CN109609246B - 一种环保微量切削液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种润滑剂组合物，其特征在于：由包括以下组分的原料制备而成：山梨糖醇、二聚酸、聚乙二醇；其中，上述山梨糖醇、二聚酸、聚乙二醇的摩尔比为1:2‑3:1‑3。采用本发明制备的润滑剂组合物，由于合成的聚酯类化合物具有优异的润滑性、极压抗磨性/好、水溶性佳，也是一种优良的表面活性剂，可全部或部分取代传统的含氯、硫、磷的极压抗磨剂使用于环保微量切削液中，少量的环保微量切削液就能满足金属加工的润滑冷却、极压抗磨和防锈要求；配合微量润滑装置使用，可节省切削液的使用量90％以上，节能减排、环境保护效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑技术领域，具体地，涉及一种环保微量切削液及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的金属切削加工采用矿物油或植物油或切削液进行大量冲淋式润滑，润滑剂的使用量大，不仅浪费资源，造成加工场所和环境的巨大污染，同时还会严重影响操作工人的身体健康。
为解决这些问题，近期对微量润滑技术的研究取得一定的进展，微量润滑技术解决了以上润滑剂使用量大，污染严重等问题，但对微量润滑剂的研究，但在应用方面还存在一定的问题，主要是润滑和冷却问题不能很好的解决。
对微量润滑剂的研究与开发，是一项有意义的课题。
发明内容
鉴于以上缺陷，本发明旨在克服现有技术的不足，提供一种环保微量切削液及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的一种润滑剂组合物的特征在于,由包括以下组分的原料制备而成：山梨糖醇、二聚酸、聚乙二醇；
其中，上述山梨糖醇、二聚酸、聚乙二醇的摩尔比为1:2-3:1-3。
所述二聚酸选自亚油酸/油酸二聚体(36碳)；商品CAS号:61788-89-4。
所述的二聚酸是天然油脂经过水解提取不饱和脂肪酸，通过加压催化缩合或连续催化聚合或间歇常压甲醇蒸气排氧聚合等工艺而制成的。
所述聚乙二醇选自分子量为200-1000的聚乙二醇中的一种或几种；
所述聚乙二醇优选自PEG200、PEG300、PEG400、PEG500、PEG600中的一种。
此外，本发明还提供了上述润滑剂组合物的制备方法，其特征在于:将山梨糖醇、二聚酸、聚乙二醇分别加入反应釜中，搅拌加热至180-240℃，充分反应6-12小时，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑剂组合物。
本发明提供的制备方法，还具有这样的特点:为了提高反应速度，反应物中还可加入催化剂加快反应速度；
其中，上述催化剂可选自质子酸、离子交换树脂、分子筛中的一种；
上述催化剂优选自磷酸；当选用磷酸时，其有效成分占反应物总重量的0.5-1％。当选用磷酸作为催化剂时还有一个好处，磷酸可以和山梨糖醇，聚乙二醇发生反应生成山梨糖醇磷酸酯和/或聚乙二醇磷酸酯，此磷酸酯类物质具有较好的极压抗磨性，对铝和铝合金加工有比较好的缓蚀作用，另外催化剂无需进行分离，减少能源的消耗，对环境影响小，可降低生产成本。
另外，本发明还提供了一种含上述润滑剂组合物的环保微量切削液，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比的组分制备而成：
上述油醇硫酸酯钠商品CAS号:1847-55-8。
上述聚蓖麻油酸酯的聚合度为3-6，优选四聚蓖麻油酸酯，商品型号为：L4。
上述油酰胺基酸钠商品名为：雷米邦A。
本发明还提供了一种环保微量切削液母液的制备方法，其特征在于：称取润滑剂组合物、己二酸二异癸酯、油醇硫酸酯钠、聚蓖麻油酸酯、油酰胺基酸钠在40～60℃温度下混合搅拌至透明时即可。
在使用的过程中，将上述微量切削液母液加水1-5倍搅拌至透明或半透明后加入微量润滑装置中使用。
发明的作用与效果
采用本发明制备的润滑剂组合物，由于合成的聚酯类化合物具有优异的润滑性、极压抗磨性/好、水溶性佳，也是一种优良的表面活性剂，可全部或部分取代传统的含氯、硫、磷的极压抗磨剂使用于环保微量切削液中，少量的环保微量切削液就能满足金属加工的润滑冷却、极压抗磨和防锈要求；配合微量润滑装置使用，可节省切削液的使用量90％以上，节能减排、环境保护效果显著。
在本发明中，己二酸二异癸酯是优良的双酯，能提供良好的润滑性。
在本发明中，油醇硫酸酯钠是良好的阴离子表面活性剂，同时润滑性能良好。
在本发明中，聚蓖麻油酸酯提供良好的润滑性，具有优异的润滑性、极压抗磨性/好、水溶性佳，也是一种优良的表面活性剂，可全部或部分取代传统的含氯、硫、磷的极压抗磨剂使用于微量切削液中，少量的微量切削液就能满足金属加工的润滑冷却、极压抗磨和防锈要求。
在本发明中，油酰胺基酸钠，是N型阴离子表面活性剂，具有良好的润滑性和极压抗磨性，可全部或部分取代含硫、含氯、含磷的极压抗磨剂，较易配制水溶性切削液。
在本发明的配方中，上述各组分混合后，基于其各自的结构特点，可发生分子间弱键作用力，经相溶后，提高和激发彼此的润滑性、溶解性和极压抗磨性等性质。
具体实施方式
实施例一
称取182.17g(1mol)山梨糖醇、1129.84g(2mol)二聚酸、600g(3mol)PEG200分别加入反应釜中，搅拌加热至180℃，充分反应12小时，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑剂组合物。
称取上述400g润滑剂组合物、己二酸二异癸酯300g、油醇硫酸酯钠200g、四聚蓖麻油酸酯50g、油酰胺基酸钠50g在60℃温度下混合搅拌至透明时即为一种环保微量切削液。
