CN102589512A - Method, device and system for measuring skew deformation amount of tower of wind generating set - Google Patents
Method, device and system for measuring skew deformation amount of tower of wind generating set Download PDFInfo
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- CN102589512A CN102589512A CN2011104585735A CN201110458573A CN102589512A CN 102589512 A CN102589512 A CN 102589512A CN 2011104585735 A CN2011104585735 A CN 2011104585735A CN 201110458573 A CN201110458573 A CN 201110458573A CN 102589512 A CN102589512 A CN 102589512A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method, a device and a system for measuring the skew deformation amount of a tower of a wind generating set. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring a skew angle which is measured by a skew sensor and an acceleration which is measured by an acceleration sensor on the tower; according to the skew angle and the acceleration, which are measured, acquiring the static deformation amount, quasi-static deformation amount and dynamic deformation amount of the tower; according to the static deformation amount, quasi-static deformation amount and dynamic deformation amount of the tower, determining a skew deformation equation of the tower, wherein the skew deformation equation comprises a static and quasi-static deformation equation and a dynamic deformation equation; and according to the skew deformation equation of the tower, determining a skew deformation curve of the tower. By adoption of the technical scheme, a nonlinear deformation curve of the tower can be obtained, and accuracy in measurement of the skew deformation amount of the tower is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube measuring technique, relate in particular to a kind of wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method, device and system.
Background technology
The tower tube is the load-supporting part in the wind power generating set, is bearing load complicated and changeable such as thrust, moment of flexure and torque load, makes that distortion such as waving of certain amplitude and distortion can appear in the tower tube in the wind power generating set operational process; In addition, the tower tube also can receive the influence of factors such as material deformation, parts inefficacy and settlement of foundation, produces.The excessive inclination and distortion of tower tube can influence the normal operation of wind power generating set, and serious also can produce security incident, therefore, need measure in real time the inclination and distortion of tower tube.
At present, when the tower tube being carried out the inclination and distortion measurement, a plurality of GPS receivers are installed on the tower tube normally; Draw the inclination and distortion curve that obtains the tower tube according to gps measurement data; This mode cost is higher, and when calculating the distortion of tower tube, does not consider the characteristics of the nonlinear deformation of tower tube; Normally be out of shape the deflection that calculates the tower tube based on single inclination angle and rigid body, the deformation curve that causes calculating the tower tube is inaccurate.Fig. 1 is the existing tower tube deformation curve figure that obtains when the tower tube is out of shape that calculates.As shown in Figure 1; Curve when curve A 1 expression tower tube does not deform; The linear deformation curve that the tower tube that curve A 2 obtains according to gps measurement data for prior art is out of shape; And the deformation curve that the tower tube produces maybe be shown in curve A among Fig. 13 the nonlinear deformation curve, like this, the deformation curve of the existing tower tube that obtains according to gps measurement data will become inaccurate.In addition; Also have in the prior art through a plurality of inclination sensors are set on the tower tube inclination and distortion of tower tube is measured; The deformation curve of the tower tube that it measures is still the linear deformation curve, but not the true strain curve of tower tube causes measurement result inaccurate.
To sum up, when existing GPS of employing or inclination sensor are measured tower tube inclination and distortion, do not consider the influence of the nonlinear deformation of tower tube, cause tower tube deformation measurement result inaccurate; And cost is high when adopting GPS to measure.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method, device and system, and the tower tube inclination and distortion measurement result that can effectively overcome the prior art existence is inaccurate, and adopts GPS to measure the cost problem of higher.
The present invention provides a kind of wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method; The inclination and distortion that is used for the tower tube is measured; At least one height and position on the said tower tube is provided with inclination acceleration sensor group, and said tilt acceleration sensor groups comprises inclination sensor and the acceleration transducer that cooperates with inclination sensor; Said method comprises:
Obtain the tower tube pitch angle that sensor measurement obtains that tilts, and the acceleration that measures of acceleration transducer;
Based on inclination angle that measures and acceleration; Obtain static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of said tower tube; And confirm the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube based on static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of said tower tube, said inclination and distortion equation comprises static quasistatic deformation equation and dynamic deformation equation;
According to the inclination and distortion equation of said tower tube, confirm the inclination and distortion curve of said tower tube.
