CN109678444B - 一种脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块的制备方法，利用脱硫石膏、矿粉等原料按照本发明公开的工艺制备脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块；本发明制备的外墙自保温砌块具有远超过现有技术的优良性能；本发明产品的研制成功对于促进脱硫石膏在外墙上的应用及绿色建材的发展具有重要的推动意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块的制备方法，特别是涉及利用脱硫石膏、矿粉和化学发泡制备的环保型脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块的制备方法，属于建筑材料领域。
背景技术
脱硫石膏在建筑领域中的应用比较广泛，它可以用作装饰材料，包括石膏板、石膏线和石膏柱等；也可以作为墙体材料，包括石膏空心条板、纤维石膏板、石膏砌块等；此外，脱硫石膏也广泛应用于水泥生产，调节水泥的凝结时间。但综合国内外的报道，发现鲜有脱硫石膏用做外墙材料的报道。
针对石膏基材料为何不能应用于建筑外墙，国内外学者曾进行了大量的研究，但截止目前，从其研究成果来看，针对于脱硫石膏材料本身，如果做成满足建筑节能要求的轻质外墙脱硫石膏制品，其强度太低，在生产过程中容易破损，成品率太低，导致生产成本增加，同时制品在运输过程中的也很容易破损；但若将砌块的强度提高，其导热系数也会随之升高，难以满足保温节能的要求，强度与保温这对矛盾一直没能够很好地解决。此外，石膏是气硬性胶凝材料，其耐水性差是限制其在建筑外墙使用的原因之一。
针对以上问题，本发明人经过一系列研究，开发出了一个能够同时提高石膏基体强度、耐久性及保温性能的配方，研制出一种既能达到保温、节能要求，又能满足雨量充沛地区外墙耐水要求的一体化自保温石膏砌块。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块的制备方法，本发明方法制备的产品具有强度高、质量轻、耐久性好、保温性能优异等优点。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现，包括步骤：
1)按所述重量比称取各物料，脱硫石膏：矿粉：氧化钙：水：高效减水剂＝625～1015：87～415：53～112：396～512：6.7～11.3，将各物料置于搅拌机中，搅拌均匀后浇注到石膏砌块模具中；在振动台上振动1分钟，抹平表面，自然养护2小时，脱模，再自然养护1天，得有若干孔洞的脱硫石膏外墙砌块；
2)按所述重量比称取各物料，脱硫石膏：高铝水泥：氧化钙：铝粉：NaOH：水＝798～967：87～145：39～75：4.5～15.7：2.3～8.6：543.5～753.2，并将脱硫石膏、高铝水泥、氧化钙、铝粉、NaOH置于搅拌机中拌和均匀后，再将水倒入干混料中，然后用搅拌机快速搅拌2分钟，得加气脱硫石膏保温材料浆料；将此浆料注入步骤1)制得的脱硫石膏外墙砌块的孔洞内，注入量为空洞高度的一半；静置至浆料充分发气结束，然后抹平浆料表面，得脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块；
3)将步骤2)制得的脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块进行自然养护，养护时间为2-3天；
4)将完成养护的脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块浸入到浓度为8％～20％的有机硅憎水液中2-3分钟；
5)结束浸泡，取出砌块；自然干燥1-2天，即得本发明外墙自保温砌块。
为了获得更好的效果，优选：
步骤1)中脱硫石膏外墙砌块的尺寸为600mm×500mm×150mm，空洞率为15％～35％，表观密度为527kg/m3～783kg/m3；
步骤2)的拌合水温度控制为25℃～60℃；
步骤4)中的有机硅憎水液为辛基三乙氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷或甲基硅酸钠中的一种。
本发明的优点和特点：
1.本发明方法制备的脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块,具有远超过现有技术的优良性能：吸水率为8.3～16.5％，断裂荷载为5.35～9.20KN，传热系数为0.98～1.53W/m2·K；具有强度高、质量轻、耐久性好、保温性能优异等特点。
2.本发明产品的研制成功对于促进脱硫石膏在外墙上的应用及绿色建材的发展具有重要的推动意义。
附图说明
图1为本发明脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块的结构示意图：其中：
A为脱硫石膏外墙砌块，B为加气脱硫石膏保温材料。
具体实施方式
为了便于对本发明的理解，下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明，但不限制本发明。
