CN109626519A - 一种采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法 - Google Patents

一种采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法 Download PDF

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CN109626519A
CN109626519A CN201910062963.7A CN201910062963A CN109626519A CN 109626519 A CN109626519 A CN 109626519A CN 201910062963 A CN201910062963 A CN 201910062963A CN 109626519 A CN109626519 A CN 109626519A
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陈勇
涂勇
徐军
刘伟京
白永刚
张耀辉
黄思琦
高柳
周亮
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法,所述复合双面电极的两面分别作为阳极面和阴极面,阴极面与外部的破络阳极形成一电解回路,阳极面与外部的另一阴极形成另一电解回路,两个电解回路利用脉冲电解法同时对化学镍废液进行处理,同步降解化学镍废液中的络合剂并回收镍磷合金。本发明利用金属氧化物复合电极破除废液中镍离子的络合状态,利用复合双面电极的两极分别主要形成电吸附和电还原反应,吸附反应包含阳极电容将化学镍废液中离子富集在碳基多孔阳极‑溶液界面。

Description

一种采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法,属于污水处理领域。
背景技术
络合重金属电镀废水中含有大量的重金属离子和络合剂,重金属离子与络合剂会形成稳定的鳌合物,不易形成沉淀,因此采用传统的化学沉淀法不能有效去除废水中的重金属离子,使得含络合重金属废水成为电镀废水中典型的处理难题。化学镀镍,是络合重金属电镀废水的典型代表,但随着化学镀镍技术应用范围和生产规模的不断扩大,由此产生的环境问题也越来越严重。化学镀镍溶液使用一段时间后,溶液老化,继续使用将会影响镀层质量,因此化学镀液报废,成为化学镀镍废液。化学镍废液酸性强、含有次磷酸盐、亚磷酸盐、镍离子、络合稳定,传统处理工艺运行费用高、处理效果不佳、难以综合利用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法,实现高效的镍磷合金的回收。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法,所述复合双面电极的两面分别作为阳极面和阴极面,阴极面与外部的破络阳极形成一电解回路,阳极面与外部的另一阴极形成另一电解回路,两个电解回路利用脉冲电解法同时对化学镍废液进行处理,同步降解化学镍废液中的络合剂并回收镍磷合金。
其中,所述复合双面电极采用绝缘粘结剂将碳基多孔电极与金属电极压制粘结成的一面是多孔碳基阳极面、另一面是金属阴极面的双面两极电极。
优选地,所述多孔碳基阳极面采用活性炭纤维、石墨、石墨毡、石墨烯中的任意一种或两种以上组合形成;所述金属阴极面采用钛、镍、不锈钢中的任意一种;所述绝缘粘结剂用量为0.1~0.8kg/m2
优选地,所述破络阳极为复合电极,采用具有催化氧化活性的二氧化钌、二氧化铱、二氧化锡、二氧化铅、氧化钛、掺硼金刚石中的任意一种或者至少两种组成。
优选地,所述的另一阴极为镍电极、钛电极或不锈钢电极。
优选地,所述的脉冲电解法电解电流密度为5~50mA/cm2,占空比0.2~0.9,频率100~3000Hz。
有益效果:
本发明利用金属氧化物复合电极破除废液中镍离子的络合状态,利用复合双面电极的两极分别主要形成电吸附和电还原反应,吸附反应包含阳极电容将化学镍废液中离子富集在碳基多孔阳极-溶液界面,脉冲电解断电时段,离子能释放到复合双面电极周围,提高金属阴极界面含磷离子的浓度,同时补充阴极面离子,降低浓差极化,在脉冲电解通电时段,含磷离子和镍离子在金属阴极界面还原形成镍磷合金,双面两极电极比使用单独电极的功能更佳,能高效处理化学镍废液,实现镍磷合金的回收。本发明方法工艺简单,易于操作控制,同步降解化学镍废液中的络合剂并回收镍磷合金。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做更进一步的具体说明,本发明的上述和/或其他方面的优点将会变得更加清楚。
图1为本发明方法电解装置的示意图;
图2为本方法回收的镍磷合金层的电镜图;
图3为本方法回收的镍磷合金层的能谱分析图。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。
说明书附图所绘示的结构、比例、大小等,均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容,以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读,并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件,故不具技术上的实质意义,任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整,在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下,均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容所能涵盖的范围内。同时,本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“中间”等用语,亦仅为便于叙述的明了,而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围,其相对关系的改变或调整,在无实质变更技术内容下,当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
实施例1
电解装置示意图如图1所示,利用绝缘粘结剂将石墨毡多孔电极与钛电极压制粘结成复合双面两极电极,绝缘粘结剂用量为0.5kg/m2,采用复合双面两极电极的石墨毡面和钛面分别作为阳极面和阴极面,采用钛基二氧化锡/二氧化铅复合电极作为破络阳极,钛电极作为阴极,利用脉冲电解法处理化学镍废液,采用正脉冲方波,调节电解的电流密度为30mA/cm2,占空比0.5,频率1000Hz,反应时间4h,降解化学镍废液中的络合剂,破除废液中镍离子的络合状态,同时在钛阴极面上还原形成镍磷合金层进行回收,镍磷合金层的电镜图和能谱分析图如图2、3所示,能谱分析显示镍磷合金层中Ni:P:C质量比为84.3:13.1:2.6,化学镍废液中的镍离子去除率达到99.1%。
实施例2
电解装置结构与实施例1相同,利用绝缘粘结剂将碳纤维/石墨烯多孔电极与不锈钢电极压制粘结成复合双面两极电极,绝缘粘结剂用量为0.8kg/m2,采用复合双面两极电极的碳纤维/石墨烯面和不锈钢面分别作为阳极面和阴极面,采用二氧化锡/掺硼金刚石复合电极作为破络阳极,不锈钢电极作为阴极,利用脉冲电解法处理化学镍废液,采用正脉冲方波,调节电解的电流密度为50mA/cm2,占空比0.9,频率100Hz,反应时间2h,降解化学镍废液中的络合剂,破除废液中镍离子的络合状态,同时在钛阴极面上还原形成镍磷合金层进行回收,能谱分析显示镍磷合金层中Ni:P:C质量比为84.0:14.3:1.7,化学镍废液中的镍离子去除率达96.7%。
实施例3
电解装置结构与实施例1相同,利用绝缘粘结剂将石墨多孔电极与镍电极压制粘结成复合双面两极电极,绝缘粘结剂用量为0.1kg/m2,采用复合双面两极电极的石墨面和镍面分别作为阳极面和阴极面,采用二氧化钌/二氧化铱复合电极作为破络阳极,镍电极作为阴极,利用脉冲电解法处理化学镍废液,采用正脉冲方波,调节电解的电流密度为5mA/cm2,占空比0.2,频率3000Hz,反应时间12h,降解化学镍废液中的络合剂,破除废液中镍离子的络合状态,同时在钛阴极面上还原形成镍磷合金层进行回收,能谱分析显示镍磷合金层中Ni:P:C质量比为85.9:10.2:3.9,化学镍废液中的镍离子去除率为95.5%。
对比例1
不采用复合双面两极电极,仅采用钛基二氧化锡/二氧化铅复合电极作为破络阳极,钛电极作为阴极,利用直流电解法处理化学镍废液,调节电解的电流密度为30mA/cm2,反应时间4h,降解化学镍废液中的络合剂,破除废液中镍离子的络合状态,同时在钛电极上还原形成镍合金层进行回收,能谱分析显示镍合金层中Ni:P:C:O质量比为75.1:3.8:12.9:8.2,化学镍废液中镍离子的去除率仅为79.5%。
本发明提供了一种采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法的思路及方法,具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (6)