The present invention provides a kind of wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism; The inclination and distortion that is used for the tower tube is measured; At least one height and position on the said tower tube is provided with inclination acceleration sensor group, and said tilt acceleration sensor groups comprises inclination sensor and the acceleration transducer that cooperates with inclination sensor; Said device comprises:
Data acquisition module is used to obtain the tower tube pitch angle that sensor measurement obtains that tilts, and the acceleration that measures of acceleration transducer;
The The deformation calculation module; Be used for according to the pitch angle and the acceleration that measure; Obtain static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of said tower tube; And confirm the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube according to static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of said tower tube, said inclination and distortion equation comprises static quasistatic deformation equation and dynamic deformation equation;
The curve acquisition module is used for the inclination and distortion equation according to said tower tube, confirms the inclination and distortion curve of said tower tube.
The present invention provides a kind of wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring system, comprising:
Data collector is included in the inclination acceleration sensor group that at least one height and position on the tower tube is provided with, and said tilt acceleration sensor groups comprises inclination sensor and the acceleration transducer that cooperates with inclination sensor;
Deformation measuring device is connected with said data collector, requires the arbitrary described wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism of 8-11 for adopting aforesaid right.
Wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method provided by the invention, device and system; Through inclination sensor and acceleration transducer are set, thereby can obtain the nonlinear deformation curve of tower tube according to the measured value of inclination sensor and acceleration transducer on the tower tube; The non-sex change deformation curve of the tower tube that obtains has embodied the nonlinear deformation of the reality of tower tube; Make the deformation curve of the tower tube that measures more accurate, and adopt GPS to measure with respect to tradition, cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the existing tower tube deformation curve figure that obtains when the tower tube is out of shape that calculates;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of tower tube in the embodiment of the invention;
The wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method schematic flow sheet that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 4 is the mounting structure synoptic diagram of A place tilt acceleration sensor groups among Fig. 2;
The wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism structural representation that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the invention two;
The wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism structural representation that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the invention three;
The wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring system structural representation that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the invention four.
Embodiment
Measure inaccurate problem for the tower tube inclination and distortion that overcomes the prior art existence, the present invention provides a kind of tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method, can obtain the non-sex change curve of tower tube, makes that tower tube deformation measurement is more accurate.Understand for ease of technical scheme of the present invention being had better, at first will principle and the implementation procedure of in the embodiment of the invention tower tube inclination and distortion being measured be described below.
The inventor is carrying out on the analysis foundation the situation such as stressed under the tower tube field environment, through setting up mathematical model the actual nonlinear deformation of tower tube is calculated, thereby can obtain the nonlinear deformation curve of tower tube.Particularly, in the present embodiment, inventor's wind load that the tower tube is suffered is divided into three parts; Be respectively static wind load, quasi-static wind load (being that wind speed changes wind load slowly) and the wind load that changes fast; Accordingly, the inventor is the distortion of tower tube, can resolve into above-mentioned different wind loads under the stack of distortion; Be about to the distortion of tower tube and be decomposed into static deformation, quasistatic distortion and dynamic deformation three parts, this three parts distortion stack just can obtain the distortion of tower tube.Through above analysis; Can find out; As long as confirming the tower tube in the static deformation amount static wind load under, at the ground quasistatic deflection quasistatic wind load under, in the quick dynamic deformation amount that changes under the wind load, just can confirm the deformation equation of tower tube, and then obtain the deformation curve of tower tube.
In the present embodiment; The static deformation and the quasistatic distortion of tower tube are embodied through static quasistatic deformation equation; The dynamic deformation of tower tube then can embody through the dynamic deformation equation, and wherein, following described deformation equation all is the horizontal distortion explanations with tower tube upper edge overhead bin direction; It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the identical deformation equation that has on other other directions of tower tube.Inclination and distortion equation in the face of the tower tube describes as follows down:
(1) static quasistatic deformation equation is:
X
s(h，t)＝(m+nΔt)h
r，(Δt＝t-t0)。
Wherein, h is the position height of tower tube, and for being positioned at the interval value of 0-H, H is the true altitude value of tower tube; T is a time coordinate; Δ t is the relative time coordinate, be constantly t with respect to nearest one measuring period initial time t0 time increment, i.e. Δ t=t-t
0M is the static deformation coefficient, is by wind load amplitude and the determined parameter amount of distribution, aerodynamics and tower barrel structure thereof; The n static deformation coefficient that is as the criterion is the speed that changed at a slow speed by wind load and the parameter amount of tower barrel structure decision; R is the static deformation index, also is by wind load amplitude and the determined parameter amount of distribution, aerodynamics and tower barrel structure thereof.But it has been generally acknowledged that when the wind load regularity of distribution was known, r received the influence of wind load amplitude less, promptly can be assumed to be constant.This r can calculate through the tower tube is carried out the mechanics of materials; Also can calculate through Finite Element Method and carry out parameter fitting after the deformation curve and obtain, its span is usually between 2.5-3.5, in the practical application; Also can through being found the solution mode, equation obtain with it as variable.
