CN109601160A - 一种高产优质防病害防重茬茄子嫁接移栽方法 - Google Patents
一种高产优质防病害防重茬茄子嫁接移栽方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及蔬菜栽培技术领域，具体涉及一种高产优质防病害防重茬茄子嫁接移栽方法，包括以下步骤：选择托鲁巴姆做砧木，接穗选择适合当地消费习惯的茄子品种；育苗；选择阴天或晴天的早晨或傍晚进行嫁接，在托鲁巴姆砧木苗土面以上5‑8公分处劈接穗苗，劈接时需保持干燥，劈接后等待嫁接处完全愈合即可；用薄膜将嫁接好的茄苗扣好，保持温度25‑28摄氏度，空气湿度75‑95％；将嫁接好的双根苗移栽至大田，培育15天以后，砧木与接穗伤口愈合，从嫁接口剪断接穗根部，只留砧木的根，完成嫁接。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蔬菜生产栽培领域，尤其涉及一种高产优质防病害防重茬茄子嫁接移栽方法。
背景技术
茄子在全世界都有分布，在亚洲、非洲、地中海沿岸、欧洲中南部、中美洲均广泛种植。因在欧美等地，只有在较低纬度栽培，品种不多，因此世界各国中以中国茄子栽培面积最大，总产量最高。据统计，中国茄子的种植面积和产量，达到了全世界的一半。
普通茄子抗病虫害能力较低，易发生根腐、烂脚等疫病。由于常年连续栽种，土传病害、根结线虫，茄子黄萎病原菌等不良因素危害逐年加重，为此人们需要加大化肥农药施用量，既加大了生产成本，又带来了产品污染。为防止茄子病虫害危害，人们开始采用野生茄科植物嫁接栽培茄子。并且力求培育的茄子可对抗病虫害并高产。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供了一种高产优质防病害防重茬茄子嫁接移栽方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：
一种高产优质防病害防重茬茄子嫁接移栽方法，其包括以下步骤：
1)品种选择：选择托鲁巴姆做砧木，接穗选择适合当地消费习惯的茄子品种；
2)育苗：于7月进行托鲁巴姆育苗，8月用当地茄种育苗，待托鲁巴姆苗高200-350mm、茎粗5-10mm、6-9片真叶，当地茄苗高150-250mm、茎粗4-6mm、有4-6片真叶时将两种苗取出准备嫁接；
3)嫁接：选择阴天或晴天的早晨或傍晚进行嫁接，在托鲁巴姆砧木苗土面以上5-8公分处劈接穗苗，劈接时需保持干燥，劈接后等待嫁接处完全愈合即可，
4)育苗：用薄膜将嫁接好的茄苗扣好，保持温度25-28摄氏度，空气湿度75-95％；
5)移栽：将嫁接好的双根苗移栽至大田，培育15天以后，砧木与接穗伤口愈合，从嫁接口剪断接穗根部，只留砧木的根，完成嫁接。
优选的，上述技术方案中，所述步骤3)嫁接中劈接方式优选在砧木苗土面以上5-8公分处用锋利的刀片将砧木削成锲形，长度6-8mm，并于接穗的茄子苗在子叶上方60-80mm处用刀片自下而上切斜口，斜口长度6-8mm最深处不超过茎粗的二分之一，之后将砧木的锲形端部插入接穗的斜口中，皮层对齐，用透明胶带包扎2-3圈固定接口。
优选的，上述技术方案中，所述步骤3)还包括喷洒嫁接愈合剂。
优选地，所述嫁接愈合剂其原料组成按照质量份数如下：
仙人掌汁5-7份，芦荟汁5-7份，野菊花3-5份，三七4-7份，赤霉素0.1-0.5份，阿司匹林0.2-0.5份，聚乙烯醇0.1-0.3份，蒲公英3-6份，水100-200份，将上述组份混合均匀，充分溶解后即得所述嫁接愈合剂。
优选地，上述嫁接愈合剂每日喷涂一次，至嫁接处完全愈合为止。
本发明的有益效果：
1、该嫁接品种具备抗低温能力强，高抗黄萎病、枯萎病、青枯病根结线虫病等多种土传病害，嫁接伤口愈合性好，成苗率高。
2、该嫁接品种克服连作障碍，高产，植株强壮，采收期延长，提高茄子产量40％以上，并确保持了茄子良好的口感。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种高产优质防病害防重茬茄子嫁接移栽方法，其包括以下步骤：
1)品种选择：选择托鲁巴姆做砧木，接穗选择适合当地消费习惯的茄子品种；
2)育苗：于7月进行托鲁巴姆育苗，8月用当地茄种育苗，待托鲁巴姆苗高200-350mm、茎粗5-10mm、6-9片真叶，当地茄苗高150-250mm、茎粗4-6mm、有4-6片真叶时将两种苗取出准备嫁接；
