CN109596175B - Wind power tower cylinder slope and rock on-line monitoring system - Google Patents
Wind power tower cylinder slope and rock on-line monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an online monitoring system for the inclination and the shaking of a wind power tower cylinder, which comprises a processor, a display, a collector, an inclination angle sensor positioned on a tower foundation, at least one inclination angle sensor positioned on the tower cylinder, an inclination angle sensor positioned on a tower cabin and at least one acceleration sensor positioned on the tower cabin, wherein the inclination angle sensor and the acceleration sensor are connected with the collector through cables; the processor is used for calculating a real-time characteristic value according to the angle data and the acceleration data, storing the real-time characteristic value in the memory, giving an alarm when the real-time characteristic value is greater than or equal to a corresponding threshold, and realizing an early warning function by using a weighted average model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind power tower drum online monitoring, in particular to a wind power tower drum inclination and shaking online monitoring system.
Background
The wind tower is one of important stressed components of the wind power generation device. The normal working state of the wind power tower barrel is the basic guarantee of the normal power generation of the wind generating set. The problems of inclination, vibration and the like of the wind power tower often cause serious accidents of collapse, breakage and the like of the tower if the problems exceed a certain degree, and the safety of personnel is affected, so that great financial loss is caused.
However, some existing methods and systems for monitoring the tower drum state do not meet the requirements of tower drum monitoring, and the systems and methods are time-consuming, labor-consuming, low in monitoring accuracy and the like. Therefore, a novel system and a novel method are needed for monitoring the state of the tower drum in real time and reducing the occurrence of safety accidents of the tower drum.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an online monitoring system for the inclination and the shaking of a wind power tower, which comprises a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit; the data acquisition unit comprises an acquisition device, an inclination angle sensor positioned on a tower footing, at least one inclination angle sensor positioned on a tower barrel, an inclination angle sensor positioned on a tower cabin and at least one acceleration sensor positioned on the tower cabin, wherein the acquisition device is positioned at any position in the tower, and the inclination angle sensor and the acceleration sensor are connected with the acquisition device through cables; the data processing unit at least comprises a processor and a memory; the collector is used for collecting angle data of all the inclination sensors and acceleration data of all the acceleration sensors and sending the angle data and the acceleration data to the processor; the processor is used for calculating a real-time characteristic value according to the angle data and the acceleration data and storing the real-time characteristic value in the memory, wherein the real-time characteristic value comprises a real-time tower footing inclination coefficient and a tower barrel shaking value; the processor extracts historical data from the memory, calculates the average value of the tower barrel shaking values of the tower barrels in different wind speed intervals according to the real-time historical data, takes 1.5-3 times of the average value as an alarm threshold of the tower barrel shaking values, and stores the alarm threshold in the memory, wherein the historical data at least comprises the tower barrel shaking values in a period of time and wind speeds corresponding to the tower barrel shaking values in the period of time; and when any one of a first condition or a second condition is met, the processor gives an alarm, wherein the first condition is that the tower barrel shaking value is greater than or equal to an alarm threshold of the tower barrel shaking value, and the second condition is that the real-time tower footing inclination coefficient is greater than or equal to the alarm threshold of the real-time tower footing inclination coefficient stored in the memory in advance.
Preferably, the processor is further configured to determine the relationship between the model coefficient and the tower footing sedimentation coefficient and the time by using a weighted average model by retrieving the tower footing sedimentation coefficient from the memory, and the processor automatically issues an alarm according to the weighted average model when the tower footing sedimentation coefficient at a certain moment in the prediction time is greater than or equal to an alarm threshold at the moment.
Preferably, the online wind power tower inclination and shaking monitoring system further comprises a display, and the display is used for displaying the real-time characteristic value.
Further preferably, the display is also used for displaying historical characteristic values and providing a historical data query function.
Preferably, when the output signal of the tilt sensor or the acceleration sensor is an analog signal, the acquisition unit further includes an analog-to-digital converter, and the analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal into a digital signal.
Preferably, the collector has the function of converting a multi-channel RS-485 or RS-232 interface into a network interface.
Preferably, the output interface of the tilt sensor is RS-485 or RS-232, and the precision is higher than 0.02 degrees.
Preferably, the lowest frequency of the frequency measurement range of the acceleration sensor is 0.1 Hz.
Preferably, the collector is model ZQWL-EthRS-H4.
Preferably, the tilt sensor is of the type BWM826, BWH520 or AI S2000.
