CN109614723B

CN109614723B - Comprehensive construction method based on BIM technology

Info

Publication number: CN109614723B
Application number: CN201811535368.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨超; 王小波; 颜廷韵
Original assignee: First Construction Engineering Co Ltd of China Construction Second Engineering Bureau Co Ltd
Current assignee: First Construction Engineering Co Ltd of China Construction Second Engineering Bureau Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-12-14
Filing date: 2018-12-14
Publication date: 2023-04-28
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-14
Also published as: CN109614723A

Abstract

The comprehensive construction method based on the BIM technology comprises three parts of determining a deepened design basis, a BIM-based design stage and a drawing construction, wherein the determining deepened design basis comprises a clearance requirement report, a design blueprint, equipment parameters, technical requirements and related national and industry specifications; the drawing comprises a structure hole reserving drawing, a masonry wall hole reserving drawing, a pipeline comprehensive drawing, a single professional plane drawing, a section drawing, a support and hanger large sample drawing, a machine room large sample drawing, a clear height drawing and a fine positioning drawing; the large sample diagram of the support and hanger is used for plotting the comprehensive support and hanger and the large support and hanger, and the drawing contains the specific practice large sample of the support and hanger and the bearing information of the support and hanger. The pipeline comprehensive technology based on the BIM technology can integrate professional models such as buildings, structures, electromechanics and the like, find problems before the construction of engineering begins, and solve the problems before the construction through deepening design and design optimization.

Description

Comprehensive construction method based on BIM technology

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of building construction, in particular to a construction method based on BIM technology.

Background

In recent years, the building market stands up from various large commercial buildings, and the electromechanical installation engineering industry steps into a new peak. The domestic building market is continuously introduced into foreign material developers, regulations and standards of the domestic building industry are gradually perfected, the requirements on the progress, safety and quality management of the field construction of the electromechanical engineering are increasingly increased, and the traditional material management mode of the field of the large-scale electromechanical engineering can not meet the actual requirements of the engineering.

In electromechanical engineering construction, design drawings of many projects often cannot meet the construction requirement due to various reasons, and deep design is needed before construction. Various pipelines of the electromechanical system are complicated, the pipeline trend is densely staggered, if collision occurs in construction, the dismantling and reworking phenomenon can occur, even the design scheme can be modified again, materials are wasted, the construction period is delayed, and the project cost can be increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a comprehensive construction method based on BIM technology, which aims to solve the technical problems of low construction efficiency and high cost in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the comprehensive construction method based on the BIM technology comprises three parts of determining a deepened design basis, a BIM-based design stage and a drawing construction, wherein the determining deepened design basis comprises a clearance requirement report, a design blueprint, equipment parameters, technical requirements and related national and industry specifications; the drawing comprises a structure hole reserving drawing, a masonry wall hole reserving drawing, a pipeline comprehensive drawing, a single professional plane drawing, a section drawing, a support and hanger large sample drawing, a machine room large sample drawing, a clear height drawing and a fine positioning drawing; the large sample diagram of the support and hanger is used for plotting the comprehensive support and hanger and the large support and hanger, and the drawing contains the specific practice large sample of the support and hanger and the bearing information of the support and hanger.

The BIM-based design phase specifically comprises the following steps:

step one, pipeline synthesis is carried out, and a BIM model is established: collecting and arranging the latest construction drawings, including building, structure, electromechanics and fine-finishing professional drawings, and building and integrating the professional BIM models;

the installation heights and positions of the lamp, the smoke sensing probe and the sprinkler head are considered in the whole pipeline arrangement process; in the pipeline conflict area, the pressured pipe avoids the pressureless pipe, the small pipeline avoids the large pipeline, the construction is simple, the difficulty of avoiding the construction is high, and the pipeline with few accessories avoids the pipeline with more accessories; when the bridge and the water pipe are at the same height, the bridge and the water pipe are horizontally and separately arranged, and the distance between the bridge and the heat-insulating outer wall of the water pipe is more than or equal to 400mm; when the bridge is in the same vertical direction, the bridge is arranged under the upper water pipe and the lower water pipe; when the pressure flow pipeline and the gravity flow pipeline are crossed, the requirements of the gravity flow pipeline on elevation are met as primary conditions; the cold water pipe avoids the hot water pipe; performing construction simulation on the complex area of the pipeline, determining the installation form of the support and the hanger, and determining the sequence of pipeline installation;

step two, performing system rechecking calculation: according to the comprehensive BIM model of the pipeline, hydraulic calculation and equipment model selection are carried out; carrying out support and hanger design on large pipelines and complex areas of the pipelines, determining support and hanger forms, steel types and welding modes, and carrying out support and hanger stress calculation;

Step three, carrying out overall deepening design: combining the equipment size, weight and reserved installation foundation, the installation process conditions, the requirements of electromechanical equipment and pipelines on installation space, the requirements of the system debugging, detection and maintenance on the space, the positions and the distances of the electromechanical equipment and pipelines and various valves and switches, and the installation positions of various water valves and air valves for daily maintenance operation illumination and ventilation; the fan installation position; and after the deep design is finished, judging whether the space is too small or too large according to the factors of water system discharge, structural safety and an electrical system.

In the third step, the structural safety refers to that the electromechanical pipeline passes through the structural member, and the position and the size of the reserved hole or the sleeve meet the following principles:

A. the areas of the frame column body and the shear wall hidden column are strictly forbidden to open holes, and holes are reserved on structural beams, plates and walls at other parts or on sleeves; the pipeline embedded sleeve penetrates through the frame beam and the connecting beam, the opening is in the midspan range of 1/3, and the effective height of the opening is not less than 1/3 of the height of the beam and not less than 200mm; when the reserved hole on the floor slab is smaller than 300mm, the steel bars in the slab bypass the hole;

B. when the reserved hole on the structural beam is larger than 100mm and the reserved hole on the structural wall is larger than 500mm, the number and arrangement of the steel bars in the structural beam or the wall are changed in the design and construction stage, so that the hole is reinforced;

C. The hole on the shear wall is arranged in the middle of the section;

D. and when the opening formed in the secondary structure wall is larger than 400mm, a lintel is arranged.

The BIM-based design stage comprises the design of a refrigerating machine room, and comprises the following specific steps:

step one, on-site measurement and check: checking construction errors of the building structure, wherein the checking content comprises beams, columns, walls and foundations;

step two, starting to establish a BIM model: determining the layout of equipment in a BIM model, wherein all the equipment is arranged along the enclosing direction of a machine room wall structure, a reserved space is formed in the central area, the equipment comprises a cooling unit and a water pump, other professional pipelines penetrating through the cooling machine room are optimally arranged, and the space height of the optimized machine room is not less than 4.0 m;

step three, damping and shock insulation design of equipment: a damping platform (specific structure is that) with the weight 3 times of the running weight of the water pump is arranged below the water pump, and the water pump and the damping platform are connected and fixed by foundation bolts; a spring damper is additionally arranged among the refrigerating unit, the vibration reduction platform and the equipment foundation, and a metal soft joint is additionally arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the water pump and the refrigerating unit;

step four, designing an assembled pipeline, and carrying out optimized and reasonable segmentation on a pipeline model: creating a standard BIM library on the basis of the BIM model of the third step by utilizing REVIT software according to a machine room design drawing, and building a BIM model with a machine room pipeline based on the real size, wherein in the pipeline design, the position of a main pipeline is firstly determined, then the positions of branch pipelines are sequentially arranged, wherein the main pipeline is preferentially arranged above equipment along a wall structure, the shortest distance between the main pipeline and the equipment is formed, the supporting space of the branch pipelines is reduced, and then the main pipeline is arranged above a central area without the branch pipelines;

The basis of the sectional design of the pipeline is that the sectional joint is not positioned at the elbow, the tee joint and the bracket; the pipe sections are in 3 directions; the pipe section is not longer than 7 m and the width is not longer than 1.5 m;

step five, designing a bracket and establishing a bracket system: after the pipeline is designed, a support structure and a layout are further designed on the basis of the BIM model in the fourth step by utilizing REVIT software, a standard BIM family library is created, and a BIM model with a support system based on the physical size is generated;

the bracket system is designed in three layers, namely, a first layer is designed to form a peripheral bracket system by designing brackets of equipment and a main pipeline along a wall structure, and the bracket density of the layer of the system is small; a second layer, designing a stent in the central region to form a central stent system, wherein the stent density of the layer system is high; the third layer is designed with an auxiliary supporting system, which comprises a support for supporting the bent pipe position and the foundation of the pipeline, and a connecting supporting structure between the support and the pipeline, wherein the density of the layer system is high;

step six, designing a pipeline damping system, and selecting a spring damper: stress calculation is carried out on stress of each support according to support layout, and the spring shock absorber is selected according to stress of each support;

In the fourth step, the method further comprises the steps of free segment design: in order to eliminate accumulated errors generated in the manufacturing and mounting processes, a free section is arranged at the joint of the longer straight pipe section and equipment, and the free section is prefabricated according to the final assembly condition in-situ measurement;

in the step six, shock absorbers are designed at all air conditioner water pipe brackets in the machine room, supports are designed at the water inlet pipe elbow and the water outlet pipe elbow of the water pump and refrigerating unit, and spring shock absorbers are designed at the same time; calculating the stress of each shock absorber, and adding a safe weight as the calculated stress weight according to the total weight of the water pipe and the water after water passing; and selecting the shape of the spring damper according to the stress calculation result.

