CN109628117B - Biomass self-heating carbonization device and application thereof - Google Patents

Biomass self-heating carbonization device and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109628117B
CN109628117B CN201811563948.2A CN201811563948A CN109628117B CN 109628117 B CN109628117 B CN 109628117B CN 201811563948 A CN201811563948 A CN 201811563948A CN 109628117 B CN109628117 B CN 109628117B
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cavity
air
tail gas
air inlet
carbonization
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CN109628117A (en
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孙波
陈利军
苏建东
杨举田
蒋瑀霁
王晓玥
王浩田
宗浩
谭效磊
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Institute of Soil Science of CAS
Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co Ltd
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Institute of Soil Science of CAS
Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B1/00—Retorts
    • C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
    • C10B1/04—Vertical retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/005—After-treatment of coke, e.g. calcination desulfurization
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Biomass self-heating carbonization device and application thereof belong to the technical field of biomass carbonization. The device comprises a carbonization sealing device, a decoking dust removal device, a tail gas absorption device and a temperature detection control device, wherein the carbonization sealing device comprises a cavity, a bearing column and a rocker arm type lifting device, the cavity is a cylindrical container with a hollow interior, the bearing column is vertical to the upper top surface and the lower top surface of the cavity, and the rocker arm type lifting device is used for lifting materials. The decoking dust removal device is a pulse bag dust remover and is used for decoking and removing dust of gas. The tail gas absorption device is a tail gas absorption tank and is used for removing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the tail gas after decoking and dedusting. The temperature detection control device comprises a rock wool plug, a digital thermometer and a nitrogen bottle and is used for controlling the temperature in the cavity. The biochar prepared by the device provided by the invention has uniform quality, can give consideration to high quality and high-efficiency production of products, and the device can supply heat spontaneously, is environment-friendly, and has high yield of prepared products.

Description

Biomass self-heating carbonization device and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass carbonization, and particularly relates to a biomass self-heating carbonization device and application thereof.
Background
The application of the biochar in agricultural production is always concerned, the application of the biochar into soil can generate beneficial effects on the soil in various aspects, and the effects are mainly shown as follows: improving the holding capacity and cation exchange capacity of soil to nutrient elements, adjusting the pH value of the soil, improving the soil structure and other physical properties, enhancing the water retention capacity of the soil, promoting the development of soil microbial population, enhancing the activity of soil microbes, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, stabilizing the organic carbon reservoir of the soil and the like. The application of the biochar can relieve the environmental pressure caused by straw burning and the like on one hand, and the carbon negative effect of the biochar on the other hand can enhance the carbon sink effect of soil and relieve the global warming trend, so that the biochar has extremely important ecological environmental significance. In recent years, more and more researchers have tried to produce biochar using biomass waste as a raw material, and researchers at various research centers and colleges have paid attention to research on biochar production apparatuses and technical methods.
At present, the traditional charcoal firing method at home and abroad is as follows: the smoldering method in the earth kiln utilizes the heat generated by the combustion of the biomass for smoldering, so that the energy consumption is low, but the method also has a plurality of defects, such as long production period (about one week); conditions are not strictly controlled in the production process, an air inlet is opened during smoldering, the tightness is poor, certain air is supplied, the smoldering temperature cannot be controlled, the quality of formed carbon is not uniform, the ash content is high, and the conversion rate is lower than 30%; the tail gas is not treated and is directly discharged into the atmosphere, so that the problem of environmental pollution is caused. The novel charcoal firing furnace has the advantages that although the firing condition is well controlled, the quality of the prepared charcoal is high, the electric energy is mostly adopted, the consumption of large energy is needed, and the production cost is extremely high; meanwhile, the yield is small, the daily output is several to dozens of kilograms, continuous batch production cannot be realized, and the field production requirement cannot be met; the pollution gas generated in the preparation process is difficult to be well controlled, air pollution is easy to generate, and the contradiction between high quality and high efficiency production cannot be solved. A small amount of industrial batch production biochar manufacturers exist, but the aim of obtaining biomass pyrolysis oil gas is mostly achieved, the biochar is only output in a byproduct form, the ash content is high, the carbon content is low, and the biochar is difficult to be called as the actual biochar; the fossil fuel heat supply of part of enterprises is used for producing the biochar, but the problems of over high energy consumption and high production cost exist, the commodity carbon has very high selling price of about 6000 yuan/ton, and the field popularization and application are difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the problems that stable quality, continuous high yield and spontaneous heat supply are difficult to realize and an environment-friendly biochar production method is difficult to realize at present, the invention provides the biomass spontaneous heating carbonization device and the application thereof, the prepared biochar has uniform quality, and the aim of realizing both high-quality and high-efficiency production of the biochar is fulfilled.
