CN109644615B - Method for breaking off hard seeds of nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving germination rate - Google Patents
Method for breaking off hard seeds of nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving germination rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109644615B CN109644615B CN201910025100.2A CN201910025100A CN109644615B CN 109644615 B CN109644615 B CN 109644615B CN 201910025100 A CN201910025100 A CN 201910025100A CN 109644615 B CN109644615 B CN 109644615B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breaking off hard seeds of nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving germination rate, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a slurry suspension; 2) adding the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), and fully stirring to uniformly disperse the seeds in the slurry suspension to obtain a seed slurry suspension; 3) pouring the methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension liquid obtained in the step 2), fully stirring, keeping the temperature at room temperature, standing, and carrying out chemical reaction; 4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds in gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2-0.5 g/L, and directly sowing the seeds. The germination rate of the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds treated by the method reaches 95.22% at most, is superior to that of a comparison document, and overcomes the defect that the treatment methods such as hot water treatment, concentrated sulfuric acid chemical treatment, abrasive paper mechanical treatment, low-temperature freezing treatment and the like can break the hardness of the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a method for breaking off hard seeds of nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate.
Background
The Nitraria sibirica pall seeds have hard seed coats, are common seed dormancy forms, are difficult to emerge in a natural sowing state, and are insufficient in emergence rate. At present, common effective methods for breaking dormancy of hard seeds mainly comprise: hot water treatment, concentrated sulfuric acid chemical treatment, sand paper mechanical treatment, low-temperature freezing treatment and the like.
In the prior art, the 'report on mountain agriculture biology' 2011 vol 30 th 4 discloses a study on a method for breaking hard seeds of nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds, and 3 methods are adopted to pretreat the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds: the method comprises the following steps of sulfuric acid treatment, sodium hydroxide treatment and hot water soaking:
1. sulfuric acid treatment: soaking the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds in 98%, 70%, 40%, 20% and 10% sulfuric acid for 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min, 40min and 60min, respectively.
2. Sodium hydroxide treatment: soaking the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds in 40% and 10% sodium hydroxide for 10min, 20min, 40min, 60min, 80min and 120min, respectively, and washing with tap water.
3. Soaking seeds in hot water: soaking the seeds in hot water of 50 deg.C, 75 deg.C and 100 deg.C respectively, and naturally cooling at room temperature.
In the prior art, Guizhou agricultural science 2010, volume 38, No. 5 discloses the following method:
1. concentrated sulfuric acid treatment
Soaking the seed of Nitraria sibirica pall in concentrated sulfuric acid (concentration 98% and specific gravity of 1.84) for 40min, 30min, 25min, 20min and 10min respectively. After treatment, washing with clear water for 5min, soaking in 45 deg.C water for 24h to promote imbibition, taking out every 2h for 30min during soaking to allow the tested seeds to breathe sufficiently, sterilizing with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 20min, washing, placing into culture dish filled with filter paper, each dish having 100 granules, and repeating each treatment for 5 times.
2. Hot water treatment
Soaking the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds with water with initial temperature of 50 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 80 deg.C, 90 deg.C and 100 deg.C for 24 hr, taking out every 2 hr for 30min during soaking process to make the seeds have sufficient oxygen respiration, sterilizing with 0.3% potassium permanganate for 20min, washing, and placing into culture dish with filter paper. 100 per dish, 5 replicates per treatment.
3. Abrasive treatment
Mixing Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds with a certain amount of crushed stones and gravel, putting the mixture into a stirring oscillator for stirring oscillation until the surfaces of the seeds are rough and fluffy but the seeds are not crushed, soaking the seeds in water at 45 ℃ for 24 hours to promote the seeds to swell, taking the seeds out every 2 hours during the soaking process for 30 minutes to ensure that the tested seeds can breathe sufficiently, disinfecting the seeds for 20 minutes by 0.3 percent potassium permanganate, washing the seeds, and putting the seeds into a culture dish padded with filter paper. 100 per dish, 5 replicates per treatment.