The support system comprises supports arranged below the pipeline at intervals along the length direction of the pipeline, and the supports comprise unidirectional supports, steering supports and side-by-side supports.

The unidirectional support is a door-type support and comprises two upright posts and a group of parallel beams connected to the tops of the upright posts, a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the parallel beams at intervals, and the bottoms of the upright posts are connected with the ground through connecting steel plates. Unidirectional stents are a relatively common structure.

In order to meet the space staggering of the pipelines, a steering bracket is designed, and comprises a main bracket and secondary brackets vertically connected to one side or two sides of the main bracket; the main support is a door-type support and comprises two main upright posts and a group of main parallel beams connected to the tops of the main upright posts, a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the main parallel beams at intervals, and the bottoms of the main upright posts are connected with the ground through connecting steel plates; the secondary support comprises a secondary upright post and a group of secondary parallel beams, wherein one end of each secondary parallel beam is connected with the main upright post, the other end of each secondary parallel beam is connected with the secondary upright post, the height of each secondary support does not exceed that of the main parallel beam, and a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the secondary parallel beams at intervals.

In order to meet the condition that parallel pipelines are not at the same height, a side-by-side bracket is designed, the side-by-side bracket comprises a first bracket and a second bracket which is connected to the side surface of the first bracket side by side, the first bracket is a door-type bracket and comprises two first upright posts and a group of first parallel beams connected to the tops of the first upright posts, a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the first main parallel beams at intervals, and the bottoms of the first upright posts are connected with the ground through connecting steel plates; the second support comprises a second upright post and a group of second parallel beams, one end of each second parallel beam is connected with the first upright post, the other end of each second parallel beam is connected with the second upright post, the height of each second parallel beam is not more than that of each second parallel beam, and a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the second parallel beams at intervals.

The main body of the damping platform sequentially comprises a vibration isolation rubber mat, a pouring panel, an isolation layer and a concrete layer from bottom to top, wherein the vibration isolation rubber mat layer comprises a group of vibration isolation rubber mats which are arranged at intervals in parallel, the vibration isolation rubber mats are of rectangular strip structures, and the isolation layer is a waterproof film layer.

The main part of shock attenuation platform still encloses and has closed concrete frame all around, and wherein the waterproof film of isolation layer turns over the book and sets up between concrete layer and concrete frame, and still is equipped with the surrounding edge cushion between waterproof film and the concrete frame, seals through the sealant between waterproof film and the surrounding edge cushion and bonds.

The support and hanger comprises a pipe well and pipeline support; the pipe well pipeline bracket comprises four upright posts connected between reserved holes of an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure and three groups of transverse rods arranged on the upright posts in parallel, each group of transverse rods is provided with four transverse rods and is arranged between the upright posts in a circumferential direction, and two ends of the upright posts are correspondingly connected with the structure through connecting plates; the first group of the transverse rods is 0.8-1.2 m away from the upper layer structure, the second group of the transverse rods is 1.8-2.2 m away from the upper layer structure, and the third group of the transverse rods is 3.8-4.2 m away from the upper layer structure;

the periphery of the lower part of the pipe well pipeline bracket is built with building blocks, and the building height is 2-2.5 m.

The BIM-based design stage comprises the design of equipment transportation, and comprises the following specific steps:

step one, building a three-dimensional model, which comprises a building model and an equipment model:

building a building model, utilizing Revit software, importing a CAD base map, drawing a model shaft network according to the CAD shaft network, positioning structural columns, structural beams, ramps and stair positions according to the marked sizes of the blueprints, and drawing components according to the sizes and the heights of the components so as to build a complete three-dimensional building model;

establishing an equipment model, and establishing the model according to the actual size of the equipment and the size of a component by using Revit modeling software;

And step two, three-dimensional simulation of the transportation route, and determining a final transportation scheme through comparison analysis of a plurality of routes.

The BIM-based design stage comprises the design of a ventilation air conditioning system, and comprises the following specific steps:

step one, hydraulic calculation work is completed by utilizing the revit software: according to the original design blueprint, selecting a standard layer to perform hydraulic calculation to obtain a calculation book,

step two, determining the most unfavorable point and the most favorable point in the first simulation before construction, and finding out a model with problems;

step three, adjusting the pipeline with problems;

step four, finishing deepening work of the BIM model according to the electromechanical professional drawings;

and at the later stage, the BIM model is used for guiding and debugging on-site construction.

The specific steps of guiding and debugging on site construction by using the BIM model are as follows:

extracting a ventilation air conditioning system model from the deepened BIM model, synchronously updating with the on-site change, and actually reflecting on-site electromechanical network construction: the deepened drawing is constructed on site, and site modification is followed in real time, so that drawing work of BIM completion drawing is completed;

step two, after determining that the ventilation air-conditioning system model and the field installation mode are correct, assigning values to all the devices in the layer;

Thirdly, performing air pipe hydraulic calculation by utilizing REVIT to obtain a calculation book;

step four, adjusting the air valve and the VAVbox on site according to the calculation book, measuring the numerical value on site, and comparing with the calculation book to determine;

and fifthly, comparing the data to finish debugging.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:

the pipeline comprehensive technology based on the BIM technology can integrate professional models of buildings, structures, electromechanics and the like, can be very conveniently designed in depth, and then guides the comprehensive model into relevant software according to the professional requirements of the buildings and the requirements of the clear heights to perform collision inspection of the electromechanics profession and the building profession and structure profession, and adjusts the pipeline and avoids the building structure according to the collision report result. The collision detection in the electromechanical field is to comprehensively arrange and adjust equipment and pipelines on the basis of modeling according to an electromechanical pipeline arrangement scheme, so that problems are found before construction is started, and the problems are solved before construction through deepening design and design optimization.

Drawings

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the comprehensive construction of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the deepened design of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the pipe arrangement optimization of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the unidirectional stent of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the steering bracket of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the side-by-side rack of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the shock absorber of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a shock absorbing platform according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the vertical column and the horizontal bar of the pipe well pipe support of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the pipe well and conduit support of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1-one-way brackets, 11-single upright, 12-single parallel beams, 2-steering brackets, 21-main brackets, 211-main uprights, 212-main parallel beams, 22-sub brackets, 221-sub uprights, 222-sub parallel beams, 3-side-by-side brackets, 31-first brackets, 311-first uprights, 312-first parallel beams, 32-second brackets, 321-second uprights, 322-second parallel beams, 4-vibration-damping floor boards, 41-vibration-isolating cushion layers, 42-pouring panels, 43-isolation layers, 44-concrete layers, 45-concrete frames, 46-surrounding edge cushion layers, 5-pipes, 6-equipment, 7-dampers, 71-connecting plates, 72-fixed bases, 73-damping springs, 8-connecting steel plates, 9-well pipe brackets, 91-uprights, 92-crossbars, 93-connecting plates, 94-building blocks, 10-ear plates, 101-single-ear plates, 102-double-ear plates.

Detailed Description

The embodiment is shown in fig. 1. A comprehensive construction method based on a BIM technology is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

step one, determining a deepened design basis: including a headroom requirement report provided by the homeowner; a design blueprint issued by an owner; equipment parameters provided by equipment manufacturers; technical requirements provided by owners and consultants; electromechanical total contractual; related national and industry specifications;

the design task is explicitly deepened, see fig. 2:

1) The method is necessary to complete the examination of the construction drawings of the professions and the mutual examination among the professions, fully understand the design intention, and timely summarize the problems existing in the construction drawings and determine the processing method with the original design units and owners;

2) The construction scheme and the construction process of the project must be combined, and the conditions and the applicable methods of the design of the electromechanical comprehensive graph are determined in a targeted manner;

3) Each professional pipeline is reasonably arranged, so that the use space of the building is increased to the maximum extent, and secondary construction caused by pipeline conflict is reduced;

4) Comprehensively coordinating the routing of each specialty in the machine room and each floor surface area or suspended ceiling, ensuring that each specialty pipeline is reasonably arranged in an effective space so as to ensure the height of the suspended ceiling and ensure orderly construction of each specialty of the machine and the motor;

5) Comprehensive arrangement of machine rooms and electromechanical professional pipelines in each floor plane area, and coordination of electromechanical construction conflicts with civil engineering and finishing professions;

6) Determining the accurate positioning of the pipeline and the reserved hole, and reducing the influence on structural construction;

7) Make up for the deficiency of the original design, reduce various losses caused by this;

8) And checking performance parameters of various devices, providing a complete device list, and verifying the ordering technical requirements of various devices, thereby facilitating the purchase of a purchasing department. Meanwhile, data are transmitted to the design to check whether the equipment foundation and the bracket meet requirements or not, and the structural design is assisted to draw a large-scale equipment foundation diagram;

9) The equipment positions of all professional machine rooms are reasonably arranged, so that the operation, maintenance, installation and other works of equipment are ensured to have enough plane space and vertical space;

10 The pipeline arrangement of the vertical pipe well is comprehensively coordinated, the installation positions of the pipeline are changed according to different use functions of the pipeline, so that the installation work of the pipeline is smoothly completed, and enough space can be ensured to complete the overhaul and replacement work of various pipelines;

11 Completing the manufacture of the completion drawings, and collecting and arranging various change notification sheets of the construction drawings in time; after the construction is completed, a completed drawing is drawn, and the integrity and the authenticity of the completed drawing are ensured.