Preferably, the acceleration sensor is of the type WT135-1D or CAYD 149V-500G.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the system has the functions of collecting real-time data of the sensor, processing the data, storing the data and transmitting the data; the tower footing inclination coefficient and the tower barrel shaking displacement of the tower barrel can be calculated through the acquired data of the sensor; the system analyzes the collected big data of the wind tower, extracts the alarm threshold of the characteristic value, has a real-time alarm function, and realizes the function of alarming in advance through an alarm prediction model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation installation diagram of a sensor in a wind turbine tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a sensor installation of an online wind tower inclination and oscillation monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of a tower of an online wind power tower inclination and sway monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a frame diagram of an online wind turbine tower inclination and sway monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides an online monitoring system for inclination and sway of a wind turbine tower, including a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit.
The input acquisition unit comprises a collector 30, an inclination angle sensor group 10 and an acceleration sensor group 20, and specifically comprises 1 collector, 1 inclination angle sensor located at the tower footing, at least 1 inclination angle sensor located at the tower barrel, 1 inclination angle sensor located at the tower cabin and at least 1 acceleration sensor located at the tower cabin. Wherein the collector can be located anywhere within the tower.
The tilt angle sensor and the acceleration sensor are connected to the collector through cables, on one hand, data collected by the tilt angle sensor and the acceleration sensor need to be sent to the processor 40 through the collector to be calculated, on the other hand, the collector 30 controls time errors of data collected by the sensors, and the time errors are guaranteed to be within a reasonable range.
Whether the inclination angle sensor or the acceleration sensor is used, due to different models, the output quantity after data acquisition is possible to be a digital signal or an analog signal, if the output quantity is the digital signal, the digital signal can be directly sent to the collector, but if the output quantity is the analog signal, an analog-to-digital converter is required to be added to convert the analog signal output by the sensor into the digital signal, and then the digital signal is sent to the collector.
In one example, the collector may be ZQWL-EthRS-H4 from Intelligent Association.
In one example, the tilt sensor may be a BWM826 in North microsensor technology.
In one example, the tilt sensor may be BWH520 of north microsensor technology.
In one example, the tilt sensor may be selected from AIS2000 by the company no-tin comet information technology limited.
In one example, the acceleration sensor may be selected from WT135-1D of CTC corporation.
In one example, the acceleration sensor may be selected from the CAYD149V-500G available from Niell corporation.
In one example, the collector has a multi-path RS-485 or RS-232 interface switching function.
In one example, the output interface of the tilt sensor is RS-485 or RS-232 with an accuracy of higher than 0.02.
In one example, the lowest frequency of the frequency measurement range of the acceleration sensor is 0.1 Hz.
The type of the inclination angle sensors in the embodiment of the invention is mainly determined by monitoring accuracy, the inclination angle sensors are used for monitoring the inclination of the tower drum and the displacement of the top end of the tower drum caused by the deformation of the tower drum and the shaking caused by the action of external force, and the number and the type of the inclination angle sensors can be changed according to design requirements. The greater the number of tilt sensors, the more accurate the measurement results.
The model of the acceleration sensors is determined by the measurement accuracy of the tower drum, the acceleration sensors are used for monitoring the current shaking period of the tower drum, and the number and the model of the acceleration sensors can be changed according to design requirements.
In one example, the sensor is a dual axis tilt sensor, with the dual axis directions being the X direction and the Y direction, which are in a plane and perpendicular to each other.
The sensor is installed on the vertical plane of the tower as shown in fig. 2, and the center line of the sensor in the x direction or the center line of the sensor in the y direction is aligned with any position of the center of the tower axis.
The data processing unit comprises at least a processor 40 and a memory 50.
The working principle is described below
The real-time tower foundation tilt factor is only associated with the tilt sensor located at the tower foundation.
The real-time tower footing inclination coefficient is calculated by the following formula:
wherein alpha isxAnd alphayAre respectively provided withThe included angle between the tilt angle sensor on the tower footing in the x direction and the y direction and the horizontal plane. The tilt coefficient is stored in the database as a characteristic value.
It should be understood that any function positively correlated with γ can be used instead of the degamma calculation without affecting the final result.
The real-time displacement is related to all the inclination angle sensors, a total of N inclination angle sensors are assumed, the 1 st inclination angle sensor and the 2 nd inclination angle sensor are arranged from bottom to top in sequence, the Nth inclination angle sensor is arranged, a horizontal plane for mounting the N-th inclination angle sensor is intersected with the central axis of the tower drum at a point p, and the included angle of the central axis of the tower drum at the point p and the vertical direction is thetanWherein N is 1, 2.
A geometrically simplified model of bending during tower barrel shaking is shown in FIG. 3, which can be simplified as a hollow circular cantilever beam, and according to material mechanics, the displacement of the model in the horizontal direction with a Sn sensor as the center is, and the displacement of the nth tilt sensor is
Wherein Hn-1Is the height difference between the (n-1) th tilt sensor and the nth tilt sensor.
