CN109651294A - 一种1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及药物化学领域,公开了一种1,4‑二胺萘衍生物及其制备方法和应用。式(I)所示的1,4‑二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物,其中,L1和L2各自选自O、S和NH;n为0、1、2、3、4或5;R1选自氢、C1‑C8烷基和C3‑C7环烷基;R2选自氢、C1‑C8烷基、被取代的C1‑C8烷基、C3‑C7环烷基、被取代的C3‑C7环烷基、芳基、被取代的芳基、杂芳基和被取代的杂芳基;R3选自氢、C1‑C8烷基和C3‑C7环烷基。本发明的化合物对MD‑MBA‑231乳腺癌细胞的IC50与索拉菲尼在相当的数量级,有些化合物明显优于索拉菲尼。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学领域,具体涉及一种1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来的临床和基础医学研究结果证实,肿瘤的发生发展和转移依赖于新生血管的形成。肿瘤血管生成是肿瘤细胞、血管内皮细胞、血管细胞外基质等相互作用的结果。其中血管内皮生长因子VEFG(vascular endothelial growth factor)的生物功能在血管生成中处于关键地位。
大多数细胞生长因子受体含有酪氨酸激酶的肽链序列,许多肿瘤中可见不同酪氨酸激酶受体的过表达或激活。根据肽链序列的相似性及其结构上的特点,这些受体又被分成若干家族:1、表皮生长因子受体家族,包括EGFR、HER-2、HER-3、HER-4等,此类受体的高表达常见于上皮细胞肿瘤;2、胰岛素受体家族,包括胰岛素受体、胰岛素样生长因子受体(IGF-R)和胰岛素相关受体(IRR)等,在血癌中常见于此类受体的高表达;3、血小板衍生生长因子受体家族(PDGFR),包括PDGFR-α、PDEFR-β、CSF-1R、c-Kit等,此类受体在脑肿瘤、血癌中常见高表达;4、成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR),包括FGFR-1、FGFR-2、FGFR-3、FGFR-4等,此类受体在血管生成方面其重要作用;5、血管内皮细胞生长因子受体(VEGFR),包括VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2、VEGFR-3,是血管生成的重要正性调节因子。
血管内皮生长因子(VEFG)是主要作用于血管内皮细胞的生长因子,具有促进内皮细胞增殖、增加微血管通透性、诱导血管生成等多种功能。肿瘤的形成及发展大体可分为两个阶段,即肿瘤细胞的克隆性增殖阶段及继而的血管形成促进肿瘤持续生长的阶段。VEGF作用于自身已有的血管网内皮细胞,使其分化而形成新的血管。新血管不仅为肿瘤细胞的物质交换提供基础,亦可旁分泌一些细胞因子促进肿瘤细胞的增殖;同时由于新生血管的管壁结构缺乏完整性,内皮细胞之间连接松散,基底膜厚薄不一、断裂或缺损,肿瘤细胞易于进入血管腔而发生血行侵袭和转移。因而VEGF与肿瘤的生长和转移关系密切。VEGF可在健康人体的多数组织中检出,但表达量甚微,在许多肿瘤(尤其实体瘤)中则出现高表达,例如:肝癌、脑肿瘤、乳腺癌及肾癌组织中。由于实体瘤的生长和转移对新生血管的依赖性,因此VEGF是阻断实体瘤血管形成比较理想的靶部位。VEGFR是一种可扩散的血管内皮特异性有丝分裂素和血管生长因子受体,在生理性和病理性血管形成过程中起关键作用,能抑制内皮细胞凋亡。该家族包括VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2、VEGFR-3。目前普遍认为VEGF与VEGFR-2结合后引起VEGFR-2形成二聚体诱使酪氨酸激酶介导的磷酸化,并进一步激活相关下游信号转到通路。
近几年,多种靶向于VEGFR的药物如Sunitinib、Sorafenib、Pazopanib等被批准用于各种肿瘤的治疗。尽管这些肿瘤血管生成抑制剂有着很大的优势,但是实际应用仍存在部分肿瘤对血管的新生依赖性不强、突变及肿瘤信号转导的代偿性导致的耐药、不良反应和毒性等问题。因此进一步开发选择性更强、活性更高且毒性更小的小分子蛋白激酶抑制剂任然非常必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其制备方法和应用。
本发明提供了一种式(I)所示的1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物,
其中,L1和L2各自选自O、S和NH;
n为0、1、2、3、4或5;
R1选自氢、C1-C8烷基和C3-C7环烷基;
R2选自氢、C1-C8烷基、被取代的C1-C8烷基、C3-C7环烷基、被取代的C3-C7环烷基、芳基、被取代的芳基、杂芳基和被取代的杂芳基;
R3选自氢、C1-C8烷基和C3-C7环烷基;
