CN109662085A - A kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode applies method - Google Patents
A kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode applies method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109662085A CN109662085A CN201811610502.0A CN201811610502A CN109662085A CN 109662085 A CN109662085 A CN 109662085A CN 201811610502 A CN201811610502 A CN 201811610502A CN 109662085 A CN109662085 A CN 109662085A
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- dry ice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
- A01M17/002—Injection of toxic gases or fluids into the soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of eliminations of gathering for soil nematodes to apply method, belongs to the technical field of soil nematodes prevention and treatment, this method comprises the following steps: A, by column sowing plant in greenhouse；B, it waters in greenhouse to soil, closed greenhouse carries out close plastic shed, and the close plastic shed time is 7-10 days；C, it opens greenhouse and carries out heat release；D, it ditched to the native table in greenhouse, apply coolant and earthing, decline the soil moisture instantaneously, ditching depth 15-20cm；The present invention gathers nematode in plant root, can no matter adult, larva or cyst can be killed effectively by the nematode in plastic shed soil by the way of cold and hot combination, the female nematode to survive by sheer good luck ateliosis in the environment of high temperature, fertility is impaired, the probability of soil line insect pest recurrence is reduced, while the method reduce the use of medicament, reducing the damage to soil, securely and reliably, pollution-free.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of plastic shed soil control of nematode, are related to a kind of method for preventing and treating plastic shed soil nematode,
Specifically a kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode applies method.(
Background technique
Nematode in soil is a kind of omnivorousness plant pathogeny line insect of height specialized form, using aerobic respiration.Nematode master
The root for endangering various vegetables shows as forming the white root nodule that spherical or cone differs in size on the fibrous root of young root,
Some is in beads shape.Killed strain overground part growth is short and small, slow, leaf color is abnormal, as a result few, low output, or even plant is caused to mention
Early dead, nematode already becomes one kind " cancer " of planting vegetable in greenhouse.Nematode, which is mainly distributed, concentrates 0-20cm in the soil
Soil layer, 15-30 DEG C be nematode suitable growth the bread worm, lower than the 10 DEG C then suspend mode in the form of cyst, temperature reaches 10 DEG C
When above, ovum can hatch larva, and 40 DEG C or more high temperature and 5 DEG C or less low temperature are that can inhibit incubating for its larvae alive and cyst
Change, the low temperature for having research to invent 0-5 DEG C can kill southern nematode larval, but cannot kill ovum (i.e. cyst), and cyst adapts to severe
The ability of environment is stronger, is easy recurrence.The control method of existing nematode, which has, is sprayed to soil, fumigated and is turned over burning etc., but
It is to spray, fumigate, will increase using and remaining for pesticide, cannot removes；And burning higher cost is turned over, it is only applied to crop field at present.
Therefore the problem of how nematode in soil being brought to together and is caught all in one draft as urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
To solve problems of the prior art, gather elimination for plastic shed soil nematode the present invention provides a kind of
Method is applied, by gathering nematode under the attraction of plant root by column by column plantation specified plant, becomes what deinsectization applied
Target applies convenient for targetedly carrying out region, and work area and deinsectization are effectively reduced under the premise of guaranteeing deinsectization rate
Cost.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode applies method, it is characterised in that: this method comprises the following steps:
A, by column sowing plant in greenhouse；
B, it waters into greenhouse, closed greenhouse carries out close plastic shed；
C, it opens greenhouse and carries out heat release；
D, the arrangement along the root of plant is ditched, sows dry ice, sprays liquid nitrogen, is then covered to dry ice, liquid nitrogen
Soil.
The plant is water spinach, the usage amount of the dry ice is 80-150kg/ mus, and the usage amount of liquid nitrogen is 80-
120kg/ mus.
Harvest time in the step A chooses annual 7-8 month, and temperature reaches 60-80 DEG C in greenhouse.
The time of close plastic shed is 7-10 days in the step B.
Ditching depth in the step D is 15-20cm.
It ditched in the step D using trench digging sowing apparatus, sow dry ice, spraying liquid nitrogen and earthing operation, institute
The trench digging sowing apparatus stated includes driving unit, walker, the traveling wheel being set on walker and the edge walking on walker
Furrowing blade group that direction is set gradually, dry ice sows unit, liquid nitrogen sows unit and molding unit, and the dry ice sows unit
Including dry ice storage box, the dry ice efferent duct being connect with dry ice storage box, the liquid nitrogen sow unit include liquid nitrogen storage tank,
The liquid nitrogen efferent duct being connect with liquid nitrogen storage tank.
