CN1096070A - 保温复合构件 - Google Patents

保温复合构件 Download PDF

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CN1096070A
CN1096070A CN93108267A CN93108267A CN1096070A CN 1096070 A CN1096070 A CN 1096070A CN 93108267 A CN93108267 A CN 93108267A CN 93108267 A CN93108267 A CN 93108267A CN 1096070 A CN1096070 A CN 1096070A
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bat
insulation assembly
thin layer
glass fiber
foreskin
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J·E·塞尔霍恩
J·L·奥灵格
C·伯丹
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Owens Corning
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Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp
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Priority to US07/447,763 priority Critical patent/US5277955A/en
Priority to ES93914381T priority patent/ES2122025T3/es
Priority to EP93914381A priority patent/EP0653006B1/en
Priority to PL93307308A priority patent/PL307308A1/xx
Priority to PCT/US1993/005334 priority patent/WO1994029539A1/en
Priority to DE69321840T priority patent/DE69321840T2/de
Priority to CA002141591A priority patent/CA2141591A1/en
Priority to JP7501694A priority patent/JPH07506410A/ja
Priority to AU44063/93A priority patent/AU675438B2/en
Application filed by Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp filed Critical Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp
Priority to CN93108267A priority patent/CN1096070A/zh
Publication of CN1096070A publication Critical patent/CN1096070A/zh
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
    • E04B1/7658—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres
    • E04B1/7662—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres comprising fiber blankets or batts
    • E04B1/7666—Connection of blankets or batts to the longitudinal supporting elements
    • E04B1/767—Blankets or batts with connecting flanges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于使建筑物保温的保温复 合构件，该构件包括一低密实度，无粘合剂的矿物纤 维的垫物，例如一无粘合剂玻璃纤维棉胎，该棉胎由 一薄层包裹起来形成一包皮。将该棉胎通过一粘合 剂连接到该包皮上，以及由该包皮所限定的一空气通 道，用于将空气导向该棉胎。该保温复合构件重量 轻，且具有超过6∶1的压缩比率。