Step two, carrying out pipeline comprehensive analysis:

1) Collecting and arranging the latest construction drawings, including building, structure, electromechanics and fine-finishing professional drawings, and building and integrating the professional BIM models;

2) The installation heights and positions of the lamps, the smoke sensing probes and the spray heads are considered in the whole pipeline arrangement process;

3) The collision area of the pipeline is avoided in the principle that a pressure pipe is avoided for avoiding a pressureless pipe, a small pipeline is avoided for avoiding a large pipeline, the construction difficulty is high, the pipeline with few accessories is avoided for avoiding the pipeline with more accessories, and thus the construction operation, maintenance and pipe fitting replacement are facilitated;

4) The air pipe is arranged above, and the air pipe with the air port is arranged at the lowest part, so that the air pipe is conveniently connected with the air port of the suspended ceiling, for example, an air pipe space connected with the air port of the suspended ceiling can be reserved only at the upper part;

5) The cable is arranged in the cable-laying operation space and the maintenance space after the cable-laying slot is arranged, the bending radius of the cable is not less than 15 times of the diameter of the cable, and a certain distance between the strong bridge frames and the weak bridge frames is preferably more than 500mm so as to avoid mutual interference, and the cable-laying slot can be respectively arranged at two sides of a corridor when the cable-laying slot is in condition;

6) When the bridge and the water pipe are at the same height, the bridge is horizontally and separately arranged, and in principle, the bridge is more than or equal to 400mm away from the heat-insulating outer wall of the water pipe, for example, the bridge is laid together with power, automatic control and communication cables, and the cables are required to be considered to be provided with protection measures such as sleeves; when the bridge is in the same vertical direction, the bridge is arranged at the upper part and the water pipe is arranged at the lower part, so that accidents caused by damage to cables when the pipelines leak can be avoided; when the drain pipe is arranged below the bridge, a maintenance space is reserved for the bridge. At the dense place of the pipeline, the shared support and hanger is adopted as much as possible, and the specific specification and model of the support and hanger are calculated;

7) Under the action of external pressure, the medium overcomes the resistance along the way and flows along a certain direction; the main characteristics of the pressure flow pipeline are that the pressure flow pipeline is different from a gravity flow pipeline, the medium in the gravity flow pipeline can climb only under the action of gravity, and the pipelines such as sewage, wastewater, rainwater, air conditioner condensate water and the like belong to the gravity flow pipeline.

8) The cold water pipe avoids the hot water pipe, and the hot water pipe needs to be insulated and has higher manufacturing cost;

9) The plane corresponds to the section: and when each area is finally mapped, the pipeline position, specification and elevation are consistent, and the plane view of the electromechanical pipeline section is consistent. In the comprehensive coordination process, when the sectional view is adjusted, the plan view is correspondingly adjusted;

10 After the pipeline is comprehensively completed, a plurality of units such as an organization owner, a design institute, a motor consultant, a supervision, a civil engineering general package, a motor subcontracting unit, a finishing unit, an equipment manufacturer and the like can jointly audit the model, so that the model is ensured to meet the current national and industry standard requirements, and meanwhile, the requirement of each unit on clearance can be met;

11 Performing construction simulation on the complex area of the pipeline, determining the installation form of the support and the hanger, and determining the sequence of pipeline installation;

the basic principle of pipeline arrangement is described above, and the pipeline is comprehensively arranged according to actual conditions in the comprehensive coordination process. The comprehensive coordination and utilization of available space can save cost, is simple and convenient to construct, can ensure that pipelines are orderly arranged, is attractive and elegant, reduces the manufacturing cost and improves the construction speed.

Step three, performing system rechecking calculation: according to the pipeline comprehensive model checked and confirmed by each unit, the hydraulic calculation and the equipment model selection are carried out again by the joint design institute, the electromechanical consultant and the equipment manufacturer; carrying out support and hanger design on large pipelines and complex areas of the pipelines, determining support and hanger forms, types of steel materials, welding modes and the like, and delivering the support and hanger stress calculation to a design institute after the design is finished, so that structural stress and support and hanger stress are ensured to be in a safe range;

and step four, deep design of a machine room is carried out:

1) Considering the final size of the ordered equipment, considering the weight of the equipment and reserving an installation foundation;

2) Consider the installation space and the aesthetic property of the equipment in the machine room;

3) The daily operation and the later maintenance convenience of the equipment pipelines and various valves are considered;

4) Fully considering the conditions of the installation procedure, the requirements of the electromechanical equipment and the pipeline on the installation space, and reasonably determining the position and the distance of the pipeline;

5) The space requirements of the aspects of system debugging, detection and maintenance are fully considered, the positions and the distances of various electromechanical devices, pipelines, various valves and switches are reasonably determined, and the lighting and ventilation of daily maintenance operations are carried out, for example, the maintenance is convenient when the daily operation and the lamp used are considered; the installation positions of various water valves and air valves are convenient to operate; after the fan is installed, the air outlet of the fan is not blocked, so that the use function is ensured; the water system is convenient for the tissue discharge of water flow when being emptied;

6) The basement surface mounting machine electric pipeline should fully consider that the appearance is orderly after each electromechanical system is mounted, the interval is uniform, and layering is achieved;

7) Principle of structural safety: the position and the size of the reserved hole or the sleeve of the electromechanical pipeline penetrating through the structural member need to ensure the structural safety, and the following principle is met:

(1) The areas of the frame column body and the shear wall hidden column are strictly forbidden to open holes, and structural beams, plates and walls at other parts are provided with holes or sleeves which are reserved in principle; the pipelines penetrating through the frame beam and the connecting beam are embedded with sleeves, the opening is in the range of 1/3 of the midspan, the effective height of the opening is not smaller than 1/3 of the height of the beam, and is not smaller than 200; when reserved holes on the floor slab are smaller than 300mm, the steel bars in the slab do not need to be cut off to bypass the holes: when the reserved hole is larger than 300mm, design consent is required;

(2) When the reserved hole on the structural beam is larger than 100mm and the reserved hole on the structural wall (shear wall) is larger than 500mm, the design consent is required to be obtained, and a specific structure reinforcement scheme is provided by a design unit;

(3) The opening on the shear wall is preferably arranged in the middle of the section, so that the opening is prevented from being at the end part or abutting against the column edge;

(4) When the opening on the secondary structure wall is larger than 400mm, a lintel is required to be arranged;

8) After the deep arrangement of the machine room is finished, judging whether the space of the machine room is too small or too large. If the machine room is too small, the overhaul cannot be met, an increase modification suggestion is provided, and if the machine room is too large, the space is wasted, and a decrease modification suggestion is provided;

8) The electric system is deepened, all the equipment power finally confirmed through equipment type selection is summarized, and the power is submitted to electric engineers in a design institute, so that the electric system is further deepened and designed, and the effects of energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved.