R4选自C3-C7杂环烷基、被取代的C3-C7杂环烷基、芳基、被取代的芳基、杂芳基和被取代的杂芳基。
本发明还提供了一种制备式(I)所示的1,4-二胺萘衍生物的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(1)所示的化合物进行脱烷基反应,得到式(2)所示的化合物;
(b)使式(2)所示的化合物进行亲核取代反应,得到式(3)所示的化合物;
(c)在过氧化氢叔丁醇和氢氧化钾的存在下,在式(3)所示的化合物中引入羟基,得到式(4)所示的化合物;
(d)使式(4)所示的化合物发生取代反应,得到式(5)所示的化合物;
(e)使式(5)所示的化合物与氨基取代物发生亲和取代反应,得到式(6)所示的化合物;
(f)使式(6)所示的化合物进行氢化还原反应,得到目标化合物;
其中,X为卤素,L1、L2、n、R1、R2、R3和R4的定义与前文定义相同。
本发明还提供了上述1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物在制备表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂中的应用。
本发明还提供了上述1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防哺乳动物中于表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶相关疾病的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了上述1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物在制备用于治疗肿瘤疾病的药物中的应用。
本发明所述的1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物可用作表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,可用于治疗和/或预防哺乳动物中于表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶相关疾病,还可用于治疗肿瘤疾病。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
本发明提供了式(I)所示的1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物,
其中,L1和L2各自选自O、S和NH,优选为O;
n为0、1、2、3、4或5;
R1选自氢、C1-C8烷基和C3-C7环烷基;
R2选自氢、C1-C8烷基、被取代的C1-C8烷基(如卤代烷基)、C3-C7环烷基、被取代的C3-C7环烷基(如卤代环烷基)、芳基、被取代的芳基(如卤代芳基)、杂芳基和被取代的杂芳基(如卤代杂芳基);
R3选自氢、C1-C8烷基和C3-C7环烷基;
R4选自C3-C7杂环烷基、被取代的C3-C7杂环烷基(如卤代杂环烷基)、芳基、被取代的芳基(如卤代芳基)、杂芳基和被取代的杂芳基(如卤代杂芳基)。
在一种优选的实施方式中,在式(I)中,R1为氢,R2选自芳基、被取代的芳基、杂芳基和被取代的杂芳基。
在另一种优选的实施方式中,在式(I)中,L为O,n为3,R3选自氢、甲基和乙基,R4选自吗啉、哌啶、吡咯烷和哌嗪。
在具体的实施方式中,所述1,4-二胺萘衍生物的结构式为:
本发明还提供了一种制备式(I)所示的1,4-二胺萘衍生物的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(1)所示的化合物进行脱烷基反应,得到式(2)所示的化合物;
(b)使式(2)所示的化合物进行亲核取代反应,得到式(3)所示的化合物;
(c)在过氧化氢叔丁醇和氢氧化钾的存在下,在式(3)所示的化合物中引入羟基,得到式(4)所示的化合物;
(d)使式(4)所示的化合物发生取代反应,得到式(5)所示的化合物;
(e)使式(5)所示的化合物与氨基取代物发生亲和取代反应,得到式(6)所示的化合物;
(f)使式(6)所示的化合物进行氢化还原反应,得到目标化合物;
其中,X为卤素,L1、L2、n、R1、R2、R3和R4的定义与前文的定义相同。
在步骤(a)中,优选地,所述脱烷基反应在L-蛋氨酸的存在下进行,所用的溶剂为甲磺酸,反应温度为85-95℃。
在步骤(b)中,优选地,所述亲核取代反应在碱性条件下进行,反应温度为75-85℃。
优选地,步骤(c)的反应在过氧化氢叔丁醇和氢氧化钾的存在下进行,反应温度为0±5℃。
在一种具体实施方式中,式(I)所示的1,4-二胺萘衍生物的制备方法的工艺路线如下:
具体的制备过程包括:以6,7-二甲氧基-1-硝基萘为起始原料,在L-蛋氨酸存在下、于甲磺酸溶剂中脱甲基,再与3-氯丙基吗啉在碱性条件下发生威廉姆逊反应,得到的中间体在过氧化氢叔丁醇和氢氧化钾存在下引入一个羟基,再与五氯化磷发生取代反应,接着再与各种氨基取代物发生亲和取代,然后再经过氢化还原得到目标化合物。