It is provided with dry ice particles in the dry ice storage box, is provided with discharge chamber below dry ice storage box, dry ice is deposited
The discharge port of storage tank is located in discharge chamber and connect by seed wheel with dry ice efferent duct, the line shaft of the seed wheel and
The power output end of driving unit connects.
The liquid nitrogen efferent duct is connected by the top of liquid nitrogen pump and liquid nitrogen storage tank and its liquid outlet is downward.
The molding unit is earthing disk.
The overlay film unit being additionally provided on the walker on rear side of molding unit.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: inducing nematode by column sowing plant in greenhouse by the root of plant, making soil
In nematode gather in the root of plant, the aggregation position of nematode is arranged along the root of plant in file, band root operation.It will be to soil
The suppressing method of earth nematode is divided into two big steps, the specially combination of close plastic shed and rapid cooling, first carries out close plastic shed to greenhouse first,
The temperature in greenhouse is increased, and then improves the temperature of soil, part adult, larva are killed, while during heating
The hatching of cyst is excited, even if not being adjusted to by the physiological function of adult, larva body under high temperature environment that high temperature kills
Highest state then carries out heat release to greenhouse, reduces the temperature in greenhouse, enters convenient for staff, prevents heatstroke from generating,
The evaporation rate for reducing coolant simultaneously carries out ditching along plant root after heat release, sows and bury coolant, then
Earthing, coolant rapidly cool to the soil of high temperature, make to gather the physiological function in plant root in highest
The nematode of state is caused irreversible injury to it by quick refrigeration, and the burial of soil reduces the heat absorption speed of coolant
Degree, makes the prolonged low temperature of soil conservation, sufficiently cools down to nematode, the present invention can be promoted greatly by the way of cold and hot combination
Cyst is hatched as early as possible as larva in canopy, and then by it, no matter adult, larva can effectively be killed, even if having adult by sheer good luck not by
It kills, then female nematode ateliosis in the environment of high temperature, reduces and even lose fertility, reduce soil line insect pest
The probability of recurrence, while the method reduce the use of chemical agent, the damage to soil is reduced, it is securely and reliably, pollution-free,
The nematode dispersed in soil is gathered using the root of plant, the soil area that targetedly nematode is gathered convenient for staff
Domain carries out sowing coolant, without sowing coolant completely to the soil in greenhouse, under the premise of not influencing deinsectization rate
The amount of labour is greatly reduced, the escape of nematode is reduced, reduces deinsectization cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the planting patterns of plant in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of trench digging sowing apparatus in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of trench digging sowing apparatus in embodiment 4.
In attached drawing, 0, greenhouse, 1, walker, 2, traveling wheel, 3, furrowing blade group, 4, dry ice storage box, 5, dry ice efferent duct,
6, liquid nitrogen storage tank, 7, liquid nitrogen efferent duct, 8, dry ice particles, 9, discharge chamber, 10, discharge port, 11, seed wheel, 12, earthing
Disk, 13, overlay film unit, 14, plant.
Specific embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of eliminations of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode to apply method, right combined with specific embodiments below
The present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1, this method comprises the following steps:
A, as shown in Figure 1, by column sowing water spinach in greenhouse 0；Plant 14 in the embodiment of the present invention is water spinach,
Water spinach belongs to the leaf vegetables of short strain class, convenient for the entrance of the trench digging sowing apparatus in later period, grows week compared to grape, passion fruit etc.
Phase is short, at low cost and without removing tendril frame body, and on the other hand, the resistance to sweltering heat of water spinach, being suitable for summer grows.
B, the soil of water spinach root is detected, shows that nematode gathers in sky when there is cyst formation in water spinach root
Heart dish root then shows to be suitable for close plastic shed operation, according to the adjustment control close plastic shed time in the period for being seeded into cyst formation in 7 months
It waters in greenhouse 0 to soil in ten days, soil moisture is maintained at 80-85%, and closed greenhouse 0 carries out close plastic shed, in greenhouse 0
For temperature up to 60-80 DEG C, the close plastic shed time is 10 days；20 DEG C or more of the soil moisture can promote the egg hatching in cyst, adult
And the larva non-refractory after hatching, protect high temperature in long-time close plastic shed, larva, adult physical function be damaged, it is bored
The nematode of half or so in soil can be about killed after canopy；
C, it opens greenhouse 0 and carries out heat release, Exotherm Time 1h；
D, it ditched using trench digging sowing apparatus to arrangement of the native table along water spinach root in greenhouse 0, apply cooling
Material and earthing, decline the soil moisture instantaneously, ditching depth 15cm, and wherein coolant is dry ice and liquid nitrogen, dry ice
Usage amount is 80kg/ mus, and the usage amount of liquid nitrogen is 120kg/ mus.Nematode is gathered in its root by the plantation of water spinach, to the later period
The prevention and treatment of insect pest forms target, reduces prevention and treatment range, convenient for targetedly being operated, reduces trench digging operation and cooling material
The dosage of material simultaneously can effectively catch all in one draft nematode.