In this static state quasistatic deformation equation, the size of m, n is relevant with wind load, can be used as the static quasistatic deflection of tower tube distortion, and wherein m is the static deformation amount, and n is the dynamic deformation amount; M, n change along with wind load and can change, but for not long Duan Eryan continuous time, m, n can regard constant amount as, therefore, in a measuring period, can determine the value of m, n, and can pass through equation X
s(h t) representes that the tower tube highly is being h, t static quasistatic deflection constantly.
(2) the dynamic deformation equation is:
X
d(h，t)＝ch
scos(ωΔt+φ)，(Δt＝t-t0)。
Wherein, c is the dynamic deformation coefficient, is by the determined parameter amount of wind load fluctuating range, aerodynamics and tower barrel structure; ω is a vibration frequency, is by the determined parameter amount of the factors such as rotational frequency of wind load vibration frequency, blade, and single order free-running frequency common and the tower tube is comparatively approaching; φ is the vibration phase angle; S is the dynamic deformation index, is by the determined parameter amount of factors such as quick live load; Described in the static quasistatic deformation equation of the definition before of t and Δ t.Usually s receives the influence of wind load and wind load fluctuating range less; Can obtain through tower tube single order mode curve is carried out match; Also can carry out match and obtain through choosing deformation curve under different wind load fluctuating range values and the vibration frequency; Promptly through equation solution is obtained, value is between 2.5-3.5 usually.
In this dynamic deformation curve, ω, s, c are relevant with wind load, can be used as the dynamic deformation variable of tower tube distortion; This dynamic deformation amount is different under different wind loads, but for one continuous time Duan Eryan, they can regard constant amount as; Therefore; In a measuring period, determine parameter ω, s, c and φ after, just can pass through equation X
d(h t) representes that the tower tube highly is being h, t dynamic deformation amount constantly.
Through with above-mentioned static quasistatic deformation equation and the stack of dynamic deformation equation, just can obtain the deformation equation of tower tube: X (h, t)=(m+n Δ t) h
r+ ch
sCos (ω Δ t+ φ), (Δ t=t-t0), further, this equation also can be expressed as: X (h, t)=(m+nt-nt0) h
r+ ch
sCos (ω t-ω t0+ φ), wherein, the value of m, n and φ depends on choosing of the t0 moment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that through to equation X (h t) carries out twice time differentiate, just can obtain the acceleration of position on the tower tube and the acceleration equation between the tower tube height:
Wherein,
expression tower tube height h is in t acceleration constantly.Notice and select t0 constantly can simplify above-mentioned formula rightly: if order is installed in the acceleration transducer measured value at height h place; Promptly
to reach for 0 the moment be t0; Promptly this moment Δ t=0; φ=pi/2, then the acceleration equation can be reduced to
(Δ t=t-t0); If the moment that makes the acceleration transducer measured value
that is installed in height h place reach crest is t0; Promptly this moment Δ t=0; φ=0, then the acceleration equation can be reduced to
(Δ t=t-t0).Adopt back one hypothesis in the present embodiment.In the actual motion, also can the acceleration transducer of a plurality of differing heights be reached simultaneously the zero hour of the moment of maximal value (or null value) as measuring period.Therefore deformation equation can further be reduced to:
X(h，t)＝(m+nΔt)h
r+ch
scos(ωΔt)，(Δt＝t-t0)；
Perhaps, X (h, t)=(m+nt-nt0) h
r+ ch
sCos (ω t-ω t0).
Wherein, this equation just be meant begin constantly with t0 one section measuring period the tower tube the inclination and distortion equation, promptly in this measuring period, the static deformation of tower tube is mh
r, quasistatic distortion n Δ th
r, dynamic deformation is ch
sCos ω Δ t.
In a measuring period, only require to separate to obtain X (h, parametric variable m, n, c, ω, r and s in t); Just can confirm the deformation curve equation of tower tube in this measuring period; And can come out through computer drawing, offer wind-powered electricity generation unit monitor staff, handle accordingly according to this deformation curve by the monitor staff; For example can determine whether the wind-powered electricity generation unit is made the shutdown decision, perhaps change the angle of blade in the wind-powered electricity generation unit according to the deformation curve of the tower tube that obtains.
