CN104861993A - Tower-type continuous carbonization furnace for biomass - Google Patents
Tower-type continuous carbonization furnace for biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CN104861993A CN104861993A CN201510146517.6A CN201510146517A CN104861993A CN 104861993 A CN104861993 A CN 104861993A CN 201510146517 A CN201510146517 A CN 201510146517A CN 104861993 A CN104861993 A CN 104861993A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tower-type continuous carbonization furnace for biomass. The tower-type continuous carbonization furnace comprises a furnace body and a mounting base; the inner cavity of the furnace body is provided with, from top to bottom, a drying chamber, a carbonization chamber, a high temperature chamber and a cooling chamber, wherein adjacent chambers are separated by a movable grate; the sidewall of the high temperature chamber is provided with a combustion chamber, the sidewall of the furnace body is provided with a nozzle equipped with a first gas inlet and a second gas inlet, the head of the nozzle extends into the combustion chamber, and the second gas inlet is connected with an induced draught fan equipped with a combustor; a feed hopper is connected with the inner cavity of the furnace body through a feeding control unit, and a discharge hopper equipped with a cindervalve is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body; and a gas channel communicated with the drying chamber is arranged on the top of the furnace body and is communicated with a gas purifying and cooling system, an outlet of the gas purifying and cooling system is communicated with the second gas inlet in the nozzle and the through hole in the discharge hopper through a conveyer pipeline, and a first blower fan is arranged on the conveyer pipeline. The tower-type continuous carbonization furnace provided by the invention has the following advantages: capacity of realizing continuous production, low energy consumption, high biochar yield and good and stably biochar quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biomass carbonization stove, particularly relate to a kind of tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace.
Background technology
China is charcoal big producing country, and annual char yield is up to ten million ton, and along with the fast development of national economy, the demand of charcoal also rises year by year.Meanwhile, China or agriculture production big country, the biomass wastes such as annual agricultural crop straw are about about 7,000,000,000 tons, but its utilization ratio is only 20%, and the biomass wastes such as branch, sawdust, rice husk also have more than one hundred million ton to be wasted.These biomass wastes can be converted into biomass carbonization product by biomass carbonization technology effectively---and inflammable gas and charcoal and charcoal, so just greatly can reduce the demand to natural timber, thus effectively protect forest resourceies.Biomass carbonization utilizes thermal chemical reaction principle exactly, prepares green recyclable fuel using biomass wastes such as wood chip, agricultural crop straw, shells as biomass material.In carbonization process, moisture and volatile matter content unnecessary in biomass material is removed, and the Mierocrystalline cellulose in biomass material, hemicellulose, xylogen etc., by decomposed, finally complete the coproduction of charcoal gas and obtain biomass carbonization product.
Biomass carbon gasifying device conventional is at present manual carbonization kiln and half industrial carbonization kettle, all the time need in these two kinds of biomass carbonization device busy processes to rely on the external world to provide heat energy to carry out high temperature cabonization to biomass material, carbonization at least needs about 10 days heat-up time, carbonization time is long, productive rate is low, energy consumption is high, and the degree producing dusty gas in carbonization process is more far more than the degree of biomass material directly being burned produced dusty gas, severe contamination environment.In addition, above-mentioned two kinds of biomass carbon gasifying devices are intermittent handwork, cannot realize continuous seepage, output is not high, and carbonization temperature cannot accurately be controlled, stronger to the dependency of technical staff's operating experience, the biomass carbonization product assay obtained is also unstable, inferior quality.
