CN109646579A - The processing method and promotion extract content and polyoses content method of Herba Dendrobii - Google Patents
The processing method and promotion extract content and polyoses content method of Herba Dendrobii Download PDFInfo
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
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Abstract
The invention discloses the processing methods of Herba Dendrobii, including the following steps: 1) acquires: harvesting the stem of Herba Dendrobii；2) net system: removal impurity is cleaned；3) it steams: the stem of the Herba Dendrobii after net system is steamed, take out to immerse in cold water immediately after steaming and impregnate, taken out after immersion and dry moisture, remove the leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii；4) dry: the Herba Dendrobii of most leaf sheath will be gone to be dried.The invention discloses the methods for promoting Herba Dendrobii ethanol soluble extractives content and dendrobium polysaccharide content, the Herba Dendrobii of harvesting is steamed, it takes out to immerse in cold water immediately after steaming and impregnate, it is taken out after immersion and dries surface moisture, eliminate the leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii, shorten drying time, shorten the time that Herba Dendrobii is in half dry and wet state, inactivates the plant enzyme in Herba Dendrobii.The present invention has the characteristics that easy to operate, significant decrease process time, and the product processed has extract and dendrobium polysaccharide content high, takes feature in good taste.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of Chinese medicine processing, and in particular to a kind of processing method of Herba Dendrobii and is promoted folded
The technology of the method for sheath dendrobium nobile ethanol soluble extractives content and dendrobium polysaccharide content.
Background technique
Herba Dendrobii is the stem of the plant Herba Dendrobii Dendrobium denneanum Kerr. of orchid family Dendrobium, mainly
It is distributed in the ground such as Sichuan Province, China west and south, Guangxi southwest to the northwestward, South of Guizhou, southeastern Yunnan.At present in Sichuan Province
Leshan Jiajiang County is widely cultivated and hyoscine." Sichuan Province's prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs concocted specification " version (P375-376) in 2015 records it
It is used as medicine as dendrobium nobile, there is the effect of " reinforcing stomach reg fluid, nourishing Yin and clearing heat ".The main component of Herba Dendrobii is dendrobium polysaccharide, dendrophnol
Deng having the effects that reduce blood glucose, antitumor, anti-oxidant, clinic is mainly used for type-2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic eye diseases, chronic shallow
Table gastritis and the adjuvant treatment of kinds of tumors etc..
Processing method is the Herba Dendrobii inherent quality of different processing method production an important factor for influencing prepared slice quality
There were significant differences with mouthfeel is taken.Common processing method has infusion method, slice method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade, slice oven drying method, Dan to shine method, Dan system
The problem of comminuting method etc., these methods cut both ways in practical applications, can not be fully solved Herba Dendrobii processing:
Infusion method: being traditional habitat processing method, acquires fresh Herba Dendrobii, root, leaf is removed, with clear water or plant ash water logging
It steeps 2-3 months, changes within during which every 2-3 days a water, leaf sheath gradually can slowly fall off in soaking process.It is complete to Herba Dendrobii leaf sheath
It after falling off, pulls out, dry, as net Herba Dendrobii medicinal material.This method advantage be Herba Dendrobii be difficult to the leaf sheath eliminated can be natural
It falls off, compares less manpower.But process time is too long, and water resource waste is serious, and Herba Dendrobii is impregnated with a large amount of water for a long time, medicinal material
In water soluble ingredient loss it is serious, the Herba Dendrobii being processed into is second-rate.
Slice method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade: taking Herba Dendrobii fresh goods, removes root, leaf and leaf sheath, cuts inclined tab after cleaning, and sets at shady and cool ventilation certainly
So dry.This method advantage be it is easy to operate, required equipment is simple.But leaf sheath can not be eliminated, in the film quality leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii
Wax component can hinder the evolution of moisture in stem, and the process time that dries in the shade is long, generally require 5-7 days, because in Herba Dendrobii
Plant enzyme do not inactivate, plant cell will continue to breathe, lead to the loss of Herba Dendrobii sugar, the extract of Herba Dendrobii and
Dendrobium polysaccharide reduces.
Dan shines method: being the processing method that " Guizhou Province's prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs concocted specification " records.The dendrobium nobile adopted back is removed into impurity,
It is put into 85 DEG C of hot water and scalds 1-2min, pick up, be exposed to the sun, when shining to soft body, with the hands rubbed when shining, it will leaf of the packet on stem branch
Sheath is cleared, 1 time a day, until foot is dry.This method advantage is the plant enzyme scalded in inactivation Herba Dendrobii by water, can reduce sugar
Consumption, is conducive to the reservation of effective component.But it is relatively high to weather requirement, it can not such as be exposed to the sun in time, medicinal material is easily rotten.And it is logical
The mode drying time for crossing solarization is also required to 2-3 days, and sugar can ferment point in the Herba Dendrobii in half dry and wet state for a long time
It solves and rancid, the pharmaceutical activity of Herba Dendrobii is caused to decline, clinical effect reduces.
Slice oven drying method: taking Herba Dendrobii fresh goods, removes root, leaf and leaf sheath, and inclined tab, 60 DEG C of drying are cut after cleaning.This method
Advantage be it is simple and efficient, drying time can be reduced to 8-10h.But the non-medicinal effects such as can not eliminate leaf sheath, Herba Dendrobii
Wax component in film quality leaf sheath can hinder the evolution of moisture in stem, cause drying time longer.And the plant in Herba Dendrobii
Enzyme does not inactivate, and plant cell will continue to breathe, and leads to the loss of Herba Dendrobii sugar.