LnThe horizontal displacement in the x direction is as follows:
Lnx＝Lncos(θn)tan(anx)
Lnthe horizontal displacement in the y-direction is:
Lny＝Lncos(θn)tan(any)
wherein, anxThe inclination angle of the nth inclination angle sensor in the x-axis direction with respect to the horizontal plane, anyThe inclination angle of the nth inclination angle sensor in the y-axis direction with the horizontal plane
Finally, the real-time displacement of the tower is:
wherein N is 1,2, 3.
Hn-1Are all input into memory in advance, θnCan be measured or can be measured through anxAnd anyIs calculated to obtain thetanAnd, anx、anyIs as follows
This formula applies to each tilt sensor.
Illustratively, in fig. 1, the tower base has 1 tilt angle sensor 101, the tower has 2 tilt angle sensors, i.e., a tilt angle sensor 102 and a tilt angle sensor 103, the tower cabin has 1 tilt angle sensor 104 and 1 acceleration sensor 105, and the north direction and the east direction are x direction and the north direction are y direction on the horizontal plane as defined in fig. 2. Since the real-time tower foundation tilt coefficient is only associated with the tilt sensor located at the tower foundation, in fig. 1, the real-time tower foundation tilt coefficient is:
wherein alpha is1xAnd alpha1yThe included angles of the tilt angle sensor 101 on the tower base in the x direction and the y direction with the horizontal plane are respectively.
The displacement of the sensor 101 is:
the displacement of the sensor 102 is:
the displacement of the sensor 103 is:
the displacement of the sensor 104 is:
real-time displacement of the tower is
It should be understood that the number of tilt sensors and the number of acceleration sensors may vary according to design requirements.
The acceleration of the acceleration sensor is processed, the current shaking period T of the tower is obtained through calculation,
wherein, gnThe FFT is a fast fourier transform for the output value of the acceleration sensor.
Maximum value L of L in period TmaxAnd the value of the tower barrel shaking is obtained.
The tower barrel sloshing value LmaxAs a characteristic value stored in a database.
The working process is as follows:
the collector 30 receives the angle data of all the inclination sensor groups 10 and all the acceleration sensor groups 20And sent to the processor 40, where the angle data includes at least anxAnd anyHere, the acceleration data includes a measured acceleration.
Based on the angle data and the acceleration data, the processor 40 calculates real-time characteristic values, including real-time tower footing tilt coefficients and tower oscillation values, and stores the real-time characteristic values in the memory 50, according to the aforementioned formula.
The processor 40 calculates an alarm threshold for the tower oscillation value. The processor 40 extracts historical data of the tower barrel shaking value from the database in the memory, calculates an average value of the tower barrel shaking values of the tower barrels in different wind speed intervals according to the historical data of the tower barrel shaking value and the historical data of the wind speed in a period of time, and then takes 1.5-3 times of the average value as an alarm threshold of the tower barrel shaking value. And the alarm threshold of the real-time tower footing tilt coefficient is input into the memory 50 in advance.
The processor 40 compares the alarm threshold with the real-time characteristic value and issues an alarm signal when the real-time characteristic value is greater than or equal to the alarm threshold. The real-time characteristic values comprise a real-time tower footing inclination coefficient and a tower barrel shaking value, and any one of the two real-time characteristic values is larger than or equal to an alarm threshold to give an alarm.
In one example, the processor 40 is further configured to predict an alarm: the processor 40 extracts from the memory 50 the tower footing coefficient of settlement and historical data of wind speed over time, and determines model coefficients using a weighted average model, which is as follows:
VT’A＝R
wherein:
V＝[v1,v2,...,vn]the wind speed during this time;
T＝[t1,t2,...,tn]the time interval in the period of time;
t' is the transposition of T;
A＝[a1,a2,...,an]is the model coefficient;
R＝[γ1,γ2,...,γn]the coefficient of sedimentation of the column foundation during this time, γ1、γ2、...、γnThe tower footing inclination coefficients at different moments are obtained;
the coefficient of the model is calculated, and according to the model, when the tower footing settlement coefficient at a certain moment in the prediction time is greater than or equal to the alarm threshold, the processor 40 automatically gives an alarm to inform the staff to take remedial measures in time, so that the purpose of predicting the alarm is realized, wherein the alarm threshold and the alarm threshold of the real-time tower footing inclination coefficient which is input into the memory in advance are the same value.
In one example, the alarm threshold for the real-time tower footing coefficient of tilt is 0.01-0.05.
In one example, the online wind power tower inclination and sway monitoring system further comprises a display 60, the real-time characteristic value is displayed through the accumulation scatter diagram and the real-time compass diagram, and the inclination condition of the current tower can be visually observed, so that good judgment is made, and the purpose of monitoring the tower state in real time is achieved.