Application number is disclose a kind of carbonization of biomass and gasification and power generation assembly in the Chinese invention patent application of 200510056829.4, carbonizing chamber in this device adopts high-temperature flue gas indirect heating manner, need in carbonization process to keep carbonization temperature 600 DEG C, energy consumption is large; The charcoal productive rate obtained for China fir sheet in this application is only about 13%, and productive rate is undesirable.And this occupation area of equipment is large, containing tar ingredients in the gas discharged, severe contamination environment around.Application number is the carbide furnace disclosing a kind of periodical operation in the Chinese invention patent application of 201110419809.4, and biomass material obtains biological carbon by high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis.But this device can only periodical operation, can not realize continuous seepage, and need outside to provide thermal source in the course of the work all the time, the comparatively large and productive rate of observable index is only about 16%, and productive rate is undesirable.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem of solution required for the present invention is: provide a kind of and can realize continuous seepage, greatly can reduce energy consumption and can control in-furnace temperature well thus obtain the tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace of charcoal of stable high-quality, high yield.
For solving the problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is: described tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace, comprise: the body of heater of mount pad and band inner chamber, body of heater is installed on mount pad, body of heater inner chamber is disposed with kiln, carbonizing chamber, high-temperature chamber and cooling room four chambers from top to bottom, kiln is connected with the opening for feed at body of heater top, and cooling room is connected with the discharge port of bottom of furnace body, and each adjacent chamber is separated respectively by movable grate; High-temperature chamber sidewall is provided with the combustion chamber for gas fuel burning, the high-temperature flue gas that inflammable gas produces in combustion chamber combustion can enter in high-temperature chamber, sidewall of the furnace body is provided with the nozzle of band first inlet mouth, the second inlet mouth, the injector head of nozzle is through stretching in combustion chamber after the through hole of sidewall of the furnace body, second inlet mouth is connected with the induced draft fan of band burner, and the air inducing function of band burner provides combustion-supporting gas to make inflammable gas combustion with meagre oxygen in combustion chamber; Hopper is connected by the opening for feed of feed control device with body of heater top, and be provided with the discharging hopper be connected with the discharge port of bottom of furnace body at bottom of furnace body, the discharge port of discharging hopper is connected with unloading valve; The gas passage be connected with kiln is provided with at body of heater top, the air outlet of gas passage is connected with the inlet mouth of gas sweetening cooling system, the air outlet of gas sweetening cooling system is connected with the through hole on the first inlet mouth of nozzle and discharging hopper respectively by transfer line, transfer line is also provided with the first blower fan, under the driving of the first blower fan, the purification exported from the air outlet of gas sweetening cooling system, cooled inflammable gas are transported in combustion chamber and cooling room respectively by transfer line.
Further, aforesaid tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace, wherein, described feed control device is made up of the first feed valve, transition hopper and the second feed valve, the discharge port of hopper is connected with the opening for feed of the second feed valve with body of heater top by the first feed valve, transition hopper successively, and during work, the first feed valve and the second feed valve can not be in opened condition simultaneously.
Further, aforesaid tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace, wherein, described gas passage is the passage with an inlet mouth, two air outlets, the inlet mouth of gas passage is connected with kiln, one of them air outlet of gas passage is connected with the inlet mouth of gas sweetening cooling system, and another air outlet of gas passage is covered by rupture disk sealing.
Further, aforesaid tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace, wherein, described gas sweetening cooling system comprises gas wash tower and drop catcher, the air outlet of gas passage is connected with drop catcher with gas wash tower successively by connecting pipeline, and the air outlet of drop catcher is connected with the inlet mouth of transfer line.
Further, aforesaid tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace, wherein, the discharging hopper sidewall above unloading valve is provided with the anti-blocking passage communicated with discharging hopper inside; The mount pad being positioned at unloading valve discharge outlet is provided with atomization spray nozzle device, and atomization spray nozzle device can be lowered the temperature to the biological carbon exported from unloading valve.
Further, aforesaid tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace, wherein, bottom of furnace body is provided with sealed chamber, discharging hopper is sealed in sealed chamber by sealed chamber, through hole on discharging hopper communicates with sealed chamber, the discharge port of discharging hopper stretches out sealed chamber bottom sealed chamber, the joint communicated with sealed chamber is provided with at sealed chamber's sidewall, transfer line is connected with joint, from the purification that the air outlet of gas sweetening cooling system exports, cooled inflammable gas passes through transfer line, joint, enter in cooling room after through hole on sealed chamber and discharging hopper.
