CN109677080A - 复合保温材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

复合保温材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN109677080A
CN109677080A CN201811637434.7A CN201811637434A CN109677080A CN 109677080 A CN109677080 A CN 109677080A CN 201811637434 A CN201811637434 A CN 201811637434A CN 109677080 A CN109677080 A CN 109677080A
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compound
film
bubble
vmpet
insulating material
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陈照峰
马汝军
张鑫扬
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Suzhou Junyue New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Suzhou Junyue New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种复合保温材料，包括依次复合的铝塑复合膜、聚合物发泡层和气泡垫；所述铝塑复合膜包括基体膜以及复合于基体膜上的尼龙网格线；所述基体膜包括PVF膜和单面镀铝的VMPET膜，所述PVF膜复合于VMPET膜的PET面上，所述尼龙网格线复合于VMPET膜的镀铝面上；所述聚合物发泡层复合于尼龙网格线上，所述聚合物发泡层是由聚合物材料和纳米材料锑按照0.08～0.3:1的质量比制备得到的泡沫塑料构成的；所述气泡垫复合于聚合物发泡层上。本发明还提供了所述复合保温材料的制备方法及应用。本发明的复合保温材料，同时具备光反射、热反射及防辐射等性能、密封性好和阻隔性强。

Description

复合保温材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及保温材料技术领域，具体涉及一种复合保温材料，其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着能源危机的日益加剧，人们对隔热保温材料的需求逐渐旺盛。目前工业化生产的保温隔热材料主要为有机保温材料和无机保温材料。有机保温材料主要是各种高分子的泡沫材料，如橡胶泡沫，聚乙烯泡沫，聚苯乙烯泡沫等等，这类保温材料的优点是技术成熟，规模化生产，导热系数低，保温效果好，但它们使用温度低(＜100℃)，易燃烧，消防等级低。无机保温材料又可分为硬质保温材料和软质保温材料，其中硬质保温材料如硅酸钙，泡沫玻璃等，它们易破碎，施工损耗大，而且必须预先成型，需要非常多的模具，所以成本高，使用不是很普遍，而软质保温材料主要是各种无机纤维材料制成的毡材，它们也存在缺陷，如对人造无机纤维制成的毡材，它们成分单一，仅用无机纤维，纤维间空隙较大，结构疏松，高温热空气很容易穿透保温层，形成较大范围的对流传导，导热系数大，保温效果差，而对天然无机纤维制成的毡材，它们无一例外都只能采用天然石棉纤维为主要材料，而石棉被怀疑为致癌物质，在越来越多的国家被禁用或限制使用。鉴于此，人们正在积极开发新型的隔热保温材料。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种复合保温材料，该复合保温材料同时具备光反射、热反射及防辐射等性能、密封性好和阻隔性强。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种复合保温材料，包括依次复合的铝塑复合膜、聚合物发泡层和气泡垫；
所述铝塑复合膜包括基体膜以及复合于基体膜上的尼龙网格线；所述基体膜包括PVF膜和单面镀铝的VMPET膜，所述PVF膜复合于VMPET膜的PET面上，所述尼龙网格线复合于VMPET膜的镀铝面上；所述聚合物发泡层复合于尼龙网格线上，所述聚合物发泡层是由聚合物材料和纳米材料按照0.08～0.3:1的质量比制备得到的泡沫塑料构成的；所述气泡垫复合于聚合物发泡层上；所述纳米材料选自五氧化二锑、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化铝中的至少一种。