The technical scheme is as follows: the biomass self-heating carbonization device comprises a carbonization sealing device, a decoking and dust removing device, a tail gas absorption device and a temperature detection control device,
the carbonization sealing device comprises a cavity, a bearing column and a rocker arm type lifting device, the cavity is a cylindrical container with a hollow interior, the cavity comprises a furnace door, an air inlet, a feeding port and an air outlet, the furnace door is arranged at the bottom of the cavity body, the air inlet is arranged at the bottom of the cavity body and one side of the furnace door, the charging opening is arranged at one side of the top end of the cavity body, the exhaust port is arranged at the other side of the top end of the cavity body, the bearing column is arranged at one side of the cavity body close to the charging opening, the bearing column is vertical to the upper top surface of the cavity body, the rocker arm type lifting device comprises a base, a rocker arm, a lifting motor, a steel wire rope and a hook, wherein the lifting motor and the base are arranged at the top of the bearing column, the rocker arm is movably connected with the base, the steel wire rope is sequentially and movably connected with the lifting motor and the rocker arm, the hook is arranged at one end of the rocker arm far away from the base, and one end of the rocker arm far away from the base is positioned at the upper part of the charging opening when the rocker arm extends;
The decoking dust removal device is a pulse type bag-type dust remover, and an air inlet of the pulse type bag-type dust remover is connected with an air outlet pipeline;
the tail gas absorption device is a tail gas absorption tank, the tail gas absorption tank is formed by filling alkaline materials in a stainless steel tank body, and a gas inlet of the tail gas absorption tank is connected with a gas outlet pipeline of the pulse bag-type dust collector;
temperature detection controlling means includes asbestos plug, digital display thermometer and nitrogen cylinder connect respectively on the asbestos plug, asbestos plug equals with the air inlet internal diameter, and when asbestos plug when the air inlet, digital display thermometer is used for measuring carbonization sealing device cavity internal temperature, and the nitrogen cylinder is used for reducing carbonization sealing device cavity internal temperature.
Preferably, the pulse bag-type dust collector comprises a glass fiber bag, an air extractor, a back-blowing air compressor and an exhaust fan, wherein an air inlet of the air extractor is connected with an exhaust port pipeline, an air outlet of the air extractor is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the glass fiber bag, the exhaust fan is arranged on the inner side of the top of the glass fiber bag, the back-blowing air compressor is arranged in the middle of the glass fiber bag, and an air inlet of the tail gas absorption tank is connected with an air outlet pipeline of the exhaust fan.
Preferably, the temperature detection control device further comprises a temperature probe, a copper guide pipe and a pressure reducing valve, the temperature probe is connected with a digital thermometer, the pressure reducing valve is connected with a nitrogen cylinder, one end of the copper guide pipe is connected with the pressure reducing valve, the other end of the copper guide pipe penetrates through a rock wool plug, and the temperature probe penetrates through the rock wool plug and is movably connected with the air inlet.
Preferably, the cavity in the carbonization sealing device is a cylindrical container with a hollow interior, which is formed by nesting a stainless steel inner container and the outer wall of a refractory brick, and perlite is filled between the inner container and the outer wall.
Preferably, the alkaline material in the tail gas absorption tank is divided into two layers, wherein the upper layer is filled with quicklime, and the lower layer is sodium peroxide.
Preferably, the oven door and the charging opening are sealed by a high temperature resistant insulated door with asbestos gaskets.
Preferably, the high-temperature resistant heat insulation door is a fire-resistant door filled with fire-resistant sponge.
Preferably, the cavity in the carbonization sealing device further comprises a vent pipe, the vent pipe is attached to and fixed on the inner wall of the cavity, one end of the vent pipe is connected with the air inlet, the other end of the vent pipe is arranged at the top of the cavity, and a vent hole is formed in the body of the vent pipe.
Preferably, the vent pipe is a spiral vent pipe, and the vent hole opening is inclined to the center of the cavity at an angle of 45 degrees.
The device is applied to the preparation of the biochar, and the specific application method is as follows: crushing the air-dried biomass raw material by a crusher, filling a cavity in a carbonization sealing device, closing a furnace door and a feeding port, blowing air through an air inlet, opening the air inlet after stopping blowing air, inserting a asbestos plug, and sealing the air inlet; meanwhile, the pulse bag-type dust collector 2 is utilized to pump away tail gas and residual air in the cavity of the carbonization sealing device, anaerobic smoldering is realized, the carbonization temperature is monitored in real time, the temperature is controlled within the range of 450 +/-50 ℃, when the temperature is too high, a nitrogen cylinder switch is unscrewed, nitrogen is introduced, the combustion temperature is controlled, the biochar is generated and then naturally cooled, and then the biochar is taken out from a furnace door and water is used for extinguishing residual sparks, so that the biochar is obtained.