Further, aforesaid tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace, wherein, the through hole on discharging hopper is made up of some apertures, and each aperture is uniformly distributed in discharging hopper sidewall hypomere.
Further, aforesaid tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace, wherein, the structure of described movable grate is: comprising: some spaced resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod, each resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod two ends are supported in body of heater inner chamber respectively by bearing support, each resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod is driven by a drive-motor respectively, and under the driving of each drive-motor, each resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod is rotated along equidirectional with same rotational speed.
Further, aforesaid tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace, wherein, kiln, carbonizing chamber, high-temperature chamber and cooling room four chamber sidewall is provided with thermopair, sight glass and manhole respectively.
Further, aforesaid tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace, wherein, have feed system in body of heater arranged outside, biomass material is delivered in hopper by feed system; Unloading valve exit is provided with discharge system, and the biological carbon exported from unloading valve exports by discharge system.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) this apparatus structure is simple, low cost of manufacture, only start starting stage needs at carbide furnace and provide heat energy by outside, after carbide furnace normally works high temperature cabonization generation inflammable gas, heat energy needed for carbide furnace does not then need to be provided by the external world, energy consumption is low, and the capacity usage ratio in carbonization process is high; And in carbonization process non-exhaust emission; (2) unfettered to the shape of biomass material, can to various shape in carbonization process---the biomass material as shapes such as strip, compressing grains shape, compressed rod realizes continuous seepage, large to the compatibility of biomass material, substantially increase production efficiency; (3) in carbonization process, reverse direct heat exchange mode is adopted, heat transfer efficiency is high, carbonization within a short period of time of biomass material energy, substantially increases carbonation rate, and from drying, carbonization to the whole process of cooling, the time of material lagging in carbide furnace is generally 10 hours; (4) time that temperature in body of heater inner chamber and material are detained in body of heater inner chamber can be controlled well, ensure that the material in body of heater inner chamber is heated evenly, carbonization and cooling fully, are avoided occurring burning, half-cooked phenomenon, thus are obtained the biological carbon of high-quality, stable performance.Biological carbon productive rate reaches 25%-30%, and the fixed carbon content in biological carbon reaches more than 85%, and volatile matter is lower than 5%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace after removing bracing frame in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of part A in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing of part B in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the left apparent direction of body of heater in Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is the sectional view in C-C direction in Fig. 5.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, technical solutions according to the invention are described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace of the present invention, comprising: the body of heater 5 of mount pad 15 and band inner chamber, body of heater 5 is installed on mount pad 15, and in the present embodiment, the internal diameter of body of heater 5 and the aspect ratio of body of heater 5 are 1:10-1:15.The bracing frame 1 supporting body of heater 5 is also set in the periphery of body of heater 5 in actual use, bracing frame 1 is arranged at intervals with some platforms 11 from bottom to up, bracing frame 1 is also provided with the ladder 12 that can arrive arbitrary platform 11.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 5, body of heater inner chamber is disposed with kiln 51, carbonizing chamber 52, high-temperature chamber 53 and cooling room 54 4 chambers from top to bottom, in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, kiln 51, carbonizing chamber 52, high-temperature chamber 53 and cooling room 54 4 chambers are provided with thermopair 58, sight glass 57 and manhole 55 respectively, each thermopair 58 can monitor the temperature in each chamber respectively, thus can control the temperature in each chamber more accurately; The setting of each sight glass 57 handled easily person can observe the situation of each chamber, and the setting of each manhole 55 can facilitate maintenance person to overhaul carbide furnace.Described kiln 51 is connected with the opening for feed at body of heater 5 top, and cooling room 54 is connected with the discharge port bottom body of heater 5, and each adjacent chamber is separated respectively by movable grate.In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 5 and Figure 6, the structure of described movable grate is: comprising: some spaced resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod 56, the two ends of each resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod 56 are supported in body of heater inner chamber respectively by bearing support 561, each resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod 56 is driven by a drive-motor 44 respectively, and under the driving of each drive-motor 44, each resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod 56 is rotated along equidirectional with same rotational speed.Can control the speed of the materials downward in body of heater inner chamber during work by controlling the rotating speed of each resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod 56 well, material being heated and cooling more even, drying, carbonization, cooling are more abundant.In actual use, the quantity of stirring rod 56 can be determined according to the volume size of biomass material, and when each stirring rod 56 is rotated along equidirectional with same rotational speed, biomass material can smooth and easy from the gap between each stirring rod 56, evenly drop; The present embodiment has spaced three stirring rod 56 for each movable grate in body of heater inner chamber and is described.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, the sidewall of high-temperature chamber 53 is provided with the combustion chamber for gas fuel burning, sidewall of the furnace body is provided with the nozzle 9 of band first inlet mouth 91 and the second inlet mouth 92, the injector head 93 of nozzle 9 is through stretching in combustion chamber after the through hole of sidewall of the furnace body, nozzle 9 is tightly connected with the through hole of sidewall of the furnace body, second inlet mouth 92 is connected with the induced draft fan 42 of band burner, induced draft fan 42 with burner can for providing combustion-supporting gas in combustion chamber, make the inflammable gas combustion with meagre oxygen in combustion chamber sprayed from nozzle 9, the high-temperature flue gas that burning produces enters in high-temperature chamber 53, and upwards flowed by high-temperature chamber 53, high-temperature flue gas in the process upwards flowed with the direct reverse heat-exchange of material to drop downwards, make biomass material flash carbonization.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 5, hopper 61 is connected by the opening for feed of feed control device with body of heater 5 top, feed control device can prevent gas in body of heater inner chamber from hopper 61 to external leakage, in the present embodiment, described feed control device is by the first feed valve 71, transition hopper 62 and the second feed valve 72 form, the discharge port of hopper 61 is successively by the first feed valve 71, transition hopper 62 is connected with the opening for feed of the second feed valve 72 with body of heater 5 top, during work, the first feed valve 71 and the second feed valve 72 can not be in opened condition simultaneously, gas in body of heater inner chamber so just can be prevented through the second feed valve 72, first feed valve 71 is to outward leakage, open frequency by controlling the first feed valve 71 and the second feed valve 72 during work regulates the inlet amount of biomass material.Be provided with the discharging hopper 63 be connected with the discharge port bottom body of heater 5 in the bottom of body of heater 5, the discharge port of discharging hopper 63 is connected with unloading valve 73.In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the platform 11 at bracing frame 1 top is provided with feed system 13, and biomass material is delivered in hopper 61 by feed system 13.Can select in actual use to form a complete feed system by travelling belt handling machinery, buffering material feeding box and spiral feed conveyer, by travelling belt handling machinery, buffering material feeding box and spiral feed conveyer, biomass material is delivered in hopper 61.In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, unloading valve 73 exit is provided with discharge system 14, the biological carbon exported from unloading valve 73 exports carbide furnace by discharge system 14.Discharge system 14 can adopt the spiral discharging handling machinery of adjustable rotating speed, and the output terminal of spiral discharging handling machinery is connected with biological carbon hold-up vessel, and the biological carbon exported from unloading valve 73 is transported in biological carbon hold-up vessel by spiral discharging handling machinery.In actual use, the load of biological carbon can be controlled by the rotating speed of adjusting screw discharging handling machinery, the translational speed of material in furnace chamber and reaction residence time accurately can be controlled by regulating the open frequency of the rotating speed of resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod 56 and the first feed valve 71, second feed valve 72 and unloading valve 73, ensure that the stay in grade of biological carbon is controlled, thus obtain the biological carbon of high yield, high-quality, stable performance.In actual use, outside carbide furnace, can also control device be set, the rotating speed of spiral discharging handling machinery, the rotating speed of resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod 56 and the open frequency of the first feed valve 71, second feed valve 72 and unloading valve 73 is controlled by control device, realize automatic production, enhance productivity further.
