CN109666083B - Plant polysaccharide extraction device and method for extracting bletilla striata polysaccharide by using plant polysaccharide extraction device - Google Patents

Plant polysaccharide extraction device and method for extracting bletilla striata polysaccharide by using plant polysaccharide extraction device Download PDF

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CN109666083B
CN109666083B CN201910095591.8A CN201910095591A CN109666083B CN 109666083 B CN109666083 B CN 109666083B CN 201910095591 A CN201910095591 A CN 201910095591A CN 109666083 B CN109666083 B CN 109666083B
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cavity
bletilla striata
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crushing
extraction
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CN109666083A (en
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刘文明
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Guizhou Shengmao Bletilla Striata Development Co ltd
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08BPOLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0003General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass

Abstract

The scheme discloses a plant polysaccharide extraction device in the technical field of bletilla polysaccharide extraction, which comprises an extraction box, wherein the extraction box is internally provided with a closed cavity, a carrying plate is rotationally connected in the cavity, and filtering holes are uniformly distributed in the carrying plate; the wall body is provided with a storage cavity; the wall body is also rotatably connected with a stirring rod; a crushing cavity is arranged in the side wall of the cavity, and a slag channel is arranged between the crushing cavity and the cavity; a crushing rod is arranged in the crushing cavity, a spiral propelling piece is arranged on the crushing rod, one end of the crushing rod, which is positioned outside the extraction box, is fixedly connected with a motor, and a gear is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the motor; the wall body of the extraction box is also provided with a feed hole, and the feed hole is positioned right above the crushing cavity; the feeding hole is internally and slidably connected with a push plate, the top end of the push plate is fixedly connected with a push rod, the push rod is connected with a lifting rod, a rack is fixed on the lifting rod, and the rack is meshed with the gear. Plant polysaccharide extraction element in this scheme can show the extraction rate that improves tuber of hyacinth bletilla polysaccharide.

Description

Plant polysaccharide extraction device and method for extracting bletilla striata polysaccharide by using plant polysaccharide extraction device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bletilla striata polysaccharide extraction, and particularly relates to a plant polysaccharide extraction device and a method for extracting bletilla striata polysaccharide by using the same.
Background
The bletilla striata polysaccharide is a mucopolysaccharide extracted from bletilla striata, not only has the hemostatic effect, but also is a common preparation auxiliary material, can be used as a matrix material of various dosage forms, has the functions of mucoadhesion, adhesion, slow release, emulsification, encapsulation and the like, and is a good medicine carrier. The extraction method of rhizoma bletilla polysaccharide mainly comprises solvent extraction, acid extraction, alkali extraction, enzyme extraction, ultrafiltration, ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction, and CO extraction2Supercritical extraction, etc. The extraction and purification method and the process conditions seriously affect the properties and the efficacy of the obtained product. Wherein the solvent extraction method does not need special equipment and has low cost, and is the most common method; in the solvent extraction method, water is used as a solvent for extraction, because the influence on the property and efficacy of the bletilla striata polysaccharide is the lowest, the solvent extraction method is more common.
In the current extraction process of plant polysaccharide, most of the raw materials are crushed and then soaked in water, and then are filtered, concentrated and filtered to obtain the plant polysaccharide. However, the raw materials are firstly crushed and then soaked, so the operation is complicated. Meanwhile, water is used as a solvent for extraction, and polysaccharide wrapped in fiber and protein is difficult to dissolve out, so that the extraction rate of the plant polysaccharide is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plant polysaccharide extraction device, which is convenient for extracting plant polysaccharide and can be used for improving the extraction rate of bletilla striata polysaccharide.