Fifthly, drawing and guiding construction: the method comprises the steps that a structure hole reserving diagram is included, after BIM model optimization is finished, the structure hole reserving diagram is checked by all sides, the structure hole reserving diagram in a blueprint is replaced, the phenomena of less reserved holes, missed reserved holes and misplaced holes of a structure in an original design drawing are corrected, the hole reserving accuracy is greatly improved, the structure hole opening phenomenon in the later installation process is avoided, the engineering cost is saved, and the engineering quality is improved;

The wall body hole reserving diagram is constructed after BIM model optimization is completed and all sides are checked, and construction teams are issued after the construction teams are constructed, so that the wall body is built and the wall body hole reserving is formed at one time, the wall body hole reserving phenomenon in the later installation process is reduced, the engineering cost is saved, and the engineering quality is improved;

and after the BIM model is optimized, the line comprehensive plan is checked by all parties, and then an electromechanical construction team is issued as a construction basis on site, wherein the comprehensive plan reflects electromechanical full-specialized information, and the detailed horizontal positioning information and elevation information are provided for each pipeline and equipment in the drawing, so that the construction is only strictly performed on site, and the problem of pipeline frame-taking collision among specialized areas is avoided. The parallel construction of each field specialty is realized;

the single professional plan is displayed after the pipeline comprehensive plan is checked and passed, and the owner, consultant and design approval are reported after the pipeline comprehensive plan is checked and passed as the final business settlement basis;

the sectional view is formed after the comprehensive plan view of the pipeline passes through examination, and the sectional view is formed on the complex areas of the pipeline, such as a logistic walkway, a first-layer hall, a standard-layer elevator front room, a commercial atrium, a machine room and the like, so that the effect of assisting site construction is achieved;

The large support frame sample diagram mainly maps the comprehensive support frame and the large support frame, and the drawing contains the specific practice sample of the support frame and the bearing information of the support frame, so that the safe operation of the pipeline system is ensured;

taking the size of the equipment finally ordered into consideration, taking the weight of the equipment into consideration, and reserving an installation foundation; consider the installation space and the aesthetic property of the equipment in the machine room; the daily operation and the later maintenance convenience of the equipment pipelines and various valves are considered; fully considering the conditions of the installation procedure, the requirements of the electromechanical equipment and the pipeline on the installation space, and reasonably determining the position and the distance of the pipeline;

the clear height map feeds back the clear height requirement provided by the owners, so that the owners can clearly know the specific clear height which can be achieved by each functional area, and a basis is provided for the owners to take business and operation and maintenance decisions.

A finishing map, the main content of the finishing electromechanical terminal:

each electromechanical professional end device disposed in the finishing area must be positioned in the finishing design, including but not limited to the following electromechanical ends:

1) Water supply and drainage equipment: fire hydrant and fire sprinkler head;

2) Air conditioning ventilation equipment: an air conditioner air port, a temperature control switch, a ventilator, a pressurizing air supply port, a smoke outlet, a smoke discharging control device and the like;

3) An electrical device:

the lamp comprises: lighting fixtures, evacuation indicator lights, exit lights, guide sign lights;

switch, socket: a power socket, a comprehensive wiring socket, a television signal socket, an electromagnetic door suction button, a release button, an entrance guard button, an electric switch for opening an external window, and the like of a normally-open fireproof door;

detecting and alarming device: the fire detector, smoke sensing probe, gas alarm probe, wireless coverage signal receiver of mobile phone, security monitoring camera probe, fire-fighting broadcast horn, audible and visual alarm, etc.;

an open high-current distribution box and an open weak-current distribution box;

4) Equipment access port: suspended ceiling access opening and wall access opening.

Electromechanical access hole arrangement principle:

when the electromechanical equipment arranged in the finishing area is covered or closed by civil engineering or finishing, an access hole is required to be arranged, and the size of the ceiling access hole is generally not suitable to be smaller than 400 multiplied by 400mm; the wall surface access opening is determined by combining wall surface bricks, and is generally not suitable to be less than 300 multiplied by 300mm. The height of the wall surface access opening is determined according to the principles of beautiful appearance and convenient equipment overhaul.

1) Fire protection system: a fire-proof roller shutter driving motor;

2) And (3) a water supply and drainage system: various valves, water separators, meters;

3) Heating air conditioning system: various valves, water separators, meters;

4) An air conditioning ventilation system: various air valves, fan coils, a fresh air machine and an air conditioner indoor unit;

5) An electrical system: a lamp with a transformer.

Electromechanical end device positioning principle:

1) Terminal equipment type selection: the shape selection of each electromechanical professional terminal device arranged in the fine-packed area should be the same as the engineer who confirms the appearance form and the color, and the appearance form and the color are represented by different legend symbols in the fine-packed drawings;

2) Positioning principle of air conditioning equipment:

(1) When the upper air feeding and upper air returning flow organization mode is adopted, the center distance of the air feeding and returning openings is preferably more than or equal to 1500 mm;

(2) The distance between the center line of the diffuser and the side wall is preferably more than or equal to 1000 mm;

(3) The air-conditioning control panel is installed at the same height as the electric switch panel, and the installation position is in an air-conditioning area with good air flow so as to be capable of rapidly sensing the room temperature and avoid being arranged at corners of the room;

(4) The connection pipe direction of the indoor fan coil pipe should be uniformly arranged in consideration of the overhaul port;

3) Positioning principle of water supply and drainage equipment:

(1) The position of the indoor hydrant box is determined according to the requirements of a fire-fighting construction drawing;

(2) The arrangement principle of the fire-fighting sprinkler head is generally that the maximum distance between two sprinkler heads is 3600mm, and the minimum distance is not suitable to be less than 2400mm; the maximum distance from the wall is 1800mm, and the minimum distance is not less than 300mm;

(3) The water supply and drainage positions of various water using devices are determined according to the technical requirements of the corresponding devices;

4) Strong current and weak current distribution box positioning principle:

(1) The indoor strong/weak current distribution box should be concentrated in a relatively concealed position in the room in principle, and the box body should be concealed. The apartment may be provided in a wardrobe.

(2) The strong and weak current distribution boxes in the office can be clearly installed, but the box body is required to be secretly installed, the strong/weak current distribution boxes are uniformly installed on the wall body of the door, the distance from the door to the door is not less than 500mm, the mounting height of the strong/weak current distribution boxes is uniform, the bottom edge distance is 1500mm, the clear distance between the strong/weak current distribution boxes is 500mm, and the sizes or the height sizes of the strong/weak current distribution boxes are preferably uniform;

5) Positioning principle of strong electric equipment:

(1) The height of the switch panel from the ground is 1400 and mm, and the distance from the switch panel to the wall edge is more than or equal to 150mm;

(2) The height of the socket from the ground is 300mm, the heights of the split air-conditioning socket and the range hood socket from the ground are 1800-2000 mm, the socket on the cooking bench is determined (150 mm) according to the first row of bricks on the table top, and the distances between all the sockets and the wall edge are more than or equal to 150mm;

(3) The lighting lamps are selected and arranged according to the office illuminance requirement, and are arranged according to the principle that the distance between the lamps and the wall is 2 times, and the horizontal distance between the lamps and the ventilation opening is more than or equal to 500mm;

(4) The wall lamp is installed at a height of 1800-2000 mm from the ground, the wall-mounted emergency lamp is 300mm from the ceiling, and the evacuation indicator lamp is 300mm from the ground;

(5) The minimum distance between the lamp above 60W and the spray header is 500mm, and the minimum distance between the lamp below 60W and the spray header is 300mm;

6) Weak current equipment positioning principle:

(1) The manual alarm button is based on the installation elevation of the design yard;

(2) The fire detector is arranged on the ceiling of the inner pavement and is arranged in the middle, the distance between the fire detector and the wall is not more than 15m, and the distance between the fire detector and the wall is not more than half of the distance.

(3) The horizontal distance from each detector to the wall and the beam edge is not smaller than 500mm, the horizontal distance from the detector to the air supply outlet edge of the air conditioner is not smaller than 1500mm, and the detector is preferably installed close to the air return outlet. The horizontal distance of the detector from the aperture of the perforated air supply ceiling should not be less than 500mm.

(4) The installation height of the comprehensive wiring information jack and the cable television socket, and the distance between the horizontal distance and the wall side of the comprehensive wiring information jack and the distance between the comprehensive wiring information jack and the strong electric socket are greater than 200mm; the distance between the cable television socket and the strong electric socket is more than 500mm.

(5) The horizontal distance between the ceiling horn and other electromechanical equipment is preferably more than or equal to 500mm.

(6) The floor fire indicator was installed at a bottom edge of 1500mm from ground.

(7) The electromagnetic door stopper position of the normally open fireproof door is determined by a professional manufacturer.

(8) The electromagnetic door stopper releaser button of the normally open fireproof door is arranged near the fireproof door and has a height of 1800 to the ground 1800 mm

7) Principle of attractive arrangement of electromechanical terminals:

(1) The tail end positioning meets the requirements of attractive design and equipment arrangement of the fine-packaging design;

(2) The indoor lamp installation position at the gate is aligned with the central line of the gate as much as possible;

(3) The positions of the bathroom floor drain and the socket are determined according to the arrangement, and the bathroom floor drain and the socket are positioned according to the original positions of the occupied bricks.