本发明中，尼龙网格线是外保护层，起支撑作用，具有抗冲击性、耐穿刺、耐热及绝缘性能好的优点，保护中间铝箔层不受机械损伤，织物以承载骨架的形式强化了复合膜的力学性能，保证产品的成品率。优选的，所述尼龙网格线是由尼龙66纱线以正交的方式排布的。更优选的，所述尼龙66纱线选自110D、150D和233D中的一种或多种。
本发明中，PVF(聚氟乙烯薄膜)具有突出的耐老化性、耐候性，良好的耐化学腐蚀、耐污染性，并且阻燃、自熄、少烟。优选的，所述PVF膜的厚度为20～30μm。
本发明中，VMPET，又称PET镀铝膜，是通过真空镀铝工艺制备的阻隔性薄膜，其具有强韧性、耐摩擦性和阻隔性(阻气阻氧)等优点，可以反射外部能量，有效地阻止了热量的传递。其上的铝箔优选地采用纯度超过99.6％的电解铝压延制作而成的面心立方最密堆积的金属晶体。优选的，所述VMPET膜的厚度为10～15μm，VMPET膜上的镀铝层厚度为30～50nm。
本发明中，泡沫塑料属闭孔材料，密度低，低至0.1-0.4g/cm3，为集装箱轻便创造了前提。由于泡沫塑料中有大量气泡存在，泡孔内气体的热导率比塑料低很多，保温和隔音效果好，且比强度高于非发泡制品，起到良好的支撑作用。五氧化二锑起到了阻燃剂的作用，能显著提高泡沫塑料的阻燃性能。优选的，所述聚合物材料选自聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚烯烃中的至少一种。更优选的，所述聚合物材料为低密度聚乙烯。
本发明中，气泡垫具有防湿、缓冲、保温作用好、良好的减震性、抗冲击性、热合性等优点。由于气泡垫中间层充满空气，所以体轻，透明、富有弹性，具有隔热隔音，防震防磨损的性能。优选的，所述气泡垫采用双层气泡，气泡直径10～30mm，气泡高度5～10mm。
本发明另一方面还提供了上述复合保温材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
在VMPET膜的PET面上涂胶，采用热压复合的方式将PVF膜贴合于所述PET面上，经熟化后得到所述基体膜；
将浸渍有胶液的尼龙网格线贴覆于基体膜中的镀铝面上，热压复合，得到所述铝塑复合膜；
将聚合物材料和纳米材料熔融，挤出成型，吸塑形成气泡膜；再与气泡垫热压复合，得到复合层；以及
将所述复合层热压复合于铝塑复合膜的尼龙网格线上，得到所述复合保温材料。
在基体膜的复合工艺中，优选的，涂胶的气压为0.1～0.4MPa，涂胶的厚度为30～40μm；复合的气压为0.4～0.7MPa，复合辊的温度为60～80℃；熟化温度为45～55℃，熟化时间为24～48h。
优选的，采用RHGF-1000A型干式复合机对VMPET膜和PVF膜进行复合。
优选的，还包括配胶的步骤。更优选的，所述配胶具体为：将D5910A/B双组份胶粘剂的主剂倒入配胶桶，缓慢开动搅拌，将转速提升至600r/min；再倒入乙酸乙酯溶剂进行稀释，搅拌均匀30min之后，加入固化剂，边加边搅拌；再次搅拌60min后，停止搅拌，将所得胶液用250目滤网过滤，静置60min直至气泡排尽，检测粘度为10～30mPa·s合格即用。优选的，在胶液配置中，主剂：固化剂：溶剂的质量配比为1:0.06:1.28。
优选的，在涂胶后还包括对涂覆胶水的VMPET膜进行烘干的步骤。更优选的，所述烘干具体为：控制辊轮线速度为20～33m/min，使涂覆胶水的VMPET薄膜缓慢经过烘道，烘道三段的温度分别控制在60～75℃、75～90℃、恒温90℃三个梯度。
优选的，复合后还包括冷却收卷的步骤。更优选的，所述冷却收卷具体为：复合后的基体膜在室温下经冷却辊冷却后，调整收卷张力，使收卷张力略大于放卷张力，进行收卷。
在尼龙网格与基体膜的复合工艺中，优选的，浸渍胶液时胶液温度为20～25℃，浸渍时间为3～5s；热压温度为70～80℃，压强为0.4～0.5MPa，热压时间为5-15s。更优选的，热压时间为10s。
优选的，采用马来酸改性氯醋树脂和聚氨酯混合的胶粘剂进行尼龙网格与PVF/VMPET基体膜镀铝层侧粘接复合。更优选的，马来酸含量为3-8wt％，胶液固含量为20-25％，聚氨酯含量为6-10wt％。
优选的，还包括配胶的步骤。更优选的，所述配胶具体为：将丙酮倒入配胶桶内，缓慢开动搅拌；再按比例倒入马来酸改性氯醋树脂粉末，将搅拌机的搅拌速率设置为800r/min，直至将树脂完全分散溶解；此时胶液呈淡黄色，搅拌均匀20min后，按比例加入LH-8505A/B聚氨酯铝塑胶粘剂，继续搅拌10min停止搅拌。
优选的，还包括编网的步骤。更优选的，所述编网具体为：尼龙66纱线通过编网器进行编网，按照先经向后纬向的方式排布尼龙66纱线。
在聚合物发泡层的制备工艺中，优选的，加料段的温度为130～150C，塑化段的温度为170～190C，均化段的温度为200～220C。