The plant polysaccharide extraction device comprises an extraction box, wherein a closed cavity is formed in the extraction box, a carrying plate is rotationally connected in the cavity, and filtering holes are uniformly distributed in the carrying plate; a storage cavity for storing protease and cellulase is arranged on the wall body at the top of the cavity; the wall body at the top of the cavity is also rotationally connected with a stirring rod for stirring and extruding filter residue; a closed crushing cavity is arranged in the side wall of the cavity, and a material slag channel is arranged between the crushing cavity and the cavity; a crushing rod is arranged in the crushing cavity, a spiral propelling piece is arranged on the crushing rod, one end of the crushing rod, which is far away from the cavity, penetrates and extends out of the extraction box, one end of the crushing rod, which is positioned outside the extraction box, is fixedly connected with a motor for driving the crushing rod to rotate, and a gear is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the motor; a feeding hole is also formed in the wall body of the extraction box and is positioned right above the crushing cavity; the feed port is internally and slidably connected with a push plate, the outer edge of the push plate is attached to the side wall of the feed port, the top end of the push plate is fixedly connected with a push rod, the push rod is connected with a lifting rod, the lifting rod is fixedly connected with a vertically arranged rack, and the rack is meshed with the gear.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the scheme are as follows: during the use, put into the feed inlet with the material that need draw the polysaccharide, the starter motor, the motor drives crushing pole and rotates, and the spiral propulsion piece on the crushing pole smashes the material and impels it to the material sediment passageway, finally pushes the material sediment into in the cavity. In the process of motor rotation, the rack is driven to descend by gear rotation, and then the lifting rod and the push rod connected with the rack are driven to descend, so that the push plate can push materials until the push plate reaches the bottom of the feed hole, and the materials remained in the feed hole are avoided. After the material residues enter the cavity, protease and cellulase are put into the cavity, and the material residues are stirred by the stirring rod, so that protein and cellulose are decomposed, polysaccharide in the material residues is released, and the extraction rate of the polysaccharide is improved. After the protein and the cellulose in the material slag are decomposed, rotating the object carrying plate to enable the material slag on the object carrying plate to enter the lower part; meanwhile, clear water can be put into the cavity, and the polysaccharide in the material residue can be further dissolved out by the clear water. After the polysaccharide is dissolved out, the polysaccharide is taken out through a discharge hole communicated with the cavity.
Further, be equipped with the water tank on the wall body of drawing the case, the water tank intercommunication has the water pipe, and the water pipe is kept away from the one end intercommunication of water tank smash the chamber, is equipped with the water control valve on the water pipe. Through setting up water tank, water control valve and water pipe, smash the pole and smash the material with the in-process that promotes, the water tank can be to smashing the intracavity water injection, and then dissolve the polysaccharide in the material when smashing the material, be favorable to the extraction of polysaccharide.
Further, the bottom of storing the chamber is equipped with the play liquid hole with the cavity intercommunication, goes out the downthehole stopper that is equipped with of liquid, fixedly connected with bull stick on the stopper, the one end of bull stick extend draw the case outside and with draw case threaded connection. By arranging the plug head and the rotating rod, protease or cellulase can be put into the cavity by rotating the rotating rod; the use is more convenient.
Further, the bottom of the cavity is provided with a heating sheet. By arranging the heating sheet, water in the cavity can be heated, and the dissolution of polysaccharide is facilitated.
The method for extracting bletilla striata polysaccharide by using the plant polysaccharide extraction device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: throwing bletilla striata from a feed hole, starting a motor, and controlling the throwing speed to be 10-12 kg/h; and simultaneously, opening a water control valve to keep the ratio of the material to the liquid as 1: 10-1: 7;
step two: during the throwing of the bletilla striata, protease and cellulase are thrown into the object carrying plate once every 10-15 min, and when the protease and the cellulase are thrown, bletilla striata material residues are stirred uniformly through a stirring rod; the weight ratio of the protease and the cellulase to the bletilla striata is 1: 80-1: 60;
step three, keeping the heating temperature of the heating sheet at 35-50 ℃;
fourthly, after the bletilla striata material residues completely enter the object carrying plate for 1-2 hours, rotating the object carrying plate to enable the bletilla striata material residues to fall below the object carrying plate; standing for 2-3 h after the bletilla striata material residues fall;
step five: taking out the material standing in the cavity, cooling, and adding 95% ethanol under stirring to make the ethanol content reach 55-60%; then standing for 5-8 h;
step six: and (4) carrying out suction filtration on the standing material, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the bletilla striata polysaccharide.