Step four, referring to fig. 3, the assembled pipeline is designed, and the pipeline model is optimized and reasonably segmented: creating a standard BIM library on the basis of the BIM model of the third step by utilizing REVIT software according to a machine room design drawing, and building a BIM model with a machine room pipeline based on the real size, wherein in the pipeline design, the position of a main pipeline is firstly determined, then the positions of branch pipelines are sequentially arranged, wherein the main pipeline is preferentially arranged above equipment along a wall structure, the shortest distance between the main pipeline and the equipment is formed, the supporting space of the branch pipelines is reduced, and then the main pipeline is arranged above a central area without the branch pipelines;

step five, designing a bracket, and establishing a bracket system, wherein the bracket is shown in fig. 3: after the pipeline is designed, a support structure and a layout are further designed on the basis of the BIM model in the fourth step by utilizing REVIT software, a standard BIM family library is created, and a BIM model with a support system based on the physical size is generated;

the bracket system is designed in three layers, namely, a first layer is designed to form a peripheral bracket system by designing brackets of equipment and a main pipeline along a wall structure, and the bracket density of the layer of the system is small; a second layer, designing a stent in the central region to form a central stent system, wherein the stent density of the layer system is high; and the third layer is designed to be an auxiliary supporting system, comprises a support for supporting the bent pipe position and the foundation of the pipeline, and is a connecting supporting structure between the support and the pipeline, and the density of the layer system is high.

The support system comprises supports arranged below the pipeline at intervals along the length direction of the pipeline, and the supports comprise bearing supports, wherein the bearing supports comprise unidirectional supports and steering supports. Through carrying out the atress calculation to the support, support steel selects the type: in the example, the upright post adopts a No. 20 square through; the beam adopts No. 20H-shaped steel; the elbow support adopts DN100 steel pipes; the steel plate with the thickness of 2cm is connected with the bottom of the bracket.

Referring to fig. 4, the unidirectional bracket 1 is a portal bracket, and comprises two single upright posts 11 and a group of single parallel beams 12 connected to the top of the single upright posts 11, wherein a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the two beams of the single parallel beams at intervals, and the bottom of the single upright posts is connected with a foundation through a connecting steel plate.

Referring to fig. 5, in order to meet the spatial staggering of the pipes, a steering bracket is designed, and the steering bracket 2 includes a main bracket 21 and a sub-bracket 22 vertically connected to one side or both sides of the main bracket; the main support 21 is a door-type support and comprises two main upright posts 211 and a group of main parallel beams 212 connected to the tops of the main upright posts 211, wherein a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the two beams of the main parallel beams at intervals, and the bottoms of the main upright posts are connected with a foundation through connecting steel plates; the secondary support 22 comprises a secondary upright 221 and a group of secondary parallel beams 222, wherein one end of each secondary parallel beam is connected with the main upright, the other end of each secondary parallel beam is connected with the secondary upright, the height of each secondary parallel beam does not exceed that of the main parallel beam, and a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the secondary parallel beams at intervals.

In order to ensure the safety of the bracket, the root of the bracket is arranged on a structural beam or the ground through a connecting steel plate; when the ends of the single parallel beam, the main parallel beam, the secondary parallel beam, the first parallel beam and the second parallel beam are correspondingly connected to the main structure, the ends are not provided with the upright posts, and the ends of the single parallel beam, the main parallel beam, the secondary parallel beam, the first parallel beam and the second parallel beam are directly welded with the steel plate 8 and are connected with the main structure through fasteners.

Referring to fig. 6, in order to meet the situation that parallel pipelines are not at the same height, side-by-side brackets are designed; the side-by-side bracket 3 comprises a first bracket 31 and a second bracket 32 which is at least connected with one side surface of the first bracket side by side, the first bracket 31 is a door-type bracket and comprises two first upright posts 311 and a group of first parallel beams 312 connected with the tops of the first upright posts, a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the two beams of the first parallel beams at intervals, and the bottoms of the first upright posts are connected with a foundation through connecting steel plates; the second bracket 32 includes a second upright 321 and a set of second parallel beams 322, where one end of the second parallel beam is connected to the first upright, the other end is connected to the second upright, and the height does not exceed the second parallel beam, and a set of shock absorbers are disposed between the two beams of the second parallel beam at intervals.

And rib plates 9 are arranged between the single upright post, the main upright post, the secondary upright post, the first upright post, the second upright post and the connecting steel plate 8 at annular intervals.

The single parallel beam, the main parallel beam, the secondary parallel beam, the first parallel beam and the second parallel beam are all detachably connected with corresponding stand columns through the lug plates 10, and in the two beams which are parallel respectively, the two beams which are parallel respectively are I-shaped beams, wherein two ends of an upper layer beam are connected with the corresponding single stand columns, the main stand columns, the secondary stand columns, the first stand columns or the second stand columns through the lug plates, and two ends of a lower layer beam are connected with the corresponding single stand columns, the main stand columns, the secondary stand columns, the first stand columns or the second stand columns through the lug plates.

The upper beam is connected in a sliding way by adopting double lug plates, so that the floating deformation of the upper beam is realized, and the connection strength and reliability are ensured; the lower beam has the function of adopting the double-side connection of the single-lug plates to support the load, so that the connection strength is ensured.

The double-lug plate 101 comprises a bottom plate and two lug plates which are fixed on the bottom plate at intervals in parallel, and the two lug plates are correspondingly clamped at two sides of the upper beam and are in sliding connection with the upper beam; a pair of stiffening plates are arranged between the outer sides of the lug plates and the bottom plate, and connection reliability between the lug plates and the upright posts is further enhanced.

The single lug plates 102 are correspondingly arranged on one side of the lower beam, and the single lug plates at the two ends of the lower beam are correspondingly arranged on the two side surfaces of the lower beam and are connected through fasteners; and at least two adjusting connecting holes are respectively formed in the vertical direction and the transverse direction of the single ear plate. The function of adjusting the connecting hole, the ceremony is in order to connect lower floor's roof beam and stand, and another purpose is in order to realize the fine setting of parallel beam in horizontal and longitudinal direction, guarantees that the positional relationship between upper beam and the ears board is more accurate effective.

Referring to fig. 7, the shock absorber 7 includes a set of parallel connection plates 71 spaced apart, fixing bases 72 symmetrically connected to the inner sides of the connection plates, and shock absorbing springs 73 connected between the fixing bases; wherein the connection plates 71 are connected to the corresponding upper and lower beams by fasteners. Four damping springs are arranged in each damper, and form an integral structure through the fixing base and the connecting plate, so that the damping effect and the supporting strength of the damper are ensured.

Referring to fig. 8, the main body of the shock absorbing platform 4 sequentially includes, from bottom to top, a vibration isolation cushion layer 41, a pouring panel 42, an isolation layer 43, and a concrete layer 44, where the vibration isolation cushion layer includes a set of vibration isolation cushions arranged in parallel and at intervals, the vibration isolation cushions are in a rectangular strip structure, and the isolation layer is a waterproof film layer; the main part of shock attenuation platform still encloses and closes concrete frame all around, and wherein the waterproof film of isolation layer turns over the book and sets up between concrete layer and concrete frame 45, and still is equipped with the surrounding edge cushion 46 between waterproof film and the concrete frame, seals the bonding through the sealant between waterproof film and the surrounding edge cushion. The construction method of the shock absorption platform comprises the following specific steps of taking a foundation with the length and width dimensions of 4710 multiplied by 2820mm as an example:

step one, basic dimension design calculation

First, the basic dimensions of the device 4710mm×2820mm=13.3 square meters (actual area occupied by the base); the static concrete slab of the concrete layer has a load of 4981Kg and the reinforced concrete density is 2500 (Kg/m method); the pouring panel is a steel plate, the steel plate weighs 207Kg, the thickness of the steel plate is 2 mm, and the density of the steel plate is 7800 (Kg/m solution); 980Kg equipment operating load; concrete foundation load number 0Kg; calculating the total static load as 6168 Kg; the live load is 250Kg (about 250Kg assuming 4 persons for maintenance). The total pressure 62691N was calculated.

Secondly, the vibration isolation rubber pad is selected as the model: the vibration isolation mat was 50mm (L). Times.50 mm (W). Times.50 mm (H) of a mixed rubber (rubber synthetic polymer+cork filler). And, the physical parameters of the rubber pad are checked to meet the GB/ISO standard test of mechanics. Workload range: 0.30MPa to 0.60MPa; dynamic stiffness: 800N/mm-1100N/mm; damping coefficient inside vibration isolation rubber pad: 0.08-0.1; the creep rate is less than or equal to 3 percent; dynamic G modulus of 8.0; natural frequency is less than or equal to 13Hz; the permanent deformation of the vibration isolation rubber pad after the compression ratio of 50% is unloaded can not be more than 5%; the ultimate compressive strength of the vibration isolation rubber cushion is required to be larger than 15MPa; the compression yield limit of the vibration isolation rubber cushion is required to be larger than 0.45MPa; the compression elastic modulus of the vibration isolation rubber cushion is required to be larger than 7MPa. The frequency difference between the floor slab structure and the damping vibration isolation rubber pad is ensured to be 50% or more so as to prevent the vibration coupling between the floor slab structure and the damping vibration isolation rubber pad.