In the prior art, the influence of different treatment times of hydrogen peroxide with the same concentration on the sprouting of the nitraria tangutorum, which is provided by the national working office of livestock and poultry variety improvement in the Huihuan county, Guizhou province, discloses that the seeds are completely soaked by hydrogen peroxide with the concentration of 3%, the soaking time is respectively set to three soaking time levels of 10min, 20min and 30min, 3 parts of 20 seeds are randomly weighed from the seeds to be tested and placed in three beakers with the soaking time levels, the soaked hydrogen peroxide is taken out after each treatment level reaches the time, and the seeds are washed by clean water for 3 times.
In the prior art, the "study on hard seed and germination characteristics of nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds" at volume 29 and stage 12 of 2010 discloses the following contents:
1. concentrated sulfuric acid treatment: soaking the seeds in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min and 60min, taking out, immediately washing with tap water, finally washing with distilled water, placing in culture dishes paved with filter paper, adding distilled water, placing at 25 ℃ for germination test, placing 20 seeds in each culture dish, and repeating the treatment for 3 times.
2. And (3) hot water treatment: soaking the seeds in hot water of 100 deg.C, 80 deg.C and 65 deg.C respectively, covering, naturally cooling, placing in culture dish after 24 hr for germination test, placing 20 seeds in each culture dish, and repeating each treatment for 3 times.
3. Hormone treatment: the seeds were soaked with 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 200mg/L IAA, GA and NAA, respectively, for 24h, washed with distilled water after removal, and then placed in petri dishes for germination tests at 25 ℃ with 20 seeds placed in each petri dish, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.
4. Mechanical peeling treatment: the seeds were split with a razor blade, imbibed for 24h and placed in petri dishes for germination testing at 25 ℃, 20 seeds were placed in each petri dish, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.
As is clear from the above disclosure, studies on treatment methods of the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds, such as sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, hot water seed soaking, sand wiping, mechanical treatment, and hormone treatment, have been disclosed in the prior art, based on the hard-seed and germination characteristics of the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds.
However, the prior art methods of treating Nitraria tangutorum seeds have the following drawbacks:
1. the method for treating the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds by acid has the following defects:
1) different experiments show that the seeds are treated by sulfuric acid directly, and the excessive concentration or the excessive treatment time can cause the excessive burnt area of the seeds to reduce or lose the activity.
2) The concentration is too low or the treatment time is too short, and the seeds with part of compact seed coats still keep a hard state, so that the seed waste is caused.
3) During the acid treatment process, high concentrations of sulfuric acid pose a threat to operator, machinery and environmental safety.
4) During the acid treatment process, part of seed coats of non-hard seeds are damaged, and furfural and water are generated by the reaction of sugar in the seeds and sulfuric acid, so that the seeds in the treatment process are swelled or heated, and the vitality is lost.
5) It is easy to pollute the environment.
2. Seed soaking treatment in hot water: the ideal time length of constant high temperature treatment can not be ensured in the operation process, and the germination rate is lower.
3. Mechanical treatment of sand paper: the operation is not easy, the time and the labor are wasted, and meanwhile, the seed coat is worn due to improper operation.
4. Low-temperature freezing treatment: the seed coat removing effect for different seeds is inconsistent, and the popularization is difficult.
5. Hormone treatment: the condition of the hard and solid seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr cannot be directly broken by the single hormone treatment, and the effect of promoting the germination of the seeds is not obvious.
6. Sodium hydroxide treatment: easy deliquescence, strong alkaline substance damage to seeds, and general germination rate improving effect.
7. Hydrogen peroxide treatment: the effect of promoting the germination of the seeds is not obvious.
Therefore, the invention provides a new treatment method for overcoming the defects of hot water treatment, concentrated sulfuric acid chemical treatment, sand paper mechanical treatment, low-temperature freezing treatment, hormone treatment, sodium hydroxide treatment, hydrogen peroxide treatment and other methods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of hard seed germination of the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds in the background art.
The invention also aims to provide a method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparing a slurry suspension;
2) adding the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), and fully stirring to uniformly disperse the seeds in the slurry suspension to obtain a seed slurry suspension;
3) pouring the methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension liquid obtained in the step 2), fully stirring, keeping the temperature at room temperature, standing, and carrying out chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds in gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2-0.5 mg/L, and directly sowing the seeds.
The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate specifically comprises the step 1) of preparing the slurry suspension with the mass fraction of 50-70% according to the proportion of 50-70 g of soil dissolved in 100g of water.