E, overlay film is carried out to the soil in greenhouse 0, certain barrier effect is played to dry ice, distributing for liquid nitrogen in soil,
Make the cooling space of Zinc fractions relative closure, effectively extends the soil cooling time, the time of dry ice and the cooling soil of liquid nitrogen
Up to 24-48h.
Wherein dry ice evaporation rate is slow, and liquid nitrogen evaporation rate is fast, and liquid nitrogen makes soil cool down suddenly, and dry ice persistently cools down simultaneously
Extraneous oxygen and soil are separated, oxygen content in soil is reduced, nematode is made not have enough oxygen to be breathed, the two cooperation
So that soil is sharply cooled down and keep cooling for a long time, freezing improvement is carried out to nematode.On the other hand, dry ice, liquid nitrogen volatilization process
Middle soil absorption carbon, nitrogen, facilitate the accumulation of nutritional ingredient in soil.
This method makes the soil in greenhouse 0 quick refrigeration and holding 24-48h cooling time after long-time high temperature, makes
A part of adult, larva are killed in high temperature, are not adjusted to highest state by the physiological function for the part that high temperature is killed, this
When the soil moisture sharply decline, powerful killing power is generated to the nematode of remainder.
Test data shows, every 1000-1500 nematode after treatment by using the treatment method, pedo relict about 26-29 head, residual wires
The fertility of worm reduces 50%.
The region being directed in the present embodiment is the large-scale or greenhouse area on level land, which is towed broadcast
Spread machine, as shown in Fig. 2, wherein walker 1 be tractor, furrowing blade group 3, dry ice sow unit, liquid nitrogen sow unit by
Hanger bracket is connect with tractor.Furrowing blade group 3 includes that circumferentially trench digging of the array arrangement in shaft is arranged in shaft and one group
The power intake of shovel, shaft is connected by the power output end of transmission belt, driving wheel and driving unit.
When work, start tractor, driving unit is the engine on tractor, there are dry ice particles in dry ice storage box 4
8, discharge chamber 9 is provided with below dry ice storage box 4, the discharge port 10 of dry ice storage box 4 is located in discharge chamber 9 and by row
Kind wheel 11 is connect with dry ice efferent duct 5, and the center of seed wheel 11 is fixed with the line shaft through discharge chamber 9, and line shaft is going out
Expect the freedom degree for having along itself rotation on chamber 9, the end of the line shaft of seed wheel 11 by driving belt, belt pulley and subtracts
The power output end of fast device connects, and the power end of retarder connect with the power output end with engine, controls by retarder
The revolving speed of seed wheel 11 and the speed for sowing dry ice particles 8, the volume of dry ice particles 8 are about niblet or golden jujube size.
Liquid nitrogen is stored in liquid nitrogen storage tank 6, liquid nitrogen efferent duct 7 is connect by liquid nitrogen pump with the top of liquid nitrogen storage tank 6 and it goes out liquid
Mouth downwards, is provided with blow valve, pressure charging valve, pressure gauge and tapping valve on liquid nitrogen storage tank 6, liquid nitrogen efferent duct 7 and tapping valve connect
It connects, when sowing liquid nitrogen, closes blow valve, open pressure charging valve, observe pressure gauge, after pressure rises to specified value, open drain
Valve, the liquid nitrogen in liquid nitrogen storage tank 6 are discharged by liquid nitrogen efferent duct 7, and what is utilized is to generate pressure using liquid nitrogen gasification a small amount of in tank
Power makes 6 automatic-discharging liquid nitrogen of liquid nitrogen storage tank.