Because the deformation curve of tower tube is a consecutive curve, therefore, for the pitch angle at tower tube differing heights place, can satisfy following equation again:
Can find out, when an acceleration transducer and an inclination sensor being installed, can obtain following equality at height h1 place:
Tan α (h, t)=(m+n Δ t) rh
R-1+ csh
S-1Cos ω Δ t, wherein Δ t=t-t0.
Therefore, with respect to a measuring period that begins constantly with t0, get three different moment t1 if choose wantonly; T2, t3, each constantly all can set up above-mentioned 2 equalities according to measurement value sensor; Promptly therefore 6 equalities can solve 6 known variables m, n, c, ω, r and s.Need to prove that the value of static quasistatic deflection m, n depends on r, thus m, n, r separate not unique.Address this problem and can adopt following arbitrary mode:
(1) rule of thumb or experimental data specify the r value in advance;
(2) suppose that r and s satisfy certain corresponding relation, for example r can generally can suppose r=k s through the acquisition of tabling look-up, and k is undetermined constant, for example k=0.8;
(3) at the arbitrary height place that is different from h1 an obliquity sensor is installed again.
Can find out; In zero hour of confirming a measuring period behind the t0, as long as obtain the tower tube at the acceleration and the pitch angle at differing heights place, and the measured value at acceleration and pitch angle is abundant; Just can the above-mentioned equation of substitution; Obtain tower tube inclination and distortion equation X (h, each parametric variable in t), and then determine the deformation equation of tower tube through equation solution.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that; Also can adopt a plurality of inclination sensors and acceleration transducer to measure; To obtain higher computational accuracy and robustness; For example; Can find out that by
acceleration of tower tube is relevant with ω, c and s, and as long as obtain the acceleration peak value of three diverse location height of tower tube, and substitution acceleration equation just can be found the solution and obtained parametric variable ω, c and s at synchronization.Therefore in practical application, can dispose more sensor as required.Technical application scheme of the present invention is just through being provided with inclination sensor and acceleration transducer on the tower tube, and according to acceleration that measures and pitch angle, confirms each parametric variable in the above-mentioned tower tube inclination and distortion equation, obtains the deformation curve of tower tube.Need to prove that because m, n, c in the tower tube inclination and distortion equation are the amounts that changes along with wind load, r, s, ω be wind-engaging load influence to a certain extent also; Therefore; The deformation equation of tower tube is to change along with the variation of wind load, and promptly in different measuring periods, each parametric variable possibly be different; Therefore in the different measuring cycle, the deformation equation of resulting tower tube also is different.And for the wind load in a bit of time; For example 1 second, 1 minute, perhaps 10 minutes, can suppose that wind load is metastable, corresponding tower tube inclination and distortion equation X (h; T) value of parametric variable m, n, c, ω, r and s in also is relatively-stationary; Promptly in a measuring period, (h, the parameter amount in t) is constant to tower tube inclination and distortion equation X.Inclination and distortion to the tower tube in the present embodiment is measured, and just is meant in a measuring period, to calculate to obtain above-mentioned parameter, and then calculates tower tube deformation curve.In the practical application; Can be with being set at a fixed value this measuring period, the acceleration change amplitude that also can measure according to acceleration transducer determines whether to recomputate each parametric variable in the deformation equation of tower tube; For example; When acceleration change is big in the continuous time section, can confirm that wind load changes, just can recomputate each parametric variable in the deformation equation of tower tube.
To sum up can find out; When the inclination and distortion of tower tube is measured; Can be through inclination sensor and acceleration transducer be set on the tower tube; And can confirm static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of tower tube, thereby can confirm static quasistatic deformation equation, the dynamic deformation equation of tower tube according to acceleration that measures and pitch angle; The stack of static quasistatic deformation equation and dynamic deformation equation just can be obtained the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube, and then according to the inclination and distortion curve of the inclination and distortion equation acquisition tower tube of this tower tube.