Has the advantages that: 1. the invention has the advantages of low production cost, easily obtained biomass raw materials, simple equipment and uniform properties of the prepared biochar. The specific cost is accounted as follows: the unit price of the straws is 400 yuan/ton, about 3 tons of straws can be loaded in each furnace, and the cost of the straws is 1200 yuan; straw crushing needs 1.5 workers (one worker is half a day), the loading workers are 1 (two workers are half a day), the charcoal discharging workers are 1 (two workers are half a day), each worker is 120 yuan, and the labor cost is 420 yuan in total. The charcoal produced by each furnace is about 1.50 tons, and the total cost of each ton is about 1080 yuan.
2. The device provided by the invention does not need to provide external heat to continuously heat the biochar, and obtains the biochar by using the heat released by biomass combustion, so that other energy consumption cost is avoided.
3. The yield of the product prepared by the method is high, the conversion rate between the biomass and the biochar is about 50 percent when the method is used for producing the biochar, the equipment capacity is large, 1.5-2 tons of biochar can be produced at one time, the applicable cultivated land area is 2-3 mu, the field production requirement can be met, and the produced biochar is high in quality and relatively stable.
4. The biochar prepared by the method has a short production period, only needs 2 days from charging to discharging (smoldering for one day, and charging and discharging for half a day respectively), can be continuously produced, solves the problem of long carbonization period of the traditional method, and overcomes the defects that the novel charcoal making furnace has low yield and can not be continuously produced.
5. The decoking dust collector and the tail gas absorption device have the advantages of simple operation, high purification efficiency, large gas treatment capacity, stable performance, small maintenance workload and the like.
6. The invention has the characteristics of moderate yield, self-sufficient energy, energy conservation and environmental protection. The spiral vent pipe is arranged in the cavity of the carbonization sealing device, the vent pipe is attached to and fixed on the inner wall of the cavity, one end of the vent pipe is connected with the air inlet, the other end of the vent pipe is arranged at the top of the cavity, the vent pipe body is provided with a vent hole, and the orifice of the vent hole is inclined to the center of the cavity at an angle of 45 degrees. When the biomass in the cavity is combusted, nitrogen is input into the vent pipe, and the introduced nitrogen carries the heat at the bottom to the upper part of the cavity in an inclined upward direction. The bottom heat is transmitted to the upper part through the natural rising effect of nitrogen (generally, the bottom combustion temperature is high, the upper part temperature is insufficient, the bottom is easy to be excessively smoldered, the ash content is too high, the smoldering of the upper part is insufficient, the produced biomass charcoal is uneven in quality and too low in quality), and therefore the purpose of enabling the fired biomass charcoal to be uniform in quality is achieved. The spiral pipe arrangement can better enable gas to move in the cavity, and the product quality of the whole carbonization sealing device is cooperatively improved by the gas belt heat.
7. The biochar prepared by the method is compared with biochar prepared by a muffle furnace, a conventional equipment method and an environment-friendly equipment method in the prior art, and the comparison is shown in the following table. As can be seen from the data in the table, the yield, the total organic carbon content and the pH value of the biochar prepared by the invention are obviously higher than those of the biochar prepared by the prior art, namely PM2.5, PM10, tar content and SO2、NOxThe content is obviously lower than that of the prior art.
Figure BDA0001914034640000041
In the table: influence of pyrolysis temperature and time on the preparation of biochar in muffle furnace [ J ]. proceedings of Shenyang agriculture university, 2018, 49 (1): 95-100.
The invention relates to a method for producing biochar on site in large scale by utilizing crop straws, which comprises the following steps:
CN103265962B.
the ginger army, the creep benevolence button, the plum loyalty, etc. a device for smokeless carbonization treatment of crop straws, patent authorization number:
CN104673339B.
fourthly, average value of pollutants in the tail gas in the first 10 hours of smoldering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a biomass spontaneous heating carbonization device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature detection control device;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the carbonization sealing device.
The numerical designations in the drawings represent the following: 1. carbonizing and sealing the device; 2. a decoking dust removal device; 3. a tail gas absorption device; 4. a temperature detection control device; 5. a furnace door; 6. an air inlet; 7. a load-bearing column; 8. a feed inlet; 9. a rocker arm type lifting device; 10. an exhaust port; 11. a glass fiber cloth bag; 12. an air extractor; 13. a back-blowing type air compressor; 14. an exhaust fan; 15. a nitrogen gas cylinder; 16. a digital thermometer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
A biomass self-heating carbonization device is shown in figure 1 and comprises a carbonization sealing device 1, a decoking dust removal device 2, a tail gas absorption device 3 and a temperature detection control device 4.
