CN109641845B - 用于芳香族氟化的方法 - Google Patents

用于芳香族氟化的方法 Download PDF

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CN109641845B
CN109641845B CN201780043169.7A CN201780043169A CN109641845B CN 109641845 B CN109641845 B CN 109641845B CN 201780043169 A CN201780043169 A CN 201780043169A CN 109641845 B CN109641845 B CN 109641845B
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M·S·桑福德
M·A·辛梅西亚
P·S·汉利
D·布兰
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
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Abstract

公开了氟化方法,其包括向反应混合物中提供氟化试剂和溶剂;向反应混合物中提供具有式Ar‑X的化合物;其中,A是芳基,取代的芳基,杂芳基或取代的杂芳基,X是Cl,Br,I或NO2,向反应混合物中提供四甲基铵2,6‑二甲基苯酚盐;和在足以提供具有式Ar‑F的物质的条件下反应。

Description

用于芳香族氟化的方法
与相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求了2016年7月15日提交的美国临时申请No.62/362,725的优选权权益,将其公开内容整体并入本申请。
背景技术
具有碳-氟(C-F)键的选择性氟化芳香族化合物通常具有生物活性,其可用作许多药物和农用化学品的活性组分。形成这些C-F键的常用策略是通过取代芳基-X键(其中X是例如Cl,Br,NO2)进行亲核性芳香取代。
需要用于使芳香族化合物氟化的改善的方法。
发明内容
从广义上讲,本申请提供了用于制备芳基氟化物的方法,所述方法包括形成包含氟化试剂和具有式Ar-X的化合物(其中,A是芳基,取代的芳基,杂芳基或取代的杂芳基,X是Cl,Br,I或NO2)的反应混合物,任选地在溶剂系统中形成;向反应混合物提供四甲基铵2,6-二甲基苯酚盐;然后允许反应在足以提供具有式Ar-F的物质的条件下反应,其后可以分离所需产物。
氟化方法,其包括向反应混合物中提供氟化试剂和溶剂;向反应混合物中提供具有式Ar-X的化合物(其中,A是芳基,取代的芳基,杂芳基或取代的杂芳基,X是Cl,Br,I或NO2);向反应混合物中提供四甲基铵2,6-二甲基苯酚盐;和在足以提供具有式Ar-F的物质的条件下反应。
具体实施方式
本说明书中使用的“烷基”,无论是单独的还是作为另一基团的一部分(例如,在二烷基氨基中),其都包括具有指定碳原子数的直链,环状和支链脂肪族基团。如果没有指明数字(例如,芳基-烷基-),则预想1个-12个烷基碳。优选的烷基包括而不限于甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,丁基,异丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基,戊基,己基和叔辛基。
术语“杂烷基”是指如上定义的烷基,在所述烷基中,一个或多个杂原子(氮,氧,硫,磷)会取代基团中的一个或多个碳原子,例如醚或硫醚。
“芳基”基团是指衍生自芳环的任何官能团或取代基。在一种情况下,芳基是指包含一个或多个芳环的芳香族部分。在一种情况下,芳基基团是C6-C18芳基基团。在一种情况下,芳基基团是C6-C10芳基基团。在一种情况下,芳基基团是C10-C18芳基基团。芳基基团包含4n+2π电子,其中n是整数。芳环可以稠合或以其它方式连接到一个或多个杂芳基环,芳香族或非芳香族烃环或杂环烷基环上。优选的芳基包括而不限于苯基,萘基,蒽基和芴基。除非另有说明,否则芳基基团任选取代有1个或多个与本申请所述合成相容的取代基。这些取代基包括而不限于:
磺酸酯基团,
含硼基团,
烷基,
硝基,
卤素,
氰基,
-C(O)RA,其中RA表示羟基,烷基,烷氧基,芳基,芳氧基,杂芳基,杂芳基氧基,氨基,单-或二(烷基氨基),
-NRNC(O)RM,其中RN是H或烷基,RM是烷基,芳基或杂芳基,
C2-C8烯烃,和
其它芳香族基团。
其它取代基是本领域已知的。
“杂芳基”是指衍生自芳环并且包含至少一个选自氮,氧和硫的杂原子的任何官能团或取代基。优选地,杂芳基基团是五元环或六元环。杂芳基环可稠合或以其它方式连接至一个或多个杂芳基环,芳香族或非芳香族烃环或杂环烷基环。杂芳基基团的实例包括而不限于吡啶基,嘧啶基,哒嗪基,吡咯基,三嗪基,咪唑基,三唑基,呋喃基,噻吩基,噁唑基,噻唑基。杂芳基基团可任选地取代有一个或多个与本申请所述合成相容的取代基。这些取代基包括而不限于:
氟磺酸酯基团,
磺酸酯基团,
含硼基团,
