CN108358840A - 一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂及其用途 - Google Patents
一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108358840A CN108358840A CN201810207390.8A CN201810207390A CN108358840A CN 108358840 A CN108358840 A CN 108358840A CN 201810207390 A CN201810207390 A CN 201810207390A CN 108358840 A CN108358840 A CN 108358840A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,其化学名为1‑(2‑氟‑4‑((6,7‑二甲氧基喹啉‑4‑基)氧基)苯基)‑3‑(4‑氟苯基)脲,结构如式(Ⅰ)所示。同时,本发明还公开了所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的用途。本发明提供的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂能有效抑制VEGFR2和VEGFR3的酶活性,可有效治疗受酪氨酸激酶调控并与所述酪氨酸激酶信号转导途径异常相关的疾病,包括乳房、呼吸道、脑、生殖器官、消化道、泌尿道、眼、肝、皮肤、头和/或颈的癌症和它们的远端转移,以及淋巴瘤、肉瘤和白血病等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂及其用途。
背景技术
受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK.s)是细胞表面一大类重要受体家族,主要参与调节细胞生长、分化过程,已证实3种受体酪氨酸激酶家族及其配体的相互作用在肿瘤血管形成中起着关键的调节作用,包括血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)/血管内皮生长因子受体(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,VEGFR)、Angiopoietin/Tie和Ephrin/Eph系统(Roskoski R Jr,Crit Rev Oncol Hematol.,2007,62(3),179-213.)。其中VEGF是目前发现的最为强大和专一的刺激血管内皮细胞增生的因子,血管新生的所有环节都需要VEGF的参与(Ferrara N等,Biochem Biophys ResCommun.,1989,161(2),851-858)。
美国FDA于2004年批准靶向VEGF的抗体贝伐单抗(Avastin),该药在临床与化疗药物联合治疗结肠癌时可明显延长病人生命,但因同时抑制了VEGF的正常生理功能,病人使用后出现高血压、出血、血栓形成等副反应。实验表明,诱导肿瘤血管正常化而不是完全拮抗VEGF导致血管异常可以获得更好的疗效(R.K.Jain等,Science,2005,307,5706,58-62.)。
在VEGF相关受体中,VEGFR 2作为VEGF的主要功能受体,在完整细胞中经历配体依赖的强酪氨酸磷酸化,VEGF对内皮细胞的主要生理功能几乎都是通过激活VEGFR2来实现的,包括刺激内皮细胞增殖、增加血管通透性、对内皮细胞的趋化作用等。靶向抑制VEGFR2信号转导可以有效促进或调节肿瘤血管正常化(S.Goel,N等,J.Natl.Cancer Inst.,2013,105(16),1188-1201.;J.C.Su等,Sci.Rep.,2016,6,28888;Amino N等,Clin CancerRes.2006,12(5),1630-1638)。因此抑制VEGFR2也是一种抑制血管新生的策略。研究表明,在乳腺癌(Fan M等,Breast Cancer Res Treat.2014,143(1),141-151),胃癌或食管癌(Fuchs,C.S.等,Lancet,2014,383,31–39),肺癌(Chatterjee S等,J Clin Invest.2013,123(4),1732-1740),卵巢癌(Garofalo A等,Clin Cancer Res.2003,9(9),3476-3485),结直肠癌(Payen T等,Ultrasound Med Biol.2015,41(8),2202-2211;Foersch S等,Gastroenterology.2015,149(1),177-189)等在内的各种肿瘤中,均表现出针对VEGFR2调控后肿瘤生长的有效抑制;相对于VEGF而言,靶向VEGFR2的药物针对性更强,安全性更好。