Dan fine powder method: being the method that " Sichuan Province's prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs concocted specification " version in 2015 is recorded.Annual November is to secondary
The stem of 2 months years harvesting, 3 years leaf abscissions of growth.Root, residual leaf, leaf sheath, the impurity such as silt are removed, with 10 times of amount water Dan 5min,
It dries, is baked when rubbing with the hands, until rubbing net leaf sheath with the hands, be drying to obtain Herba Dendrobii medicinal material, by medicinal material cleaning, drying, be ground into fine powder.This
Method process can will foreshorten to 3-5 days, obtained Herba Dendrobii quality is more steady process time with respect to traditional processing
It is fixed, but rub the processing link of net leaf sheath with the hands, it takes a long time, and can only be by manual operations, labor intensity is larger, and is difficult leaf sheath
Removal is clean.Dan system can make the plant enzyme-deactivating in Herba Dendrobii, during Dan system, Herba Dendrobii water soluble ingredient part ease
It loses, causes the pharmacological action and bioactivity decline of Herba Dendrobii.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of easy to operate, reduction labor intensity
With the processing method of the Herba Dendrobii of cost, fast-falling leaf sheath shortens drying time, inactivates the plant enzyme in Herba Dendrobii,
Herba Dendrobii extract content is promoted, the loss of dendrobium polysaccharide ingredient is reduced, and obtains and good takes mouthfeel.
Further objective is that the method for promoting the extract content and polyoses content in Herba Dendrobii.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of processing method of Herba Dendrobii, including the following steps:
1) it acquires: harvesting the stem of Herba Dendrobii；
2) net system: removal impurity is cleaned；
3) it steams: the stem of the Herba Dendrobii after net system is steamed, take out to immerse in cold water immediately after steaming and impregnate, soak
It is taken out after bubble and dries moisture, then to eliminate the leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii；
4) dry: the Herba Dendrobii of most leaf sheath will be gone to be dried.
It is the stem or root of harvesting growth in annual November to next year 2 months 3 years or 3 years or more leaf abscissions in step 1) acquisition
Stem.
Root, residual leaf, leaf sheath are first extractd or cut off in step 2) net system.
Step 3) steam in steaming time be 10-100min, the water temperature of cold water is 2-10 DEG C, soaking time 1-
2min。
Step 3) steam in water be 1-100 times of Herba Dendrobii weight.
60-70 DEG C of drying temperature during step 3) is dry, drying time 2-4h.
It crushes: dry Herba Dendrobii being carried out to be ground into impalpable powder.
Impalpable powder described in crushing refers to that partial size is 75-90 μm, and referring to can be all by No. eight sieve (150 mesh), and contains and can lead to
It crosses No. nine sieves (200 mesh) and is no less than 95% powder.
A method of Herba Dendrobii ethanol soluble extractives content and dendrobium polysaccharide content being promoted, to the Herba Dendrobii of harvesting
It is steamed, takes out to immerse in cold water immediately after steaming and impregnate, taken out after immersion and dry moisture, remove the leaf for eliminating Herba Dendrobii
Sheath shortens drying time, shortens the time that Herba Dendrobii is in half dry and wet state, inactivates the plant enzyme in Herba Dendrobii.
The steaming time is 10-100min, and cold water water temperature is 2-10 DEG C, and water is 1-100 times of Herba Dendrobii weight,
Soaking time is 1-2min.
The invention has the following advantages:
In existing technology, infusion method: it is to be impregnated with clear water or plant ash water 2-3 months, changes within during which every 2-3 days primary
Water, leaf sheath gradually can slowly fall off in soaking process.Belong to immersion nature to fall off.But process time is too long, and water resource waste is tight
Weight, Herba Dendrobii are impregnated with a large amount of water for a long time, and the water soluble ingredient loss in medicinal material is serious, the Herba Dendrobii quality being processed into
It is poor.Fast-falling leaf sheath can not be solved, the water soluble ingredient reduced in medicinal material loses serious technical problem, art technology
Personnel under the introduction of the prior art, the leaf sheath that falls off be for a long time impregnate nature fall off, can not fast-falling leaf sheath, can not subtract
Water soluble ingredient loss in few medicinal material.
It is sliced method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade in existing technology: being to set naturally dry at shady and cool ventilation.The process time that dries in the shade is long, and one
As need 5-7 days, leaf sheath can not be eliminated, the wax component in the film quality leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii can hinder the evolution of moisture in stem；
Plant enzyme in Herba Dendrobii does not inactivate, and plant cell will continue to breathe, and leads to the loss of Herba Dendrobii sugar, Herba Dendrobii
Extract and dendrobium polysaccharide reduce.Same the prior art is unable to fast-falling leaf sheath, will lead to the film quality of Herba Dendrobii
Wax component in leaf sheath can hinder the evolution of moisture in stem, and the plant enzyme in Herba Dendrobii does not inactivate, the leaching of Herba Dendrobii
Object and dendrobium polysaccharide reduce out.Those skilled in the art under the introduction of the prior art, the leaf sheath that falls off be naturally dry into
Row falls off, the result is that leaf sheath can not be eliminated, the plant enzyme in Herba Dendrobii is not inactivated.
It is sliced oven drying method in existing technology: being drying, drying time can be reduced to 8-10h, but can not eliminate leaf
The non-medicinal effects such as sheath, the wax component in the film quality leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii can hinder the evolution of moisture in stem, cause subsequent dry
The dry time is longer.And the plant enzyme in Herba Dendrobii does not inactivate, plant cell will continue to breathe, and lead to Herba Dendrobii sugar
Loss.Visual method is the non-medicinal effects such as not divisible leaf sheath.Those skilled in the art take off under the introduction of the prior art
Sheath of falling leaves is furnace drying method, and the wax component in the film quality leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii can hinder the evolution of moisture in stem, cause subsequent
Drying time is longer, and the plant enzyme in Herba Dendrobii does not inactivate.
