CN1096152A - 气体放电灯的镇流器 - Google Patents

气体放电灯的镇流器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1096152A
CN1096152A CN93121370A CN93121370A CN1096152A CN 1096152 A CN1096152 A CN 1096152A CN 93121370 A CN93121370 A CN 93121370A CN 93121370 A CN93121370 A CN 93121370A CN 1096152 A CN1096152 A CN 1096152A
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lamp
current
ballast
discharge lamp
gaseous discharge
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T·法卡斯
S·文基塔苏布拉曼尼安
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Philips Electronics NV
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02Details
    • H01J61/56One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36Controlling
    • H05B41/38Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/295Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
    • H05B41/298Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2988Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the lamp against abnormal operating conditions
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/05Starting and operating circuit for fluorescent lamp
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/07Starting and control circuits for gas discharge lamp using transistors

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  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

一种镇流器稳定化装置,用以最大限度地减小或 消除气体放电灯(例如荧光灯)灯电流的振荡或跳模 现象。还介绍实现这个装置的方法。具体作法是往 镇流器电流线路中加入频率响应零点。该线路的一 个例子有一个反馈网络,经检测的灯电流信号由一个 误差信号放大器将其与一个基准信号加以比较,该误 差信号放大器的反馈电容串联连接有一个电阻,用以 实现控制电路频率响应中的零点。

Description

本发明涉及一种气体放电灯的镇流器(例如变频电子镇流器),用以消除气体放电灯的电流包络线因放电灯的动态特性对放电灯中电流控制反馈环路所起的不稳定化影响而产生的跳模或振荡。具体地说,我们发现,用阻性电路往反馈环路中加入频率响应零点可以消除气体放电灯中峰值电弧电流不希望有的振荡或变化。
荧光灯照明中使用的各种普通电子镇流器在荧光灯的亮度降低到灯电流的低电平时,灯电流包络线会产生不希望有的振荡。灯电流包络线的这种振荡会使峰值因数变坏,可能引起闪光,在某些情况下还会使电弧熄灭。
现有技术的这种一般灯电流控制方法中历来都应用电流反馈。灯电流的振荡,即电流幅值的跳模或调制,特别影响着窄管灯,尤其是在电流电平低时,更是如此。
现行用来缓和跳模的各种方法是不完善的。例如,可使用的电流和频率范围受到限制。目前考虑到的其它可能解决的方案相当复杂。而如此复杂的系统会使其部件的数目和造价大幅度增加。例如,现行解决跳模问题的作法比起本发明提出的作法,在部件的数目上多9倍左右,在造价方面高9倍至19倍的范围。
一般普通市销的荧光灯镇流器可参看美国专利4,952,849和5,089,751,该两专利都转让给本专利申请的同一个受让人。这些现有技术通常包括一个控制线路以检测灯电流,应用R-C低通滤波器产生频率响应下降的低频极点,将信号与基准信号相比较,再调节半桥式驱动器的频率。若这种电子镇流器在一对串联连接的四管荧光灯上工作,这种线路会使灯电流跳模,使灯电流包络线在低电流电平下不稳定。
对本专利申请来说,频率响应零点和极点二词的定义分别参见1984年第三版的IEEE电气电子术语标准词典第1030页和第660页。
目前提出要求保护专利权的本发明能够消除气体放电灯(例如荧光灯)在电流或功率反馈控制的过程中其电流产生的振荡或跳模。具体地说,本发明的这个重大好处是通过往控制线路的反馈环路中加入零点达到的。这个零点可以通过给反馈环路的反馈电容或低通滤波电容串联一个电阻从而实质上消除了灯电流包络线的这种振荡来实现的。
我们还发现,给R-C串联电路并联上另一个电容器的作用是增加一个高频极点,从而通过不断使较高频的回路增益频率响应下降以确保充分滤波。
在控制线路检测灯电流或功率、用具有低频率响应下降极点的R-C滤波器对信号整流和滤波、将信号与基准信号相比较并调节半桥式驱动器的频率或其他控制参数的场合,给滤波电容器串联电阻值,可能的话再并联另一个电容,可以改善市销的一般荧光灯减小亮度的镇流器。电阻被选取得使R-C乘积给反馈回路的频率响应增加一个零点,从而产生具有充分相位容限的增益为1的截止频率。
荧光灯因其热力学性能而产生数百赫的极点,该极点还随工作点和环境温度变化。鉴于灯电流控制环路采用误差信号放大器时须要有大的直流增益,而且远在开关频率之前必须使频率响应下降,因而这种误差信号放大器通常设计成高增益和数赫级的低频频率响应下降极点。在静态电流/频率特性曲线陡的情况下,这时灯极点的频率较低,灯极点可能在低于环路传输的增益为1时的截止频率(UGC)产生。若灯极点处在UGC频率,则控制环路的相位容限约为45度,但随着灯极点的大幅度下降,相位容限变坏,从而引起振荡。
因此,一般市销荧光灯镇流器中灯电流的那种跳模的解决办法是采用超前校正(零极对)。零点置于控制环路的误差信号放大电路或低通滤波电路中以便大致消除灯极点并使单极点的频率响应下降,这样可以使相位容限变好。超前校正的另一极点置于高得多的频率以确保在开关频率下的增益充分小。
现在就下列各附图说明本发明的内容,附图中:
图1示出了本发明解决灯电流跳模或振荡问题的电路图;
图2A以曲线的形式示出了压控振荡器(VCO)电压输入的振荡情况,图2B示出了因VCQ电压的这种振荡情而产生的灯电流;
图3A示出了现有技术放电灯中电流跳模或振荡情况的示意图,图3B则示出了按本发明消除这种振荡的示意图;
图4示出本发明的另一个实施例;
图5示出了本发明另一个实施例。
图1中可以看到荧光灯电路振荡或跳模的解决办法,图中示出了变频电子荧光灯镇流器的电流控制环路。在该线路中,电流从直流母线16通过晶体管18馈到由灯、电感线圈Lres20、电容器Cres21和隔直电容器19组成的并联谐振电路,给灯12馈电。经检测的灯电流信号通过具有整流器13、误差信号放大级10、压控振荡器14和半桥式驱动器15的控制电路传送。该控制电路通过检测灯电流,并将得出的信号与在线路17引入到误差信号放大器11的基准电压Vref相比较进行工作。
若经滤波和整流检测的灯电流信号高于基准电压Vref,误差信号放大器就会减小VCO输入电压以提高变频半桥式驱动器15的频率。在图1的控制线路中,反馈电容器1连同电阻2使放大器增益的单极点频率响应下降。
然而,灯12本身引来了另一个极点。灯极点是电弧电流的变化快得使灯的电阻再也不能维持下去时的频率。更具体地说,这是灯增加的电阻对电弧电流的波动在频率上的响应中的一个极点。灯在相位上的延迟本身表明了阻抗变化的延迟。
由此产生的相位容限很差,这促使反馈环路中产生振荡,这本身表明VCO输入电压发生变化,如图2A中所示,并表明灯电流经过调幅和/或调频,如图2B中所示。灯电流控制环路线路要求有大的直流增益,且远在开关频率之前就必须使频率响应下降。因此误差信号放大级10通常设计成具有高增益和数赫级的低频频率响应下降极点。
图2中对振荡或跳模的解决办法是采用电阻值(例如图1中的电阻器3)往馈电路的频率响应中加入一个零点。实际上,这个零点是用来消除因灯的动态特性往反馈环路的频率响应中引入极点而产生的不希望有的相移。这个零频率选择得使环路传输的频率响应具有充分的相位容限。相位容限值一般为45度。例如,图1中,零频率是按1/2πRC的关系由电阻3和电容1确定的。电阻器3的值取决于灯12和并联谐振电路中各部件的值。理论上,任何气体放电灯都能产生振荡或跳模问题。实际上,灯12可能是个窄管的荧光灯,这就会产生电流振荡的最困难问题。其它类型的荧光灯,例如双管荧光灯和四管荧光灯,也会产生这个问题。
图5的低通滤波器放在灯电流整流器13的输出端,而不是象图1那样放在误差信号放大器中。作为一个例子,图5的电路示出了可用来驱动一对26瓦四管灯的另一个实施例。象美国专利4,952,849和5,089,751中在镇流器中运行的大约38毫安均方根值的灯流,会引起严重的跳模,峰值约为130毫安,波峰因数为3.4。可以观察到中间频率或跳模频率约为600赫。零点校正采用了330欧电阻器的电阻51与1微法的电容52串联连接。
电阻51的值选择得可以往反馈环路的频率响应中加入其值约为500赫的零点。这个解决办法完全消除了灯电流的跳模现象,如图3B中所示。
图3A的反馈线路中没有采用电阻51,因而在电流波形的包络线中可以看到振荡现象31。这个振荡现象使光强发生变化,有时候可以看到这种变化,即闪光。另一方面,反馈电路中加了电阻器51的情况下,图3B高频电流波形31的幅值恒定,从而使光输出没有任何闪光或振荡。
控制电路的工作情况可以通过加上另一个电容4(如图4中所示)或电容53(如图5中所示)进一步得到改善。这个电容器的值比图4中电容1的值或图5中电容52的值小例如20至100倍。举例说,在图5的上述电路中,电容52约为1微法,因而电容53可以取0.03微法。增设的这个小电容53与图5的R-C串联网络并联配置。增设的这个小电容53增加了高频极点从而确保在高频下环路增益的频率响应继续下降。
可以采用与图1和图5类似的电路来检测和/或控制气体放电灯的功率。在该情况下,可以对功率控制环路进行零点校正。为检测功率,该电阻应放在另一个位置,例如,与其中一个晶体管18串联。
用其它控制方法(例如脉宽调制法)控制灯的电流或功率电平时,也可以应用上述校正法。