VEGFR3(也称为flt-4)主要在正常成人组织中的淋巴管内皮细跑上表达。目前认为,淋巴管主要由VEGF-C/VEGFR3途径诱导生成。肿瘤相关的淋巴管生成因子诱导的淋巴管生成促进新的导管生长进入肿瘤,这为肿瘤细胞提供了进入系统循环的通道。很多恶性肿瘤都高度表达VEGFR3、VEGF-C。肿瘤源性VEGF-C和VEGFR3表达可诱导瘤周淋巴管增生,促进肿瘤的淋巴道转移(Stacker SA等,Nat Rev Cancer.2002,2(8),573-583)。研究证实,阻断VEGFR3作用可有效阻断淋巴管的增生,且对已形成淋巴管在形态上无影响(Pytowski B等,J Natl Cancer Inst.,2005,97(1),14-21)。通过阻断VEGFR3与VEGF-C的相互作用可以抑制肿瘤的扩散(Karpanen T等,Cancer Res.2001,61(5),1786-1790)。
我们发现,本发明的化合物对VEGF受体酪氨酸激酶具有非常好的抑制活性,前期实验结果表明,本发明化合物对小鼠多种肿瘤具有比阳性药卡博替尼更好的抑瘤作用,且无明显毒副作用。
发明内容
基于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种更有效的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,能抑制VEGFR2和VEGFR3的酶活性,可有效治疗受酪氨酸激酶调控并与所述酪氨酸激酶信号转导途径异常相关的疾病。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐或水合物,所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
优选地,所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂药学上可接受的盐为有机酸或无机酸的碱式盐;优选地,所述酸为盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、1-萘磺酸、2-萘磺酸、醋酸、三氟乙酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、草酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、苯乙酸或扁桃酸。
所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂化学名为1-(2-氟-4-((6,7-二甲氧基喹啉-4-基)氧基)苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)脲,其合成包括以下步骤:
(1)由化合物(Ⅱ)和(Ⅲ)反应得到化合物(Ⅳ):
(2)由化合物(Ⅴ)和(Ⅵ)反应得到化合物(Ⅶ):
(3)由化合物(Ⅳ)和化合物(Ⅶ)反应得到本发明所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(Ⅰ):
本发明还提供了所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐或水合物在制备治疗酪氨酸激酶信号通路转导异常疾病药物中的用途。
本发明提供的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂能有效抑制VEGFR2和VEGFR3的酶活性,可用于制备治疗受酪氨酸激酶调控并与所述酪氨酸激酶信号转导途径异常相关的疾病。
优选地,所述酪氨酸激酶信号通路由VEGFR2或VEGFR3介导。
优选地,所述酪氨酸激酶信号通路转导异常疾病为癌症。
优选地,所述癌症包括乳房、呼吸道、脑、生殖器官、消化道、泌尿道、眼、肝、皮肤、头和/或颈的癌症和它们的远端转移,淋巴瘤、肉瘤和白血病。
优选地,所述乳癌包括但不限于非浸润性癌、早期浸润性癌、浸润性特殊癌、浸润性非特殊癌;所述呼吸道癌症包括但不限于小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、淋巴癌、头颈癌、胸膜间皮瘤;所述脑癌包括但不限于中枢神经肿瘤、外周神经肿瘤、脑膜肿瘤、松果体瘤;所述雄性生殖器官肿瘤包括但不限于前列腺肿瘤、睾丸和周围组织肿瘤、阴茎肿瘤;雌性生殖器官肿瘤包括但不限于卵巢和腹膜肿瘤、输卵管和子宫韧带肿瘤、子宫肿瘤、子宫颈肿瘤、外阴肿瘤;所述泌尿道肿瘤包括但不限于肾脏肿瘤、浸润性尿路上皮癌、膀胱癌、绒毛状腺癌、颗粒细胞瘤、脐尿管癌;所述消化系统肿瘤包括但不限于食管肿瘤、胃肿瘤、小肠肿瘤、阑尾肿瘤、结肠和直肠肿瘤、肛管肿瘤、肝和内胆管肿瘤、胆囊和肝外胆管肿瘤、胰腺外分泌肿瘤;所述眼部肿瘤包括但不限于视网膜母细胞瘤、眼睑皮脂腺癌、眼眶淋巴管肿瘤、眼眶骨肉瘤、虹膜黑色素瘤、视神经胶质瘤、虹膜平滑肌瘤;所述肝癌包括但不限于肝母细胞瘤、肝淋巴瘤、肝间叶性肿瘤、肝继发性肿瘤、胆囊和肝外胆管癌、胆管上皮癌、肝胚细胞瘤、混合型肝细胞癌;所述皮肤癌包括但不限于上皮细胞肿瘤、黑色素细胞肿瘤、淋巴造血系统肿瘤、皮肤软组织肿瘤;所述头和/或颈肿瘤包括但不限于鼻腔/鼻窦肿瘤、喉咽和颈段食管肿瘤、甲状腺肿瘤、口咽/鼻咽肿瘤;所述淋巴瘤包括但不限于霍奇金淋巴瘤、B细胞淋巴瘤、T细胞淋巴瘤、NK细胞淋巴瘤;所述肉瘤包括但不限于传统型骨肉瘤、毛细血管扩张型骨肉瘤、未分化多形性肉瘤、胃肠间质瘤、脂肪肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤;所述白血病包括但不限于髓系的粒-单核细胞白血病、单核细胞白血病、红白血病、原始巨核细胞白血病、淋巴系的T和B细胞白血病。