Description

本发明涉及到一种保温复合构件，它用于建筑物保温，例如，这些建筑物的楼板，项棚及类似部件的保温。
众所周知，在现有技术中，使用包括矿物纤维，如玻璃纤维棉等多种保温材料来使建筑物保温。
现有技术中的玻璃纤维棉保温材料常常是在纤维化过程以后，将一粘合剂，如酚醛树脂，与玻璃棉结合起来，结果所形成的保温复合构件具有支承长条形本身的足够强度，从而可以把它布置在商业建筑或居住建筑的相邻支柱或项棚桁架之间等位置。
玻璃纤维保温材料通常是由将用多水平薄层玻璃纤维所组成的一层玻璃纤维放在一移动带上而做成的。在很早期的工业中，不使用粘合剂。但是，在30年代后期和40年代早期之间，工业上开始使用一种有机粘合剂，例如上面提到的酚醛树脂，这种粘合剂被认为对于使该保温材料在加工时具有其结构完整性，以及在包装和运输中被压缩以后，恢复其厚度和保温价值，都是必要的。因此，在现有技术中，现在的做法是当要形成该保温层时，对该纤维使用这种粘合材料，并部分地加压和加热该所得到的保温层，以使该粘合剂硬化，并设置顶层。然后将该保温层切成棉胎（batts）或卷茼形，并将其紧紧地压缩在一起，以便包装和运输。
在几年当中已经开发了许多种粘合剂组合物，它们已经作为现有技术中的保温复合构件的必要成分。
现有技术告诉我们，在低密度的玻璃纤维棉胎中不可能想象具有高的恢复率，而且在过去的无粘合剂的产品中本来就没有发现高的恢复率。McMillin和Sakarash的美国专利us-2610337告诉了使用超细玻璃纤维，以便形成柔软而有弹性的垫胎，用作软垫等类似物的填充物。这一现有专利技术表明，对于这种超细玻璃纤维可以使用高到25-30%的粘合剂，而不会引起不适当的坚硬性。该专利描述到”尽管该棉胎随着粘合剂量的减小会变的越来越没有弹性，但是，当以最后产品的重量计算时，已经成功地使用了小到5%的粘合剂重量。”
本发明涉及到一种保温复合构件，它提供了一种改进的整体式的建筑保温复合构件，该构件可以迅速而有效地被安装在如建筑物的墙柱或顶棚桁架之间。
本发明的集中点是一保温复合构件，在这一保温复合构件中，所有粘合剂或基本上所有粘合剂都不需要使用。已经发现，尽管与过去三十或四十年中的学说相反，但是，可以用一外层包住一无粘合剂的棉胎，以便形成具有满意弹性的低密度的保温复合构件。
保温复合构件包括一纵向延伸的矿物纤维棉胎，该矿物纤维棉胎，如玻璃纤维棉胎，具有相对的表面。最好是，该棉胎由无粘合剂的，低密度的玻璃纤维棉做成。该保温复合构件的玻璃纤维棉胎的密度小于每立方英尺0.60磅（9.61kg/m3），最好是在每立方英尺0.30磅（4.81kg/m3）至每立方英尺0.50磅（8.01kg/m3）之间。
一外薄层包住该玻璃纤维棉胎，该外薄层包皮最好由可容纳该玻璃纤维棉胎的聚乙烯外壳所构成。在靠近该棉胎表面之一的地方布置一粘合剂，以阻止该棉胎和，例如聚乙烯薄膜层之间的相对移动。在该薄膜层中设置一定气通道，以便在工作现场将空气导向该棉胎，使该复合构件膨胀。
本发明的目的是提供一种改进的保温复合构件，以用作为安装建筑保温材料的准备。
本发明的另一目的是提供一无粘合剂，低密矿物纤维的保温复合构件，该构件具有至少6比1的恢复比率，该恢复比率是指安装好的最后未压缩的构件的厚度，与处于运输状态的该压缩的包裹的厚度之比。安装后的厚度通常被认为是标号厚度。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种具有相当光滑，在工作现场容易安装的不刺激的外层的矿物纤维保温复合构件。
图1为本发明的保温复合构件的透视图，其中一部分外薄膜被去掉了;
图2为一透视图，表示用来制造本发明的保温复合构件的玻璃纤维棉胎;
图3为沿图1中的3-3剖线的放大了的截面图;
图4类似于图3，表示本发明的另一实施例。
参照图1，本发明的保温复合构件通常用标记10表示。保温复合构件10包括一矿物纤维棉胎，例如一玻璃纤维棉胎11。如在本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，术语“棉胎”是指这样一种矿物纤维棉胎，即当在其上端13用一夹子12（见图2）将其夹住时，该棉胎体本身可以支撑，而不会象如各个玻璃纤维松散填充材料组一样会散开或分离。因此，矿物纤维棉胎11，如在本发明中所使用的术语一样，具有完整性，并且能够在其上端13被提起来，且保持完整。