The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate specifically comprises the step 2) of adding the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the volume ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 3: 1-1: 1.
The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate specifically comprises the step 2) of fully stirring for 3-5 min.
The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate specifically comprises the step 3) of analyzing the purity of the methanol solution, wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension is 3: 1-1: 1.
The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate specifically comprises the step 3), wherein the standing time is 10-20 min.
The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate specifically comprises the step 3) of keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃.
The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate specifically comprises the step 4), wherein the gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2-0.5 mg/L is soaked for 10-16 h.
The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate specifically comprises the step 4), wherein the gibberellin with the concentration of 0.3mg/L is soaked for 12-14 h.
The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate specifically comprises the step 4), wherein the gibberellin with the concentration of 0.4mg/L is soaked for 13 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. firstly, the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds are added into slurry suspension liquid in a proper proportion, so that the seeds are uniformly dispersed and fully moistened in the slurry suspension liquid, the seeds are imbibed and swelled, the activity of the seeds is improved, meanwhile, in the process of adding methanol to generate chemical reaction, the damage to seed coats in the chemical reaction process is avoided, and the slurry liquid plays a certain role in protecting the seeds; the method solves the technical problems of seed vitality loss and low germination rate caused by directly carrying out acid treatment, hot water treatment and sand wiping treatment on the seeds in the prior art.
2. The invention adds the methanol solution into the treated seed slurry suspension, and explores the proper chemical reaction condition, concretely, the time of fully stirring is 3 min-5 min, the proper room temperature is 25 ℃, the proper standing time is 10 min-20 min, the optimal ratio of the methanol solution and the slurry suspension is 1:1, because the proper chemical reaction condition is explored, the seeds treated by the methanol solution have the following effects:
1) the germination rate is high;
2) the excessive burn area of the seeds can not be caused to reduce or lose the vitality, and the seeds are saved;
3) the method is safe and has no pollution to the environment;
4) the invention does not need high temperature, so the temperature is easy to control;
5) the invention does not directly use mechanical contact seed shells, thus not causing seed coat abrasion.
3. The method of the invention cleans the seeds and then soaks the seeds for 12h to 16h with gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2mg/L to 0.5mg/L, and then seeds are directly sown, in the method, methanol and gibberellin are used in combination, and the combination of the two substances can improve the seed imbibition rate and further improve the germination rate.
4. The germination rate of the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds treated by the method reaches 95.22 percent at most, and is superior to that of a comparison document.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of specific examples.
Example 1
Method for breaking off hard seeds of nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving germination rate
1) Preparing slurry suspension with the mass fraction of 50% according to the proportion of 50g of soil dissolved in every 100g of water;
2) adding the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the volume ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 3:1, and fully stirring for 3min to uniformly disperse the seeds in the slurry suspension to obtain a seed slurry suspension;
3) pouring a methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension liquid obtained in the step 2), wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension liquid is 3:1, fully stirring for 3min, keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃, standing for 10min, and carrying out chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds in gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2mg/L for 10 hours, and then directly sowing the seeds.
Example 2
Method for breaking off hard seeds of nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving germination rate
1) Preparing slurry suspension with the mass fraction of 70% according to the proportion of dissolving 70g of soil in every 100g of water;
2) adding the nitraria tangutorum seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 1:1, fully stirring for 5min to uniformly disperse the seeds in the slurry suspension to obtain a seed slurry suspension;
3) pouring a methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension in the step 2), wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension is 1:1, fully stirring for 5min, keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃, standing for 20min, and carrying out chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds for 16h by using gibberellin with the concentration of 0.5mg/L, and then directly sowing the seeds.
Example 3
Method for breaking off hard seeds of nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving germination rate
1) Preparing slurry suspension with the mass fraction of 60% according to the proportion of 60g of soil dissolved in every 100g of water;
2) adding the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the volume ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 2:1, and fully stirring for 3min to uniformly disperse the seeds in the slurry suspension to obtain a seed slurry suspension;
3) pouring a methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension in the step 2), wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension is 1:1, fully stirring for 4min, keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃, standing for 15min, and carrying out chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds for 13h by using gibberellin with the concentration of 0.3mg/L, and then directly sowing the seeds.