优选地,所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂药学上可接受的盐为有机酸或无机酸的碱式盐;优选地,所述酸为盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、1-萘磺酸、2-萘磺酸、醋酸、三氟乙酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、草酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、苯乙酸或扁桃酸。
更优选地,所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂药学上可接受的盐为盐酸盐、苯磺酸盐或甲磺酸盐。
本发明的另一目的,在于提供一种治疗酪氨酸激酶信号通路转导异常疾病的药物。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种治疗酪氨酸激酶信号通路转导异常疾病的药物,所述药物包含所述的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐或水合物。
优选地,所述酪氨酸激酶信号通路由VEGFR2或VEGFR3介导。
优选地,所述酪氨酸激酶信号通路转导异常疾病为癌症。
优选地,所述癌症包括乳房、呼吸道、脑、生殖器官、消化道、泌尿道、眼、肝、皮肤、头和/或颈的癌症和它们的远端转移,淋巴瘤、肉瘤和白血病。
优选地,所述药物还可以包含药物学可接受的载体。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:本发明提供的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂能有效抑制VEGFR2和VEGFR3的酶活性,可有效治疗受酪氨酸激酶调控并与所述酪氨酸激酶信号转导途径异常相关的疾病,包括乳房、呼吸道、脑、生殖器官、消化道、泌尿道、眼、肝、皮肤、头和/或颈的癌症和它们的远端转移,以及淋巴瘤、肉瘤和白血病等。
附图说明
图1为本发明酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对BGC-823胃癌小鼠肿瘤体积的抑制结果图,其中,式Ⅰ代表本发明酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
图2为本发明酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对HT-29结直肠癌小鼠肿瘤体积的抑制结果图,其中,M代表模型组;式Ⅰ代表本发明酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
具体实施方式
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供本发明所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的一种制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)2-氟-4-((6,7-二甲氧基喹啉-4-基)氧基)苯胺[化合物(Ⅳ)]的制备:
向250ml三口烧瓶中加入4-氨基3-氟苯酚[化合物(Ⅲ)](4.0g,31.4mmol),NaH(含量60%,1.26g,31.4mmol)和二甲基亚砜50ml混合搅拌,将二甲基亚砜50ml与4-氯-6,7-二甲氧基喹啉[化合物(Ⅱ)](5g,22.4mmol)混合,加入到上述反应溶液中以控制温度低于25℃,滴加完温度升至100℃,反应2小时,反应停止,冷却至15~20℃,将反应混合物倒入100ml冰水中,控制温度15~30℃,加入20ml乙酸乙酯,固体分离搅拌抽滤,固体用乙酸乙酯10ml洗涤1次,在40℃下真空干燥12小时,得到棕色固体4.58g(65.1%),即为化合物(Ⅳ);
(2)苯基(4-氟苯基)氨基甲酸酯[化合物(Ⅶ)]的制备:
将氯甲酸苯基酯[化合物(V)](1.64g;0.0105mol)的四氢呋喃(10ml)溶液缓慢地加入冰冷却对氟苯胺[化合物(Ⅵ)](1.11g;0.01mol)和碳酸氢钠(1g,0.012mol)的水(10ml)溶液中。加完后,除去水-水浴,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌5分钟。将乙酸乙酯(30ml)加入到反应混合物中,并从上部有机层中分离出水。有机层用,3份盐酸(3×30ml),饱和食盐水(3×30ml)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,用乙酸乙酯(10ml)和石油醚(20ml)重结晶得化合物(Ⅶ)白色粉末2.13g,收率92.6%;
(3)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂[化合物(Ⅰ)]的制备:
将步骤(1)制备得到的化合物(Ⅳ)(1.42g,4.53mmol)溶于二甲基亚砜(20ml),加入步骤(2)制备得到的化合物(Ⅶ)(1.25g,5.44mmol)80℃搅拌2小时,反应停止,冷却至15~20℃,将反应混合物倒入50ml冰水中,控制温度15~30℃抽滤分离固体,水(20ml)洗涤一次,乙腈(20ml)洗涤一次,真空干燥得到本发明所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂1.45g,粉末状固体收率为71.4%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.10(s,1H),8.61(s,1H),8.50(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),8.24(t,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.58–7.28(m,5H),7.28–7.00(m,3H),6.54(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.09–3.79(m,6H).。13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ149.33(s),120.36(d,J=7.8Hz),117.58(s),115.99(s),115.77(s),108.34(s),99.50(s),56.19(d,J=2.2Hz),40.62(s),40.41(s),40.23(s),40.10(d,J=21.0Hz),39.82(s),39.68(d,J=21.0Hz),39.37(s).ESI-MS(m/z):452[M+H]+。
实施例2
本实施例研究本发明所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂[化合物(Ⅰ)]对VEGFR1、VEGFR2和VEGFR3的抑制活性。
(一)实验步骤:
1.待测化合物精确称量,加入DMSO溶剂成母液,然后使用缓冲液配制待测化合物溶液至所需浓度;
2.在384反应容器中加入VEGFR1或VEGFR2或VEGFR3激酶溶液,Z’-LYTE各对应底物溶液,缓冲液或待测化合物,ATP。室温反应1小时;
3.每孔加入荧光增强剂,室温孵育1小时;
4.利用荧光分析仪分别读取数据。
(二)数据处理
1.根据公式计算各孔445nm和520nm处荧光强度的比值(Ratio445/520);
2.根据公式计算各孔的相对抑制率;
3.活性样品进行浓度稀释后检测的相对抑制率,使用Xlfit软件作图求算抑制率IC50值。
(三)实验结果
实验结果如表1所示:
表1化合物(Ⅰ)对各种酪氨酸激酶的抑制活性实验结果
由上述实验结果可知,本发明提供的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂[化合物(Ⅰ)]能有效抑制VEGFR2和VEGFR3的活性。
实施例3
本实施例研究本发明提供的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂[化合物(Ⅰ)]在体内的抗肿瘤活性(胃癌)。
(一)实验方法
1、肿瘤模型的建立:BGC-823胃癌细胞用含10%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中常规培养,体外传三代后,待细胞生长至80%以上融合率且达到所需量时,消化收集细胞,与基质胶1:1混悬。将约2×106个BGC-823胃癌细胞注射入每只裸小鼠左侧腋下。
2、实验动物分组及给药:待肿瘤生长至100~200mm3后,将动物随机分组开始给药。从35只预先接种BGC-823胃癌细胞的BALB/c裸小鼠中选择肿瘤生长较一致的28只裸小鼠随机分成4组,分别为:(1)溶剂对照组,7只;(2)化合物(Ⅰ)20mg/kg组,7只;(3)化合物(Ⅰ)50mg/kg组,7只;(4)卡博替尼30mg/kg组,7只。溶剂对照组每天灌胃甲基纤维素溶剂;化合物(1)20mg/kg组每天灌胃2mg/mL的化合物(Ⅰ)溶液0.1mL/10g;化合物(1)50mg/kg组每天灌胃5mg/mL的化合物(Ⅰ)溶液0.1mL/10g;卡博替尼30mg/kg组每天灌胃3mg/mL的卡博替尼溶液0.1mL/10g。每隔两天称重并测定肿瘤体积,计算相对肿瘤体积(RTV)、相对肿瘤增值率(T/C),做统计学检测。其中,RTV计算公式为RTV=Vt/V0;T/C计算公式为T/C(%)=TRTV/CRTV×100%,TRTV代表治疗组RTV,CRTV代表模型组RTV。T/C(%)>40%为无效;T/C(%)≤40%,并经方差分析与阴性对照组相比P<0.05为有效。
(二)实验结果
相对肿瘤体积(RTV)检测结果如图1所示,对BGC-823胃癌小鼠抑瘤作用检测结果如表2所示:
表2本发明酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对BGC-823胃癌小鼠抑瘤作用检测结果
表中**代表与模型组相比P<0.001;d1代表分笼给药当天;d15代表给药后第15天。
由上述实验结果可知,本发明提供的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂[化合物(Ⅰ)]对胃癌具有明显抑制作用,且比阳性药卡博替尼具有更强的体内抗肿瘤活性。
实施例4