本发明还提供了上述1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物在制备表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂中的应用。
本发明还提供了上述1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防哺乳动物中于表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶相关疾病的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了上述1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物在制备用于治疗肿瘤疾病的药物中的应用。
术语说明
本发明的“烷基”是指直链或支链的饱和烃基,优选为C1-C6烷基,进一步优先为C1-C3烷基,合适的C1-C3烷基为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基。
本发明的“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘,优选为氟或氯,最优选为氯。
本发明的“卤代烷基”、“卤代环烷基”、“卤代芳基”、“卤代杂芳基”和“卤代杂环烷基”分别是指至少被一个卤素取代的烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基和杂环烷基。所述卤代烷基例如可以为卤代C1-C6烷基。
本发明的“溶剂合物”是指与溶剂缔合,通常是通过溶剂分解反应缔合的化合物的形式。常规的溶剂包括水、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸、DMSO、THF、乙醚等。合适的溶剂合物包括药学上可接受的溶剂合物并且还包括化学计量溶剂合物和非化学剂量溶剂合物这两者。如果是水,则溶剂合物被称作水合物,例如一水合物、二水合物、三水合物等。
本发明的“药学上可接受的盐”是指那些在合理的医学判断的范围内适用于与人类和低等动物的组织接触而没有不适当的毒性、刺激性、过敏反应等并且与合理的效益/风险比相称的盐。
本发明的“肿瘤疾病”包括但不限于听神经瘤、腺癌、肾上腺癌、肛门癌、血管肉瘤(例如淋巴管肉瘤、淋巴管内皮肉瘤、血管肉瘤)、阑尾癌、良性单克隆丙种球蛋白病、胆管癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、脑癌、支气管癌、类癌肿瘤、宫颈癌、绒毛膜癌、脊索瘤、结肠直肠癌、结缔组织癌、食道癌、眼癌、胃癌、头颈部癌、口腔癌、咽喉癌、造血系统癌症(例如白血病:急性淋巴细胞性白血病ALL、急性髓细胞性白血病AML、慢性髓细胞性白血病CML、以及慢性淋巴细胞性白血病CLL)、淋巴瘤、肾癌、肝癌、肺癌(小细胞肺癌SCLC、非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)、骨髓增生异常综合症(MDS)、骨髓增生性病症(MPD)(慢性髓细胞性白血病CML、慢性中性粒细胞白血病CNL、嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合症HES)、骨肉瘤、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、甲状腺癌、阴道癌等等。
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
实施例1
(1)制备3-甲氧基-5-硝基-2-萘酚
将6,7-二甲氧基-1-硝基萘(4.66g,20mmol)和L-蛋氨酸(2.98g,20mmol)溶于38.4g的甲基磺酸(400mmol)中,90℃油浴回流加热条件下搅拌反应8h,TLC检测反应完全后,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液中和反应至无气泡冒出,pH试纸检测为中性或弱碱性,再用乙酸乙酯萃取水相3次,合并乙酸乙酯相,饱和氯化钠水洗三次,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,减压蒸干,柱层析分离得到黄色粉末状固体(1.18g,产率:27%)。
(2)制备4-(3-((3-甲氧基-5-硝基萘-2-)氧)丙基)吗啉
将3-甲氧基-5-硝基-2-萘酚(2.19g,10mmol)、无水碳酸钾(1.80g,13mmol)和无水碘化钾(0.166g,1mmol)溶于25mlN,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,搅拌均匀后,向反应液中加入3-氯丙基吗啉(1.80g,11mmol)80℃油浴回流加热条件下搅拌反应3h,TLC检测反应完全后,冷却至室温,向反应液中加入150ml蒸馏水,再用乙酸乙酯萃取此水相3次,合并乙酸乙酯,水洗三次,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗三次,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,柱层析得黄色粉末状固体(3.18g,产率:92%)。