Example 4
Method for breaking off hard seeds of nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving germination rate
1) Preparing slurry suspension with the mass fraction of 60% according to the proportion of 60g of soil dissolved in every 100g of water;
2) adding the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the volume ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 2:1, and fully stirring for 4min to uniformly disperse the seeds in the slurry suspension to obtain a seed slurry suspension;
3) pouring a methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension in the step 2), wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension is 1:1, fully stirring for 4min, keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃, standing for 15min, and carrying out chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds for 12 hours by using gibberellin with the concentration of 0.3mg/L, and then directly sowing the seeds.
Example 5
Method for breaking off hard seeds of nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving germination rate
1) Preparing slurry suspension with the mass fraction of 60% according to the proportion of 60g of soil dissolved in every 100g of water;
2) adding the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the volume ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 2:1, and fully stirring for 4min to uniformly disperse the seeds in the slurry suspension to obtain a seed slurry suspension;
3) pouring a methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension in the step 2), wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension is 1:1, fully stirring for 4min, keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃, standing for 20min, and carrying out chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds for 14 hours by using gibberellin with the concentration of 0.3mg/L, and then directly sowing the seeds.
To further verify the scientificity of the method of the present invention, the inventors performed a series of experiments, as follows:
test materials: the test seeds are wild Nitraria scholaris seeds collected from the Bijie of Guizhou, the purity is 96.32%, the water content is 6.2%, and the seeds are light yellow and oval.
Experimental example 1
1. In order to investigate the germination rate of the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds treated by the slurry suspension liquid ratios in different proportions, the following method is adopted for investigation:
1) setting four proportions of 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% of soil and water by mass fraction to prepare slurry suspension;
2) adding the nitraria tangutorum seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the volume ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 2:1, fully stirring for 3-5 min to uniformly disperse the seeds in the slurry suspension to obtain a seed slurry suspension;
3) pouring a methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension in the step 2), wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension is 3: 1-1: 1, fully stirring for 3-5 min, keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃, standing for 10-20 min, and carrying out chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds for 10 to 16 hours by gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2 to 0.5mg/L, and then directly sowing the seeds.
2. Blank control group: the Nitraria tangutorum seeds were not subjected to any treatment.
3. The germination rates of the Nitraria tangutorum seeds treated with the slurry suspensions in different proportions are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 tables of germination percentage results of nitraria tangutorum seeds treated with slurry suspensions of different proportions
As can be seen from the above table, the slurry suspension is preferably at a concentration of 60%, with a possible concentration of 50%, preferably 70%.
Experimental example 2
1. In order to investigate the germination rates of the slurry suspension and the nitraria tangutorum seeds in different proportions, the following methods are used for investigating:
1) preparing slurry suspension with the mass fraction of 60% according to the proportion of 60g of soil dissolved in every 100g of water;
2) adding the nitraria tangutorum seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the volume ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is set to be 3: 1. 2: 1. 1:1, fully stirring for 3-5 min to uniformly disperse the seeds in the slurry suspension to obtain a seed slurry suspension;
3) pouring a methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension in the step 2), wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension is 3: 1-1: 1, fully stirring for 3-5 min, keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃, standing for 10-20 min, and carrying out chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds for 10 to 16 hours by gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2 to 0.5mg/L, and then directly sowing the seeds.
2. Blank control group: the Nitraria tangutorum seeds were not subjected to any treatment.
3. The results of the germination rates of the slurry suspensions and the nitraria tangutorum seeds in different proportions are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 table of germination percentage results of different proportions of slurry suspensions and Nitraria tangutorum seeds
| Serial number | Slurry suspension: nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds | Germination rate |
| 1 | 3:1 | 92.36％ |
| 2 | 2:1 | 94.87％ |
| 3 | 1:1 | 93.71％ |
| 4 | Blank control group | 9.56％ |
As can be seen from the above table, the preferable volume ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 2:1, the feasible ratio is 3:1, and the preferable ratio is 1: 1.