The beneficial effect of this scheme: the feeding speed is controlled to be 10-12 kg/h through a motor, and the material-liquid ratio is controlled to be 1: 10 to 1:7, which is beneficial to the full contact of water and bletilla striata and ensures the initial dissolution rate of bletilla striata polysaccharide. Subsequently, protease and cellulase are added into the bletilla striata residue, so that polysaccharide wrapped in protein and cellulose is fully dissolved out, the dissolution rate of bletilla striata polysaccharide can be remarkably improved, the temperature is set to be 35-50 ℃, the activity of the protease and the cellulase is ensured, and the dissolution rate of the bletilla striata polysaccharide can be remarkably improved. The subsequent addition of ethanol further reduces the protein mixed in the bletilla striata polysaccharide and improves the purity of the bletilla striata polysaccharide.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plant polysaccharide extraction device of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises an extraction box 1, a rotating rod 2, a protease cavity 3, a rotating rod 4, a cover plate 5, a cellulose cavity 6, a feeding hole 7, a push rod 8, a lifting rod 9, a limiting plate 10, a push plate 11, a rack 12, a servo motor 13, a gear 14, a bearing 15, a water tank 16, a water control valve 17, a water pipe 18, a crushing rod 19, a spiral propelling piece 20, a material residue channel 21, a stirring rod 22, a carrying plate 23, a filtering hole 24, a cavity 25, a plug 26, a turnover rod 27 and a heating piece 28.
A plant polysaccharide extraction device is shown in figure 1: the device comprises an extraction box 1, wherein a closed cavity 25 is formed in the extraction box 1, an object carrying plate 23 is rotationally connected in the cavity 25, the object carrying plate 23 is fixedly connected with an overturning rod 27, and the overturning rod 27 extends out of the extraction box 1; filtering holes 24 are uniformly distributed on the carrying plate 23; the bottom of the cavity is provided with a heating sheet 28; a storage cavity for storing protease and cellulase is arranged on the wall body at the top of the cavity 25; a liquid outlet hole communicated with the cavity 25 is formed in the bottom of the storage cavity, a plug head is arranged in the liquid outlet hole, a rotating rod 2 is fixedly connected to the plug head, and one end of the rotating rod 2 extends out of the extraction box 1 and is in threaded connection with the extraction box 1; the storage cavity comprises a protease cavity 3 and a cellulase cavity 6; a stirring rod 22 for stirring and extruding filter residues is also rotatably connected to the wall body at the top of the cavity 25, a rotating rod 4 is fixedly connected to the stirring rod 22, and the rotating rod 4 extends out of the extraction box 1; a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the cavity 25, and a plug 26 is arranged in the discharge hole; a closed crushing cavity is arranged in the side wall of the cavity 25, and a material slag channel 21 is arranged between the crushing cavity and the cavity 25; a crushing rod 19 is arranged in the crushing cavity, a spiral propelling piece 20 is arranged on the crushing rod 19, one end, far away from the cavity 25, of the crushing rod 19 penetrates and extends out of the extraction box 1, a bearing 15 is arranged in the wall body of the extraction box 1, the crushing rod 19 is fixedly connected to the bearing 15, one end, located outside the extraction box 1, of the crushing rod 19 is fixedly connected with a servo motor 13 for driving the crushing rod to rotate, and a gear 14 is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the servo motor 13; a feed hole 7 is also formed in the wall body of the extraction box 1, and the feed hole 7 is positioned right above the crushing cavity; a push plate 11 is slidably connected in the feed hole 7, the outer edge of the push plate 11 is attached to the side wall of the feed hole 7, the top end of the push plate 11 is fixedly connected with a push rod 8, the push rod 8 is connected with a lifting rod 9, a vertically arranged rack 12 is fixedly connected to the lifting rod 9, and the rack 12 is meshed with the gear 14; the top of the extraction box 1 is provided with a cover plate 5 for sealing the storage cavity; a limiting plate 10 is arranged on the outer wall of the extraction box 1, and the lifting plate is connected to the limiting plate 10 in a sliding manner; a water tank 16 is arranged on the wall body of the extraction tank 1, a water pump is arranged in the water tank 16, the liquid outlet end of the water pump is communicated with a water pipe 18, one end of the water pipe 18 far away from the water tank 16 is communicated with the crushing cavity, and a water control valve 17 is arranged on the water pipe 18; the servo motor 13 is fixedly connected to the water tank 16.