实施例1
先按下述重量比称取各物料，脱硫石膏：矿粉：氧化钙：水：高效减水剂＝900：100：60：434.6：8。并将各物料置于搅拌机中，搅拌均匀后浇注到石膏砌块模具中，在振动台上振动1分钟，抹平表面，自然养护2小时，脱模，再自然养护1天，制得空洞率为20％，表观密度为778kg/m3的脱硫石膏外墙砌块。
再按后面所述重量比称取各物料，并将脱硫石膏、高铝水泥、氧化钙、铝粉、NaOH置于搅拌机中拌和均匀后，再将已量取的水倒入干混料中，拌合水的水温为30℃；然后用搅拌机快速搅拌2分钟，得加气脱硫石膏保温材料浆料；将浆料注入上述步骤已制得的脱硫石膏外墙砌块的孔洞中，注入高度为空洞高度一半；静置10分钟抹平浆料表面。然后将砌块进行自然养护，养护时间为2天；养护结束后，将砌块浸入到浓度为15％的辛基三乙氧基硅烷溶液中，浸泡2分钟，取出后自然干燥2天即得本发明脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块。脱硫石膏：高铝水泥：氧化钙：铝粉：NaOH：水＝850：100：50：7.0：5.0：607.2。
实施例2
按下述重量比称取各物料，脱硫石膏：矿粉：氧化钙：水：高效减水剂＝800：200：70：438.7：8，并将各物料置于搅拌机中，搅拌均匀后浇注到石膏砌块模具中，在振动台上振动1分钟，抹平表面，自然养护2小时，脱模，再自然养护1天，制得空洞率为30％，表观密度为700kg/m3的脱硫石膏外墙砌块。
再按重量比脱硫石膏：高铝水泥：氧化钙：铝粉：NaOH：水＝850：100：50：7.0：5.0：607.2，称取各物料，拌合的水温为35℃，其余按实施例1操作，得本发明脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块。
实施例3
按下述重量比称取各物料，脱硫石膏：矿粉：氧化钙：水：高效减水剂＝700：300：80：442.8：8。并将各物料置于搅拌机中，搅拌均匀后浇注到石膏砌块模具中，在振动台上振动1分钟，抹平表面，自然养护2小时，脱模，再自然养护1天，制得空洞率为20％，表观密度为780kg/m3的脱硫石膏外墙砌块；
再按重量比脱硫石膏：高铝水泥：氧化钙：铝粉：NaOH：水＝850：100：50：7.0：5.0：607.2称取各物料，拌合的水温为40℃，其余按实施例1操作，得本发明脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块。
Claims (4)
1.一种脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块的制备方法，其特征在于包括步骤：
1)按所述重量比称取各物料，脱硫石膏：矿粉：氧化钙：水：高效减水剂＝625～1015：87～415：53～112：396～512：6.7～11.3，将各物料置于搅拌机中，搅拌均匀后浇注到石膏砌块模具中；在振动台上振动1分钟，抹平表面，自然养护2小时，脱模，再自然养护1天，得有若干孔洞的脱硫石膏外墙砌块；
2)按所述重量比称取各物料，脱硫石膏：高铝水泥：氧化钙：铝粉：NaOH：水＝798～967：87～145：39～75：4.5～15.7：2.3～8.6：543.5～753.2，并将脱硫石膏、高铝水泥、氧化钙、铝粉、NaOH置于搅拌机中拌和均匀后，再将水倒入干混料中，然后用搅拌机快速搅拌2分钟，得浆料；将此浆料注入步骤1)制得的脱硫石膏外墙砌块的孔洞内，注入量为空洞高度的一半；静置至浆料充分发气结束，然后抹平浆料表面，得脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块；
3)将步骤2)制得的脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块进行自然养护，养护时间为2-3天；
4)将完成养护的脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块浸入到浓度为8％～20％的有机硅憎水液中2-3分钟；
5)结束浸泡，取出砌块；自然干燥1-2天，即得外墙自保温砌块。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块的制备方法，其特征在于步骤1)中所述脱硫石膏外墙砌块的尺寸为600mm×500mm×150mm，空洞率为15％～35％，表观密度为527kg/m3～783kg/m3。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块的制备方法，其特征在于步骤2)的拌合水温度控制在25℃～60℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种脱硫石膏外墙自保温砌块的制备方法，其特征在于步骤4)中的有机硅憎水液为辛基三乙氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷或甲基硅酸钠中的一种。
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