Dan shines method in existing technology: being that 85 DEG C of hot water scald 1-2min, picks up, be exposed to the sun, when shining to soft body, when shining
With the hands rub, leaf sheath of the packet on stem branch is cleared, 1 time a day, until foot is dry.This method is relatively high to weather requirement,
It can not such as be exposed to the sun in time, medicinal material is easily rotten.And by way of solarization drying time be also required to 2-3 days, for a long time in half
In the Herba Dendrobii of dry and wet state sugar can ferment decomposition and it is rancid, cause the pharmaceutical activity of Herba Dendrobii to decline, clinical effect
It reduces.For those skilled in the art under the introduction of the prior art, the leaf sheath that falls off is that hot water scalds and is exposed to the sun, and can not be solved for a long time
Sugar, which can ferment, in Herba Dendrobii in half dry and wet state decomposes and rancid, the skill for causing the pharmaceutical activity of Herba Dendrobii to decline
Art problem.
Dan fine powder method in existing technology: it is to scald 5min with 10 times of amount water Dan hot waters, dries, dried when rubbing with the hands
It shines, until rubbing net leaf sheath with the hands, is drying to obtain Herba Dendrobii medicinal material, by medicinal material cleaning, drying, is ground into fine powder.The method rubs net leaf sheath with the hands
Processing link, take a long time, and can only be by manual operations, labor intensity is larger, and is difficult to remove in leaf sheath clean.In addition
During Dan system, Herba Dendrobii water soluble ingredient part is escaped, and causes the pharmacological action and bioactivity decline of Herba Dendrobii.This
For field technical staff under the introduction of the prior art, the leaf sheath that falls off is that Dan hot water scalds 5min, dries, bakes when rubbing with the hands,
To net leaf sheath is rubbed with the hands, cause to be difficult to remove leaf sheath completely, and Herba Dendrobii water soluble ingredient part escapes, and causes Herba Dendrobii
Pharmacological action and bioactivity decline.
It can be seen from the above, those skilled in the art under the introduction of the prior art, can not solve the present invention to be solved
Certainly the technical issues of.Also the technical solution for being not involved with the application utilize " steam: by the stem of the Herba Dendrobii after net system into
Row steams, and takes out to immerse in cold water immediately after steaming and impregnate, takes out after immersion and dry surface moisture, then to eliminate Herba Dendrobii
Leaf sheath ", it is final to solve technical problems to be solved by the invention fast-falling leaf sheath, shorten drying time, inactivates Herba Dendrobii
In plant enzyme, promote Herba Dendrobii extract content, reduce the loss of dendrobium polysaccharide ingredient, and obtain and good take mouth
Sense.
Further confirm that technical solution has creativeness in the present invention:
1) the feedstock capture date compares the Herba Dendrobii processing recovery rate of different growth years acquisition and containing for extract
Amount.
Method: acquisition growth 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years fresh Herba Dendrobii 1kg, respectively according to this patent method into
Row processing, calculates the recovery rate that Herba Dendrobii powder is made, and according to as defined in four general rules 2201 of " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " version in 2015
Method measures ethanol soluble extractives content.Locality: the Jiajiang County, Yueshan City, Sichuan Province township Ma Liu；Acquisition time: in January, 2018-
In December, 2018.
As a result: Herba Dendrobii finished product recovery rate increases with growth year and is increased.And increased very fast, 3 Nian Houzeng at first 3 years
Length is slower.
1-2 raw Herba Dendrobii extract content is below 10.0%, substandard regulation.3 years or more folded
Sheath dendrobium nobile extract can reach standard requirements.
| Batch | Growth year | Output | Finished product recovery rate | Extract |
| 1 | 1 year | 0.135kg | 13.5% | 6.4% |
| 2 | 2 years | 0.172kg | 17.2% | 9.3% |
| 3 | 3 years | 0.197kg | 19.7% | 13.4% |
| 4 | 4 years | 0.205kg | 20.5% | 13.3% |
| 5 | 5 years | 0.206kg | 20.6% | 14.2% |
Conclusion: it is reasonable that the stem that acquisition grows 3 years Herba Dendrobiis, which is used as medicine,.
2) the feedstock capture date compares the content of Herba Dendrobii the processing recovery rate and extract of Various Seasonal acquisition.
Method: January, 2 months, March, May, July, September, November, December the middle ten days, the growth 3 years of each acquisition 1 batch it is fresh folded
Sheath dendrobium nobile 1kg, is processed according to this patent method respectively, calculates the recovery rate that Herba Dendrobii powder is made, and according to " middle traditional Chinese medicines
Allusion quotation " method as defined in 2015 years four general rules 2201 of version measures ethanol soluble extractives content.Locality: Sichuan Province Leshan Jiajiang
The township Ma Liu, county；Acquisition time: in December, -2018 in January, 2018.
As a result: the Herba Dendrobii recovery rate highest that January, November, December acquire.The Herba Dendrobii that January, 2 months, November acquire
Extract content highest.
| Batch | Acquisition time | Output | Finished product recovery rate | Extract |
| 1 | 2018-01 | 0.226kg | 22.6% | 16.2% |
| 2 | 2018-02 | 0.207kg | 20.7% | 16.3% |
| 3 | 2018-03 | 0.144kg | 14.4% | 13.5% |
| 4 | 2018-05 | 0.164kg | 16.4% | 13.2% |
| 5 | 2018-07 | 0.171kg | 17.1% | 14.5% |
| 6 | 2018-09 | 0.187kg | 18.7% | 14.4% |
| 7 | 2018-11 | 0.215kg | 21.5% | 14.9% |
| 8 | 2018-12 | 0.232kg | 23.2% | 16.7% |
Conclusion: the Herba Dendrobii of Various Seasonal harvesting, the Herba Dendrobii powder recovery rate obtained according to identical processing method and
There were significant differences for extract.Processing recovery rate and finished product extract content is comprehensively compared, acquisition in annual November to next year 2 months is most
The season of the excellent fresh Herba Dendrobii of harvesting.