3)嫁接：选择阴天或晴天的早晨或傍晚进行嫁接，在托鲁巴姆砧木苗土面以上5-8公分处劈接穗苗，劈接时需保持干燥，劈接后等待嫁接处完全愈合即可，
4)育苗：用薄膜将嫁接好的茄苗扣好，保持温度25-28摄氏度，空气湿度75-95％；
5)移栽：将嫁接好的双根苗移栽至大田，培育15天以后，砧木与接穗伤口愈合，从嫁接口剪断接穗根部，只留砧木的根，完成嫁接。
上述技术方案中，所述托鲁巴姆砧木具备抗低温能力强，高抗黄萎病、枯萎病、青枯病根结线虫病等多种土传病害，嫁接伤口愈合性好，成苗率高的优点。当地适宜的茄苗符合当地的消费习惯。
优选的，上述技术方案中，所述步骤3)嫁接中劈接方式优选在砧木苗土面以上5-8公分处用锋利的刀片将砧木削成锲形，长度6-8mm，并于接穗的茄子苗在子叶上方60-80mm处用刀片自下而上切斜口，斜口长度6-8mm最深处不超过茎粗的二分之一，之后将砧木的锲形端部插入接穗的斜口中，皮层对齐，用透明胶带包扎2-3圈固定接口。
优选的，上述技术方案中，所述步骤3)还包括喷洒嫁接愈合剂。
优选地，所述嫁接愈合剂其原料组成按照质量份数如下：
仙人掌汁5-7份，芦荟汁5-7份，野菊花3-5份，三七4-7份，赤霉素0.1-0.5份，阿司匹林0.2-0.5份，聚乙烯醇0.1-0.3份，蒲公英3-6份，水100-200份，将上述组份混合均匀，充分溶解后即得所述嫁接愈合剂。
优选地，上述嫁接愈合剂每日喷涂一次，至嫁接处完全愈合为止。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (5)
1.一种高产优质防病害防重茬茄子嫁接移栽方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)品种选择：选择托鲁巴姆做砧木，接穗选择适合当地消费习惯的茄子品种；
2)育苗：于7月进行托鲁巴姆育苗，8月用当地茄种育苗，待托鲁巴姆苗高200-350mm、茎粗5-10mm、6-9片真叶，当地茄苗高150-250mm、茎粗4-6mm、有4-6片真叶时将两种苗取出准备嫁接；
3)嫁接：选择阴天或晴天的早晨或傍晚进行嫁接，在托鲁巴姆砧木苗土面以上5-8公分处劈接穗苗，劈接时需保持干燥，劈接后等待嫁接处完全愈合即可，
4)育苗：用薄膜将嫁接好的茄苗扣好，保持温度25-28摄氏度，空气湿度75-95％；
5)移栽：将嫁接好的双根苗移栽至大田，培育15天以后，砧木与接穗伤口愈合，从嫁接口剪断接穗根部，只留砧木的根，完成嫁接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高产优质防病害防重茬茄子嫁接移栽方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3)嫁接中劈接方式为：
在砧木苗土面以上5-8公分处用锋利的刀片将砧木削成锲形，长度6-8mm，并于接穗的茄子苗在子叶上方60-80mm处用刀片自下而上切斜口，斜口长度6-8mm最深处不超过茎粗的二分之一，之后将砧木的锲形端部插入接穗的斜口中，皮层对齐，用透明胶带包扎2-3圈固定接口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高产优质防病害防重茬茄子嫁接移栽方法，其特征在于：
所述步骤3)还包括喷洒嫁接愈合剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高产优质防病害防重茬茄子嫁接移栽方法，其特征在于：
所述嫁接愈合剂其原料组成按照质量份数如下：
仙人掌汁5-7份，芦荟汁5-7份，野菊花3-5份，三七4-7份，赤霉素0.1-0.5份，阿司匹林0.2-0.5份，聚乙烯醇0.1-0.3份，蒲公英3-6份，水100-200份；
将上述组份混合均匀，充分溶解后即得所述嫁接愈合剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高产优质防病害防重茬茄子嫁接移栽方法，其特征在于：
所述嫁接愈合剂每日喷涂一次，至嫁接处完全愈合为止。
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