Particularly; The acceleration transducer and the inclination sensor that can the tower tube be provided with at least one pair of cooperation; Like this, just can measure the tower tube as follows: obtain the tower tube pitch angle that sensor measurement obtains that tilts, and the acceleration that measures of acceleration transducer; According to pitch angle that measures and acceleration, confirm static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of tower tube; According to static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and dynamic deformation amount, confirm the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube, this inclination and distortion equation comprises static quasistatic deformation equation and dynamic deformation equation; According to the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube, confirm the inclination and distortion curve of tower tube.Understand for ease of technical scheme of the present invention being had better, will make detailed explanation to technical scheme of the present invention with the example that has particular application as that tower tube inclination and distortion is measured below.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of tower tube in the embodiment of the invention.In the present embodiment, be deformation equation X (h, t)=(m+n Δ t) h that obtains the tower tube
r+ ch
sCos (ω Δ t+ φ), (Δ t=t-t0) can be provided with pair of angled sensor and acceleration transducer on the tower tube, and utilizes above-mentioned each equation of measured value substitution of inclination sensor and acceleration transducer, obtains m, n, c, ω, r and s in the hope of separating.Particularly; In the present embodiment; H1 height and position on tower tube 10 is provided with inclination acceleration sensor group 1, and wherein, tilt acceleration sensor groups 1 comprises inclination sensor 11 and the acceleration transducer 12 that cooperates with inclination sensor 11; This acceleration transducer 12 is arranged on the inclination sensor 11, perhaps also can be arranged on the position near this inclination sensor 11.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the practical application, also can come the above-mentioned acceleration transducer 12 of equivalence through the acceleration transducer that is installed in sustained height.
The wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method schematic flow sheet that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the invention one.Present embodiment method pair of angled sensor and the acceleration transducer that on the tower tube, is provided with capable of using realized the measurement to tower tube inclination and distortion, and particularly, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the present embodiment method can comprise the steps:
In the present embodiment, the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube is exactly the above-mentioned deformation equation X that provides (h, t)=(m+n Δ t) h
r+ ch
sCos (ω Δ t+ φ); (Δ t=t-t0); This deformation equation comprises static quasistatic deformation equation and dynamic deformation equation, through obtaining at the acceleration of tower tube h1 height and the measured value of inclination sensor, can find the solution the static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount that obtain tower tube in this equation; And then obtain the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube, and can draw according to this inclination and distortion equation and obtain the inclination and distortion curve of tower tube in measuring period.
In the above-mentioned steps 101, obtain the measured value of tower tube at the acceleration transducer of h1 height and position, the moment that makes this acceleration transducer measured value reach crest is the t0 zero hour of a measuring period, and this moment is by the acceleration equation
Can know: t=t0, Δ t=0, φ=0, thus deformation equation X capable of using is (h, t)=(m+n Δ t) h
r+ ch
sCos (ω Δ t+ φ), (Δ t=t-t0) is as the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube.
In the above-mentioned steps 102-step 104, through obtain the tower tube at the acceleration transducer of h1 height and position and inclination sensor at 3 different measured values constantly, and will be corresponding to the acceleration difference substitution acceleration equation of 3 different t1, t2, t3 constantly
Obtain first system of equations, this equation comprises ω, c and three known variables of s; Will be corresponding to pitch angle difference substitution equation tan α (h, t)=(m+n Δ t) rh of 3 different t1, t2, t3 constantly
R-1+ csh
S-1Cos ω Δ t obtains second system of equations, this equation comprise unknown quantity m, n, c, ω,, r and s, simultaneous first system of equations and second system of equations obtain the general equation group; Have 6 equations, 6 variablees, promptly m, n, c, ω,, r and s; This r value can be given, for example can be 2.6, perhaps satisfies and specify constraint; Thereby can find the solution the value that the general equation group obtains variable m, n, c, ω, r and s, and substitution tower tube inclination and distortion equation X (h, t)=(m+n Δ t) h
r+ ch
sCos ω Δ t, and according to this equation X (h t) draws the deformation curve obtain the tower tube.
Those skilled in the art are further appreciated that in the above-mentioned steps 102-step 104, also can obtain more equation through obtaining different acceleration and the pitch angle that constantly measure more than 3, and can adopt method such as data fitting to calculate the parametric variable value.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the h in each equation is h1 in above-mentioned each equation that obtains, described t1, t2, t3 all are to be the initial moment with t0=0, for example 100ms, 500ms and 1s.In addition, the deformation curve of the above-mentioned tower tube that obtains is the tower tube inclination and distortion curve in a measuring period, changes as time passes, and this tower tube deformation curve is not changeless in a measuring period.In addition, because in the incipient stage of each measuring period, set up equation with the solving equation group needs certain hour, 1s for example, therefore at this section in the period, the acquisition of inclination and distortion curve will be a little later than the moment of practical distortion generation; But after the acquisition deformation parameter, the acquisition of inclination and distortion curve and demonstration are basic for carrying out in real time.In order further to improve real-time; Can when still carrying out a measuring period, begin the calculating of another measuring period; Two inclination and distortion curves that obtained can be simultaneously displayed on the computer screen; Therefore, for the monitor staff, the tower tube deformation curve that on computer screen, shows is the inclination and distortion situation that can real time reaction goes out the tower tube.
