℃,保温1-3小时:然后冷却,冷却速率为40-50℃/小时,得到掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻陶瓷。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
实施例一:
1)原料配制
按以下摩尔百分比配置第一原料:ZnO(91.75mol%)、Bi2O3(0.75mol%)、Sb2O3(0.75mol%)、MnO2(0.75mol%)、Cr2O3(0.75mol%)、Co2O3(0.75mol%)、SiO2(1.25mol%)、B2O3(0.15%)、Ag2O(0.15mol%),
按以下摩尔百分比配置第二原料:Al(NO3)3(0.6mol%)、Ga(NO3)3(0.6mol%)和Y(NO3)3(1.75mol%)。
2)制备浆料
将步骤1)配制的第一原料混合,放入微纳米粉体分散研磨机,加入粉料重量2/3倍的去离子水,然后加入600ml聚乙烯醇,最后加入分散剂;球磨12个小时,使所有混合原料分散均匀,制得第一浆料。
3)添加铝、镓和钇离子
将步骤1)中配制的第二原料和步骤2)制得的第一浆料混合并加入100ml聚乙烯醇,继续球磨4小时,制得第二浆料。
4)成型
将步骤3)制得的第二浆料进行喷雾造粒、含水后得到的粉料压片成直径50mm、高20mm的圆形胚体,成型压力为190MPa,保压时间3分钟。
5)烧结
在马弗炉中烧结坯体,具体温度设置如下:
从室温至380℃,升温速率为210℃/每小时;
在380℃保温排胶2小时,自然冷却至室温;
涂高阻层(采用本领域的常规工艺);
从室温升温至860℃,升温速率为200℃/每小时;
从860℃至1280℃,升温速率为150℃/每小时;
在1280℃保温4小时;
从1280℃至950℃,降温速率为190℃/每小时;
自然冷却至室温。
6)热处理
将烧结好的电阻片进行热处理,从室温至500℃,升温速率为160℃/小时;在500℃,保温1小时;然后冷却,冷却速率为40℃/小时;
对得到的ZnO压敏电阻样品进行了各项性能测试。其泄漏电流均值耐0.7μA/cm2,非线性系数均值78,压敏电压梯度均值450V/mm,残压比均值1.58。
实施例二:
1)原料配制
按以下摩尔百分比配置第一原料:ZnO(87.76mol%)、Bi2O3(1.75mol%)、Sb2O3(1.25mol%)、MnO2(0.95mol%)、Cr2O3(0.95mol%)、Co2O3(1.25mol%)、SiO2(1.75mol%)、B2O3(0.35%)、Ag2O(0.19mol%),
按以下摩尔百分比配置第二原料:Al(NO3)3(0.9mol%)、Ga(NO3)3(0.9mol%)和Y(NO3)3(2mol%)。
2)制备浆料
将步骤1)配制的第一原料混合,放入微纳米粉体分散研磨机,加入粉料重量2/3倍的去离子水,然后加入600ml聚乙烯醇,最后加入分散剂;球磨11个小时,至分散均匀,制得第一浆料。
3)添加铝、镓和钇离子
将步骤1)中配制的第二原料和步骤2)制得的第一浆料混合并加入100ml聚乙烯醇。继续球磨5小时,制得第二浆料。
4)成型
将步骤3)制得的得到的浆料进行喷雾造粒、含水后,将粉料压片成直径50mm、高20mm的胚体,成型压力为190MPa,保压时间4分钟。
5)烧结
在马弗炉中烧结坯体,具体温度设置如下:
从室温至380℃,升温速率为230℃/每小时;
在380℃保温排胶2小时,自然冷却至室温;
涂高阻层;
从室温升温至860℃,升温速率为210℃/每小时;
从860℃至1260℃,升温速率为230℃/每小时;
在1260℃保温4小时;
从1260℃至950℃,降温速率为200℃/每小时;
自然冷却至室温。
6)热处理
将烧结好电阻片进行热处理,从室温至520℃,升温速率为165℃/小时;在520℃,保温2小时;然后冷却,冷却速率为45℃/小时;
对得到的ZnO压敏电阻样品进行了各项性能测试。其泄漏电流均值耐0.80μA/cm2,非线性系数均值80,压敏电压梯度均值480V/mm,残压比均值1.52。
实施例三:
1)原料配制
按以下摩尔百分比配置第一原料:ZnO(83.05mol%)、Bi2O3(2.25mol%)、Sb2O3(2mol%)、MnO2(1.25mol%)、Cr2O3(1.25mol%)、Co2O3(2mol%)、SiO2(2.5mol%)、B2O3(0.45%)、Ag2O(0.25mol%),