As shown in Figure 5, discharging hopper sidewall above unloading valve 73 is provided with the anti-blocking passage 632 be connected with discharging hopper inside, when biological carbon to overstock in discharging hopper 63 cannot by unloading valve 73 smoothly discharging time, rod is stretched in discharging hopper 63 from anti-blocking passage 632, the biological carbon overstock in discharging hopper 63 is smash pine, biological carbon is successfully exported carbide furnace from unloading valve 73.The mount pad 15 being positioned at unloading valve 73 discharge outlet is provided with atomization spray nozzle device 8, and the biological carbon that atomization spray nozzle device 8 can export the discharge port from unloading valve 73 is lowered the temperature again, avoids occurring that the biological carbon exported contacts with air and the phenomenon that is oxidized.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 with shown in Fig. 5; the gas passage 55 be connected with kiln 51 is also provided with at body of heater 5 top; in the present embodiment; described gas passage 55 is for having the passage of an inlet mouth, two air outlets; the inlet mouth of gas passage 55 is connected with the top of kiln 51; one of them air outlet of gas passage 55 is connected with gas sweetening cooling system; another air outlet of gas passage 55 is sealed by rupture disk 551 and covers; rupture disk 551 can protect carbide furnace, prevents the gaseous tension of body of heater inner chamber excessive and causes potential safety hazard.Gas sweetening cooling system described in the present embodiment comprises: gas wash tower 21 and drop catcher 22, one of them air outlet of gas passage 55 is connected with gas wash tower 21 by the first connecting pipeline 31, gas wash tower 21 is connected with drop catcher 22 by the second connecting pipeline 32, the air outlet of drop catcher 22 is connected with the through hole on the first inlet mouth 91 of nozzle 9 and discharging hopper 63 respectively by transfer line 33, transfer line 33 is also provided with the first blower fan 41, under the driving of the first blower fan 41, from the purification that the air outlet of drop catcher 22 exports, cooled inflammable gas is transported in the first inlet mouth 91 and discharging hopper 63 respectively by transfer line 33.Described gas wash tower 21 is a kind of gas sweetening treatment facilities, for carrying out decoking, dedusting and cooling operation to the mixed gas exported from body of heater inner chamber; Described drop catcher 22 is a kind of equipment of contained water smoke composition in divided gas flow, for removing from the moisture the mixed gas of gas wash tower 21 output, gas wash tower 21 and drop catcher 22 belong to proven technique, both can be directly commercially available.In actual use, transfer line 33 is provided with the first gas output end 331, second gas output end 332 and the 3rd gas output end 333, first gas output end 331 is connected with the first inlet mouth 91 of nozzle 9, second gas output end 332 is connected with cooling room 54 by the through hole on discharging hopper 63, and the 3rd gas output end 333 is connected with collection and confinement of gases tank 10.Transfer line 33 near the second gas output end 332 is also communicated with branched bottom, branched bottom is connected with the second induced draft fan 43, in the starting stage that carbide furnace starts, need first in body of heater inner chamber, to place incendivity thing, burning the raw high-temperature flue gas of produce by burn combustible makes cavity temperature in body of heater rise until the biomass material high temperature cabonization entered in body of heater inner chamber produces inflammable gas, second induced draft fan 43 started in the starting stage that carbide furnace starts, can promote that biomass material high temperature cabonization produces inflammable gas, the second induced draft fan 43 can be closed after carbide furnace normally produces inflammable gas, thereafter the heat in stove needed for carbonization provides by after the part gas fuel burning produced in biomass carbonization process.