Experimental example 3
1. In order to examine the uniform dispersion degree of the seeds with different stirring time in the slurry suspension after the slurry suspension is mixed with the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds, the following method is used for examining:
1) preparing slurry suspension with the mass fraction of 60% according to the proportion of 60g of soil dissolved in every 100g of water;
2) adding the nitraria tangutorum seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 2:1, mixing the slurry suspension with the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds, and setting the stirring time for 1min, 2min, 3min, 4min and 5min to obtain the seed slurry suspension.
3) Pouring a methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension liquid obtained in the step 2), wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension liquid is 3: 1-1: 1, fully stirring for 3-5 min, keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃, standing for 10-20 min, and carrying out chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds for 10 to 16 hours by gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2 to 0.5mg/L, and then directly sowing the seeds.
2. The results of different mixing times after mixing the slurry suspension with the nitraria tangutorum seeds are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 results of different mixing times of slurry suspension and Nitraria sibirica seeds
| Serial number | Mixing time (min) | Results |
| 1 | 1 | The seeds are not uniformly dispersed in the slurry suspension |
| 2 | 2 | The seeds are not uniformly dispersed in the slurry suspension |
| 3 | 3 | The seeds are uniformly dispersed in the slurry suspension |
| 4 | 4 | The seeds are uniformly dispersed in the slurry suspension |
| 5 | 5 | The seeds are uniformly dispersed in the slurry suspension |
From the above table, it can be seen that the seeds are not uniformly dispersed in the slurry suspension by stirring for 1min and 2min, and are uniformly dispersed by stirring for 3min, 4min and 5min, preferably for 3min, and then for 4min and 5min from the viewpoint of saving time.
Experimental example 4
1. In order to investigate the germination rates of the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds in different proportions of methanol solution and seed slurry suspension, the investigation is carried out according to the following method:
1) preparing slurry suspension with the mass fraction of 60% according to the proportion of 60g of soil dissolved in every 100g of water;
2) adding the nitraria tangutorum seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 2:1, mixing the slurry suspension with the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds, and stirring for 3min to obtain a seed slurry suspension;
3) pouring a methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension liquid obtained in the step 2), wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension liquid is 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1, fully stirring for 3-5 min, keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃, standing for 10-20 min, and carrying out chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds for 10 to 16 hours by gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2 to 0.5mg/L, and then directly sowing the seeds.
2. Blank control group: the Nitraria tangutorum seeds were not subjected to any treatment.
3. The germination rate results for the methanol solution and the seed slurry suspension in different ratios are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 germination percentage results of different proportions of methanol solution and seed slurry suspension
| Serial number | Methanol solution: seed slurry suspension | Germination rate |
| 1 | 3:1 | 92.96％ |
| 2 | 2:1 | 94.79％ |
| 3 | 1:1 | 95.12％ |
| 4 | Blank control group | 10.59％ |
As is clear from table 4, the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension was 1:1, which is the preferred ratio because the germination rate of the seeds was the highest; the feasible ratio is 3: 1; preferably in a ratio of 2: 1.
Experimental example 5
1. In order to examine the germination rate of the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds under different standing times of the seed slurry suspension added with the methanol solution, the following method is adopted for examination:
1) preparing slurry suspension with the mass fraction of 60% according to the proportion of 60g of soil dissolved in every 100g of water;
2) adding the nitraria tangutorum seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 2:1, mixing the slurry suspension with the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds, and stirring for 3min to obtain a seed slurry suspension;
3) pouring a methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension liquid obtained in the step 2), wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension liquid is 1:1, fully stirring for 3-5 min, keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃, and setting the standing time to be 10min, 15min, 20min and 25min for carrying out chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds for 10 to 16 hours by gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2 to 0.5mg/L, and then directly sowing the seeds.
2. Blank control group: the Nitraria tangutorum seeds were not subjected to any treatment.
3. The germination rate results for the slurry suspension added with methanol solution at different standing times are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 germination percentage results of Nitraria tangutorum seeds at different standing times of slurry suspension with methanol solution added
| Serial number | Standing time (min) | Germination rate |
| 1 | 10 | 78.42％ |
| 2 | 15 | 94.52％ |
| 3 | 20 | 93.18％ |
| 4 | 25 | 92.52％ |
| 5 | Blank control group | 10.12％ |
As can be seen from Table 5, the germination rate is highest after standing for 15min, so that standing for 15min is a preferred solution, a better solution is standing for 20min, and a feasible solution is standing for 25 min.