The carbonization sealing device 1 comprises a cavity, a bearing column 7 and a rocker arm type lifting device 9. The cavity is a cylindrical container with a hollow interior, and comprises a furnace door 5, an air inlet 6, a feed inlet 8 and an air outlet 10. The furnace door 5 is arranged at the bottom of the cavity. The air inlet 6 is arranged at the bottom of the cavity and one side of the furnace door 5, and the air inlet 6 is used for air inlet and temperature measurement. The feed inlet 8 is arranged on one side of the top end of the cavity, and the exhaust port 10 is arranged on the other side of the top end of the cavity. The bearing column 7 is arranged on one side of the cavity close to the charging opening 8, and the bearing column 7 is perpendicular to the upper top surface of the cavity and used for fixing the rocker arm type lifting device 9. The rocker arm type lifting device 9 comprises a base, a rocker arm, a lifting motor, a steel wire rope and a hook, wherein the lifting motor and the base are arranged at the top of the bearing column 7, the rocker arm is movably connected with the base, the steel wire rope is sequentially and movably connected with the lifting motor and the rocker arm, the hook is arranged at one end, far away from the base, of the rocker arm, and one end, far away from the base when the rocker arm extends, is positioned at the upper part of the charging opening 8. The steel wire rope is contracted by the lifting motor to drive the rocker arm to extend, so that the hook takes the biomass raw material to be placed on the upper part of the feed opening 8, and the biomass raw material enters the cavity from the feed opening 8.
The decoking dust removal device 2 is a pulse type bag-type dust remover and is used for filtering gas containing particulate matters through the pulse type bag-type dust remover. The air inlet of the pulse bag-type dust collector is connected with the exhaust port 10 through a pipeline.
The tail gas absorption device 3 is a tail gas absorption tank and is used for removing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the tail gas after decoking and dedusting. The tail gas absorption tank is formed by filling alkaline materials in a stainless steel tank body, and a gas inlet of the tail gas absorption tank is connected with a gas outlet pipeline of the pulse bag-type dust collector.
Referring to fig. 2, the temperature detection control device 4 comprises a rock wool plug, a digital thermometer 16 and a nitrogen cylinder 15, wherein the digital thermometer 16 and the nitrogen cylinder 15 are respectively connected with the rock wool plug, the rock wool plug and the air inlet 6 have the same inner diameter, and the rock wool plug is plugged in the air inlet 6 during temperature measurement. A digital thermometer 16 penetrates through the air inlet to enter the interior of the carbonization sealing device 1, the air inlet 6 is sealed by a asbestos plug, and the digital thermometer 16 is used for monitoring the temperature change condition in the interior of the carbonization sealing device 1. When the combustion temperature is too high, the nitrogen gas bottle 15 is opened, the nitrogen gas enters the carbonization sealing device 1, and the combustion temperature is reduced.
The device is applied to the preparation of the biochar, and the specific application method is as follows: crushing the air-dried biomass raw material by a crusher, filling a cavity in the carbonization sealing device 1, closing the furnace door 5 and the feed inlet 8, blowing air through the air inlet 6, opening the air inlet 6 after stopping blowing air, inserting a asbestos plug, and sealing the air inlet; meanwhile, the pulse bag dust collector 2 is utilized to pump away tail gas and residual air in the cavity of the carbonization sealing device 1, anaerobic smoldering is realized, the carbonization temperature is monitored in real time, the temperature is controlled within the range of 450 +/-50 ℃, when the temperature is too high, a nitrogen cylinder switch is unscrewed, nitrogen is introduced, the combustion temperature is controlled, biochar is generated and then naturally cooled, and then the biochar is taken out from a furnace door and water is used for extinguishing residual sparks, so that the biochar is obtained.
Example 2
The biomass self-heating carbonization device comprises a carbonization sealing device 1, a decoking dust removal device 2, a tail gas absorption device 3 and a temperature detection control device 4.
The carbonization sealing device 1 comprises a cavity, a bearing column 7 and a rocker arm type lifting device 9. The cavity is a hollow cylindrical container which is formed by nesting a stainless steel inner container and the outer wall of a refractory brick, perlite is filled between the inner container and the outer wall, and the cavity comprises a furnace door 5, an air inlet 6, a feed inlet 8 and an exhaust port 10. The furnace door 5 is arranged at the bottom of the cavity, the furnace door 5 and the feed inlet 8 are sealed by a high-temperature resistant heat-insulating door with an asbestos gasket, and the high-temperature resistant heat-insulating door is a fire-resistant door filled with fire-resistant sponge. The air inlet 6 is arranged at the bottom of the cavity and one side of the furnace door 5, and the air inlet 6 is used for air inlet and temperature measurement. The feed inlet 8 is arranged on one side of the top end of the cavity, and the exhaust port 10 is arranged on the other side of the top end of the cavity. The bearing column 7 is arranged on one side of the cavity close to the charging opening 8, and the bearing column 7 is perpendicular to the upper top surface of the cavity and used for fixing the rocker arm type lifting device 9. The rocker arm type lifting device 9 is a rocker arm type crane. Rocker arm formula hoisting device 9 includes base, rocking arm, promotion motor, wire rope and couple, 7 tops of heel post are located to promotion motor and base, rocking arm and base swing joint, wire rope and promotion motor and rocking arm swing joint in proper order, the one end that the base was kept away from to the rocking arm is located to the couple, and the one end of keeping away from the base when the rocking arm extended is located 8 upper portions of charge door. The steel wire rope is contracted by the lifting motor to drive the rocker arm to extend, so that the hook takes the biomass raw material to be placed on the upper part of the feed opening 8, and the biomass raw material enters the cavity from the feed opening 8.