烷基,
硝基,
卤素,
氰基,
-C(O)RA,其中RA表示羟基,烷基,烷氧基,芳基,芳氧基,杂芳基,杂芳基氧基,氨基,单-或二(烷基氨基),
-NRNC(O)RM,其中RN是H或烷基,RM是烷基,芳基或杂芳基,
C2-C8烯烃,和
其它芳香族基团。
其它取代基是本领域已知的。
“烷氧基”是指任何官能团或取代基具有醚组分,并且可包括直链,支链或环状烷基,芳香族,杂芳族或全氟烷基取代基。
本申请描述了使具有式Ar-X的芳香族化合物氟化的改善的方法,其中A是芳基,取代的芳基,杂芳基或取代的杂芳基,X是Cl,Br,I或NO2。所述方法可由以下方案I表示:
Ar-X+氟化试剂+TMA(Oar)→Ar-F(方案I)
该方法在反应混合物中进行。反应混合物包括氟化物氟化试剂,任选的溶剂,芳香族化合物Ar-X和四甲基铵2,6-二甲基苯酚盐。反应的结果是具有式Ar-F的氟化芳香族化合物。
如方案I所示,向反应混合物中提供氟化试剂。在一种实施方式中,所述氟化试剂是氟磺酸芳基酯(aryl fluorosulfonate)(也称为氟磺酸芳基酯(arylsulfurofluoridate))。氟磺酸芳基酯是具有–OSO2F取代基的芳基化合物。在一种情况下,氟磺酸芳基酯的芳基基团进一步取代。
在另一种实施方式中,氟化试剂是氟磺酸杂芳基酯(heteroarylfluorosulfonate)(也称为氟磺酸杂芳基酯(heteroaryl sulfurofluoridate))。在一种情况下,氟磺酸杂芳基酯的杂芳基基团进一步取代。氟磺酸芳基酯是具有–OSO2F取代基的杂芳基化合物。
在另一种实施方式中,氟化试剂是磺酰氟,即SO2F2,其是气体和可作为熏蒸剂商购可得。可将磺酰氟溶解到反应混合物中,优选通过使气体鼓泡到混合物中进行。在一种实施方式中,在加入到反应混合物之前,将磺酰氟鼓泡到溶剂中。
方案I所示的反应可在溶剂存在下进行。或者,当起始物料和产物两者例如在室温均为液体时,反应可在不存在溶剂下进行(即,简洁的),以简化产物分离和纯化。
在采用溶剂的反应中,溶剂可以是极性非质子溶剂。适宜的极性非质子溶剂的实例包括二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),二甲亚砜(DMSO),N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP),二甲基乙酰胺(DMA),1,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢-2(1H)-嘧啶酮(DMPU),二甲基乙酰胺(DMA),二氯甲烷(DCM),乙腈,乙酸乙酯,六甲基磷酰三胺(HMPT)和1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮(DMI)。
或者,溶剂是烷氧基醚溶剂。适宜的烷氧基醚溶剂的实例包括四氢呋喃(THF),二乙二醇二甲醚和二甲氧基乙烷(DME)。在一种情况下,用于反应的其它适宜溶剂是腈溶剂。苄腈是适宜的腈溶剂的实例。
用于反应的其它溶剂是芳香族溶剂,例如甲苯。
在采用溶剂的某些实施方式中,将另外的溶剂加入到反应混合物中,所述另外的溶剂与其中溶解磺酰氟的溶剂分开。该另外的溶剂优选是极性非质子溶剂。
如上所述,反应混合物包含四烷基铵酚盐。本申请使用的术语“酚根”是指具有下式的基团:
Figure BDA0001942536540000041
其中
n是0或1,2,3,4或5;
Z表示O或S;和
R1各自独立地表示C1-C6烷基,C2-C6烯基,硝基,卤素,氰基,CO2R2,其中R2各自是氢,C1-C6烷基,氨基,(C1-C6烷基)氨基,或二(C1-C6烷基)氨基,芳基,或杂芳基。
适宜的四烷基铵酚盐的代表性实例包括其中如下的化合物:
n是0,Z是O或S;
n是1,Z是O或S,和R1是甲基;
n是2,Z是O或S,和每个R1都是甲基。
在一种实施方式中,四烷基铵酚盐是四甲基铵2,6-二甲基苯酚盐,例如以下中的一种:
Figure BDA0001942536540000051
在另一实施方式中,四烷基铵酚盐是四甲基铵硫代苯酚盐,例如:
Figure BDA0001942536540000052
优选地,反应在基本无水的环境中进行。通常,随着反应中水的量增加,产物收率降低。
反应方案优选在0℃至130℃的反应温度进行。在一种情况下,反应温度是25℃至80℃。通常,反应混合物容纳在密封容器中。允许反应混合物反应持续足以提供所需产物的时间,例如24小时。
在一种实施方式中,反应混合物包含3至10当量的在反应混合物中的氟化试剂,例如磺酰氟,基于芳香族起始物料Ar-X的量。在一种实施方式中,反应混合物包含4当量的氟化试剂,例如磺酰氟。在另一实施方式中,反应混合物包含2至3当量的四烷基铵酚盐。在一种情况下,反应混合物包含2.5当量的四烷基铵酚盐。这些当量是基于加入到反应混合物的芳香族化合物A-X的摩尔量计算的。
在一种情况下,所述反应混合物不包含催化剂。本申请所述反应方案的一个益处是该方案在不使用催化剂的情况下进行。