矿物纤维棉胎11，例如，由其密实度小于每立方英尺0.60磅（9.61kg/m3）的低密实度的玻璃纤维棉所形成。该棉胎也可以由除了玻璃纤维以外的其它矿物纤维构成。如果该矿物纤维是玻璃纤维，该棉胎11的密实度最好在每立方英尺0.30磅（4.81kg/m3）至每立方英尺0.50磅（8.01kg/m3）之间。在本最佳实施例中形成矿物纤维棉胎11的玻璃纤维棉，具有以下化学和物理特性：
（1）、与现有技术中的粘合纤维棉保温材料比较，它减少了气味。
（2）、与现有技术中的纤维棉保温材料相比，它减少了刺激物。
（3）、重量轻。
（4）、在其自然状态通常是白颜色或灰颜色。
（5）、该纤维的缠结贮存了足够的能量，以提供超过6∶1的恢复率。
（6）、纤维直径加权平均长度小于0.00027时（6.86E-6米），该纤维直径加权平均长度最好在0.00010时（2.54E-6米）和0.00024时（6.10-6米）之间。
（7）、热阻大于棉胎厚度的1R/寸（0.176M20c/瓦特）。
本矿物纤维棉胎11的一个重要特性是该玻璃纤维棉是没有粘合剂的。象在本说明书和权利要求中所使用的一样，术语“没有粘合剂”表示没有粘合剂材料，或者仅有少量的这种粘合剂材料，其量不到其重量的1%。为灰尘控制或其它目的而加入抑制剂，如油，不应该认为是一种粘合剂。
除了上端13以外，矿物纤维棉胎11包括一相对的底端14，一前表面15，一后表面16，一侧面17和一相对的侧面18。
一外薄层或包皮将该矿物纤维棉胎11包裹信。本语外薄层或包皮包括将材料薄层用到该棉胎的二个主要表面和二个侧边上。也可以将材料薄层有选择地用到棉胎的端面上。在图1所示的实施例中，该薄层由一聚乙烯包皮20构成。但是，在其它实施例中，该包皮薄层也可以由加热的聚乙烯薄层组成，将该薄层直接用到玻璃纤维棉胎上，因此，该加热的聚乙烯也作为一粘合剂层，它将该薄膜连接到棉物纤维棉胎11上。
其它可选择的薄膜包皮包括橡胶包层（未表示），该包层形成一个容纳该玻璃纤维棉胎的气球状接受器，也可以使作非纺织材料，如一织物薄层。
其它可以使用的薄膜包括A-B目起反应涂层和交联的聚合物，通过使用电子束，可使该交联的聚合物在玻璃纤维棉胎的表面上变硬。
本实施例中的聚乙烯包皮20最好由厚度为1.0密耳或更薄的聚乙烯薄膜所形成，聚乙烯薄膜的厚度范围最好在0.2密耳至0.6密耳之间。在本实施例中，该厚度是0.4密耳。该外薄层20可以由，例如聚乙烯，聚丁烯，镀金层薄膜牛皮纸和非纺织材料构成。该外薄层20可以由一种材料组成。或几种材料的组合组成。
将一粘结薄层或带布置在靠近一个或多个玻璃纤维棉胎表面的薄膜上。还可以使用粘结的另一种形式，如点或粘结短阵形式。在本实例中，参照图3，把一粘结薄层22布置在矿物纤维棉胎11的前表面15和聚乙烯薄层20之间，该粘结薄层22阻止矿物纤维棉胎11和聚乙烯薄层20之间的相对移动。当将该构件10放在，例如墙体支柱之间的竖向位置上时，这是有用的，它阻止了该矿物纤维棉胎11相对于该薄膜向下转动。
如前面提到的，在其它实施例中，该粘结层可以是该薄膜的一完整部分，该薄膜的一侧面是粘结层，将其连接到该矿物纤维棉胎上。在其它限制棉胎和包皮之间相对移动的实施例中，包括机械锚固装置或该包皮的形状。
参照图1，在本实施例中，在该聚乙烯薄层20中形成一个或多个空气道，该空气道允许空气进入该矿物纤维棉胎11。一开口端，如开口端14，可以形成该空气道。在另一实施例中，在包皮20内形成孔或缝，以提供需要的空气道。
在制造该保温复合构件10之中或之后，该构件被紧紧地压缩，空气被从聚乙烯包皮20内排除了。在空气从该聚乙烯包皮20内和从该矿物纤维棉胎11中被抽空后，可以在开口端14或其它开口处配置可去掉的包皮。在另一个可供选择的方法中，可以用运输容器或带条将该棉胎11压缩并固定在一压缩状态。为运输目的，该保温复合构件10保持在其压缩状态。在工作现场，该构件10被允许恢复到它的所需要的厚度，空气通过通道，如开口端14，进入该矿物纤维棉胎11内。本发明的保温复合构件10的主要物理特性之一是，其恢复比率至少是6比1，该膨胀的保温复合构件10的最后厚度至少是该构件10在其压缩或运输状态时的厚度的6倍。
如上面注意到的，开口端14已经被表示为空气通道器，也可以使用其它空气通道器，包括在聚乙烯包皮20中的缝。
本发明的另一个实施例如图4所示，在这一实施例中，一保温复合构件30包括一玻璃纤维棉胎11和一粘结层22，聚乙烯包皮32有侧翼33和34。在包皮32形成了一开口35，作为空气通道器。在某些应用中，侧翼33和34与建筑构件，如竖向墙支柱竖向对齐，并由卡钉或其它连接器将其连接到这些支柱上，以将该保温复合构件30固定在其位置上。
尽管本发明是用特殊的最佳实施例的方式公开的，但是，在不离开下面权利要求范围的情况下，可以作许多变动和修改。