In one example, the display 60 may also display historical trends of the characteristic values, comparative displays of the characteristic value data over different time periods, and provide a historical data query function.
The above embodiments are provided to further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail, it should be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An online monitoring system for inclination and shaking of a wind power tower is characterized by comprising a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit;
the data acquisition unit comprises an acquisition device, an inclination angle sensor positioned on a tower foundation, at least one inclination angle sensor positioned on a tower barrel, an inclination angle sensor positioned on a tower cabin and at least one acceleration sensor positioned on the tower cabin, wherein the acquisition device is positioned at any position in the tower, and the inclination angle sensor and the acceleration sensor are connected with the acquisition device through cables;
the data processing unit comprises at least a processor and a memory;
the collector is used for collecting angle data of all the inclination sensors and acceleration data of all the acceleration sensors and sending the angle data and the acceleration data to the processor;
the processor is used for calculating a real-time characteristic value according to the angle data and the acceleration data, and storing the real-time characteristic value in the memory, wherein the real-time characteristic value comprises a real-time tower footing inclination coefficient and a tower barrel shaking value, and the real-time tower footing inclination coefficient is as follows:
wherein alpha is1xAnd alpha1yThe included angles between the tilt angle sensors positioned on the tower footing in the x direction and the y direction and the horizontal plane are respectively;
the tower barrel shaking value is the maximum value L of the real-time displacement L of the tower cabin in the period Tmax，
The real-time displacement L is calculated as follows:
the angle between the horizontal plane on which the nth tilt angle sensor is installed and the central axis of the tower barrel is in a p point, and the included angle between the central axis of the tower barrel in the p point and the vertical direction is thetanWherein N is 1, 2.., N;
the displacement of the nth tilt sensor is
Wherein Hn-1Is the height difference between the (n-1) th inclination angle sensor and the nth inclination angle sensor;
Lnthe horizontal displacement in the x direction is as follows:
Lnx＝Lncos(θn)tan(anx)
Lnthe horizontal displacement in the y-direction is:
Lny＝Lncos(θn)tan(any)
wherein, anxThe inclination angle of the nth inclination angle sensor in the x-axis direction with respect to the horizontal plane, anyThe inclination angle of the nth inclination angle sensor in the y-axis direction with the horizontal plane
Finally, the real-time displacement of the tower is:
wherein N is 1,2, 3., N-1, N;
Hn-1pre-stored in a memory;
the processor extracts historical data from the memory, calculates an average value of tower barrel shaking values of a tower barrel in different wind speed intervals according to real-time historical data, takes 1.5-3 times of the average value as an alarm threshold of the tower barrel shaking values, and stores the alarm threshold in the memory, wherein the historical data at least comprises the tower barrel shaking values in a period of time and wind speeds corresponding to the tower barrel shaking values in the period of time;
when any one of a first condition or a second condition is met, the processor gives an alarm, wherein the first condition is that a tower barrel shaking value is greater than or equal to an alarm threshold of the tower barrel shaking value, and the second condition is that the real-time tower footing inclination coefficient is greater than or equal to the alarm threshold of the real-time tower footing inclination coefficient pre-stored in the memory;
the processor is further configured to determine a relationship between the model coefficient and the tower footing sedimentation coefficient and time by taking the tower footing sedimentation coefficient out of the memory and using a weighted average model, and automatically issue an alarm according to the weighted average model when the tower footing sedimentation coefficient at a certain moment in the prediction time is greater than or equal to an alarm threshold at the moment, wherein the model is as follows:
VT’A＝R
wherein:
V＝[v1,v2,...,vn]the wind speed during this time;
T＝[t1,t2,...,tn]the time interval in the period of time;
t' is the transposition of T;
A＝[a1,a2,...,an]is the model coefficient;
R＝[γ1,γ2,...,γn]the coefficient of sedimentation of the column foundation during this time, γ1、γ2、...、γnThe tower foundation inclination coefficients at different time instants.
2. The online wind tower inclination and oscillation monitoring system according to claim 1, further comprising a display for displaying the real-time characteristic values.
3. The online wind tower inclination and oscillation monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein the display is further configured to display historical characteristic values and provide a historical data query function.
4. The online wind tower inclination and shake monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the output signal of the tilt sensor or the acceleration sensor is an analog signal, the acquisition unit further comprises an analog-to-digital converter, and the analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal into a digital signal.
5. The wind tower inclination and oscillation online monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the collector has a function of switching from a multi-channel RS-485 or RS-232 interface to a network port.
6. The online wind tower inclination and oscillation monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein an output interface of the tilt angle sensor is RS-485 or RS-232, and the accuracy is higher than 0.02 °.
7. The wind tower inclination and oscillation online monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the lowest frequency of the frequency measurement range of the acceleration sensor is 0.1 Hz.
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