本申请公开的方法进一步通过以下实施例说明,其不能解释为将公开主题的范围或精神限制为具体的步骤和其中所述的化合物。
实施例
实施例1
Figure BDA0001942536540000061
在手套箱中,向小瓶中加入如下物质:5-氯-6-苯基吡啶甲酸异丙酯(0.050mmol,1当量),四甲基铵2,6-二甲基苯酚盐(TMA(OAr))(0.125mmol,2.5当量),和磺酰氟(0.14M在DMF中的溶液,0.200mmol,4当量,使磺酰氟气体鼓泡通过DMF来制备)。将DMF(0.07mL)加入到反应中使总浓度为0.033M。将小瓶用聚四氟乙烯内衬盖密封,并且允许在室温搅拌24小时。24小时后,将反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,并且加入内标(4-氟苯甲醚)。将粗制反应混合物通过19F NMR光谱和GCMS分析,表明98%的收率。
实施例2
Figure BDA0001942536540000062
在手套箱中,向小瓶中加入如下物质:4-硝基苯基(苯基)甲酮(0.050mmol,1当量),四甲基铵2,6-二甲基苯酚盐(0.125mmol,2.5当量),和磺酰氟(0.14M在DMF中的溶液,0.200mmol,4当量,使磺酰氟气体鼓泡通过DMF来制备)。将DMF(0.07mL)加入到反应中使总浓度为0.033M。将小瓶用聚四氟乙烯内衬盖密封,并且允许在室温搅拌24小时。24小时后,将反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,并且加入内标(4-氟苯甲醚)。将粗制反应混合物通过19FNMR光谱和GCMS分析,表明大于85%的收率。
实施例3
Figure BDA0001942536540000063
在手套箱中,向小瓶中加入如下物质:2-氯喹啉(0.050mmol,1当量),四甲基铵2,6-二甲基苯酚盐(0.125mmol,2.5当量),和磺酰氟(0.14M在DMF中的溶液,0.200mmol,4当量,使磺酰氟气体鼓泡通过DMF来制备)。将DMF(0.07mL)加入到反应中使总浓度为0.033M。将小瓶用聚四氟乙烯内衬盖密封,并且允许在室温搅拌24小时。24小时后,将反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,并且加入内标(4-氟苯甲醚)。将粗制反应混合物通过19F NMR光谱和GCMS分析,表明大于78%的收率。
实施例4
Figure BDA0001942536540000071
在手套箱中,向小瓶中加入如下物质:氟磺酸4-甲氧基苯基酯(0.167mmol,2当量),和四甲基铵2,6-二甲基苯酚盐(0.125mmol,1.5当量)。将DMF(0.07mL)加入到反应中使总浓度为0.033M。将小瓶用聚四氟乙烯内衬盖密封,并且允许在室温搅拌15分钟。向小瓶中加入5-氯-6-苯基吡啶甲酸异丙酯(0.083mmol,1当量)并且允许搅拌24小时。24小时后,将反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,并且加入内标(4-氟苯甲醚)。将粗制反应混合物通过19F NMR光谱和GCMS分析,表明大于82%的收率。
实施例5
Figure BDA0001942536540000072
在手套箱中,向小瓶中加入如下物质:氟磺酸4-甲氧基苯基酯(0.167mmol,2当量),和四甲基铵2,6-二甲基苯酚盐(0.125mmol,1.5当量)。将DMF(0.07mL)加入到反应中使总浓度为0.033M。将小瓶用聚四氟乙烯内衬盖密封,并且允许在室温搅拌15分钟。向小瓶中加入(4-硝基苯基)(苯基)甲酮(0.083mmol,1当量)并且允许搅拌24小时。24小时后,将反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,并且加入内标(4-氟苯甲醚)。将粗制反应混合物通过19F NMR光谱和GCMS分析,表明定量的收率。
实施例6
Figure BDA0001942536540000081
在手套箱中,向小瓶中加入如下物质:氟磺酸4-甲氧基苯基酯(0.167mmol,2当量),和四甲基铵2,6-二甲基苯酚盐(0.125mmol,1.5当量)。将DMF(0.07mL)加入到反应中使总浓度为0.033M。将小瓶用聚四氟乙烯内衬盖密封,并且允许在室温搅拌15分钟。向小瓶中加入2-氯喹啉(0.083mmol,1当量)并且允许搅拌24小时。24小时后,将反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,并且加入内标(4-氟苯甲醚)。将粗制反应混合物通过19F NMR光谱和GCMS分析,表明大于定量的收率。
现在以完整、清楚、简明和准确的术语描述本发明及其制造和使用的方式和过程,以使其所属领域的任何技术人员能够制造和使用该发明。应当理解,前面描述了本发明的优选实施方式,并且可以在不脱离权利要求中所述的本发明的精神或范围的情况下对其进行改进。为了特别指出并清楚地要求被视为发明的主题,以下权利要求总结了本说明书。