Claims (16)

1、一种保温复合构件，包括如下的组合：至少一纵向延伸的矿物纤维棉胎，该棉胎具有相对表面，由一低密度，无粘合剂的纤维材料构成，一包住所述矿物纤维棉胎的外薄层，限制所述棉胎和外薄层之间相对运动的装置，以及用于将空气导入所述棉胎内的在所述外薄层上的空气通道器。
2、如权利要求1所述保温复合构件，其特征是所说的限制装置是在靠近所述棉胎表面至少一部分处的所述外薄层上的一粘合剂。
3、一保温复合构件，包括如下组合：至少一纵向延伸的玻璃纤维棉胎，所述的玻璃纤维棉胎具有相对的表面，由一低密实度的，无粘合剂的玻璃纤维棉所构成，所述的玻璃纤维棉胎的密实度小于0.60p.c.f.（9.61kg/m3），一包住所述玻璃纤维棉胎的外薄层，限制所述棉胎和所说薄层之间相对移动的装置，以及用于将空气导入所述棉胎内的在所说外薄层上的空气通道器。
4、如权利要求3所述保温复合构件，其特征是所述的限制装置是在靠近所述棉胎表面至少一部分处的所述外薄层上的一粘合剂。
5、如权利要求3所述保温复合构件，其特征是所述玻璃纤维棉胎的密实度在0.30p.c.f（4.81kg/m3）和0.50p.c.f（8.01kg/m3）之间。
6、如权利要求4所述保温复合构件，其特征是所述复合构件包括相对的端，所述的粘合剂层包括靠近所述相对端的每一端处的部分。
7、如权利要求3所述保温复合构件，其特征是所述外薄层包括一聚乙烯包皮。
8、如权利要求3所述保温复合构件，其特征是所述空气通道器包括在所述外薄层中的一端开口。
9、如权利要求7所述保温复合构件，其特征是所述聚乙烯包皮的厚度小于1.0密耳。
10、如权利要求7所述保温复合构件，其特征是所述聚乙烯包皮的厚度在0.2密耳和0.6密耳之间。
11、如权利要求3所述保温复合构件，其特征是所述构件具有至少6比1的恢复比率。
12、如权利要求11所述保温复合构件，其特征是所述外薄层包括其厚度在0.20密耳和0.60密耳之间的聚乙烯薄层。
13、如权利要求12所述保温复合构件，其特征是所述聚乙烯薄层限定了一个具有纵向延伸的侧边和从该侧边向外延伸的侧翼的包皮。
14、如权利要求13所述保温复合构件，其特征是所述玻璃纤维棉胎由具有少于0.00027英寸（6.86E-6米）直径加权平均长度的玻璃纤维所形成。
15、如权利要求14所述保温复合构件，其特征是所述玻璃纤维的直径直加权平均长度在0.00010英寸（2.54E-6米）和0.00024英寸（6.10E-6米）之间。
16、一保温复合构件，包括如下组合：至少一纵向延伸的玻璃纤维棉胎，所述玻璃纤维棉胎由小于0.00027英寸（6.86E-6米）的纤维直径加权平均长度的玻璃纤维所形成，它具有小于0.60p.c.f（9.61kg/m3）的密实度，一外塑料薄层，取定一包皮且其厚度在0.20密耳和0.60密耳之间，在靠近所述玻璃纤维棉胎至少一表面处的所述塑料薄层上的一粘合剂，因此，在所述塑料薄层和所述玻璃纤维棉胎之间的相对移动被阻止了，还有在所述包皮上的至少一开口，用于允许空气进到所述玻璃纤维棉胎，所述保温复合构件的恢复率至少是6比1。
CN93108267A 1989-12-08 1993-06-04 保温复合构件 Pending CN1096070A (zh)

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US07/447,763 US5277955A (en) 1989-12-08 1989-12-08 Insulation assembly
EP93914381A EP0653006B1 (en) 1989-12-08 1993-06-03 Insulation assembly
PL93307308A PL307308A1 (en) 1989-12-08 1993-06-03 Insulating assembly
PCT/US1993/005334 WO1994029539A1 (en) 1989-12-08 1993-06-03 Insulation assembly
DE69321840T DE69321840T2 (de) 1989-12-08 1993-06-03 Isolationszusammenstellung
ES93914381T ES2122025T3 (es) 1989-12-08 1993-06-03 Conjunto de aislamiento.
CA002141591A CA2141591A1 (en) 1989-12-08 1993-06-03 Insulation assembly
JP7501694A JPH07506410A (ja) 1989-12-08 1993-06-03 絶縁組立体
AU44063/93A AU675438B2 (en) 1989-12-08 1993-06-03 Insulation assembly
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US07/447,763 US5277955A (en) 1989-12-08 1989-12-08 Insulation assembly
PL93307308A PL307308A1 (en) 1989-12-08 1993-06-03 Insulating assembly
PCT/US1993/005334 WO1994029539A1 (en) 1989-12-08 1993-06-03 Insulation assembly
CA002141591A CA2141591A1 (en) 1989-12-08 1993-06-03 Insulation assembly
CN93108267A CN1096070A (zh) 1989-12-08 1993-06-04 保温复合构件

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CN103061036A (zh) * 2012-12-30 2013-04-24 刘卫波 一种纤维棉垫及其制备工艺

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US5277955A (en) 1994-01-11
AU675438B2 (en) 1997-02-06
ES2122025T3 (es) 1998-12-16
DE69321840D1 (de) 1998-12-03
EP0653006A1 (en) 1995-05-17
EP0653006B1 (en) 1998-10-28
CA2141591A1 (en) 1994-12-22
JPH07506410A (ja) 1995-07-13
WO1994029539A1 (en) 1994-12-22
AU4406393A (en) 1995-01-03
DE69321840T2 (de) 1999-07-08
PL307308A1 (en) 1995-05-15

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