Analysis: Herba Dendrobii belongs to herbaceos perennial, starts annual March that axillary bud will be sprouted on stem, and grow
Aerial root becomes seedling.It germinates and takes root and cauline leaf offer nutrient is provided, the nutrition of Herba Dendrobii medicinal effects stem can be consumed,
So the Herba Dendrobii of acquisition in March, after being processed into finished product, recovery rate and extract content are substantially lower than the harvesting of 2 months
's.Annual November starts Herba Dendrobii old leaf and starts shedding off, and nutritional ingredient starts to accumulate in stem, until 2 month of next year, is
The peak of extract content and recovery rate, therefore annual 2 months November to next years acquisition is the season of the optimal fresh Herba Dendrobii of harvesting,
This winter traditional with the place of production adopts habit and is consistent.
3) the preferred of process time is steamed
Method: the net Herba Dendrobii stem of blanking decontamination is divided into 6 groups, and every group of 1kg is steamed with electric heating steaming tank respectively
10min, 15min, 20min, 30min, 60min, 100min immerse in cold water after taking-up, wherein the 1st group of cold water usage is
5kg, the 2nd group of cold water usage are 10kg, and the 3rd group of cold water usage is 20kg, and the 4th group of cold water usage is 30kg, and the 5th group of cold water is used
Amount, 50kg, the 6th group of cold water usage are 100kg.It is completely cooling to be dipped to Herba Dendrobii, surface moisture is dried in taking-up, net with hand rubbing
The leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii.The qualitative character for observing the Herba Dendrobii of different steaming times respectively records the cold water leaching of different amounts
Steep time, the time of the net leaf sheath of record hand rubbing.
| Batch | Steaming time | Qualitative character | Cool water quantity | Soaking time | Rub the net leaf sheath time with the hands |
| 1 | 10min | Surface is steamed thoroughly, there is a little crisp matter core | 5kg | 4min | Fail to rub with the hands net |
| 2 | 15min | It is basic to steam thoroughly, without crisp core | 10kg | 2min | 5min |
| 3 | 20min | It is steamed completely thoroughly, without crisp core | 20kg | 1min | 5min |
| 4 | 30min | It steams thoroughly completely, surface portion is soft rotten | 30kg | 1min | 5min |
| 5 | 60min | It steams completely thoroughly, part is soft rotten | 50kg | 1min | Fail to rub with the hands net |
| 6 | 100min | It steams completely thoroughly, it is most soft rotten | 100kg | 1min | Fail to rub with the hands net |
Conclusion: steaming time is advisable with 15-20min.Water consumption for immersion is advisable with 20kg.
Analysis: steaming time is directly related with the qualitative character of Herba Dendrobii and stranding net leaf sheath time.Steaming time is too short,
Herba Dendrobii stem fails to steam thoroughly completely, then can not rub net core with the hands, and steaming time is too long, and Herba Dendrobii stem is soft rotten, and leaf sheath dissipates
It falls and is mixed with stem, can not also eliminate leaf sheath, and qualitative character is also poor, therefore steaming time is advisable with 15-20min, skill
Herba Dendrobii stem can be made to steam completely thoroughly, and will not be steamed soft rotten.To make stem and leaf sheath while quenching and shrinkage amplitude is different, from
And the purpose of energy delamination, it should ensure that soaking time as short as possible, soaking time are advisable in 1min, this just needs bigger
Cold water usage.In order to avoid impregnating the loss for the extract that cold water generates, it is also desirable to soaking time as short as possible, and reach
Cold water usage as few as possible under the premise of quenching effect.According to experimental result, water consumption for immersion is with 20 times of fresh Herba Dendrobii weight
It is advisable, can achievees the purpose that be Herba Dendrobii quenching in 1min.
4) drying time and temperature is preferred
Method: removing 4 groups of Herba Dendrobii of decontamination, and every group of 1kg steams 15min with electric heating steaming tank, be then immersed in 20kg
In cold water, surface moisture is dried in taking-up, with the net leaf sheath of hand rubbing, is layered in pallet, sets respectively dry in heated-air circulation oven.It is dry
Temperature is respectively set as 50 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 70 DEG C, 80 DEG C, and oven temperature reaches set temperature and starts timing, and every 15min, which is opened, to be taken out
Wind hydrofuge 2min, every 30min sampling rapid moisture apparatus measure a water content, and record is dried to the time of safety moisture content.
As a result: Herba Dendrobii is dry to safety moisture content, and 50 DEG C need 4.5h, and 60 DEG C need dry 3h, 70 DEG C of needs
Dry 2h, 80 DEG C need dry 2h.
| Batch | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Drying temperature | 50℃ | 60℃ | 70℃ | 80℃ |
| First measured moisture content | 67.9% | 70.3% | 71.5% | 69.8% |
| Dry 30min- water content | 58.5% | 55.2% | 54.8% | 49.2% |
| Dry 60min- water content | 51.4% | 39.7% | 33.4% | 30.6% |
| Dry 90min- water content | 44.6% | 27.2% | 18.6% | 16.5% |
| Dry 120min- water content | 37.3% | 19.8% | 9.2% | 11.8% |
| Dry 150min- water content | 30.5% | 12.5% | - | - |
| Dry 180min- water content | 24.7% | 9.6% | - | |
| Dry 210min- water content | 19.5% | - | ||
| Dry 240min- water content | 14.8% | |||
| Dry 270min- water content | 11.9% |
Conclusion: drying temperature is set as 60-70 DEG C, and drying time is advisable for 2-3h.