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 with shown in Fig. 5, the below of body of heater 5 is provided with sealed chamber 50, discharging hopper 63 is sealed in sealed chamber 50 by sealed chamber 50, through hole on discharging hopper 63 communicates with sealed chamber 50, the discharge port of discharging hopper 63 stretches out sealed chamber 50 bottom sealed chamber 50, anti-blocking passage 632 stretches out sealed chamber 50 from sealed chamber 50 sidewall, and when carbide furnace normally works, anti-blocking passage 632 is closed.The joint communicated with sealed chamber 50 is provided with at sealed chamber 50 sidewall, second gas output end 332 of transfer line 33 is connected with joint, the cooled inflammable gas exported from the second gas output end 332 enters in cooling room 54 after the through hole joint, sealed chamber 50 and discharging hopper 63, carries out cooling process to biological carbon.In the present embodiment, through hole on discharging hopper 63 is some apertures 631 being uniformly distributed in discharging hopper hypomere sidewall, enter inflammable gas in sealed chamber 50 can to enter in cooling room 54 from each aperture 631 and upwards flowing and with the reverse direct heat exchange of biological carbon of falling, the setting of each aperture 631 enables cooled inflammable gas enter into more uniformly in cooling room 54, thus makes the high-temperature biological charcoal cooling in cooling room 54 even, abundant.
Biomass material can select the multiple biomass waste material such as wood chip, shell, stalk, the length general control of biomass material is within 50 ㎜, gauge control within 10 ㎜, moisture control within 30%, the shape of biomass material can be bulk, strip, compressing grains shape, compress the various shapes such as bar-shaped.
Above-mentioned carbide furnace, gas sweetening cooling system can form a gas circulation and utilize loop, when carbide furnace is in the starting stage of startup, the inflammable gas that high temperature cabonization produces and the high-temperature flue gas that combustion chamber produces enter gas sweetening cooling system by gas passage and carry out decoking, dedusting, cooling, the inflammable gas of cold cleaning is obtained after being separated moisture, a cold inflammable gas part is by the first gas output end 331, nozzle 9 is transported to combustion chamber combustion and produces high-temperature flue gas, a cold inflammable gas part is by the second gas output end 332, through hole on discharging hopper 63 enters bottom cooling room 54, then with after the reverse direct heat exchange of high-temperature biological carbon in cooling room 54 hot gas flow is formed, hot gas flow upwards flows and enters in high-temperature chamber 53 from the gap of grate movable between high-temperature chamber 53 and cooling room 54, enter hot gas flow in high-temperature chamber 53 and high-temperature flue gas upwards to flow and enter in carbonizing chamber 52 from the gap of grate movable between carbonizing chamber 52 and high-temperature chamber 53, for material carbonization provides heat energy, the inflammable gas that material high temperature cabonization produces, high-temperature flue gas and hot gas flow form mixture heat air-flow, mixture heat air-flow upwards flows and enters in kiln 51 from the gap of grate movable between kiln 51 and carbonizing chamber 52, drying treatment is carried out to the biomass material in kiln, then enter in gas sweetening cooling system by the gas passage 55 at kiln 51 top, through purification, cooling process obtains the inflammable gas of cold cleaning, cold inflammable gas can provide heat energy needed for carbonization and cold air stream for carbide furnace again.Utilize in loop in gas circulation, each aperture 631 on discharging hopper 63, each movable grate can make the uniform stream flowed from bottom to top be distributed in body of heater inner chamber, thus ensure that the material in body of heater inner chamber is heated and cools evenly, fully.