The decoking dust removal device 2 is a pulse type bag-type dust remover and is used for filtering gas containing particulate matters through the pulse type bag-type dust remover. The air inlet of the pulse bag-type dust collector is connected with the exhaust port 10 through a pipeline. The pulse type bag-type dust collector comprises a glass fiber bag 11, an air extractor 12, a back-blowing type air compressor 13 and an exhaust fan 14, wherein an air inlet of the air extractor 12 is connected with a pipeline of an exhaust port 10, an air outlet of the air extractor 12 is arranged at the outer side of the bottom of the glass fiber bag 11, the exhaust fan 14 is arranged at the inner side of the top of the glass fiber bag 11, the back-blowing type air compressor 13 is arranged at the middle part of the glass fiber bag 11, and an air inlet of a tail gas absorption tank is connected with an air outlet pipeline of the.
The tail gas absorption device 3 is a tail gas absorption tank and is used for removing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the tail gas after decoking and dedusting. The tail gas absorption tank is formed by filling an alkaline material in a stainless steel tank body, the alkaline material is divided into two layers, the upper layer is filled with quicklime, and the lower layer is sodium peroxide. The gas inlet of the tail gas absorption tank is connected with the gas outlet pipeline of the pulse bag-type dust collector. The tail gas absorption tank is used for further treating the tail gas after decoking and dedusting, and SO is added into the tail gas absorption tank after the tail gas after decoking and dedusting enters the tail gas absorption tank 2、H2O、CO2And NO2Firstly, the calcium oxide reacts with the calcium oxide to generate CaSO3、CaCO3And Ca (NO)3)2Etc. of the substance, and N2The reducing substances such as O and the like react with a strong oxidant sodium peroxide to finally generate NaNO3And finally discharging clean tail gas.
The temperature detection control device 4 comprises a rock wool plug, a temperature probe, a copper guide tube, a pressure reducing valve, a digital display type thermometer 16 and a nitrogen gas bottle 15. The temperature probe is connected with digital display thermometer 16, the relief pressure valve is connected with nitrogen cylinder 15, copper pipe one end is connected with the relief pressure valve, and the other end passes the asbestos plug, the temperature probe passes the asbestos plug, the length that the temperature probe passed the asbestos plug is the bottom surface radius length of cavity, asbestos plug swing joint in air inlet 6, the asbestos plug equals with 6 internal diameters of air inlet, stoppages in air inlet 6 during the temperature measurement. A digital thermometer 16 penetrates through the air inlet to enter the interior of the carbonization sealing device 1, the air inlet 6 is sealed by a asbestos plug, and the digital thermometer 16 is used for monitoring the temperature change condition in the interior of the carbonization sealing device 1. When the combustion temperature is too high, the nitrogen gas bottle 15 is opened, the nitrogen gas enters the carbonization sealing device 1, and the combustion temperature is reduced.
The device is applied to the preparation of the biochar, and the specific application method is as follows: crushing the air-dried biomass raw material by a crusher, filling a cavity in the carbonization sealing device 1, closing the furnace door 5 and the feed inlet 8, blowing air through the air inlet 6, opening the air inlet 6 after stopping blowing air, inserting a asbestos plug, and sealing the air inlet; meanwhile, the air extractor 12 is utilized to pump away the tail gas and the residual air in the cavity of the carbonization sealing device 1, so that anaerobic smoldering is realized, the carbonization temperature is monitored in real time, the temperature is controlled within the range of 450 +/-50 ℃, when the temperature is too high, a nitrogen cylinder switch is unscrewed, nitrogen is introduced, the combustion temperature is controlled, the biochar is naturally cooled after being generated, then the biochar is taken out from the furnace door, and water is used for extinguishing the residual sparks, so that the biochar is obtained.
Example 3
The device according to embodiment 2 is different from the device according to fig. 3 in that the cavity of the carbonization sealing device 1 further includes a vent pipe, the vent pipe is attached to and fixed on the inner wall of the cavity, one end of the vent pipe is connected with the air inlet 6, the other end of the vent pipe is arranged at the top of the cavity, and a vent hole is formed in the body of the vent pipe. The vent pipe is a spiral vent pipe, and the vent hole opening is inclined to the center of the cavity at an angle of 45 degrees. When the biomass in the cavity is combusted, nitrogen is input into the vent pipe, and the introduced nitrogen carries the heat at the bottom to the upper part of the cavity in an inclined upward direction. The bottom heat is transmitted to the upper part through the natural rising effect of nitrogen (generally, the bottom combustion temperature is high, the upper part temperature is insufficient, the bottom is easy to be excessively smoldered, the ash content is too high, the smoldering of the upper part is insufficient, the produced biomass charcoal is uneven in quality and too low in quality), and therefore the purpose of enabling the fired biomass charcoal to be uniform in quality is achieved. The spiral pipe arrangement can better lead the gas to move in the furnace chamber, and the product quality of the whole carbonization sealing device is improved by the heat of the gas belt.