Claims (8)

1.氟化方法,其包括:
向反应混合物中提供溶剂;
向所述反应混合物中提供氟化试剂,其中所述氟化试剂选自磺酰氟、氟代磺酸芳基酯和氟代磺酸杂芳基酯;
向所述反应混合物中提供具有式Ar-X的化合物;
其中:
Ar是芳基,取代的芳基,杂芳基或取代的杂芳基,其中芳基上的取代基选自:磺酸酯基团;烷基;氰基;-C(O)RA,其中RA表示羟基,烷基,烷氧基,芳基,芳氧基,杂芳基,杂芳基氧基,氨基,单-或二(烷基氨基);-NRNC(O)RM,其中RN是H或烷基,RM是烷基,芳基或杂芳基;和C2-C8烯烃,和
杂芳基上的取代基选自:氟磺酸酯基团;磺酸酯基团;烷基;氰基;-C(O)RA,其中RA表示羟基,烷基,烷氧基,芳基,芳氧基,杂芳基,杂芳基氧基,氨基,单-或二(烷基氨基);-NRNC(O)RM,其中RN是H或烷基,RM是烷基,芳基或杂芳基;和C2-C8烯烃;和
X是Cl,Br,I或NO2
向所述反应混合物中提供四烷基铵酚盐;和
在足以提供具有式Ar-F的物质的条件下反应,
其中所述反应混合物包括1当量的所述Ar-X,2至3当量的四烷基铵酚盐,和3至10当量的所述氟化试剂。
2.权利要求1的氟化方法,其中所述溶剂是极性非质子溶剂。
3.权利要求1的氟化方法,其中Ar-X是5-氯-6-苯基吡啶甲酸异丙酯;2-氯喹啉,(4-硝基苯基)(苯基)甲酮。
4.权利要求1的氟化方法,其中反应温度是0℃至130℃。
5.权利要求2的氟化方法,其中所述极性非质子溶剂包含DMF,NMP,DMSO,DMPU或DMAC。
6.权利要求4的氟化方法,其中反应温度是25℃至130℃。
7.权利要求1的氟化方法,其中所述四烷基铵酚盐是四甲基铵2,6-二甲基苯酚盐。
8.权利要求1的氟化方法,其中所述反应混合物不包含催化剂。
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