Analysis: it in order to reduce the influence that sugar caused by half dry and wet state of Herba Dendrobii ferments to Herba Dendrobii quality, answers
Herba Dendrobii is set to reach safety moisture content in the time as short as possible, Herba Dendrobii drying time and temperature are directly related, therefore answer
Higher temperature is set to shorten drying time.The excessively high gelatinization that can cause polysaccharide and amylum body in Herba Dendrobii of temperature, causes medicine
The loss of active constituent is managed, Herba Dendrobii starch gelatinization temperature is at 85 DEG C or more, therefore drying temperature is usually no more than 80 DEG C.50℃
Temperature condition, Herba Dendrobii can be uniformly dehydrated, but drying time is longer.80 DEG C of temperature condition, Herba Dendrobii can be rapidly
Dehydration, but after the rapid draing of surface, the evolution of central part moisture has been obstructed instead, to keep drying time further
Shorten.Therefore 60-70 DEG C is the reasonable drying temperature of comparison, Herba Dendrobii can be dried to safety moisture content by 2-3h.
In conclusion " step 3) steam in steaming time be 15-20min, the water temperature of cold water is 2-10 DEG C, when immersion
Between be 1-2min, water is 15-25 times of Herba Dendrobii weight, dry in 60-70 DEG C of drying temperature, drying time 2-4h "
It is creative.
Experiment of the invention is compared and is illustrated
1) compare this patent method and infusion method, slice method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade, Dan shine method, slice oven drying method, Dan comminuting method plus
Between working hour and medicinal material cleanliness.
Method: picking fresh Herba Dendrobii stem 60kg, is divided into 6 groups, every group of 10kg, respectively according to this patent processing method with
Infusion method, slice method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade, Dan shine method, slice oven drying method, Dan comminuting method are processed, and record net system (removes impurity and non-
Medicinal effects) time, other processing (cleaning, slice, crushing of drying (reaching safety moisture content, i.e. moisture≤12.0%) time
Deng) time and total elapsed time (starting to be machined to process finishing), and compare medicinal material cleanliness.
As a result: the processing fresh Herba Dendrobii of equivalent, different processing methods required time significant difference, required time are followed successively by this
Patent processing method < slice oven drying method < Dan comminuting method < Dan shines method < slice method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade < infusion method；Finished product trait is according to net system journey
Degree, this patent technique, Dan comminuting method, Dan, which shine method, infusion method, can remove leaf sheath completely, and slice oven drying method, slice dry in the shade
Rule fails most leaf sheath, and the effect of complete net system is not achieved.
| Group | Net system duration | Dry duration | Other processes | Total duration | Medicinal material cleanliness |
| This patent processing method | 0.5h | 2.5h | 0.5h | 3.5h | Most leaf sheath is removed completely |
| Infusion method | 72d | 3d | - | 75d | Most leaf sheath is removed completely |
| It is sliced method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade | 0.5d | 5d | 0.5d | 6d | Most leaf sheath is not removed |
| Dan shines method | 2d | 2d | - | 4d | Substantially most leaf sheath is removed |
| It is sliced oven drying method | 1h | 10h | 1h | 12h | Most leaf sheath is not removed |
| Dan comminuting method | 1d | 2d | 0.5d | 3.5d | Substantially most leaf sheath is removed |
Conclusion: (1) this patent method net system used time is most short, can achieve the purpose that remove most leaf sheath completely.Comparing other can go
The Dan of leaf sheath shines method, Dan comminuting method to the greatest extent, and the net system time can be shortened to original 1/16-1/8.
Analysis: this method using the physical principle expanded with heat and contract with cold, during steaming the stem of Herba Dendrobii and leaf sheath simultaneously by
Thermal expansion is big, and after steaming end immersion cold water, because of the parenchymal tissue that stem main structure is meat succulence, leaf sheath is with wax pollen
Film quality epidermal tissue, the two quality is different and shrinkage amplitude is different, therefore can easily separate the leaf sheath and stem being close together, institute
Can leaf sheath be fallen with hand rubbing easily, the net system time is greatly shortened.
(2) drying time of this patent method is most short.Equally reach the drying time of safe moisture, this method compares other
Method can be shortened original 1/4-1/16.
Analysis: this patent method can remove film quality leaf sheath of the Herba Dendrobii with wax pollen, make moisture in stem can be with
Unobstructed evolution, therefore drying process can be made to can be shortened the time, improve drying efficiency.
2) compare this method and infusion method, slice method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade, Dan shine the finished product leaching of method, slice oven drying method, Dan comminuting method
The content of object and dendrobium polysaccharide out.
Method: taking 6 groups of Herba Dendrobiis obtained by experiment 1, measures the content of ethanol soluble extractives, dendrobium polysaccharide respectively,
Every group 2 parts of measurement.Wherein ethanol soluble extractives are according to four general rules of " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " version in 2015,2201 determination of extractives regulation
Fixed method measurement；The content of dendrobium polysaccharide is measured with ultrasonic wave added heating reflux method.
As a result: there were significant differences for Herba Dendrobii made from different processing methods, extract and dendrobium polysaccharide content.
Average extract content is followed successively by this patent processing method > slice method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade > Dan comminuting method > slice oven drying method > Dan
Solarization method > infusion method.
Average dendrobium polysaccharide content be followed successively by this patent processing method > slice oven drying method > Dan comminuting method > slice method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade >
Dan shines method > infusion method.
| Group | Extract 1 | Extract 2 | Mean value | Dendrobium polysaccharide 1 | Dendrobium polysaccharide 2 | Mean value |
| This patent processing method | 16.2% | 16.5% | 16.4% | 20.4% | 19.8% | 20.2% |
| Infusion method | 8.2% | 7.9% | 8.1% | 8.9% | 8.5% | 8.7% |
| It is sliced method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade | 13.7% | 13.6% | 13.7% | 12.5% | 12.6% | 12.6% |
| Dan shines method | 12.8% | 13.2% | 13.0% | 12.3% | 12.1% | 12.2% |
| It is sliced oven drying method | 13.2% | 12.9% | 13.1% | 14.5% | 13.8% | 14.2% |
| Dan comminuting method | 13.5% | 12.8% | 13.2% | 12.9% | 13.7% | 13.3% |
Conclusion:
(1) Herba Dendrobii of this patent method processing, extract content is significantly higher than other processing methods, compared to tradition
Infusion method, average extract content improve 102.4%, record compared to " Sichuan Province's prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs concocted specification " version in 2015
Dan comminuting method, extract content improves 24.2%.