按以下摩尔百分比配置第二原料:Al(NO3)3(1.25mol%)、Ga(NO3)3(1.25mol%)和Y(NO3)3(2.5mol%)。
2)制备浆料
将步骤1)配制的第一原料混合,放入微纳米粉体分散研磨机,加入粉料重量2/3倍的去离子水,然后加入600ml聚乙烯醇,最后加入分散剂;球磨12个小时,至分散均匀,制得第一浆料。
3)添加铝、镓和钇离子
将步骤1)中配制的第二原料和步骤2)制得的第一浆料混合并加入100ml聚乙烯醇,继续球磨4小时,制得第二浆料。
4)成型
将步骤3)制得的第二浆料进行喷雾造粒、含水后,将粉料压片成直径50mm、高20mm的胚体,成型压力为190MPa,保压时间5分钟。
5)烧结
在马弗炉中烧结坯体,具体温度设置如下:
从室温至380℃,升温速率为260℃/每小时;
在380℃保温排胶2小时,自然冷却至室温;
涂高阻层;
从室温升温至860℃,升温速率为220℃/每小时;
从860℃至1240℃,升温速率为250℃/每小时;
在1240℃保温4小时;
从1240℃至950℃,降温速率为210℃/每小时;
自然冷却至室温。
6)热处理
将烧结好的电阻片进行热处理,从室温至550℃,升温速率为170℃/小时;在550℃,保温3小时;然后冷却,冷却速率为50℃/小时;
对得到的ZnO压敏电阻样品进行了各项性能测试。其泄漏电流均值耐0.97μA/cm2,非线性系数均值71,压敏电压梯度均值500V/mm,残压比均值1.5。
综上,通过本发明方法制备出的直流ZnO压敏电阻具有梯度和非线性高的综合特点,能适应特高压直流输电系统对雷电过电压防护的应用需求。

Claims (4)

1.一种掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻,其特征在于,该压敏电阻原料各组分的摩尔百分比为ZnO:83.05%-91.75%、Bi2O3:0.75%-2.25%、Sb2O3:0.75%-2%、MnO2:0.75%-1.25%、Cr2O3:0.75%-1.25%、Co2O3:0.75%-2%、SiO2:1.25%-2.5%、B2O3:0.15%-0.45%、Ag2O:0.15%-0.25%、Al(NO3)3:0.6%-1.25%、Ga(NO3)3:0.6%-1.25%、Y(NO3)3:1.75%-2.5%。
2.如权利要求1所述的直流ZnO压敏电阻,其特征在于,所述直流ZnO压敏电阻的电压梯度为450-500V/mm,泄漏电流密度为0.5-1μA,非线性系数为70-80。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法具体包括以下步骤:
1)原料配制
按以下摩尔百分比配置第一原料:
ZnO:83.05%-91.75%、Bi2O3:0.75%-2.25%、Sb2O3:0.75%-2%、MnO2:0.75%-1.25%、Cr2O3:0.75%-1.25%、Co2O3:0.75%-2%、SiO2:1.25%-2.5%、B2O3:0.15%-0.45%、Ag2O:0.15%-0.25%,
按以下摩尔百分比配置第二原料:
Al(NO3)3:0.6%-1.25%、Ga(NO3)3:0.6%-1.25%、Y(NO3)3:1.75%-2.5%;
2)制备浆料
将步骤1)配制的第一原料混合,放入分散研磨机,加入去离子水,使去离子水与粉料的重量比为2:3,加入聚乙烯醇和分散剂;混合球磨11-12小时,使所有混合原料分散均匀,制得第一浆料;
3)添加铝、镓和钇离子
将步骤1)中配制的第二原料和步骤2)制得的第一浆料混合并加入聚乙烯醇中球磨4~5小时,制得第二浆料;
4)成型
将步骤3)制得的第二浆料进行喷雾造粒、含水后,将粉料成型为圆形胚体,保压时间3-5分钟;
5)烧结
将步骤4)制得的坯体,以210~260℃/每小时的升温速率,从室温升至380℃,在380℃保温排胶2小时后自然冷却至室温,然后涂高阻层从室温升温至烧结温度1240~1280℃,该烧结温度下保温4~6小时,自然冷却至室温;
6)热处理
将步骤5)烧结好的电阻片进行热处理,从室温至500-550℃,升温速率为160-170℃/小时;在500-550℃,保温1-3小时:然后冷却,冷却速率为40-50℃/小时,得到掺杂硼和钇离子的直流ZnO压敏电阻陶瓷。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,上述圆形胚体的直径为50mm,成型压力为190MPa。
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