Experimental example 6
1. In order to investigate the germination rate of the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds after seed soaking by using gibberellins with different concentrations, the following method is adopted for investigation:
1) preparing slurry suspension with the mass fraction of 60% according to the proportion of 60g of soil dissolved in every 100g of water;
2) adding the nitraria tangutorum seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 2:1, mixing the slurry suspension with the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds, and stirring for 3min to obtain seed slurry suspension;
3) pouring a methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension liquid obtained in the step 2), wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension liquid is 1:1, fully stirring for 3-5 min, keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃, and standing for 15min for chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds for 10 to 16 hours by gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2mg/L, 0.3mg/L, 0.4mg/L and 0.5mg/L, and then directly sowing the seeds.
2. Blank control group: the Nitraria tangutorum seeds were not subjected to any treatment.
The germination rate results of the Nitraria sibirica pall after seed soaking with gibberellins of different concentrations are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 tables of germination percentage results of Nitraria sibirica Miq seeds after seed soaking with gibberellins of various concentrations
| Serial number | Gibberellin concentration | Germination rate |
| 1 | 0.2mg/L | 92.38％ |
| 2 | 0.3mg/L | 94.89％ |
| 3 | 0.4mg/L | 93.54％ |
| 4 | 0.5mg/L | 93.12％ |
| 5 | Blank control group | 9.89％ |
As can be seen from the above table, the concentration of gibberellin is preferably 0.3mg/L, with a feasible concentration of 0.2mg/L, preferably 0.4mg/L and 0.5 mg/L.
Experimental example 7
1. In order to investigate the germination rates of the Nitraria sibirica seeds at different seed soaking times after gibberellin is used, the following methods are adopted for investigation:
1) preparing slurry suspension with the mass fraction of 60% according to the proportion of 60g of soil dissolved in every 100g of water;
2) adding the nitraria tangutorum seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1), wherein the ratio of the slurry suspension to the seeds is 2:1, mixing the slurry suspension with the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds, and stirring for 3min to obtain a seed slurry suspension;
3) pouring a methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension liquid obtained in the step (2), wherein the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension liquid is 2:1, fully stirring for 3-5 min, keeping the room temperature at 25 ℃, and standing for 15min to perform chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds for 10h, 12h, 13h, 14h and 16h by using gibberellin with the concentration of 0.3mg/L, and then directly sowing the seeds.
2. Blank control group: the Nitraria tangutorum seeds were not subjected to any treatment.
3. The germination rate results of the Nitraria sibirica pall seeds at different seed soaking times after gibberellin application are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 tables showing germination rates of Nitraria sibirica seeds at different times after gibberellin soaking
| Serial number | Seed soaking time | Germination rate |
| 1 | 10h | 90.32％ |
| 2 | 12h | 92.49％ |
| 3 | 13h | 95.20％ |
| 4 | 14h | 94.18％ |
| 5 | 16h | 93.30％ |
| 6 | Blank control group | 11.12％ |
As can be seen from the above table, the time for soaking the seeds with gibberellin is preferably 13 hours, more preferably 14 hours, 16 hours, or 12 hours, and the feasible time is 10 hours.
Experimental example 8
In order to examine the germination rates of the Nitraria sibirica seeds treated by different methods, the methods of examples 1-5 of the present invention were selected and examined with the comparative examples of the prior art, and the results are shown in Table 8.
First, test method
1. The invention comprises the following steps:
the method of examples 1-5.
2. Comparative example 1:
1) the source is as follows: "proceedings of mountain agriculture biology" No. 30, No. 4 of 2011, research on methods for breaking hard seeds of Nitraria tangutorum bobr.
2) The method comprises the following steps: sulfuric acid treatment: soaking the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds in 98%, 70%, 40%, 20% and 10% sulfuric acid for 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min, 40min and 60min, respectively.
3. Comparative example 2:
1) the source is as follows: "proceedings of mountain agriculture biology" No. 30, No. 4 of 2011, research on methods for breaking hard seeds of Nitraria tangutorum bobr.