In the practical application; The deformation curve of tower tube is along with the variation of wind load; Also change, when each parameter is found the solution in to the deformation equation of tower tube, normally in a measuring period, carry out; Be that wind load changes in the less time cycle relatively, can obtain the deformation curve of the tower tube in this time cycle through above-mentioned steps 101-step 104.Because wind load is metastable usually in a period of time; Therefore in a certain measuring period, the deformation curve of the tower tube that obtains according to above-mentioned steps 101-step 103 also is accurately, can reflect the true strain curve of tower tube; So that wind-powered electricity generation unit monitor staff can be according to this deformation curve; Work to the wind-powered electricity generation unit is handled, and for example the adjustable blade angle is perhaps shut down etc.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that; Above-mentioned when obtaining the deformation curve of tower tube; Can obtain acceleration transducer and inclination sensor all measured values in a period of time on the tower tube in advance, and then, confirm the zero-time of measuring period according to this section all measured values in the time; And measuring period, thereby can obtain the deformation curve of tower tube in this measuring period according to above-mentioned steps 101-step 104.
In the present embodiment,, also can carry out the filtering noise reduction to the measurement data of each sensor in that tower tube distortion is carried out in the measuring process.Particularly; The single order free-running frequency of the tower tube of large-scale wind electricity unit between 0.3Hz-0.7Hz, receives general shock load at the tower tube usually, for example in the vibration mode of the fitful wind and the generation of stopping fast; The proportion of the first rank mode is about 80%-90%; Only receiving severe impact, for example when hurricane and earthquake, the ratio of other high order modes just can reach about 40%.And under the routine work state, the tower tube mainly is the wind load that receives continued jitters, and vibration mainly shows as the forced vibration that is lower than free-running frequency, therefore can carry out LPF to measurement data and disturb to reduce high frequency noise, to guarantee the accuracy of measurement data.
In addition; Cause the deformation curve of the tower tube that utilizes the acquisition of above-mentioned steps 101-step 104 inaccurate for avoiding the tower tube to receive severe impact, when the tower tube receives severe impact, can in time notify wind-powered electricity generation unit monitor staff simultaneously; Also can be through the measurement data of each sensor being carried out fast Fourier transform (Fast Fourier Transformation; FFT) and power spectrum calculate, whether reach predetermined threshold value with the energy proportion that detects the first rank mode, if do not reach predetermined threshold value; Then can judge the current severe impact generation that has, this predetermined threshold value can be the value between the 80%-90%.
In addition, when whether the tower tube being received severe impact judge, also can judge whether have severe impact to take place through amplitude thresholds to acceleration transducer with prediction.Particularly; Because the acceleration that acceleration transducer is measured is when the tower tube receives severe impact; Changes in amplitude is just bigger; Therefore the acceleration transducer measured value is judged that the acceleration amplitude that measures when acceleration transducer changes when surpassing preset amplitude, can judge that then the tower tube receives severe impact.
When judging that the tower tube receives severe impact such as hurricane, earthquake; Can in time send warning message; For example warning yellow is made processing such as shutdown to notify the monitor staff, simultaneously; The deformation curve that also can inform the tower tube that the monitor staff obtains at this moment possibly be inaccurate, so as the monitor staff can with this moment the tower tube that obtains deformation curve for reference only.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that; When the tower tube received severe impact, the deformation curve parameter of the tower tube that above-mentioned dependence step 101-step 104 measures will be unstable, therefore; When judging that according to said method the tower tube receives severe impact; Can send warning message to the monitor staff, receive severe impact to notify monitor staff's tower tube, so that the monitor staff deals with.
In the practical application; Because inclination sensor big city depends on the relativeness with the acceleration of gravity direction, therefore when inclination sensor this when carrying out acceleration movement, need compensate the inertial force of this inclination sensor; For this reason; For guaranteeing the accuracy of measurement data, can the measurement result of inclination sensor be compensated, and can carry out following compensation to the inclined angle alpha that inclination sensor measures by following pitch angle compensation equation:
Wherein, α is the pitch angle that inclination sensor measures, a
AccelerationBe the acceleration that the acceleration transducer that cooperates with inclination sensor measures, α
ActualBe the value after the inclined angle alpha that measures is compensated, g is the acceleration of gravity of tower tube site.