Example 4
The device is based on the embodiment 3, and is characterized in that the carbonization sealing device 1 is provided with a cavity with an inner diameter of 3m and a height of 3m, the straw capacity is about 3-4 t (depending on the straw density), perlite is filled between a steel liner and a refractory brick of a furnace wall, the thickness of the perlite is 15cm, the steel liner is a cylinder with a height of 3m and an inner diameter of 3m, the furnace wall is formed by tiling and building a refractory brick (the size of the refractory brick is 230 multiplied by 114 multiplied by 65mm) around the steel liner in a single layer, and the outermost layer of the refractory brick is coated with refractory cement. The size of the oven door 5 is 40 x 90 cm. The size of the feed opening 8 is 60X 60 cm. And the top of the cavity is paved with refractory sponge with the thickness of 10cm and covered with a thin color steel plate for heat preservation and heat insulation, a guardrail is welded along the edge of the furnace top, and an opening is reserved on the guardrail and extends downwards to be used as an escalator. The bearing column 7 is made of refractory cement pouring steel bars, the rocker arm type lifting device 9 is welded on the steel bars reserved on the bearing column 7 at the top of the furnace to play a role in fixing, the maximum load of the rocker arm type lifting device 9 is 400kg, and the length of the steel wire rope is 20 m. The pulse type bag-type dust collector comprises a glass fiber bag 11, an air extractor 12, a back-blowing type air compressor 13 and an exhaust fan 14, wherein an air inlet of the air extractor 12 is connected with a pipeline of an exhaust port 10, an air outlet of the air extractor 12 is arranged at the outer side of the bottom of the glass fiber bag 11, the exhaust fan 14 is arranged at the inner side of the top of the glass fiber bag 11, the back-blowing type air compressor 13 is arranged at the middle part of the glass fiber bag 11, and an air inlet of a tail gas absorption tank is connected with an air outlet pipeline of the exhaust. When the gas containing particulate matters passes through the glass fiber cloth bag 11 from outside to inside through the air inlet of the air pump 12, dust and tar particles are blocked on the outer surface of the glass fiber cloth bag 11, the filtered tail gas enters the tail gas absorption tank through the exhaust fan 14, and the purified tail gas is discharged into the atmosphere from the air outlet. When the dust on the surface of the glass fiber cloth bag 11 is increased continuously to cause the resistance of the equipment to rise to a set value, the back-blowing type air compressor 13 is started to blow off the dust adhered to the outside of the glass fiber cloth bag 11 and among fibers, so that the glass fiber cloth bag 11 is cleaned. The dust separated by cleaning falls to a dust discharge port to be discharged, and the glass fiber cloth bag 11 is in a filtering state after the blowing is finished. The tail gas after decoking and dedusting enters a tail gas absorption tank containing alkaline filler through an exhaust fan 14 to further remove sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, and finally clean tail gas is discharged.
Example 5
Based on the device described in the embodiment 4, the method for producing the biochar in large scale by utilizing the biomass combustion self-heating mainly comprises the following steps:
1. and (4) crushing. Preparing biomass raw materials, wherein the raw materials which can be used for burning the biochar mainly comprise crop straws such as corn, tobacco, wheat and rice, branches, barks, sawdust, shells and the like, collecting the biomass raw materials, airing until the water content is about 10%, then crushing, adjusting the caliber of a charging hole of a crusher to be constant before crushing, and crushing by using the prepared crusher, wherein the specification of the crusher is 400kg biomass per hour.
2. And (4) charging. Firstly reserving a part of un-crushed biomass raw material inflammability part to be filled at the bottom (about 1/5 of the volume) of a cavity of a carbonization sealing device 1, bagging crushed biomass by ton bags, lifting and filling ground crushed biomass raw materials in a furnace body through a rocker arm type lifting device, and compacting until the whole furnace body is filled.
3. Anaerobic smoldering and tail gas treatment. Igniting combustible substances laid at the bottom in advance, blowing air (for example, blowing air for 10min for straws), opening an air inlet 6 for a period of time (for example, stopping the straws for 10min), closing all inlets and gaps capable of allowing air to enter (closing a tail gas treatment device, preventing air from entering a tail gas discharge pipeline into a furnace), performing anaerobic smoldering (the duration time of the process is 24-48h, the specific time depends on the property of the biomass raw material), monitoring the temperature in the furnace body in real time by using a thermometer, controlling the temperature within the range of 450 +/-50 ℃, unscrewing a nitrogen bottle switch when the temperature is too high, introducing nitrogen into a carbonization cavity through the air inlet through a guide pipe, and controlling the combustion temperature of the biomass raw material. The generated tail gas is treated by a tail gas treatment device and then is discharged cleanly.