Driver's plowing tractor is walked, and furrowing blade group 3 first ditches to soil in walking process, and seed wheel 11 is passing
It rotates, the dry ice particles leukorrhagia in dry ice storage box 4 is fallen into dry ice efferent duct 5, dry ice storage box under the action of dynamic belt
4 bottom is back taper, is gathered in dry ice particles at discharge port 10, and convenient for falling, discharge chamber 9 is seal thermal-insulation box, is done
The feed inlet of ice efferent duct 5 is in discharge chamber 9, and discharge port stretches out seal thermal-insulation box towards soil, and dry ice particles are defeated by dry ice
Outlet pipe 5 is fallen into ditch, precool to soil while during gasification by soil and oxygen-barrier, dry ice particles and dry
Ice sow unit setting convenient for dry ice sow and can the amount of sowing to dry ice control.
Liquid nitrogen is provided by liquid nitrogen storage tank 6 in ditch after then applying dry ice particles, the soil moisture through dry ice pre-cooling drops
It is low, the gasification rate after liquid nitrogen is contacted with soil is slowed down, subsequent molding unit carries out earthing to the ditch that furrowing blade group 3 is opened, covers
Native unit is earthing disk 12, which is formed by two in the disk that angle comes closer, the top setting of earthing disk 12
There is a spring, spring upper end is connect with hanger bracket, and spring suppresses downwards earthing disk 12, and earthing disk 12 is by ditch two sides
Soil closes up on one wire, carries out covering burial to dry ice, liquid nitrogen, slows down the gasification rate of dry ice, liquid nitrogen, when keeping soil long
Between keep the state of cooling.
The overlay film unit 13 positioned at 12 rear side of earthing disk is additionally provided on walker 1, overlay film unit 13 is done to in soil
Ice, distributing for liquid nitrogen play certain barrier effect, make the cooling space of Zinc fractions relative closure, and it is cooling effectively to extend soil
Time.13 plastic mulching machines of overlay film unit, further, the two sides of plastic mulching machine once-through operation institute covering film are located at sky
Heart colza plants the two sides of column, effectively coats the coolant that trench digging applies.
As a further improvement, the mulch in the embodiment of the present invention in overlay film unit 13 is coloured mulch, coloured mulch
It is milky for upper surface, the mulch or black mulch film that lower surface is black, sunlight can be reflected, reduces ground
Temperature, prevents mulch light transmission under irradiation by sunlight and soil moisture ramp-up rate is too fast.
The trench digging sowing apparatus ditched, sowed by machinery, in a manner of earthing, overlay film instead of manual operation, working efficiency
Height saves manual labor, can rapidly sow in soil cooling raw material, reduce the temperature of soil in same greenhouse 0
Difference makes soil while cooling down, and enhances the inhibitory effect to nematode.
Embodiment 2 is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that only, a kind of suppressing method of plastic shed soil nematode, should
Method includes the following steps:
A, by column sowing water spinach in greenhouse 0；
B, according to the adjustment control close plastic shed time in the period for being seeded into cyst formation in latter stage in July, to soil in greenhouse 0
It waters, soil moisture is maintained at 80-85%, and closed greenhouse 0 carries out close plastic shed, and the temperature in greenhouse 0 is bored up to 60-80 DEG C
The canopy time is 7 days；
C, it opens greenhouse 0 and carries out heat release, Exotherm Time 2h；
D, it ditched to the native table in greenhouse 0, apply coolant and earthing, decline the soil moisture instantaneously, ditched
Depth is 18cm, and wherein coolant is dry ice and liquid nitrogen, and the usage amount of dry ice is 150kg/ mus, and the usage amount of liquid nitrogen is
100kg/ mus.
E, overlay film is carried out to the soil in greenhouse.
Test data shows that every 1000-1500 nematode is after the processing, pedo relict 16-20 head, and residual nematode is numerous
Growing ability reduces by 70%.
Embodiment 3, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, it the difference is that only, a kind of suppressing method of plastic shed soil nematode,
This method comprises the following steps:
A, by column sowing water spinach in greenhouse 0；
B, according to the adjustment control close plastic shed time in the period for being seeded into cyst formation in mid-August, to soil in greenhouse 0
It waters, soil moisture is maintained at 80-85%, and closed greenhouse 0 carries out close plastic shed, and the temperature in greenhouse 0 is up to 60-80 DEG C of close plastic shed
Time is 8 days；
C, it opens greenhouse 0 and carries out heat release, Exotherm Time 3h；
D, it ditched to the native table in greenhouse 0, apply coolant and earthing, decline the soil moisture instantaneously, ditched
Depth is 20cm, and wherein coolant is dry ice and liquid nitrogen, and the usage amount of dry ice is 130kg/ mus, and the usage amount of liquid nitrogen is
110kg/ mus.