Finally, the calculation results are: the number of vibration isolation rubber mats required by the support plate layer is 54nos; the average grid design space is 500mm by 500mm; the actual load of the average vibration isolation rubber pad is 0.57Mpa; the average vibration isolation rubber pad is actually stressed 1424N; the average deflection of the vibration isolation adhesive under pad pressure is 4.5mm; the average resonance frequency was 13Hz.

Step two, cleaning structural floor slab:

the original structure floor slab must be kept clean, flat and dry. The floor should not have uneven, wavy or misplaced floor, especially regarding the flatness of the floor at the CDM location. Detection standard: the flatness of the area of 1 square meter is not more than 3mm. Repair all cracks and clean any residue. When the surface of the original floor slab is rough, leveling treatment is carried out, the thickness of a leveling layer is not less than 20mm, and the cracking under the condition of high load is prevented.

Step three, paying off and arranging vibration isolation rubber pad positions:

paying off is carried out on site by referring to the distribution position of the vibration isolation rubber mats of the drawing, and the vibration isolation rubber mats are uniformly distributed from the upper part, the lower part, the left part and the right part of the middle during paying off. If wall or irregular corners are encountered. The distance between the edge of the vibration isolation rubber cushion and the wall body is not more than 100mm, and a row of vibration isolation rubber cushions are required to be newly added when the arrangement is more than 100 mm.

Step four, pasting a vibration-proof surrounding edge rubber cushion around the foundation:

the thickness of the surrounding edge adhesive is 10 mm; compression set is less than 10%; the areal density is about 30kg/m2; and sticking and firmly pressing PEF-3200 surrounding edge rubber gaskets on the wall body, the vertical interval (including a door frame), the construction platform boundary and any protrusion. The peripheral edge rubber pad cannot be fixed by any nails or screws in a rigid fixing method. When the rubber pad on the surrounding edge is coated with the rubber, the rubber is required to be uniformly coated, the rubber solution is not easy to be excessive, and four corners and the periphery are required to be coated and firmly adhered. The height of PEF-3200 surrounding edge glue is at least 50mm higher than the finishing surface of the platform. Of particular note is: when the surrounding edge glue on the internal corners and the external corners is in a 'swelling' condition, a small opening is formed in the surrounding edge glue to achieve the flatness of the surrounding edge glue, so that the concrete can be prevented from entering between the surrounding edge glue and the wall body when the concrete is poured later.

Step five, sticking a vibration isolation rubber cushion:

and pasting the vibration isolation rubber cushion at the position of the vibration isolation rubber cushion according to the paying-off positioning position, and coating a small amount of universal glue on the lower part of the vibration isolation rubber cushion (the side without paint of the vibration isolation rubber is coated). When brushing all-purpose adhesive, a plurality of vibration isolation rubber mats can be laid side by side to be close together for uniform brushing, so that the surface adhesive amount is uniform. After the glue is coated, the vibration isolation rubber mats are placed on the right positions one by one, and the side, with paint, of the rubber mats is noted to be upwards when the vibration isolation rubber mats are placed.

Step six, paving and pouring a panel:

the galvanized steel sheet with the thickness of 2mm is horizontally placed on the vibration isolation rubber cushion by a staggered lap method, and when the galvanized steel sheet is placed, the joint point is connected by adopting an electric welding method while avoiding the place with the vibration isolation rubber cushion below. During welding, symmetrical spot welding is performed firstly, flatness of the steel plate is checked, welding is performed after the steel plate is qualified, and the angle is required to be corrected when the steel plate is unqualified. Spot welding is to be firm. When welding, the current is proper, and after the welding seam is formed, air holes and cracks can not appear, and undercut and weld flash can not appear.

Step seven, paving a waterproof film and reinforcing bar to pour concrete:

and (3) sticking a layer of waterproof film with the thickness of 0.2mm on the surface and the periphery of the platform by using non-hardening sealant, and then reinforcing bars and pouring concrete after the waterproof film is firmly stuck. Can play the role of water retention of concrete and prevent the water loss of the concrete. When the waterproof films are paved, the joint positions of all the waterproof films are glued and firmly pressed by rubberized fabric, and the heights of the waterproof films and the wall body are covered to at least 200mm above the surrounding edge glue. After the paving is finished, the construction needs to be detected by the related engineers, consultants and supervision sites of the owners, and the next working procedure is carried out after the construction is qualified.

After the waterproof film is laid, reinforcement and pouring of concrete are started. During reinforcement, the ground protection is paid attention to, and the waterproof film is prevented from being damaged and CDM vibration isolation rubber is prevented from running. The concrete with the splashing range in the concrete pouring process needs to be cleaned in time.

Referring to fig. 9 and 10, construction of pipes in a pipe well is always an important point of water supply and drainage engineering, in this example, the system is complex, pipelines are dense, part of the pipe well is ultrahigh in layer height (9 m layer height), the pipe well is narrow (1100 mm×620 mm), the construction difficulty is great, and the conventional construction method cannot meet the construction of the pipes in the pipe well. The conventional construction sequence is that the pipe well is built and plastered, then the bracket and the pipeline are installed, so that the problem of difficult construction of the ultra-high and narrow pipe well pipeline is solved.

The support and hanger comprises a pipe well and pipeline support 9; the pipe well pipeline bracket comprises four upright posts 91 connected between reserved holes of an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure and three groups of transverse rods 92 arranged on the upright posts in parallel, wherein each group of transverse rods is formed between the upright posts in a circumferential direction, and two ends of each upright post are correspondingly connected with the structure through connecting plates 93; the first group of the transverse rods is 0.8-1.2 m away from the upper layer structure, the second group of the transverse rods is 1.8-2.2 m away from the upper layer structure, and the third group of the transverse rods is 3.8-4.2 m away from the upper layer structure; the periphery of the lower part of the pipe well pipeline bracket is built with building blocks 94, and the building height is 2-2.5 m. Wherein, the upright posts and the cross bars are angle steel with the angle of 50 multiplied by 5mm, the connecting steel plate is steel plate with the angle of 180 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 10mm, and expansion bolt hole sites are drilled.

The concrete construction method comprises the following steps:

step one, installing an upright post: when the support is installed, the fixing work of the vertical support is firstly carried out, steel plates are fixed on an upper concrete structure and a lower concrete structure by expansion bolts according to the line snapping position of a civil engineering pipe well wall body and the arrangement of all risers in a BIM diagram, prefabricated vertical angle steel is taken and welded on site on the upper steel plates and the lower steel plates to fix the vertical support, and other vertical angle steel is installed sequentially by the method.

Step two, mounting a cross bar: and (5) fixing the four vertical angle steels, and fixing the bracket cross bars. The support system design adopts the three-layer horizontal pole at co-altitude not, and first layer horizontal pole is apart from roof distance 1m, second floor horizontal pole is apart from roof distance 2m, and third layer horizontal pole is apart from roof distance 4m, and every layer horizontal pole horizontal position carries out annular welding on vertical angle steel support, adopts this standard to weld from down up in proper order with prefabricated horizontal pole angle steel.

Step four, installing a pipe well and a pipeline: and after the construction of the pipe well and pipeline support system is finished, final pipe well and pipeline installation is carried out, and a through line is put down in the pipe well by using a plumb to control the verticality of the pipeline, so that the quality of pipeline installation and attractive process are ensured. According to BIM drawing arrangement of the pipe well pipeline, the vertical pipeline is installed from bottom to top through prefabricated pipe clamping holes on the cross arm. The pipeline is clamped by using the pipe clamp in the process of installing the pipeline from bottom to top, so that the weight of the pipeline is prevented from being transferred to the lower pipeline, and the weight of the vertical pipe is borne by the bracket. When the pipeline is installed, all the pipelines are wrapped by plastic films, so that the installed pipelines are protected.

Fourth, plastering the pipe well by masonry: and (5) performing pipe well masonry work after the pipe well pipeline is installed. And (3) laying out the side lines of the ejected wall body according to the design requirements, and correcting the side lines, horizontal and vertical positions of the wall body by using a level bar and a rubber hammer during laying. The masonry of the first skin block is critical, and care must be taken to ensure the level and verticality of the first skin block. The construction sequence is preferably started from two sides of the corner or one end of one wall. When the building is performed, the horizontal and vertical positions are corrected at any time, and the staggered joint lap joint of the upper and lower skin building blocks is realized. False seams, blind seams and transparent seams are not generated in the masonry. The construction and plastering are carried out simultaneously, and along with the construction and plastering, the construction and plastering need to be strictly carried out for protecting the finished product of the installed pipeline.

The ultra-high narrow and small pipe well vertical pipe is installed and is fixed at the advance support under the state of no pipe well wall, vertical support adopts the angle steel to pass through the support from the bottom to the top in the pipe well, upper end, lower extreme support strong point and fixed steel sheet welding, and fixed steel sheet adopts expansion bolts to fix on upper and lower concrete structure, and the horizontal not co-altitude increases three-layer horizontal pole, carries out welded connection with vertical angle steel support. The three-layer cross rod not only ensures the fixation of the vertical pipeline, but also well avoids the lateral deformation of the steel bracket. The angle steel bracket system is used as a novel bracket system for replacing the bearing structures such as walls and the like in the installation process.