4. And (6) taking carbon. After braising for 24h, the charcoal is taken out, and simultaneously, part of the residual sparks are watered out. The obtained biochar can be directly applied to soil.
5. And (4) air-drying the prepared biochar, weighing, and calculating the biochar yield. The biochar was ground and screened through a 100 mesh screen for determination of the basic properties of the biochar. Basic property measuring methodComprises the following steps: the pH value of the biochar is extracted by water; the organic carbon content is defined as K2Cr2O7-rich H2SO4An external heating method; the cation exchange capacity adopts a sodium acetate-flame photometer method; determining total nitrogen by a potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid digestion method; perchloric acid-sulfuric acid solution-molybdenum-antimony are resisted the colorimetry and measured the total phosphorus; measuring total potassium by an atomic absorption spectrophotometry; the determination of the quick-acting phosphorus adopts a sodium bicarbonate leaching-molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometry method, an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method to determine alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, and an atomic absorption spectrophotometry method to determine the quick-acting potassium.
Example 6
The corn stalks are used as biomass raw materials to produce the biochar.
Based on the device of embodiment 4, air-dried corn stalks are crushed by a crusher (with the length of 2-5 cm), the whole carbonization sealing device 1 is filled (a small bundle of complete corn stalks are placed at the bottom of the carbonization sealing device 1 in advance for ignition), the actual measurement weight is 3.02 tons, the furnace door 5 and the charging hole 8 are closed, 10 minutes of air is blown through the air inlet 6, and the air volume is 1.30m 3And/min, after blowing is stopped, opening an air inlet for 610min, inserting a digital display thermometer 16 with the length of 2m, sealing the air inlet 6, simultaneously pumping off tail gas and residual air in the carbonization sealing device 1 by using an exhaust fan 14 in the decoking and dust removing device 2 to realize anaerobic smoldering, monitoring the carbonization temperature in real time, controlling the temperature to be in a range of 450 +/-50 ℃, unscrewing a nitrogen bottle switch when the temperature is overhigh, introducing nitrogen, controlling the combustion temperature, after 24h, naturally cooling the biochar, taking out the biochar from a furnace door 5, and watering to extinguish residual sparks. Obtaining the biochar A.
Example 7
The corn stalks are used as biomass raw materials to produce the biochar.
Based on the device of embodiment 4, air-dried corn stalks are crushed by a crusher (with the length of 2-5 cm), the whole carbonization sealing device 1 is filled (a small bundle of complete corn stalks are placed at the bottom of the carbonization sealing device 1 in advance for ignition), the actual measurement weight is 3.13 tons, the furnace door 5 and the charging hole 8 are closed, 10 minutes of air is blown through the air inlet 6, and the air volume is 1.30m3Min, after stopping blowing and opening air inlet 610min, inserting the air pipe with length of 2mAnd a digital display thermometer 16 for sealing the air inlet 6, simultaneously utilizing an exhaust fan 14 in the decoking and dust removing device 2 to exhaust tail gas and residual air in the carbonization and sealing device 1, realizing anaerobic smoldering, monitoring the carbonization temperature in real time, controlling the temperature within the range of 450 +/-50 ℃, unscrewing a nitrogen cylinder switch when the temperature is too high, introducing nitrogen, controlling the combustion temperature, after 24 hours, naturally cooling the biochar, taking out the biochar from the furnace door 5, and watering and extinguishing residual sparks by using water. Thus obtaining the biochar B.
Example 8
The tobacco stalks are used as biomass raw materials to produce the biochar.
Based on the device described in embodiment 4, the air-dried biomass raw material is pulverized by a pulverizer, the whole carbonization sealing device 1 is filled (a small bundle of complete corn stalks is placed at the bottom of the carbonization sealing device 1 in advance for ignition), the actual measurement weight is 3.79 tons, the furnace door 5 and the charging hole 8 are closed, 10 minutes of air is blown through the air inlet 6, and the air volume is 1.30m3Min, after stopping blowing and opening the air inlet for 610 min, a digital thermometer 16 of 2m length was inserted to seal the air inlet 6. Meanwhile, the exhaust fan 14 in the decoking dust removal device 2 is used for pumping away tail gas and residual air in the carbonization sealing device 1, anaerobic smoldering is realized, the carbonization temperature is monitored in real time, the temperature is controlled within the range of 450 +/-50 ℃, when the temperature is too high, a nitrogen bottle switch is unscrewed, nitrogen is introduced, the combustion temperature is controlled, after 24 hours, the biochar is naturally cooled, the biochar is taken out from the furnace door 5, and residual sparks are extinguished by water. Obtaining the biochar C.
The dry weights of biochar produced in examples 6-8 were 1.42 tons, 1.47 tons, and 1.93 tons, with biochar conversions of 47.3%, 47.0%, and 50.9%, respectively. The obtained biochar has uniform and stable properties and low ash yield. The basic properties of the obtained biochar are as follows:
Figure BDA0001914034640000101
The decoking dust removal device 2 and the tail gas absorption device 3 can remove dust (PM2.5, PM10 and other particulate matters), tar and SO generated in the combustion process of the biochar2And NOxAnd the gaseous products can treat a large amount of polluting gases at one time, and have stable performance and obvious treatment effect.