The working process of carbide furnace is as follows: during charging, and first make the second feed valve 72 close, the first feed valve 71 is opened, and biomass material enters in transition hopper 62 by feed system 13, hopper 61, first feed valve 71; Then the first feed valve 71 is made to close, second feed valve 72 is opened, biomass material in transition hopper 62 is fallen in kiln 51 by the second feed valve 72, body of heater opening for feed, and dry pre-treatment is carried out in the reverse direct heat exchange of mixture heat air-flow falling into kiln 51 endogenous substance raw material and rising.The biomass material fallen in kiln 51 is deposited on the movable grate between kiln 51 and carbonizing chamber 52, and along with the rotation of stirring rod 56 is equably from the gap between each stirring rod 56 to falling into carbonizing chamber 52, high temperature cabonization is carried out in the reverse direct heat exchange of mixture heat air-flow to the material and rising that fall into carbonizing chamber 52.Charcoal after carbonization is deposited on the movable grate between carbonizing chamber 52 and high-temperature chamber 53, and along with stirring rod 56 rotation equably from the gap between each stirring rod 56 to falling into high-temperature chamber 53, to the biological carbon falling into high-temperature chamber 53 carbonization under the effect of the high-temperature flue gas risen and hot gas flow.The sufficient biological carbon of carbonization is deposited on the movable grate between high-temperature chamber 53 and cooling room 54, and along with stirring rod 56 rotation equably from the gap between each stirring rod 56 to falling into cooling room 54, the reverse direct heat exchange of cold air stream of the high-temperature biological carbon dropped downwards and rising, biological carbon is lowered the temperature, makes its temperature be down to less than 100 DEG C.Cooled biological carbon to be deposited in discharging hopper 63 and to export from unloading valve 73, and atomization spray nozzle device 8 can carry out reducing temperature twice to the biological carbon exported from unloading valve 73, avoids occurring that biological carbon contacts with air and the phenomenon of burning.Be that 1000 kg/h are described for biomass material inlet amount in the present embodiment, the biological carbon obtained is 250-300kg/h, biological carbon productive rate is about 25%-30%, charcoal calorific value be about 5500-6300 kilocalorie/kilogram, combustible gas gas production rate 310kg/h, inflammable gas calorific value is about 2500-3000kcal/Nm3, and system thermal efficiency is up to 80%.
Advantage of the present invention is: (1) this apparatus structure is simple, low cost of manufacture, only start starting stage needs at carbide furnace and provide heat energy by outside, after carbide furnace normally works high temperature cabonization generation inflammable gas, heat energy needed for carbide furnace does not then need to be provided by the external world, energy consumption is low, and the capacity usage ratio in carbonization process is high; And in carbonization process non-exhaust emission; (2) unfettered to the shape of biomass material, can to various shape in carbonization process---the biomass material as shapes such as strip, compressing grains shape, compressed rod realizes continuous seepage, large to the compatibility of biomass material, substantially increase production efficiency; (3) in carbonization process, reverse direct heat exchange mode is adopted, heat transfer efficiency is high, carbonization within a short period of time of biomass material energy, substantially increases carbonation rate, and from drying, carbonization to the whole process of cooling, the time of material lagging in carbide furnace is generally 10 hours; (4) time that temperature in body of heater inner chamber and material are detained in body of heater inner chamber can be controlled well, ensure that the material in body of heater inner chamber is heated evenly, carbonization and cooling fully, are avoided occurring burning, half-cooked phenomenon, thus are obtained the biological carbon of high-quality, stable performance.Biological carbon productive rate reaches 25%-30%, and the fixed carbon content in biological carbon reaches more than 85%, and volatile matter is lower than 5%.