The support and the pipeline are firstly installed, then the pipe well is built and plastered, and the traditional construction procedure is overturned. The tower floor is high and ultra-high, the pipe well is narrow, the construction method effectively solves the problem of difficult installation of the pipe well and the pipe in the field, ensures the quality and safety of the installation of the pipe well and the pipe, improves the aesthetic property of the process, and greatly reduces the overhaul and maintenance frequency. Because the pipe well is ultrahigh and narrow, constructors are difficult to operate, and compared with the original installation method, the construction method saves a great deal of labor and construction period. The angle steel bracket replaces a novel bracket system with a wall body as a main stress member, solves the potential safety hazard caused by insufficient bearing of a brick wall, and provides a new thought and selection for pipe well construction.

The design stage based on BIM includes the design of equipment transportation, in this example taking diesel generator as an example, diesel generator is the emergency power supply commonly used in the building, for the building that the power supply demand is high, the power consumption is great, the emergency power supply can't normally switch over and put into use once the commercial power is lost, the stability and the reliability of its performance seem to be vital, consequently receive more and more attention, set up eleven often-carrying emergency diesel generator in this example altogether, consider the numerous and the complicated diversity of building site environment, if can't plan for the hoisting transportation in detail, then the security and the quality of transportation process will be influenced greatly, different units need to enter the scene in different time periods, if do not set up long-lasting transportation passageway, very easily lead to the wall body cooperation transportation of building many times, in addition local project place Shenzhen urban center region, resident concentrate on, if can't carry out fine processing to the noise reduction of the computer lab, will seriously influence surrounding environment normal work and life, consider above multiple factors, in this example, from the two concrete steps of entering the noise reduction of generator and the computer lab are carried out as follows:

1) Building a three-dimensional model

(1) Building model

And (3) importing a CAD base map by using Revit software, drawing a model axial network according to the CAD axial network, positioning structural columns, structural beams, ramps, stairs and other component positions according to the marked sizes of the blueprint, and drawing components according to the sizes and the heights of the components so as to build a complete three-dimensional building model.

(2) Establishing a diesel generating set model

10 normally loaded 1600KW, 1 1000KW diesel generator sets, 1600KW generator sets length x width x height: 6.29 multiplied by 2.22 multiplied by 3.35m, weighing 15 tons, and building a generator set model according to the actual size of the generator set and the size of a component by 1:1 by using Revit modeling software.

2) Three-dimensional simulation of a transportation route:

(1) Because other areas of the construction site are not perfect, the western side close to the 1-5# generator set and the northern side close to the 6# generator set, the 7# generator set and the 10# generator set are not completed, from the aspects of on-site investigation and construction period, all the generator sets of the project are transported from the L1 layer 2# automobile ramp to the negative one layer, the 1-5# generator sets are intensively distributed on the 1-2 axis intersection J-R axis of the underground layer, the transportation process adopts the same route, and two transportation routes are simulated by taking the 1# generator set and the 2# generator set as an example through preliminary comparative analysis and on-site investigation:

Route one: and (3) transporting each unit to a corresponding machine room one by one through an evacuation channel in front of the 1-5# generator room from one layer of 2# ramp to the next layer of 3/F shaft.

Route two: after being transported from the layer 2# to the underground layer 3/F shaft, the machine room is not transported to the narrow space of the front evacuation channel of the machine room, and the machine room is wound to the 1# and 2# generator rooms from the large space on the inner side.

(2) The 6# generator set, the 7# generator set and the 10# generator set are transported to the negative first-layer generator room from the L1 layer 2# ramp, the 6# generator set, the 7# generator set and the 10# generator set are intensively distributed in the negative first-layer north area, the transportation is far away, and the selection of the transportation route and the quality safety of the transportation process are important. Two transport simulation routes were determined by preliminary on-site investigation and comparative analysis, taking the 6# generator set as an example.

Route one: after the unit is transported to the negative one-floor through the L1-floor 2# automobile ramp, the unit passes through the negative one-floor escalator hall (the escalator is not constructed at the moment) and is transported to the generator room in the north area.

Route two: after the unit is transported to the negative one floor through the L1 layer 2# automobile ramp, the unit is transported to a north-area generator room from a V-W shaft intersection 13-30 shaft garage area.

3) Scheme advantage and disadvantage comparison analysis

The first transportation path of the No. 1 and No. 2 generator sets is near, the route is a straight line segment, turning is not needed, the reserved hole positions are fewer, but the space is narrow, and the transportation operation is not facilitated; the second transportation path is far, the path is tortuous, the number of turns is large, the reserved hole positions are large, but the space is wide, and the transportation operation is facilitated.

The route of the No. 6 generating set is wide, so that the operating and transportation are facilitated, but an escalator exists in an atrium area to pass through, the generating set needs to advance in the construction of the escalator, and the requirements on construction nodes of the escalator are met; the second route bypasses the escalator hall and passes through the garage area, is not limited by the construction nodes of the escalator, but passes through a narrow space area, and the number of the reserved masonry walls is large.

4) Determining a transportation plan

Through comprehensive demonstration analysis, the two-way line 1# and the 2# are wide and flat, easy to operate and transport, but far in distance, more in wall building after reservation, heavy in generator set, time-consuming and labor-consuming in long-distance transportation, and taking the first way as the in-place transportation way of the 1-5# generator set from the viewpoints of construction period, safety and the like; the route one and the route two of the 6# generator set are basically the same, the space of the route two is narrow, the transportation is not facilitated, the reserved wall building bodies are more, the route one can plan the advancing field of the escalator construction, the construction nodes, the transportation operation convenience are integrated, the number of reserved wall building bodies and other factors are reserved, and therefore the 6# generator set, the 7# generator set and the 10# generator set adopt the route one to enter the field to be positioned in a machine room.

5) On-site transportation

(1) Taking a No. 1 diesel generator set as an example, the No. 1 diesel generator set is arranged in a negative one-layer generator room and is about 6m away from positive and negative zero. Determining the entering date of the No. 1 unit, cleaning a determined transportation route the day before the unit enters, transporting the unit to a building site from a manufacturer, hanging the unit down by adopting a 50-ton heavy crane at a No. 2 automobile ramp, placing a rolling rod below the unit when descending a slope, dragging the unit to a negative layer by adopting a chain to match with a forklift, transporting the horizontal section by adopting a small-sized transport tank wheel, dragging the unit by adopting the forklift, manually correcting the dragging direction, and transporting the unit to the basic edge of the No. 1 generator room.

(2) Raising one section of the unit by using a hydraulic jack, paying attention to the consistency of raising of the two sides of the unit until a damper at one end of the unit can be mounted in a gap of a base; releasing the jack, mounting the rest shock absorber at the other end of the lifting unit, rolling out the lever, and releasing the jack; this is until all 6 dampers of the unit are installed.

(3) The generator set is adjusted to be horizontal, the shock absorber is adjusted, the longitudinal and transverse horizontal allowable deviation of the generator set is 0.1mm, and the horizontal positioning allowable deviation is 20mm.

In the embodiment, the BIM technology is used for three-dimensional modeling, and the dynamic simulation of the transportation route also provides a direction for transportation and installation of oversized and extra-heavy equipment; lays a foundation for the popularization of the company BIM, and greatly reduces the noise pollution level by adopting the method of absorbing the sound of the machine room and the ceiling and the wall surface.

The BIM-based design stage comprises the design of a ventilation air conditioning system, and in the air conditioning system debugging, the guidance of on-site debugging by using the Tianzheng heating ventilation and the past project work experience is still limited, and after the drawings of a design institute are changed for a plurality of times, the hydraulic calculation book provided by the design institute can not meet the on-site guidance debugging, and the construction characteristics and difficulties are mainly as follows:

1) The building is used for positioning high-end office buildings, has extremely high requirements on comfort, energy saving, noise control and the like of a ventilation and air conditioning system, and has high requirements on reliability of the system.

2) The engineering belongs to super high-rise buildings, the system debugging volume is large, the air conditioner debugging time provided by owners is less than 2 months, and the debugging pressure is extremely high.

3) The cold water host machine, the water pump, the ventilation air-conditioning air pipe system, the VAV variable air volume system and the energy monitoring and automatic control system belong to different sub-packages, and the air-conditioning linkage debugging and coordination difficulty is high.

The T2 chilled water host is positioned on the first-period commercial LOFT underground three layers in the urban and south areas in deep industry, the VAV variable air volume system is divided into professional parts, and the coordination of the aspects of debugging work is the key for ensuring that the debugging is completed within two months to achieve the use function.