Analysis: this patent method eliminates impurity by way of impregnating cold water after steaming, and effectively prevents Herba Dendrobii medicine
Material and a large amount of water contact for a long time, so can be reduced the loss that extract is dissolved in water and generates.Furthermore this patent method passes through
Herba Dendrobii is ground into impalpable powder, powder all passes through 150 mesh standard compendials sieve, and powder diameter reaches 75 μm -90 μm, thin
Born of the same parents' structure is further destroyed, and pharmaceutical component is easier to dissolve out, and can also promote the extract content of Herba Dendrobii.
(2) Herba Dendrobii of this patent method processing, dendrobium polysaccharide content are significantly higher than other processing methods.Compared to biography
System infusion method, dendrobium polysaccharide content improve 109.2%, record compared to " Sichuan Province's prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs concocted specification " version in 2015
Dan comminuting method, dendrobium polysaccharide content improves 51.9%.
Analysis: this method carries out Herba Dendrobii plant enzyme-deactivating by way of steaming, and effectively prevents following process mistake
The sugar loss that journey is generated by plant cell breathing.Meanwhile the contact because avoiding Herba Dendrobii medicinal material with a large amount of hot water, thus
Greatly reduce the loss of dendrobium polysaccharide in medicinal material.
3) compare this patent method and infusion method, slice method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade, Dan shine method, slice oven drying method, Dan comminuting method at
Moral character shape, smell and take mouthfeel.
Method: taking 6 groups of Herba Dendrobiis obtained by experiment 1, respectively by directly observing the method with micro- sem observation, inspection
The character of Herba Dendrobii made from different processing methods is surveyed, the method tasted by nasil, mouth detects made from different processing methods
The smell and mouthfeel of Herba Dendrobii.
As a result:
Conclusion: its this patent method processes Herba Dendrobii impalpable powder obtained, and silty is fine and smooth, takes orally without slag sense, gas faint scent,
Without not mature gas, mildly bitter flavor and Hui Tian, the toughness chewed, colloid is abundant.
Analysis: (1) chief actives such as the dendrobium polysaccharide of Herba Dendrobii and dendrophnol, Coumarins ingredient, escoparone at
Dissolution rate is not high point in water, is difficult to play its bioactivity and pharmacological action completely by the method that tradition is brewed or decocted,
Therefore the method that slice is taken after being infused in hot water or decoction or decocts is taken, clinical effectiveness is bad.Therefore Herba Dendrobii should be ground into powder and directly take orally its medicine
More complete with ingredient draws, bioactivity is higher.
(2) the Dan comminuting method recorded according to " Sichuan Province's prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs concocted specification " version standard in 2015 is by Herba Dendrobii
It is ground into fine powder, should all be sieved by 80 mesh standard compendials, powder diameter should be 180 μm -150 μm.But it is practical all to pass through 80
The Herba Dendrobii powder of mesh pharmacopeia sieve, very thin wood fibre fragment are often longer than this partial size, very then reach 500 μm or more, fold
The small kernel structure of mixing that wood fibre fragment and dendrobium polysaccharide are formed in sheath dendrobium nobile fine powder, has coarse mouthfeel, has when taking
Apparent throat irritation causes the application compliance of user to reduce.
Therefore, the more professional disintegrating apparatus cyclonic airflow of this patent method application crushes unit, and Herba Dendrobii is crushed
At impalpable powder, powder all passes through 150 mesh standard compendials sieve, and powder diameter reaches 75 μm -90 μm, sheath dendrobium nobile can be effectively reduced
The small kernel structure of mixing that wood fibre fragment and dendrobium polysaccharide are formed in powder, powder is finer and smoother, absolutely not slag sense when taking, no
Throat can be stimulated.
(3) Herba Dendrobii processed by this patent method or Dan system, can effectively inactivate plant enzyme, prevent following process
The decomposing and fermenting of sugar in the process avoids dendrobium nobile colloid from reducing, and mouthfeel is sour and astringent.In addition, by this patent method or Dan plus
Work, the processing method of similar tea green-keeping can destroy solubility volatile matter low-boiling in fresh Herba Dendrobii, and make its with
Vapor discharge, reduces the not mature gas of Herba Dendrobii.
In conclusion the method that the present invention promotes Herba Dendrobii ethanol soluble extractives content and dendrobium polysaccharide content, i.e., pair
The Herba Dendrobii of harvesting is steamed, and is taken out to immerse in cold water immediately after steaming and be impregnated, takes out after immersion and dry moisture, remove and remove
The leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii to the greatest extent shortens drying time, shortens the time that Herba Dendrobii is in half dry and wet state, inactivates in Herba Dendrobii
Plant enzyme, it is creative.
Specific embodiment
The processing method of Herba Dendrobii of the present invention, including the following steps:
1) it acquires: harvesting the stem of Herba Dendrobii；
2) net system: removal impurity is cleaned；
3) it steams: the stem of the Herba Dendrobii after net system is steamed, take out to immerse in cold water immediately after steaming and impregnate, soak
It is taken out after bubble and dries moisture, remove the leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii；
4) dry: the Herba Dendrobii of most leaf sheath will be gone to be dried.