Claims (10)
1. tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace, comprise: the body of heater of mount pad and band inner chamber, body of heater is installed on mount pad, it is characterized in that: body of heater inner chamber is disposed with kiln, carbonizing chamber, high-temperature chamber and cooling room four chambers from top to bottom, kiln is connected with the opening for feed at body of heater top, cooling room is connected with the discharge port of bottom of furnace body, and each adjacent chamber is separated respectively by movable grate; High-temperature chamber sidewall is provided with the combustion chamber for gas fuel burning, the high-temperature flue gas that inflammable gas produces in combustion chamber combustion can enter in high-temperature chamber, sidewall of the furnace body is provided with the nozzle of band first inlet mouth, the second inlet mouth, the injector head of nozzle is through stretching in combustion chamber after the through hole of sidewall of the furnace body, second inlet mouth is connected with the induced draft fan of band burner, and the air inducing function of band burner provides combustion-supporting gas to make inflammable gas combustion with meagre oxygen in combustion chamber; Hopper is connected by the opening for feed of feed control device with body of heater top, and be provided with the discharging hopper be connected with the discharge port of bottom of furnace body at bottom of furnace body, the discharge port of discharging hopper is connected with unloading valve; The gas passage be connected with kiln is provided with at body of heater top, the air outlet of gas passage is connected with the inlet mouth of gas sweetening cooling system, the air outlet of gas sweetening cooling system is connected with the through hole on the first inlet mouth of nozzle and discharging hopper respectively by transfer line, transfer line is also provided with the first blower fan, under the driving of the first blower fan, the purification exported from the air outlet of gas sweetening cooling system, cooled inflammable gas are transported in combustion chamber and cooling room respectively by transfer line.
2. according to tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described feed control device is made up of the first feed valve, transition hopper and the second feed valve, the discharge port of hopper is connected with the opening for feed of the second feed valve with body of heater top by the first feed valve, transition hopper successively, and during work, the first feed valve and the second feed valve can not be in opened condition simultaneously.
3. according to the tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described gas passage is the passage with an inlet mouth, two air outlets, the inlet mouth of gas passage is connected with kiln, one of them air outlet of gas passage is connected with the inlet mouth of gas sweetening cooling system, and another air outlet of gas passage is covered by rupture disk sealing.
4. according to tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described gas sweetening cooling system comprises gas wash tower and drop catcher, the air outlet of gas passage is connected with drop catcher with gas wash tower successively by connecting pipeline, and the air outlet of drop catcher is connected with the inlet mouth of transfer line.
5. according to tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the discharging hopper sidewall above unloading valve is provided with the anti-blocking passage communicated with discharging hopper inside; The mount pad being positioned at unloading valve discharge outlet is provided with atomization spray nozzle device, and atomization spray nozzle device can be lowered the temperature to the biological carbon exported from unloading valve.
6. according to tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: bottom of furnace body is provided with sealed chamber, discharging hopper is sealed in sealed chamber by sealed chamber, through hole on discharging hopper communicates with sealed chamber, the discharge port of discharging hopper stretches out sealed chamber bottom sealed chamber, the joint communicated with sealed chamber is provided with at sealed chamber's sidewall, transfer line is connected with joint, from the purification that the air outlet of gas sweetening cooling system exports, cooled inflammable gas passes through transfer line, joint, enter in cooling room after through hole on sealed chamber and discharging hopper.
7. according to tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the through hole on discharging hopper is made up of some apertures, each aperture is uniformly distributed in discharging hopper sidewall hypomere.
8. according to the tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace described in claim 1,2,4,5 or 6, it is characterized in that: the structure of described movable grate is: comprising: some spaced resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod, each resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod two ends are supported in body of heater inner chamber respectively by bearing support, each resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod is driven by a drive-motor respectively, and under the driving of each drive-motor, each resistant to elevated temperatures stirring rod is rotated along equidirectional with same rotational speed.
9. according to tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in kiln, carbonizing chamber, high-temperature chamber and cooling room four chamber sidewall, be provided with thermopair, sight glass and manhole respectively.
10., according to the tower biological matter continuous carbonization furnace described in claim 1,2,4,5,6 or 9, it is characterized in that: have feed system in body of heater arranged outside, biomass material is delivered in hopper by feed system; Unloading valve exit is provided with discharge system, and the biological carbon exported from unloading valve exports by discharge system.
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