Example 1:
a method for extracting bletilla striata polysaccharide by using a plant polysaccharide extraction device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: throwing bletilla striata from the feed hole 7, starting a motor, and controlling the throwing speed to be 11 kg/h; and meanwhile, opening the water control valve 17 to keep the ratio of the material to the liquid as 1: 10;
step two: during the throwing of the bletilla striata, protease and cellulase are thrown into the object carrying plate 23 once every 15min, and when the protease and the cellulase are thrown, bletilla striata material residues are uniformly stirred through the stirring rod 22; the weight ratio of the protease and the cellulase to the bletilla striata is 1: 70;
step three, keeping the heating temperature of the heating plate 28 at 38 ℃;
fourthly, after the bletilla striata material residues completely enter the object carrying plate for 232 hours, rotating the object carrying plate 23 to enable the bletilla striata material residues to fall below; standing for 3h after the bletilla striata residue falls;
step five: taking out the material after standing in the cavity 25, cooling, and adding 95% ethanol under stirring to make the ethanol content reach 60%; then standing for 6 h;
step six: and (4) carrying out suction filtration on the standing material, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the bletilla striata polysaccharide.
Example 2:
a method for extracting bletilla striata polysaccharide by using a plant polysaccharide extraction device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: throwing bletilla striata from the feed hole 7, starting a motor, and controlling the throwing speed to be 12 kg/h; simultaneously, opening a water control valve 17 and keeping the ratio of material to liquid at 1: 7;
step two: during the throwing of the bletilla striata, protease and cellulase are thrown into the object carrying plate 23 once every 13min, and when the protease and the cellulase are thrown, bletilla striata material residues are uniformly stirred by the stirring rod 22; the weight ratio of the protease and the cellulase to the bletilla striata is 1: 80;
step three, keeping the heating temperature of the heating plate 28 at 40 ℃;
fourthly, after the bletilla striata material residues completely enter the object carrying plate 231 h, rotating the object carrying plate 23 to enable the bletilla striata material residues to fall below; standing for 2h after the bletilla striata material residues fall;
step five: taking out the material after standing in the cavity 25, cooling, and adding 95% ethanol under stirring to make the ethanol content reach 55%; then standing for 8 hours;
step six: and (4) carrying out suction filtration on the standing material, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the bletilla striata polysaccharide.
Example 3:
a method for extracting bletilla striata polysaccharide by using a plant polysaccharide extraction device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: throwing bletilla striata from the feed hole 7, starting a motor, and controlling the throwing speed to be 10-12 kg/h; and meanwhile, opening the water control valve 17 to keep the ratio of the material to the liquid as 1: 10-1: 7, directly feeding bletilla striata residues to the bottom of the cavity 25;
step two, keeping the heating temperature of the heating plate 28 to be 35-50 ℃; standing for 12-13 h;
step three: taking out the material after standing in the cavity 25, cooling, and adding 95% ethanol under stirring to make the ethanol content reach 60%; then standing for 6 h;
step four: and (4) carrying out suction filtration on the standing material, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the bletilla striata polysaccharide.