Claims (4)

1、一种用于气体放电灯的镇流器,包括:
(a)若干端子,用以连接起码一个气体放电灯;和
(b)控制电路装置,用以控制流过所述起码一个气体放电灯的电流;
其特征在于,所述控制电路装置包括:
反馈网络装置,具一定的电阻值,用以往所述控制电路装置的频率响应中引入一个零点。
2、根据权利要求1所述的镇流器,其特征在于,所述电阻值按气体放电灯的类型选择。
3、根据权利要求1所述的镇流器,其特征在于,所述电阻值以与第一电容串联连接的形式安排。
4、根据权利要求3所述的镇流器,其特征在于,第二电容与所述电阻值及所述第一电容的所述串联连接并联配置,所述第二电容比所述第一电容小得多。
CN93121370A 1992-12-28 1993-12-24 气体放电灯的镇流器 Pending CN1096152A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/997,989 US5382881A (en) 1992-12-28 1992-12-28 Ballast stabilization circuitry for eliminating moding or oscillation of the current envelope in gas discharge lamps and method of operating
US997,989 1992-12-28

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US (1) US5382881A (zh)
EP (1) EP0605052A1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH06223979A (zh)
KR (1) KR940016437A (zh)
CN (1) CN1096152A (zh)
CA (1) CA2112434A1 (zh)

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US5382881A (en) 1995-01-17
JPH06223979A (ja) 1994-08-12
KR940016437A (ko) 1994-07-23
EP0605052A1 (en) 1994-07-06
CA2112434A1 (en) 1994-06-29

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