在聚合物发泡层与气泡垫的复合工艺中，优选的，采用热融层压技术，真空辊的温度为160～180℃，真空度为0.03-0.05MPa。更优选的，真空度为0.04MPa。
在复合层与铝塑复合膜的复合工艺中，优选的，采用热熔层压技术，真空辊的温度为160～180℃，真空度为0.03～0.05MPa。更优选的，真空度为0.04MPa。
此外，本发明还提供了上述复合保温材料在制备冷藏设备，尤其是医用冷藏箱中的应用。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明的复合保温材料，同时具备光反射、热反射及防辐射等性能，且质量轻，密封性和阻隔性强，保温性能、缓冲性能和阻燃性能好，力学性能可观，适用于制备医用冷藏箱及其他冷藏设备。
附图说明
图1是本发明的复合保温材料的结构示意图；
图2是图1中VMPET/PVF基体膜的制备工艺流程；
图3是本发明中尼龙网格线的排布方式；
其中：1、气泡垫；2、聚合物发泡层；3、尼龙网格线；4、基体膜；41、PVF膜；42、VMPET膜；421、镀铝层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
参见图1，本实施例公开了一种复合保温材料，包括依次复合的铝塑复合膜、聚合物发泡层2和气泡垫1。其中，铝塑复合膜包括基体膜4以及复合于基体膜4上的尼龙网格线3。基体膜4包括PVF膜41和单面镀铝的VMPET膜42，VMPET膜的厚度为10～15μm，VMPET膜42上的镀铝层421的厚度为30～50nm。PVF膜41复合于VMPET膜42的PET面上，其厚度为20～30μm。所述尼龙网格线3复合于VMPET膜42的镀铝面上，其是由尼龙66纱线以正交的方式排布的。聚合物发泡层2复合于尼龙网格线3上，所述聚合物发泡层2是由低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和五氧化二锑按照0.2:1的质量比制备得到的泡沫塑料构成的。气泡垫1复合于聚合物发泡层2上，气泡垫1采用双层气泡，气泡直径15～20mm，气泡高度6～8mm。
本实施例的复合保温材料具体的制备工艺如下：
实施例2：基体膜PVF/VMPET复合工艺
参见附图2，本实施例采用RHGF-1000A型干式复合机对VMPET膜和PVF膜进行复合，制备VMPET/PVF基体膜，其具体过程如下：
(1)配胶：先将D5910A/B双组份胶粘剂的主剂倒入配胶桶，缓慢开动搅拌，将转速提升至600r/min，再倒入乙酸乙酯溶剂进行稀释，搅拌均匀30min之后，加入固化剂，边加边搅拌，再次搅拌60min后，停止搅拌，将所得胶液用250目滤网过滤，静置60min直至气泡排尽，检测粘度为10～30mPa·s合格即用；胶液配置中主剂：固化剂：溶剂质量配比为1:0.06:1.28。
(2)基材放卷：将待复合的VMPET膜和PVF膜分别放在放卷部上，根据基材的性能、品种、厚度等确定各个放卷部的张力，使基材稳定平整地放出。
(3)涂胶：调节复合机摆臂气压、刮刀气压及涂胶辊气压为0.3MPa，使涂胶装置中的网纹辊将胶水均匀连续涂覆在VMPET薄膜的PET表面，湿涂厚度为30～40μm。
(4)烘干：控制辊轮线速度为25m/min，使涂覆胶水烘干；控制辊轮线速度为25m/min，使涂覆胶水的VMPET薄膜缓慢经过烘道，烘道三段的温度分别控制在60～75℃、75～90℃、恒温90℃三个梯度。
(5)复合：将复合气压调节为0.6MPa，复合辊温度调节为70℃，使两薄膜在加热加压条件下进行热贴合，得VMPET/PVF基体膜。
(6)冷却收卷：基体膜室温下经冷却辊冷却后，调整收卷张力，使收卷张力略大于放卷张力，进行收卷。
(7)熟化：复合好的膜卷在熟化室内进行熟化，熟化温度为50℃，熟化时间为48h。
实施例3：尼龙网格线与基体膜复合工艺
采用马来酸改性氯醋树脂和聚氨酯混合的胶粘剂进行尼龙网格与PVF/VMPET基体膜镀铝层侧粘接复合，马来酸含量为5wt％，胶液固含量为22％，聚氨酯含量为8wt％。
采用热压机进行尼龙网格增强体与VMPET镀铝面的复合，其具体过程如下：
(1)配胶：先将丙酮倒入配胶桶内，缓慢开动搅拌，再按比例倒入马来酸改性氯醋树脂粉末，将搅拌机的搅拌速率设置为800r/min，直至将树脂完全分散溶解，此时胶液呈淡黄色，搅拌均匀20min后，按比例加入LH-8505A/B聚氨酯铝塑胶粘剂，继续搅拌10min停止搅拌。
(2)编网：尼龙66纱线通过编网器进行编网，按照先经向后纬向的方式排布尼龙66纱线，网格线排布方式如图3所示。
(3)网格浸渍：将编好的尼龙网格置于胶液内浸渍，控制胶液温度为20℃，浸渍时间为4s。
(4)网格复合：将VMPET/PVF基体膜平铺于热压机的加热板上，镀铝面朝上，再将浸渍胶粘剂的尼龙网格贴覆在基体膜上，随即使用热压机的上压板进行热压，热压温度控制在75℃，压强为0.4MPa，热压时间为10s。