It is the stem or root of harvesting growth in annual November to next year 2 months 3 years or 3 years or more leaf abscissions in step 1) acquisition
Stem 1 year or 2-3 also can be used certainly.
Root, residual leaf, leaf sheath are first extractd or cut off in step 2) net system.
Step 3) steam in steaming time be 10-100min, the water temperature of cold water is 2-15 DEG C, soaking time 1-
2min, water are 1-100 times of Herba Dendrobii weight.
60-70 DEG C of drying temperature during step 3) is dry, drying time 2-4h.
Step 3) steam in preferable parameter setting: steaming time is 15-20min, and the water temperature of cold water is 2-10 DEG C, water
It is 15-25 times of Herba Dendrobii weight.
It steams: taking clean fresh Herba Dendrobii, be uniformly layered in the perforated trays of electric heating steaming tank, stone amount is 5-7.5kg/
㎡, layer thickness 2-3cm.Steamer door is closed, steam box heating power supply is opened, steam box exhaust pipe mouth starts to count when having steam evolution
When, 20min is steamed, steam box heating power supply is closed, when steam box exhaust pipe mouth is escaped without steam, steamer door is opened, takes out porous
The Herba Dendrobii steamed in pallet, is immersed in cold water that (water is 1-100 times of Herba Dendrobii weight, when immersion by pallet immediately
Between be 1-2min), then Herba Dendrobii pulled out with fishing sieve, sets to dry and dries Herba Dendrobii surface moisture on platform, can be easily
The leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii is removed with hand rubbing.For ease of illustration and popular operation is popularized, the present invention chooses non-pressure vessel electric heating
Steam box either steamed rice steam box, wherein electric heating steaming tank has in line exhaust pipe mouth, and vapor is 100 DEG C under normal pressure, entirely steams
Process has steam evolution.Certainly, the present invention is not excluded for providing water vapour using boiler heating.
It crushes: dry Herba Dendrobii being carried out to be ground into impalpable powder.Impalpable powder described in crushing refers to that partial size is 75-90
μm, refer to can all by No. eight i.e. 150 mesh of sieve, and containing can by No. nine sieve be 200 mesh be no less than 95% powder.
A method of Herba Dendrobii ethanol soluble extractives content and dendrobium polysaccharide content being promoted, to the Herba Dendrobii of harvesting
It is steamed, takes out to immerse in cold water immediately after steaming and impregnate, taken out after immersion and dry moisture, remove the leaf for eliminating Herba Dendrobii
Sheath shortens drying time, shortens the time that Herba Dendrobii is in half dry and wet state, inactivates the plant enzyme in Herba Dendrobii.
10-100min is steamed, cold water water temperature is 2-10 DEG C, and water is 1-100 times of Herba Dendrobii weight, and soaking time is
1-2min。
The optimization of Herba Dendrobii processing method of the present invention
The element that Herba Dendrobii medicine materical crude slice is controlled using the content of extract as quality, standard provide the leaching of Herba Dendrobii alcohol-soluble
Apparent extract must not be less than 10.0%.In addition, dendrobium polysaccharide is also the index active constituent of Herba Dendrobii, extract and dendrobium nobile
The higher Herba Dendrobii quality of polyoses content is better, and pharmacological action is stronger, and bioactivity is higher, and clinical effectiveness is better.
The purpose of optimization of Herba Dendrobii processing method is to simplify the operation for eliminating the dis-medicinal parts such as leaf sheath, when shortening dry
Between, the plant enzyme in Herba Dendrobii is inactivated, Herba Dendrobii extract content is promoted, reduces the loss of dendrobium polysaccharide ingredient, and is obtained
Good it must take mouthfeel.
The medicine resource of Herba Dendrobii is used as medicine mainly from artificial cultivation with stem, and blade, leaf sheath and root cannot all be used as medicine.
Therefore net system processing link is to eliminate impurity such as silt, dis-medicinal part such as blade, leaf sheath as the main purpose.Herba Dendrobii has
The blade of nearly keratin, blade base have tubular film quality leaf sheath, and leaf sheath hugs on stem surface, it is extremely difficult to eliminate the leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii
It is mainly made of lignocellulosic, total ash impurity is relatively high, and contains the ingredients such as tannic acid.In the film quality leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii
Wax component can hinder the evolution of moisture in stem, cause the drying process time long, folded in half dry and wet state for a long time
In sheath dendrobium nobile sugar can ferment decomposition and it is rancid, cause the pharmaceutical activity of Herba Dendrobii decline, clinical effect reduction.In addition, folded
The leaf sheath quality of sheath dendrobium nobile is frivolous flexible, and residual leaf sheath will affect crushing process, it is difficult to which the leaf sheath lignocellulosic of crushing can be made
Extend at the crushing process time and silty stability reduces, causes the coarse mouthfeel of Herba Dendrobii powder and taste sour and astringent.Therefore, it removes
The leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii to the greatest extent, is both the main points and difficult point of net system processing link.
Contain plant enzyme in fresh Herba Dendrobii, still there is bioactivity after picking, plays the role of maintaining cellular respiration,
The consumption that sugar in medicinal material can be increased causes dendrobium polysaccharide content in Herba Dendrobii to reduce, influences the pharmacological action of Herba Dendrobii
And clinical effectiveness, therefore should before processing the phase carry out plant enzyme-deactivating operation.Plant enzyme is a kind of activated protein, and high temperature can be with
Inactivate albuminous degeneration, by steaming, boiling, the modes such as Dan can kill the activity of plant enzyme in Herba Dendrobii, reduce stone in medicinal material
The loss of dry measure used in former times polysaccharide.