1.一种采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法,其特征在于,所述复合双面电极的两面分别作为阳极面和阴极面,阴极面与外部的破络阳极形成一电解回路,阳极面与外部的另一阴极形成另一电解回路,两个电解回路利用脉冲电解法同时对化学镍废液进行处理,同步降解化学镍废液中的络合剂并回收镍磷合金。
2.根据权利要求1所述的采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法,其特征在于,所述复合双面电极采用绝缘粘结剂将碳基多孔电极与金属电极压制粘结成的一面是多孔碳基阳极面、另一面是金属阴极面的双面两极电极。
3.根据权利要求2所述的采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法,其特征在于,所述多孔碳基阳极面采用活性炭纤维、石墨、石墨毡、石墨烯中的任意一种或两种以上组合形成;所述金属阴极面采用钛、镍、不锈钢中的任意一种;所述绝缘粘结剂用量为0.1~0.8kg/m2
4.根据权利要求1所述的采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法,其特征在于,所述破络阳极为复合电极,采用具有催化氧化活性的二氧化钌、二氧化铱、二氧化锡、二氧化铅、氧化钛、掺硼金刚石中的任意一种或者至少两种组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法,其特征在于,所述的另一阴极为镍电极、钛电极或不锈钢电极。
6.根据权利要求1所述的采用复合双面电极回收处理化学镍废液的方法,所述的脉冲电解法电解电流密度为5~50mA/cm2,占空比0.2~0.9,频率100~3000Hz。
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CN111977751A (zh) * 2020-08-31 2020-11-24 温州大学 一种阴极电场强化臭氧氧化破络与金属同步回收装置及方法
CN113463133A (zh) * 2021-06-23 2021-10-01 华中师范大学 电化学装置及其应用、以及回收工业废水中金属的方法
CN114032558A (zh) * 2021-12-14 2022-02-11 北京科技大学 一种从化学镀镍废液中电解制取NiP微米颗粒的方法

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