本实施例研究本发明提供的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂[化合物(Ⅰ)]在体内的抗肿瘤活性(结直肠癌)。
(一)实验方法
1、肿瘤模型的建立:HT-29结直肠癌细胞用含10%胎牛血清的McCoy's 5A于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中常规培养,体外传三代后,待细胞生长至80%以上融合率且达到所需量时,消化收集细胞,与基质胶1:1混悬。将约2×106个HT-29结直肠癌细胞注射入每只裸小鼠左侧腋下。
2、实验动物分组及给药:待肿瘤生长至100~200mm3后,将动物随机分组开始给药。从35只预先接种HT-29细胞的BALB/c裸小鼠中选择肿瘤生长较一致的28只裸小鼠随机分成4组,分别为:(1)溶剂对照组,7只;(2)化合物(Ⅰ)20mg/kg组,7只;(3)化合物(Ⅰ)50mg/kg组,7只;(4)卡博替尼30mg/kg组,7只。溶剂对照组每天灌胃甲基纤维素溶剂;化合物(Ⅰ)20mg/kg组每天灌胃2mg/mL的化合物(Ⅰ)溶液0.1mL/10g;化合物(Ⅰ)50mg/kg组每天灌胃5mg/mL的化合物(Ⅰ)溶液0.1mL/10g;卡博替尼30mg/kg组每天灌胃3mg/mL的卡博替尼溶液0.1mL/10g。每隔两天称重并测定肿瘤体积,计算相对肿瘤体积(RTV)、相对肿瘤增值率(T/C),做统计学检测。其中,RTV的计算公式为RTV=Vt/V0;T/C(%)的计算公式为T/C(%)=TRTV/CRTV×100%,TRTV代表治疗组RTV,CRTV代表模型组RTV。T/C(%)>40%为无效;T/C(%)≤40%,并经方差分析与阴性对照组相比P<0.05为有效。
(二)实验结果
相对肿瘤体积(RTV)检测结果如图2所示,对HT-29结直肠癌小鼠抑瘤作用检测结果如表3所示:
表3本发明酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对HT-29结直肠癌小鼠抑瘤作用检测结果
表中**代表与模型组相比P<0.001;d1代表分笼给药当天;d20代表给药后第20天。
由上述实验结果可知,本发明提供的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂[化合物(Ⅰ)]对结直肠癌具有明显抑制作用,且比阳性药卡博替尼具有更强的体内抗肿瘤活性。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐或水合物,其特征在于,所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
2.根据权利要求1所述的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐或水合物在制备治疗酪氨酸激酶信号通路转导异常疾病药物中的用途。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述酪氨酸激酶信号通路由VEGFR2或VEGFR3介导。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述酪氨酸激酶信号通路转导异常疾病为癌症;优选地,所述癌症包括乳房、呼吸道、脑、生殖器官、消化道、泌尿道、眼、肝、皮肤、头和/或颈的癌症和它们的远端转移,淋巴瘤、肉瘤和白血病。
5.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂药学上可接受的盐为有机酸或无机酸的碱式盐;优选地,所述酸为盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、1-萘磺酸、2-萘磺酸、醋酸、三氟乙酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、草酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、苯乙酸或扁桃酸。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于,所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂药学上可接受的盐为盐酸盐、苯磺酸盐或甲磺酸盐。
7.一种治疗酪氨酸激酶信号通路转导异常疾病的药物,其特征在于,所述药物包含权利要求1所述的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐或水合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物,其特征在于,所述酪氨酸激酶信号通路由VEGFR2或VEGFR3介导。
9.根据权利要求7所述的药物,其特征在于,所述酪氨酸激酶信号通路转导异常疾病为癌症;优选地,所述癌症包括乳房、呼吸道、脑、生殖器官、消化道、泌尿道、眼、肝、皮肤、头和/或颈的癌症和它们的远端转移,淋巴瘤、肉瘤和白血病。
10.根据权利要求7所述的药物,其特征在于,所述药物还可以包含药物学可接受的载体。
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