2) The method comprises the following steps: sodium hydroxide treatment: soaking the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds in 40% and 10% sodium hydroxide for 10min, 20min, 40min, 60min, 80min and 120min, respectively. After the treatment, the sulfuric acid and the sodium hydroxide are washed clean by tap water.
4. Comparative example 3:
1) the source is as follows: "proceedings of mountain agriculture biology" No. 30, No. 4 of 2011, research on methods for breaking hard seeds of Nitraria tangutorum bobr.
2) The method comprises the following steps: soaking seeds in hot water: soaking the seeds in hot water of 50 deg.C, 75 deg.C and 100 deg.C respectively, and naturally cooling at room temperature.
5. Comparative example 4:
1) the source is as follows: guizhou agricultural science, vol.2010, 38, No. 5, discussing different treatment methods of the hard seed of Nitraria sibirica pall.
2) The method comprises the following steps: sulfuric acid treatment: the concentrated sulfuric acid treatment comprises soaking the seed of Aralia mandshurica in concentrated sulfuric acid (concentration 98% and specific gravity of 1.84) for 40min, 30min, 25min, 20min and 10min respectively. After treatment, the mixture is firstly washed by clean water for 5min and then soaked by water with the temperature of 45 ℃ for 24h to promote the imbibition. Taking out every 2h for 30min during soaking to allow the tested seeds to have sufficient breath, sterilizing with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 20min, washing, placing into culture dish filled with filter paper, and repeating each treatment for 5 times, wherein each culture dish contains 100 granules.
6. Comparative example 5:
1) the source is as follows: guizhou agricultural science, vol.2010, 38, No. 5, discussing different treatment methods of the hard seed of Nitraria sibirica pall.
2) The method comprises the following steps: and (3) hot water treatment: soaking the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds with water with initial temperature of 50 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 80 deg.C, 90 deg.C and 100 deg.C for 24 hr, taking out every 2 hr for 30min during soaking process to make the seeds have sufficient oxygen respiration, sterilizing with 0.3% potassium permanganate for 20min, washing, and placing into culture dish with filter paper. 100 per dish, 5 replicates per treatment.
7. Comparative example 6:
1) the source is as follows: guizhou agricultural science, vol.2010, 38, No. 5, discussing different treatment methods of the hard seed of Nitraria sibirica pall.
2) The method comprises the following steps: sand wiping treatment: mixing Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds with a certain amount of crushed stones and gravel, putting the mixture into a stirring oscillator, stirring and oscillating until the surfaces of the seeds are rough and fluffy but the seeds are not crushed, and soaking the seeds in water at 45 ℃ for 24 hours to promote the seeds to swell. Taking out every 2h for 30min during soaking to allow the tested seeds to breathe sufficiently, sterilizing with 0.3% potassium permanganate for 20min, washing, and placing into a culture dish filled with filter paper. 100 per dish, 5 replicates per treatment.
8. Comparative example 7:
1) the source is as follows: the livestock and poultry variety improvement of rural working bureau in Huihuan county of Guizhou province is equivalent to the influence of different treatment times of hydrogen peroxide with the same concentration in shallow precipitation on the germination of the nitraria tangutorum bobr.
2) The method comprises the following steps: soaking the seeds with hydrogen peroxide: completely soaking the seeds in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 10min, 20min and 30min, and randomly weighing 3 parts of 20 seeds from the tested seeds and placing the seeds in beakers with three soaking levels. And taking out the soaked hydrogen peroxide after each treatment level reaches the time, and cleaning the seeds for 3 times by using clear water.
9. Blank control group: the Nitraria tangutorum seeds were not treated at all.
TABLE 8 germination percentage results of Nitraria tangutorum seeds treated by different methods
| Group of | Treating agent | Germination rate |
| Blank group | Control (without any treatment) | 7.26％ |
| Inventive example 1 | Adding methanol solution for treatment | 93.57％ |
| Inventive example 2 | Adding methanol solution for treatment | 92.45％ |
| Inventive example 3 | Adding methanol solution for treatment | 95.22％ |
| Inventive example 4 | Adding methanol solution for treatment | 93.65％ |
| Inventive example 5 | Adding methanol solution for treatment | 94.18％ |
| Comparative example 1 | Sulfuric acid treatment | 92.30% (highest germination) |
| Comparative example 2 | Sodium hydroxide treatment | 15.21% (highest germination) |
| Comparative example 3 | Soaking seeds in hot water | 10.12% (highest germination) |
| Comparative example 4 | Concentrated sulfuric acid treatment | 66.79% (highest germination) |
| Comparative example 5 | Hot water treatment | 53.98% (highest germination) |
| Comparative example 6 | Abrasive treatment | 30.87 (highest germination) |
| Comparative example 7 | Hydrogen peroxide treatment | 59.15% (highest germination) |
As can be seen from the above table, the germination rate of the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds treated by the method of the invention reaches 95.22% at most, which is superior to that of the comparison document.