(3)制备6-甲氧基-7-(3-吗啉丙基氧基)-4-硝基-1-萘酚
将4-(3-((3-甲氧基-5-硝基萘-2-)氧)丙基)吗啉(1.73g,5mmol)溶于13ml二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,在0-5℃条件下向此溶液中加入溶解在5ml水中的氢氧化钾(1.2g,20mmol),搅拌5分钟后,向溶液中加入2mlDMSO的过氧化氢叔丁醇(0.54g,6mmol)。室温搅拌6小时后,将反应液缓慢倒入100ml水中,二氯甲烷萃取水相三次,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,柱层析分离,得黄色粉末(产率:78%)。
(4)制备4-(3-(8-氯-3-甲氧基-5-硝基萘-2-氧)丙基)吗啉
将6-甲氧基-7-(3-吗啉丙基氧基)-4-硝基-1-萘酚(5.79g,16mmol)溶于三氯氧磷(45ml,490mmol)中,加热回流搅拌3h。冷却,冰水浴下将反应液慢慢倾入2mol/L的碳酸钠溶液(450ml)中,搅拌,抽滤,滤饼用温水洗涤,干燥得到微黄色固体(收率:65%)。
(5)4-氟苯基-(6-甲氧基-7-(3-吗啉丙氧基))-4-硝基萘基-1-氨
将对氟苯胺(1.78g,16mmol)、4-(3-(8-氯-3-甲氧基-5-硝基萘-2-氧)丙基)吗啉(3.80g,10mmol)和碳酸钾(4.1g,30mmol)溶液50mLDMF中,搅拌加热至60℃,反应5h,冷却至室温,过滤,溶液用(DCM/MeOH=20:1)进行精制,得黄色固体产物1.54g(产率:61%),其核磁氢谱数据如下。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),1.80-1.85(m,2H);2.25-2.38(t,2H);2.32-2.49(t,4H);3.52-3.62(t,4H);3.75(s,3H);4.00(s,1H);6.22-6.30(dd,1H);6.32-6.39(dd,1H);6.42-6.49(d,2H);6.75-6.89(d,2H);6.98(s,2H)。
(6)N’-4-氟苯基-(6-甲氧基-7-(3-吗啉丙氧基))-4-萘基-1,4-二氨
将4-氟苯基-(6-甲氧基-7-(3-吗啉丙氧基))-4-硝基萘基-1-氨(0.455g,1mmol)溶于10ml甲醇中,在室温条件下向溶液中加入0.1g钯碳。在十个大气压的氢气条件下室温搅拌12小时,反应完后用硅藻土过滤除去钯碳,并用甲醇洗涤三次,柱层析,得到化合物1,呈白色固体,产率为82%,其核磁氢谱数据如下。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),1.81-1.86(m,2H);2.28-2.34(t,2H);2.39-2.51(t,4H);3.59-3.67(t,4H);3.72(s,3H);4.01(s,1H);4.06(s,2H);6.25-6.31(dd,1H);6.35-6.38(dd,1H);6.45-6.48(d,2H);6.74-6.86(d,2H);6.83(s,2H)。
按照与实施例1类似的方法,可以得到化合物2-6,这些化合物的结构式及其核磁氢谱数据如下表所示。
实施例2
体外目标化合物进行体外抑制癌细胞增殖的活性实验。
对目标化合物进行体外抑制癌细胞增殖的活性实验,结果见表1。
材料:MD-MBA-231乳腺癌细胞株,四甲基偶氮唑蓝MTT,10%胎牛血清,96孔板。
方法:
细胞培养:MD-MBA-231乳腺癌细胞株采用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养液吹打均匀后种入培养瓶中,于37℃,5%CO2饱和湿度细胞培养箱中孵育,待细胞密度长到70%-90%时用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化后传代。
细胞生长检测(MTT法):MD-MBA-231细胞悬液调整至5×104/mL,分别接种于96孔板(100μL/孔),5000个细胞/孔。铺板4h后,每孔中加入100μL含不同浓度化合物的培养基,使孔中化合物终浓度分别为:100、50、25、12.5、6.25μg/mL,每个浓度设四个复孔,不加细胞的孔读数时作为空白对照,加细胞不加化合物的孔作为阴性对照,索拉菲尼作为化合物阳性对照。于37℃、5%CO2中孵育48h,每孔加入10μL0.5%的MTT染色液,继续孵育4h后,2500rpm,离心12min,然后抛弃板孔中培养液,加入DMSO溶液,100μL/孔。酶标仪上于570nm处测定每孔的吸收值OD值,细胞生长抑制率按下式计算:
根据化合物的浓度与相应的抑制率,利用Origin7.5软件拟合曲线,得到各化合物的IC50。
表1
化合物 | IC50(μM) |
化合物1 | 16.05±0.68 |
化合物2 | 10.27±0.38 |
化合物3 | 20.18±0.20 |
化合物4 | 18.35±0.29 |
化合物5 | 8.11±0.17 |
化合物6 | 21.72±0.37 |
索拉菲尼 | 13.96±0.62 |
通过表1的结果可以看出,本发明的化合物对MD-MBA-231乳腺癌细胞的IC50与索拉菲尼在相当的数量级,有些化合物明显优于索拉菲尼。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种式(I)所示的1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物,
其中,L1和L2各自选自O、S和NH;
n为0、1、2、3、4或5;
R1选自氢、C1-C8烷基和C3-C7环烷基;
R2选自氢、C1-C8烷基、被取代的C1-C8烷基、C3-C7环烷基、被取代的C3-C7环烷基、芳基、被取代的芳基、杂芳基和被取代的杂芳基;
R3选自氢、C1-C8烷基和C3-C7环烷基;
R4选自C3-C7杂环烷基、被取代的C3-C7杂环烷基、芳基、被取代的芳基、杂芳基和被取代的杂芳基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的1,4-二胺萘衍生物,其特征在于,R1为氢,R2选自芳基、被取代的芳基、杂芳基和被取代的杂芳基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的1,4-二胺萘衍生物,其特征在于,L为O,n为3,R3选自氢、甲基和乙基,R4选自吗啉、哌啶、吡咯烷和哌嗪。
4.根据权利要求1所述的1,4-二胺萘衍生物,其特征在于,所述1,4-二胺萘衍生物的结构式为:
5.一种制备式(I)所示的1,4-二胺萘衍生物的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(1)所示的化合物进行脱烷基反应,得到式(2)所示的化合物;
(b)使式(2)所示的化合物进行亲核取代反应,得到式(3)所示的化合物;
(c)在过氧化氢叔丁醇和氢氧化钾的存在下,在式(3)所示的化合物中引入羟基,得到式(4)所示的化合物;
(d)使式(4)所示的化合物发生取代反应,得到式(5)所示的化合物;
(e)使式(5)所示的化合物与氨基取代物发生亲和取代反应,得到式(6)所示的化合物;
(f)使式(6)所示的化合物进行氢化还原反应,得到目标化合物;
其中,X为卤素,L1、L2、n、R1、R2、R3和R4的定义与权利要求1至3中任意一项的定义相同。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a)中,所述脱烷基反应在L-蛋氨酸的存在下进行,所用的溶剂为甲磺酸,反应温度为85-95℃;
优选地,在步骤(b)中,所述亲核取代反应在碱性条件下进行,反应温度为75-85℃;
优选地,步骤(c)的反应在过氧化氢叔丁醇和氢氧化钾的存在下进行,反应温度为0±5℃。
7.权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物在制备表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂中的应用。
8.权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防哺乳动物中于表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶相关疾病的药物中的应用。
9.权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的1,4-二胺萘衍生物及其医药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物在制备用于治疗肿瘤疾病的药物中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肿瘤疾病为听神经瘤、腺癌、肾上腺癌、肛门癌、血管肉瘤、阑尾癌、良性单克隆丙种球蛋白病、胆管癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、脑癌、支气管癌、类癌肿瘤、宫颈癌、绒毛膜癌、脊索瘤、结肠直肠癌、结缔组织癌、食道癌、眼癌、胃癌、头颈部癌、口腔癌、咽喉癌、造血系统癌症、淋巴瘤、肾癌、肝癌、肺癌、骨髓增生异常综合症、骨髓增生性病症、骨肉瘤、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、甲状腺癌或阴道癌。
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