4) The original design of the ventilation air conditioner has congenital deficiency, and two main machine main air supply pipelines are positioned at the northwest corner of the T2 standard layer. The preliminary test is uneven in air supply, and the air balance debugging is very difficult.

5) The VAV variable air volume tail end has large adjustability, is required to simulate the use forms under a plurality of working conditions, has complicated debugging work, and is required to simulate a plurality of debugging states.

Therefore, BIM modeling can follow site construction change in time, has practical guiding significance, so that the idea of carrying out hydraulic calculation guiding debugging based on the BIM model is generated, and problems can be effectively found and solved by combining site actual measurement parameters, and the specific steps are as follows:

step three, adjusting the pipeline with problems;

And fifthly, comparing the data to finish debugging.

Compared with traditional CAD calculation, the two-dimensional drawing is converted into the three-dimensional model, and the actual construction condition of the site can be faithfully and completely reflected by updating the model in real time. The calculation book generated by taking the BIM model as the basis can guide on-site debugging by more accurate numerical values, and provide a whole-course traceable debugging process record report for owners and property units; the calculation book derived through the BIM model can faithfully reflect the actual situation of the site, and compared with the traditional debugging method, due to the real-time update of the BIM model, management staff and debugging staff can find problems existing in the site at the first time, so that a great amount of labor cost is saved; the application of the BIM technology effectively deepens the understanding of the BIM technology by the team, is not limited to simple pipeline deepening and collision, and accumulates more experience for the application of BIM tools; the BIM is used for guiding the debugging of ventilation air conditioning engineering, so that a large amount of time for on-site discovery and problem elimination is saved, compared with the prior project, the debugging of the T2 ventilation air conditioning air balance is completed 13 days in advance, and a large amount of labor is saved. The debugging cost is saved by 6 wanyuan while the requirements of owners are met; the technology is based on a full-specialized BIM model, can be successfully applied in the air conditioner debugging process, can be popularized in a company and a larger range based on the research result, and has positive promotion effects on standardized management project management, management efficiency improvement and standardized management flow.

Claims

1. A comprehensive construction method based on BIM technology is characterized by comprising three parts of determining deepened design basis, designing stage based on BIM and drawing construction,

the determining deepened design basis comprises clearance requirement report, design blueprints, equipment parameters, technical requirements and related national and industry specifications;

the drawing comprises a structure hole reserving drawing, a masonry wall hole reserving drawing, a pipeline comprehensive drawing, a single professional plane drawing, a section drawing, a support and hanger large sample drawing, a machine room large sample drawing, a clear height drawing and a fine positioning drawing; the large sample diagram of the support and hanger is used for plotting the comprehensive support and hanger and the large support and hanger, and the drawing comprises a specific practice large sample of the support and hanger and bearing information of the support and hanger;

the BIM-based design phase specifically comprises the following steps:

step three, carrying out overall deepening design: combining the equipment size, weight and reserved installation foundation, the installation process conditions, the requirements of electromechanical equipment and pipelines on installation space, the requirements of the system debugging, detection and maintenance on the space, the positions and the distances of the electromechanical equipment and pipelines and various valves and switches, and the installation positions of various water valves and air valves for daily maintenance operation illumination and ventilation; the fan installation position; the factors of water system discharge, structural safety and an electrical system make a judgment on whether the space is too small or too large after the deep design is finished;

the support and hanger comprises a pipe well and pipeline support (9);

the pipe well and pipeline bracket (9) comprises four upright posts (91) connected between reserved holes of an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure and three groups of transverse rods (92) arranged on the upright posts in parallel, each group of transverse rods is provided with four transverse rods and is arranged between the upright posts in a circumferential direction, and two ends of each upright post are correspondingly connected with the structure through connecting plates (93); the periphery of the lower part of the pipe well pipeline bracket is built with building blocks (94); the construction method of the pipe well and pipeline bracket comprises the following steps:

Step one, installing an upright post: when the support is installed, fixing the vertical support, fixing steel plates on an upper concrete structure and a lower concrete structure by expansion bolts according to the line snapping position of a civil-engineering pipe well wall body and the arrangement of all risers in a BIM diagram, and welding prefabricated vertical angle steel on the upper steel plates and the lower steel plates on site to fix the vertical support, wherein other vertical angle steel is installed sequentially by the method;

step two, mounting a cross bar: after the fixing of the four vertical angle steels is finished, fixing support cross bars, wherein the support system is designed to adopt three layers of cross bars at different heights, and the horizontal position of each layer of cross bars is welded on the vertical angle steel support in an annular mode;

step three, installing a pipe well and a pipeline: after the construction of the pipe well pipeline support system is finished, final pipe well pipeline installation is carried out, a through line control pipeline is put down in a pipe well vertically, and a vertical pipeline is installed from bottom to top according to BIM drawing arrangement of the pipe well pipeline and prefabricated pipe clamping holes on a cross arm;

fourth, plastering the pipe well by masonry: and (5) performing pipe well masonry work after the pipe well pipeline is installed.

2. The comprehensive construction method based on the BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

B. when the reserved hole on the structural beam is larger than 100mm and the reserved hole on the structural wall is larger than 500mm, reinforcing the structure;

C. the hole on the shear wall is arranged in the middle of the section;

3. The comprehensive construction method based on the BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

Step three, damping and shock insulation design of equipment: a damping platform with the weight 3 times of the running weight of the water pump is arranged below the water pump, and the water pump is fixedly connected with the damping platform by using foundation bolts; a spring damper is additionally arranged among the refrigerating unit, the vibration reduction platform and the equipment foundation, and a metal soft joint is additionally arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the water pump and the refrigerating unit;

4. The comprehensive construction method based on the BIM technology according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

the support system comprises supports arranged below the pipeline at intervals along the length direction of the pipeline, and the supports comprise a unidirectional support (1), a steering support (2) and side-by-side supports (3);

the unidirectional support (1) is a door-type support and comprises two upright posts (11) and a group of parallel beams (12) connected to the tops of the upright posts (11), a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the parallel beams at intervals, and the bottoms of the upright posts are connected with a foundation through connecting steel plates;

the steering bracket (2) comprises a main bracket (21) and secondary brackets (22) vertically connected to one side or two sides of the main bracket;

the main support (21) is a door-type support and comprises two main upright posts (211) and a group of main parallel beams (212) connected to the tops of the main upright posts (211), a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the two beams of the main parallel beams at intervals, and the bottoms of the main upright posts are connected with a foundation through connecting steel plates;

the secondary support (22) comprises a secondary upright (221) and a group of secondary parallel beams (222), wherein one end of each secondary parallel beam is connected with the main upright, the other end of each secondary parallel beam is connected with the secondary upright, the height of each secondary parallel beam is not more than that of the main parallel beam, and a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the secondary parallel beams at intervals;

The side-by-side bracket (3) comprises a first bracket (31) and a second bracket (32) which is at least connected with one side surface of the first bracket side by side, the first bracket (31) is a door-type bracket and comprises two first upright posts (311) and a group of first parallel beams (312) connected with the tops of the first upright posts, a group of shock absorbers are arranged between the two beams of the first parallel beams at intervals, and the bottoms of the first upright posts are connected with a foundation through connecting steel plates;

the second support (32) comprises a second upright post (321) and a group of second parallel beams (322), wherein one end of each second parallel beam is connected with the first upright post, the other end of each second parallel beam is connected with the second upright post, the height of each second parallel beam is not more than that of each second parallel beam, and a group of shock absorbers are arranged between two beams of each second parallel beam at intervals.

5. The comprehensive construction method based on the BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

the support and hanger comprises a pipe well and pipeline support (9);

the first group of the transverse rods of the pipe well and pipeline bracket (9) are 0.8-1.2 m away from the upper layer structure, the second group of the transverse rods are 1.8-2.2 m away from the upper layer structure, and the third group of the transverse rods are 3.8-4.2 m away from the upper layer structure;

the masonry height of the building blocks (94) is 2-2.5 m.

6. The comprehensive construction method based on the BIM technology according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

the main body of the damping platform 4 sequentially comprises a vibration isolation cushion layer (41), a pouring panel (42), an isolation layer (43) and a concrete layer (44) from bottom to top, wherein the vibration isolation cushion layer comprises a group of vibration isolation cushions which are arranged at intervals in parallel, the vibration isolation cushions are of rectangular strip structures, and the isolation layer is a waterproof film layer;

the main part of shock attenuation platform still encloses around and has closed concrete frame (45), and wherein the waterproof film of isolation layer turns over the book and sets up between concrete layer and concrete frame, and still is equipped with surrounding edge cushion (46) between waterproof film and the concrete frame, seals through the sealant between waterproof film and the surrounding edge cushion and bonds.

7. The comprehensive construction method based on the BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

8. The comprehensive construction method based on the BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

step three, adjusting the pipeline with problems;

9. The comprehensive construction method based on the BIM technology according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

and fifthly, comparing the data to finish debugging.