Claims (1)

1. The biomass self-heating carbonization device is applied to preparing biochar and is characterized by comprising a carbonization sealing device (1), a decoking and dust removing device (2), a tail gas absorption device (3) and a temperature detection control device (4), wherein the carbonization sealing device (1) comprises a cavity, a bearing column (7) and a rocker arm type lifting device (9), the cavity is a cylindrical container with a hollow interior, the cavity comprises a furnace door (5), an air inlet (6), a charging opening (8) and an exhaust opening (10), the cavity is a cylindrical container with a hollow interior, which is formed by nesting a stainless steel inner container and an outer wall of a refractory brick, perlite is filled between the inner container and the outer wall, the cavity further comprises a vent pipe, the vent pipe is attached and fixed on the inner wall of the cavity, one end of the vent pipe is connected with the air inlet (6), the other end of the vent pipe is arranged at the, the breather pipe is a spiral breather pipe, the vent hole opening is inclined to the center of the cavity at an angle of 45 degrees, the furnace door (5) is arranged at the bottom of the cavity, the furnace door (5) and the charging opening (8) are sealed by a high-temperature resistant heat-insulating door with an asbestos gasket, the high-temperature resistant heat-insulating door is a fire-resistant door filled with fire-resistant sponge, the air inlet (6) is arranged at one side of the bottom of the cavity and the furnace door (5), the charging opening (8) is arranged at one side of the top end of the cavity, the air outlet (10) is arranged at the other side of the top end of the cavity, the bearing column (7) is arranged at one side of the cavity close to the charging opening (8), the bearing column (7) is vertical to the upper surface of the cavity, the rocker arm type lifting device (9) comprises a base, a rocker arm, a lifting motor, the steel wire rope is sequentially and movably connected with the lifting motor and the rocker arm, the hook is arranged at one end of the rocker arm, which is far away from the base, and one end of the rocker arm, which is far away from the base when the rocker arm extends, is positioned at the upper part of the charging opening (8); the decoking dust removal device (2) is a pulse bag-type dust remover, an air inlet of the pulse bag-type dust remover is connected with an air outlet (10) through a pipeline, the pulse bag-type dust remover comprises a glass fiber bag (11), an air extractor (12), a back-blowing air compressor (13) and an exhaust fan (14), the air inlet of the air extractor (12) is connected with the air outlet (10) through a pipeline, an air outlet of the air extractor (12) is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the glass fiber bag (11), the exhaust fan (14) is arranged on the inner side of the top of the glass fiber bag (11), the back-blowing air compressor (13) is arranged in the middle of the glass fiber bag (11), and an air inlet of a tail gas absorption tank; the tail gas absorption device (3) is a tail gas absorption tank, the tail gas absorption tank is formed by filling an alkaline material in a stainless steel tank body, a gas inlet of the tail gas absorption tank is connected with a gas outlet pipeline of a pulse bag-type dust collector, the alkaline material in the tail gas absorption tank is divided into two layers, quicklime is filled in the upper layer, and sodium peroxide is filled in the lower layer; temperature detection controlling means (4) includes asbestos plug, digital display thermometer (16) and nitrogen cylinder (15) connect respectively on the asbestos plug, the asbestos plug equals with air inlet (6) internal diameter, when the asbestos plug stopper in air inlet (6), digital display thermometer (16) are used for measuring carbonization sealing device (1) cavity internal temperature, and nitrogen cylinder (15) are used for reducing carbonization sealing device (1) cavity internal temperature, temperature detection controlling means (4) still includes temperature probe, copper pipe and relief pressure valve, temperature probe is connected with digital display thermometer (16), the relief pressure valve is connected with nitrogen cylinder (15), copper pipe one end is connected with the relief pressure valve, and the other end passes the asbestos plug, temperature probe passes the asbestos plug, asbestos plug swing joint in air inlet (6), the specific application method is as follows: crushing the air-dried biomass raw material by a crusher, filling a cavity in the carbonization sealing device (1), closing a furnace door (5) and a feed inlet (8), blowing air through an air inlet (6), opening the air inlet (6) after stopping blowing air, inserting a asbestos plug, and sealing the air inlet; meanwhile, the tail gas and residual air in the cavity of the carbonization sealing device (1) are pumped away by an air pump (12), anaerobic smoldering is realized, the carbonization temperature is monitored in real time, the temperature is controlled within the range of 450 +/-50 ℃, when the temperature is too high, a nitrogen cylinder switch is unscrewed, nitrogen is introduced, the combustion temperature is controlled, biochar is generated and then naturally cooled, and then the biochar is taken out from a furnace door and water is used for extinguishing residual sparks, so that the biochar is obtained.
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