Herba Dendrobii cannot dissolve out its primary medicinal component by water decoction method completely, so traditional Herba Dendrobii is cut
Piece is taken after being infused in hot water or decoction or decocts and takes, and pharmacological action and clinical effectiveness can reduce.It is taken after Herba Dendrobii is crushed, medicinal ingredient absorbs
Compare completely, bioactivity is higher, and the Herba Dendrobii powder that such as " Sichuan Province's prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs concocted specification " version in 2015 is recorded is exactly
Herba Dendrobii is ground into after fine powder and is directly taken.
Here is more specifically to introduce:
The processing method of Herba Dendrobii of the present invention
(1) it acquires: the stem of annual 2 months November to next years harvesting, 3 years leaf abscissions of growth.
(2) net system: extracing or cut off root, residual leaf, leaf sheath, etc. impurity, clean.
(3) steam: steaming 10-100min with electric heating steaming tank, immersed in cold water immediately after taking-up (water be Herba Dendrobii weight
1-100 times of amount, soaking time 1-2min), surface moisture is dried after taking-up, Herba Dendrobii can be removed with hand rubbing easily
Leaf sheath.Remarks: according to " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " the version note on the use in 2015, cold water refers in particular to the drinking water that water temperature is 2-10 DEG C, and the application takes
The water temperature value of cold water specified in " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " version note on the use in 2015 is preferred values.
(4) dry: the Herba Dendrobii of most leaf sheath will be gone dry with heated-air circulation oven.(60-70 DEG C of drying temperature, it is dry
Time 2-3h, that is, can reach safety moisture content.) remarks: safety moisture content refers to that Chinese medicine and prepared slice quality are stablized, not variable
Matter, can be with the water content of safe storage.According to " Sichuan Province's prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs concocted specification " version regulation in 2015, Herba Dendrobii medicinal material
Moisture must not cross 12.0%, and Herba Dendrobii powder moisture must not cross 10.0%.
(5) it crushes: dry Herba Dendrobii being crushed into unit with cyclonic airflow and is ground into impalpable powder.Remarks: according to " in
State's pharmacopeia " 2015 years version notes on the use, impalpable powder refers to that partial size is 75-90 μm, and referring to can be all by No. eight sieve (150 mesh), and containing energy
95% powder is no less than by No. nine sieves (200 mesh).
The processing method feature of Herba Dendrobii of the present invention: having the characteristics that easy to operate, significant decrease process time, added
The product of work has extract and dendrobium polysaccharide content high, takes feature in good taste.
It is to be understood that above-mentioned specific embodiment is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention and institute's application technology principle,
Within the technical scope of the present disclosure, the variation or replace that anyone skilled in the art is readily apparent that
It changes, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of processing method of Herba Dendrobii, including the following steps:
1) it acquires: harvesting the stem of Herba Dendrobii；
2) net system: removal impurity is cleaned；
3) it steams: the stem of the Herba Dendrobii after net system is steamed, take out to immerse in cold water immediately after steaming and impregnate, after immersion
Surface moisture is dried in taking-up, removes the leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii；
4) dry: the Herba Dendrobii of most leaf sheath will be gone to be dried.
2. the processing method of Herba Dendrobii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be annual November in step 1) acquisition
To the stem or rhizome of harvesting growth in next year 2 months 3 years or 3 years or more leaf abscissions.
3. the processing method of Herba Dendrobii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first extract or cut in step 2) net system
Remove root, residual leaf, leaf sheath.
4. the processing method of Herba Dendrobii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3) steam in steaming time
It is 10-100min, the water temperature of cold water is 2-15 DEG C, soaking time 1-2min, and water is 1-100 times of Herba Dendrobii weight.
5. the processing method of Herba Dendrobii according to claim 4, which is characterized in that step 3) steam in steaming time
It is 15-20min, the water temperature of cold water is 2-10 DEG C, and water is 15-25 times of Herba Dendrobii weight.
6. the processing method of Herba Dendrobii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the drying temperature during step 3) is dry
60-70 DEG C, drying time 2-4h.
7. the processing method of Herba Dendrobii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that crush: by dry Herba Dendrobii
It carries out being ground into impalpable powder.
8. the processing method of Herba Dendrobii according to claim 7, which is characterized in that impalpable powder described in crushing refers to grain
Diameter be 75-90 μm, refer to can all by No. eight i.e. 150 mesh of sieve, and containing can by No. nine sieve i.e. 200 mesh be no less than 95% powder
End.
9. a kind of method for promoting Herba Dendrobii ethanol soluble extractives content and dendrobium polysaccharide content, to the Herba Dendrobii of harvesting into
Row steams, and takes out to immerse in cold water immediately after steaming and impregnate, take out after immersion and dry moisture, eliminate the leaf sheath of Herba Dendrobii, contracts
Short drying time shortens the time that Herba Dendrobii is in half dry and wet state, inactivates the plant enzyme in Herba Dendrobii.
10. the method according to claim 9 for promoting Herba Dendrobii ethanol soluble extractives content and dendrobium polysaccharide content,
It is characterized in that, steam 10-100min, cold water water temperature is 2-10 DEG C, and water is 1-100 times of Herba Dendrobii weight, soaking time
For 1-2min.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110755552A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-07 | 贵州天诚农业科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method of herba dendrobii powder |
| CN110841004A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-02-28 | 贵州天诚农业科技发展有限公司 | Process for extracting dendrobium candidum extract from dendrobium candidum at low temperature through hot reflux |
-
2019
- 2019-01-21 CN CN201910054529.4A patent/CN109646579A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 张延模等: "《中国石斛品汇集要》", 30 April 2018, 中国医药科技出版社 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110755552A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-07 | 贵州天诚农业科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method of herba dendrobii powder |
| CN110755552B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-11-23 | 贵州天诚农业科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method of herba dendrobii powder |
| CN110841004A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-02-28 | 贵州天诚农业科技发展有限公司 | Process for extracting dendrobium candidum extract from dendrobium candidum at low temperature through hot reflux |
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