将上述环保微量切削液用GB/T12583实验方法进行四球极压测试，试验结果：PD>4903N。
实施例二
称取182.17g(1mol)山梨糖醇、1694.76g(3mol)二聚酸、600g(2mol)PEG300、25g磷酸(有效组分50％)分别加入反应釜中，搅拌加热至240℃，充分反应6小时，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑剂组合物。
称取上述300g润滑剂组合物、己二酸二异癸酯400g、油醇硫酸酯钠100g、六聚蓖麻油酸酯100g、油酰胺基酸钠100g在40℃温度下混合搅拌至透明时即为一种环保微量切削液。
实施例三
称取182.17g(1mol)山梨糖醇、1412.3g(2.5mol)二聚酸、480g(1.2mol)PEG400分别加入反应釜中，搅拌加热至230℃，充分反应8小时，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑剂组合物。
称取上述350g润滑剂组合物、己二酸二异癸酯350g、油醇硫酸酯钠150g、聚蓖麻油酸酯80g、油酰胺基酸钠70g在50℃左右温度下混合搅拌至透明时即为一种环保微量切削液。
实施例四
称取182.17g(1mol)山梨糖醇、1412.3g(2.5mol)二聚酸、500g(1mol)PEG500分别加入反应釜中，加入15g磷酸(浓度85％)搅拌加热至220℃，充分反应10小时，减压排出水分，即为润滑剂组合物。
称取上述370g润滑剂组合物、己二酸二异癸酯360g、油醇硫酸酯钠120g、三聚蓖麻油酸酯60g、油酰胺基酸钠(雷米邦A)90g在50℃左右温度下混合搅拌至透明时即为一种环保微量切削液。
实施例五
称取182.17g(1mol)山梨糖醇、1412.3g(2.5mol)二聚酸、900g(1.5mol)PEG600分别加入反应釜中，加入25g磷酸(有效物含量85％)，搅拌加热至210℃左右，充分反应9小时左右，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑剂组合物。
称取上述310g润滑剂组合物、己二酸二异癸酯370g、油醇硫酸酯钠160g、四聚蓖麻油酸酯90g、油酰胺基酸钠70g在50℃左右温度下混合搅拌至透明时即为一种环保微量切削液。
将上述实施例五环保微量切削液和水按1:3混合搅拌后应用于铝合金零部件车削加工，数控车床型号：CJK-0620。原来用乳化切削液(浓度约5％)进行循环润滑冷却，现在改为KS-2106微量润滑装置(2喷嘴，所用喷嘴为上海金兆节能科技有限公司提供的节能喷嘴)和上述环保微量切削液，工作时间8小时/天，结果如下表：
| 项目 | 传统润滑方式 | 微量润滑方式 |
| 润滑剂消耗(升/天) | 10升 | 0.35升 |
| 车刀平均使用寿命 | 7天 | 9天 |
Claims (9)
1.一种环保微量切削液，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比的组分制备而成：
所述的润滑剂组合物，由包括以下组分的原料制备而成：山梨糖醇、二聚酸、聚乙二醇；
其中，所述山梨糖醇：二聚酸：聚乙二醇的摩尔比为1:2-3:1-3；
所述的润滑剂组合物的制备方法:
将山梨糖醇、二聚酸、聚乙二醇分别加入反应釜中，搅拌加热至180-240℃，充分反应6-12小时，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑剂组合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种环保微量切削液，其特征在于:
所述二聚酸选自亚油酸/油酸二聚体。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种环保微量切削液，其特征在于:
所述聚乙二醇选自分子量为200-1000的聚乙二醇中的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种环保微量切削液，其特征在于:
所述的二聚酸是天然油脂经过水解提取不饱和脂肪酸，通过加压催化缩合或连续催化聚合或间歇常压甲醇蒸气排氧聚合工艺而制成的。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种环保微量切削液，其特征在于:
所述聚乙二醇选自PEG200、PEG300、PEG400、PEG500、PEG600中的一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种环保微量切削液，其特征在于:
所述的制备方法反应物中还加入催化剂加快反应速度；
其中，所述催化剂选自质子酸、离子交换树脂、分子筛中的一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的环保微量切削液，其特征在于：
所述聚蓖麻油酸酯的聚合度为3-6。
8.如权利要求1所述的环保微量切削液，其特征在于：
所述聚蓖麻油酸酯选四聚蓖麻油酸酯。
9.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的一种环保微量切削液的制备方法，其特征在于：
称取润滑剂组合物、己二酸二异癸酯、油醇硫酸酯钠、聚蓖麻油酸酯、油酰胺基酸钠在40～60℃温度下混合搅拌至透明时即可。
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