Test data shows that every 1000-1500 nematode is after the processing, pedo relict 22-25 head, and residual nematode is numerous
The ability of growing reduces 60%.
Embodiment 2 not only has more thoroughly killing power to nematode, in example 2 compared with embodiment 1, embodiment 3
Dry ice, liquid nitrogen burying depth be also more favorable for retention of the soil to microelement.
Embodiment 4 is another embodiment of trench digging sowing apparatus, as shown in figure 3, being only that the planting machine is with place
Hand-held planting machine, wherein walker 1 be hand tractor, furrowing blade group, dry ice sow unit, liquid nitrogen sow unit by
Bracket is connect with tractor.Hand-held planting machine is small in size, dexterous light, in the greenhouse 0 for easily entering small-sized or earth's surface recess
Carry out operation.
A kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode of the present invention applies method, effectively reduces chemicals
Utilization, the life condition of nematode is destroyed in the way of hot and cold alternation, inhibit nematode existence, breeding, with prior art phase
It is more thorough than desinsection, it is safe and harmless；Being gathered the nematode in soil using plantation water spinach is made in the root of water spinach to soil
The elimination of earth nematode has target, with more region specific aim when sowing cooling raw material.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode applies method, it is characterised in that: this method comprises the following steps:
A, by column sowing plant (14) in greenhouse (0)；
B, it waters in greenhouse (0), closed greenhouse carries out close plastic shed；
C, it opens greenhouse (0) and carries out heat release；
D, the arrangement along the root of plant (14) is ditched, sows dry ice, sprays liquid nitrogen, is then covered to dry ice, liquid nitrogen
Soil.
2. a kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode according to claim 1 applies method, it is characterised in that: institute
The plant (14) stated is water spinach, and the usage amount of the dry ice is 80-150kg/ mus, and the usage amount of liquid nitrogen is 80-120kg/
Mu.
3. a kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode according to claim 1 applies method, it is characterised in that: institute
The progress time of the step B stated chooses annual 7-8 month, and greenhouse (0) interior temperature reaches 60-80 DEG C.
4. a kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode according to claim 1 applies method, it is characterised in that: institute
The time of close plastic shed is 7-10 days in the step B stated.
5. a kind of elimination of gathering for soil nematodes according to claim 1 applies method, it is characterised in that: described
Ditching depth in step D is 15-20cm.
6. a kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode according to claim 1 applies method, it is characterised in that: institute
It ditched in the step D stated using trench digging sowing apparatus, sow dry ice, spraying liquid nitrogen and earthing operates, the trench digging broadcasts
Spread device include driving unit, walker (1), the traveling wheel (2) being set on walker (1) and on walker (1) along row
Walk that furrowing blade group (3) that direction sets gradually, dry ice sows unit, liquid nitrogen sows unit and molding unit, the dry ice is broadcast
Spreading unit includes dry ice storage box (4), the dry ice efferent duct (5) connecting with dry ice storage box (4), and the liquid nitrogen sows unit
Including liquid nitrogen storage tank (6), the liquid nitrogen efferent duct (7) being connect with liquid nitrogen storage tank (6).
7. a kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode according to claim 6 applies method, it is characterised in that: institute
It is provided with dry ice particles (8) in the dry ice storage box (4) stated, is provided with discharge chamber (9), dry ice below dry ice storage box (4)
The discharge port (10) of storage box (4) is located in discharge chamber (9) and connect by seed wheel (11) with dry ice efferent duct (5), institute
The line shaft for the seed wheel (11) stated and the power output end of driving unit connect.
8. a kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode according to claim 6 applies method, it is characterised in that: institute
The liquid nitrogen efferent duct (7) stated is connect by liquid nitrogen pump with the top of liquid nitrogen storage tank (6) and its liquid outlet is downward.
9. a kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode according to claim 6 applies method, it is characterised in that: institute
The molding unit stated is earthing disk (12).
10. a kind of elimination of gathering for plastic shed soil nematode according to claim 6 applies method, it is characterised in that:
The overlay film unit (13) being additionally provided on the walker (1) on rear side of molding unit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811610502.0A CN109662085B (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2018-12-27 | Gathering and eliminating planting method for greenhouse soil nematodes |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811610502.0A CN109662085B (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2018-12-27 | Gathering and eliminating planting method for greenhouse soil nematodes |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109662085A true CN109662085A (en) | 2019-04-23 |
| CN109662085B CN109662085B (en) | 2021-12-21 |
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| CN109662085B (en) | 2021-12-21 |
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