实施例4：聚合物发泡层的制备以及与气泡垫的复合
在塑料薄膜挤塑成型机的拌料系统中，将低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和五氧化二锑按照0.2:1的比例混合熔融，其中加料段温度控制在130～150℃，塑化段温度控制在170～180℃，均化段温度控制在200～210℃。熔融料经挤出机平模成型后，于真空辊处吸塑成气泡膜，制备出聚乙烯发泡层。
聚乙烯发泡层制备好后，采用热融层压技术，在牵引复合辊的作用下，在线将气泡垫与聚合物发泡层热压复合，最终制得复合层；其中，真空辊的温度为160～170℃，真空度在0.04MPa左右。
实施例5：复合层与铝塑复合膜的复合
选择热熔层压技术进行复合，真空辊的温度为160～170℃，真空度在0.04MPa左右。气泡层制备后，在牵引复合辊的作用下，将上述复合层与铝塑复合膜热压上下两层复合，最终制得本发明的复合保温材料。
本实施例的复合保温材料，同时具备光反射、热反射及防辐射等性能，且质量轻，密封性和阻隔性强，保温性能和缓冲性能好，力学性能可观，适用于制备医用冷藏箱及其他冷藏设备。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例，本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种复合保温材料，其特征在于，包括依次复合的铝塑复合膜、聚合物发泡层和气泡垫；
所述铝塑复合膜包括基体膜以及复合于基体膜上的尼龙网格线；所述基体膜包括PVF膜和单面镀铝的VMPET膜，所述PVF膜复合于VMPET膜的PET面上，所述尼龙网格线复合于VMPET膜的镀铝面上；所述聚合物发泡层复合于尼龙网格线上，所述聚合物发泡层是由聚合物材料和纳米材料按照0.08～0.3:1的质量比制备得到的泡沫塑料构成的；所述气泡垫复合于聚合物发泡层上；
所述纳米材料选自五氧化二锑、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化铝中的至少一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合保温材料，其特征在于，所述PVF膜的厚度为20～30μm；所述VMPET膜的厚度为10～15μm。
3.如权利要求1所述的复合保温材料，其特征在于，所述聚合物材料选自聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚烯烃中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求3所述的复合保温材料，其特征在于，所述聚合物材料为低密度聚乙烯。
5.如权利要求1所述的复合保温材料，其特征在于，所述气泡垫采用双层气泡，气泡直径10～30mm，气泡高度5～10mm。
6.根据权利要求1～5任一项所述的复合保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
在VMPET膜的PET面上涂胶，采用热压复合的方式将PVF膜贴合于所述PET面上，经熟化后得到所述基体膜；
将浸渍有胶液的尼龙网格线贴覆于基体膜中的镀铝面上，热压复合，得到所述铝塑复合膜；
将聚合物材料和纳米材料熔融，挤出成型，吸塑形成气泡膜；再与气泡垫热压复合，得到复合层；以及
将所述复合层热压复合于铝塑复合膜的尼龙网格线上，得到所述复合保温材料。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在基体膜的复合工艺中，涂胶的气压为0.1～0.4MPa，涂胶的厚度为30～40μm；复合的气压为0.4～0.7MPa，复合辊的温度为60～80℃；熟化温度为45～55℃，熟化时间为24～48h。
8.如权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在尼龙网格与基体膜的复合工艺中，浸渍胶液时胶液温度为20～25℃，浸渍时间为3～5s；热压温度为70～80℃，压强为0.4～0.5MPa，热压时间为5-15s。
9.如权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在聚合物发泡层的制备工艺中，加料段的温度为130～150℃，塑化段的温度为170～190℃，均化段的温度为200～220℃；
在聚合物发泡层与气泡垫的复合工艺中，真空辊的温度为160～180℃，真空度为0.03-0.05MPa。
10.如权利要求1～5任一项所述的复合保温材料在制备医用冷藏箱中的应用。
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