And (3) experimental comparison: adopting an anthrone-sulfuric acid method to measure total sugar, and adopting a 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid method to measure reducing sugar; polysaccharide is total sugar-reducing sugar, and glucose is used as a standard (correction coefficient 0.9). Soluble protein was determined by Bradford's Coomassie Brilliant blue G-250 method using bovine serum albumin as a standard protein. The data are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0001964451930000051
as can be seen from the table, the extraction rate of bletilla striata polysaccharide in examples 1 to 2 is significantly higher than that in example 3, and the protein content is also significantly reduced.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a bletilla striata polysaccharide extraction element which characterized in that: the device comprises an extraction box, wherein a closed cavity is formed in the extraction box, a carrying plate is rotationally connected in the cavity, and filtering holes are uniformly distributed in the carrying plate; a storage cavity for storing protease and cellulase is arranged on the wall body at the top of the cavity; the wall body at the top of the cavity is also rotationally connected with a stirring rod for stirring and extruding filter residue; a closed crushing cavity is arranged in the side wall of the cavity, and a material slag channel is arranged between the crushing cavity and the cavity; a crushing rod is arranged in the crushing cavity, a spiral propelling piece is arranged on the crushing rod, one end of the crushing rod, which is far away from the cavity, penetrates and extends out of the extraction box, one end of the crushing rod, which is positioned outside the extraction box, is fixedly connected with a motor for driving the crushing rod to rotate, and a gear is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the motor; a feeding hole is also formed in the wall body of the extraction box and is positioned right above the crushing cavity; the feed port is internally and slidably connected with a push plate, the outer edge of the push plate is attached to the side wall of the feed port, the top end of the push plate is fixedly connected with a push rod, the push rod is connected with a lifting rod, the lifting rod is fixedly connected with a vertically arranged rack, and the rack is meshed with the gear.
2. The bletilla striata polysaccharide extraction device of claim 1, wherein: the wall body of the extraction box is provided with a water tank which is communicated with a water pipe, one end of the water pipe, far away from the water tank, is communicated with the crushing cavity, and the water pipe is provided with a water control valve.
3. The bletilla striata polysaccharide extraction device of claim 2, wherein: the bottom of storage chamber is equipped with the play liquid hole with the cavity intercommunication, goes out the downthehole stopper that is equipped with of liquid, fixedly connected with bull stick on the stopper, the one end of bull stick extend draw the case outside and with draw case threaded connection.
4. The bletilla striata polysaccharide extraction device of claim 3, wherein: and a heating sheet is arranged at the bottom of the cavity.
5. The method for extracting bletilla striata polysaccharide by using bletilla striata polysaccharide extraction device according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: throwing bletilla striata from a feed hole, starting a motor, and controlling the throwing speed to be 10-12 kg/h; and simultaneously, opening a water control valve to keep the ratio of the material to the liquid as 1: 10-1: 7;
step two: during the throwing of the bletilla striata, protease and cellulase are thrown into the object carrying plate once every 10-15 min, and when the protease and the cellulase are thrown, bletilla striata material residues are stirred uniformly through a stirring rod; the weight ratio of the protease and the cellulase to the bletilla striata is 1: 80-1: 60;
step three, keeping the heating temperature of the heating sheet at 35-50 ℃;
fourthly, after the bletilla striata material residues completely enter the object carrying plate for 1-2 hours, rotating the object carrying plate to enable the bletilla striata material residues to fall below the object carrying plate; standing for 2-3 h after the bletilla striata material residues fall;
step five: taking out the material standing in the cavity, cooling, and adding 95% ethanol under stirring to make the ethanol content reach 55-60%; then standing for 5-8 h;
step six: and (4) carrying out suction filtration on the standing material, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the bletilla striata polysaccharide.
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