To summarize: the invention solves the defects of methods such as hot water treatment, concentrated sulfuric acid chemical treatment, sand paper mechanical treatment, low-temperature freezing treatment, hormone treatment, sodium hydroxide treatment, hydrogen peroxide treatment and the like in the prior art, and compared with a comparison file, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. firstly, the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds are added into slurry suspension liquid in a proper proportion, so that the seeds are uniformly dispersed and fully moistened in the slurry suspension liquid, the seeds are imbibed and swelled, the activity of the seeds is improved, meanwhile, in the process of adding methanol to generate chemical reaction, the damage to seed coats in the chemical reaction process is avoided, and the slurry liquid plays a certain role in protecting the seeds; the method solves the technical problems of seed vitality loss and low germination rate caused by directly carrying out acid treatment, hot water treatment and sand wiping treatment on the seeds in the prior art.
2. The invention adds the methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension liquid after being processed, and explores the proper chemical reaction condition, in particular the time of fully stirring is 3 min-5 min, the proper room temperature is 25 ℃, the proper standing time is 10-20 min, the optimal proportion of the methanol solution and the slurry suspension liquid is 1:1, because the proper chemical reaction condition is explored, the seeds processed by the methanol solution have the following effects:
1) the germination rate is high;
2) the excessive burn area of the seeds can not be caused to reduce or lose the vitality, and the seeds are saved;
3) the method is safe and has no pollution to the environment;
4) the invention does not need high temperature, so the temperature is easy to control;
5) the invention does not directly use mechanical contact seed shells, thus not causing seed coat abrasion.
3. The method of the invention cleans the seeds and then soaks the seeds for 12h to 16h with gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2mg/L to 0.5mg/L, and then seeds are directly sown, in the method, methanol and gibberellin are used in combination, and the combination of the two substances can improve the seed imbibition rate and further improve the germination rate.
4. The germination rate of the nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds treated by the method reaches 95.22 percent at most, and is superior to that of a comparison document.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain changes and modifications may be made therein based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A method for breaking off hard seeds of nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving germination rate is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) preparing a slurry suspension;
2) adding the Nitraria tangutorum seeds into the slurry suspension obtained in the step 1) according to the volume ratio of 3: 1-1: 1 of the slurry suspension to obtain a seed slurry suspension by fully stirring the Nitraria tangutorum seeds to uniformly disperse the seeds in the slurry suspension;
3) pouring the analytically pure methanol solution into the seed slurry suspension in the step 2) according to the ratio of the methanol solution to the seed slurry suspension of 3: 1-1: 1, fully stirring, keeping the temperature at room temperature, standing for 10-20 min, and carrying out chemical reaction;
4) cleaning the seeds after the chemical reaction in the step 3), soaking the seeds in gibberellin with the concentration of 0.2-0.5 mg/L, and directly sowing the seeds.
2. The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slurry suspension in the step 1) is prepared by dissolving 50-70 g of soil in 100g of water, and the mass fraction of the slurry suspension is 50-70%.
3. The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sufficient stirring time in the step 2) is 3-5 min.
4. The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate of the nitraria tangutorum bobr according to claim 1, wherein the room temperature in the step 3) is 25 ℃.
5. The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gibberellin concentration in the step 4) is 0.2mg/L to 0.5mg/L, and the seed soaking time is 10h to 16 h.
6. The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the gibberellin with the concentration of 0.3mg/L in the step 4) is soaked for 12h to 14 h.
7. The method for breaking off the hard seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and improving the germination rate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the gibberellin with the concentration of 0.4mg/L in step 4) is soaked for 13 h.
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