Therefore, in above-mentioned steps 102, can be at the pitch angle that difference measures constantly by above-mentioned pitch angle compensation equation; After the pitch angle that actual measurement is obtained compensates; After the value of being compensated again substitution equation tan α (h, t), with each deformation parameter variable of guaranteeing to obtain more accurately, reliable.
Fig. 4 is the mounting structure synoptic diagram of A place tilt acceleration sensor groups among Fig. 2.In the present embodiment; Above-mentioned inclination acceleration sensor group 1 specifically can be arranged on the joint flange 4 of two head tower tube sections of tower tube 10; Particularly, as shown in Figure 4, tilt acceleration sensor groups 1 can be installed on the flange 4 through stiff cantilevers beam 3; Like this, can be convenient to the installation of tilt acceleration sensor groups 1.
In the practical application; As shown in Figure 4; When tilt acceleration sensor 1 is installed, can on flange 4, adsorb permanent magnet 5, an end of stiff cantilevers beam 3 can be fixed on the permanent magnet 5 through modes such as bolts; Inclination acceleration sensor group 1 is installed in the other end of stiff cantilevers beam 3, thereby can realize the installation of tilt acceleration sensor groups 1.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that; Also can adopt other modes to realize in the practical application to the installation of inclination sensor and acceleration transducer and fixing; For example; Can come the single acceleration transducer in the equivalent tilt acceleration sensor groups with several acceleration transducers that is installed in sustained height, this present embodiment is not limited.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that when tower tube inclination and distortion is measured, also a plurality of inclination acceleration sensor groups can be set in the differing heights position of tower tube; And/or acceleration transducer and inclination sensor are set at more height and positions; So that according to each sensor measurement, the corresponding equation of substitution is formed system of equations, obtains tower tube inclination and distortion equation X (h in the hope of separating; T) each parametric variable in; Obtain the deformation curve of tower tube, its concrete realization is identical or similar with above-mentioned steps 101-step 104, no longer explains at this.
To sum up, the wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism that the embodiment of the invention provides is through being provided with inclination sensor and acceleration transducer on the tower tube; Thereby can be according to the measured value of inclination sensor and acceleration transducer; Obtain the nonlinear deformation curve of tower tube, the non-sex change deformation curve of the tower tube that obtains has embodied the nonlinear deformation of the reality of tower tube, makes the deformation curve of the tower tube that measures more accurate; And adopt GPS to measure with respect to tradition, cost is low.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that above-mentioned Fig. 2 and embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 only be being arranged on a pair of acceleration transducer and the inclination sensor on the tower tube, and according to above-mentioned equation X (h, t)=(m+n Δ t) h
r+ ch
sCos (ω Δ t); (Δ t=t-t0) finds the solution static variable distortion variable, quasistatic distortion variable and the dynamic deformation variable that obtains the tower tube; Thereby obtain the deformation curve of tower tube; In the practical application, also can come according to above-mentioned equation X (h, t)=(m+n Δ t) h through a plurality of inclination sensors and acceleration transducer are set on the tower tube
r+ ch
sCos (ω Δ t); What (Δ t=t-t0) obtained the tower tube respectively is out of shape variable, to find the solution the deformation curve that obtains the tower tube, 1 acceleration transducer for example can be set; 2 inclination sensors; 4 acceleration transducers and 1 inclination sensor perhaps are set, do not limit at this, if can obtain the tower tube respectively be out of shape variable.
The wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism structural representation that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the invention two.As shown in Figure 5, the present embodiment deformation measuring device can be measured the inclination and distortion of tower tube shown in Figure 2, specifically can comprise data acquisition module 101, The deformation calculation module 102 and curve acquisition module 103, wherein:
The deformation calculation module 102; Be used for based on inclination angle that measures and acceleration; Obtain static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of tower tube; And confirm the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube based on static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of tower tube, this inclination and distortion equation comprises static quasistatic deformation equation and dynamic deformation equation;
Present embodiment can be realized the inclination and distortion of tower tube is measured, and its concrete implementation procedure can repeat no more at this referring to the explanation of the invention described above method embodiment.
The wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism structural representation that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the invention three.Measurement mechanism can carry out the inclination and distortion measurement to the tower tube that the inclination acceleration sensor is set at height h1 place in the present embodiment; Particularly; As shown in Figure 6, above-mentioned data acquisition module 101 can comprise confirms unit 1011 and data capture unit 1012 measuring period, wherein:
Above-mentioned The deformation calculation module 102 specifically can be used at least 3 different at least 3 acceleration that constantly measure are distinguished substitution tower tube inclination and distortion equation with the pitch angle; Find the solution the static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount that obtain in the deformation equation, obtain the tower tube inclination and distortion equation of tower tube in said measuring period.
In the present embodiment, described tower tube inclination and distortion equation is X (h, t)=(m+nt) h
r+ ch
sCos ω t through obtaining pitch angle and acceleration, obtains deflection wherein through equation solution, and then obtains the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube, and its concrete implementation procedure can repeat no more at this referring to the explanation of the invention described above method embodiment.
In addition, present embodiment wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism also can comprise measures filtration module and severe impact judge module, wherein, measures filtration module and is used for each sensor measurement measurement data is carried out LPF, disturbs to reduce high frequency noise; The severe impact judge module can be used for whether the tower tube is received severe impact and judges; Whether the deformation curve with the said tower tube confirming to measure is accurate; Particularly; This severe impact judge module can be used for measurement data is carried out fast Fourier transform and power spectrum calculating, detects when the energy proportion of the first rank mode does not reach predetermined threshold value, judges that said tower tube receives severe impact; Perhaps, judge, change when surpassing preset amplitude, judge that the tower tube receives severe impact with the acceleration amplitude that measures at acceleration transducer through amplitude thresholds to acceleration transducer.
The wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism that the embodiment of the invention provides can be measured the inclination and distortion of tower tube, obtains the nonlinear deformation curve of tower tube, and its concrete implementation procedure can repeat no more at this referring to the explanation of the invention described above method embodiment.
The wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring system structural representation that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the invention four.As shown in Figure 7; The present embodiment measuring system can comprise data collector 100 and deformation measuring device 200; Wherein, Data collector 100 can be included in the inclination acceleration sensor group that at least one height and position on the tower tube is provided with, and this tilt acceleration sensor groups comprises inclination sensor and the acceleration transducer that cooperates with inclination sensor, and its concrete set-up mode can be referring to above-mentioned shown in Figure 2; Deformation measuring device 200 is connected with each sensor in the data collector 100, can be the wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism that adopts the invention described above embodiment to provide, and concrete structure can be referring to the explanation of the invention described above device embodiment.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: all or part of step that realizes above-mentioned each method embodiment can be accomplished through the relevant hardware of programmed instruction.Aforesaid program can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium.This program the step that comprises above-mentioned each method embodiment when carrying out; And aforesaid storage medium comprises: various media that can be program code stored such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disc or CD.
What should explain at last is: above each embodiment is only in order to explaining technical scheme of the present invention, but not to its restriction; Although the present invention has been carried out detailed explanation with reference to aforementioned each embodiment; Those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment put down in writing, perhaps to wherein part or all technical characteristic are equal to replacement; And these are revised or replacement, do not make the scope of the essence disengaging various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme of relevant art scheme.
Claims (13)
1. wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method; The inclination and distortion that is used for the tower tube is measured; At least one height and position on the said tower tube is provided with inclination acceleration sensor group, and said tilt acceleration sensor groups comprises inclination sensor and the acceleration transducer that cooperates with inclination sensor; It is characterized in that said method comprises:
Obtain the tower tube pitch angle that sensor measurement obtains that tilts, and the acceleration that measures of acceleration transducer;
Based on inclination angle that measures and acceleration; Obtain static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of said tower tube; And confirm the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube based on static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of said tower tube, said inclination and distortion equation comprises static quasistatic deformation equation and dynamic deformation equation;
According to the inclination and distortion equation of said tower tube, confirm the inclination and distortion curve of said tower tube.
2. wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, height h1 place is provided with inclination acceleration sensor group on said tower tube;
The said acquisition tower tube pitch angle that sensor measurement obtains that tilts, and the acceleration that acceleration transducer measures comprises:
Obtain the measured value of said tower tube, and said acceleration transducer measured value is reached the zero hour of the moment of crest as a measuring period at the acceleration sensor of h1 height and position;
In said measuring period,, obtain inclination sensor and the measured values of acceleration transducer at least 3 different moment to be the said zero hour starting point;
Pitch angle that said basis measures and acceleration; Obtain static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of said tower tube, and confirm that according to static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of said tower tube the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube comprises:
Said at least 3 different at least 3 acceleration that constantly measure are distinguished substitution tower tube inclination and distortion equation with the pitch angle; Find the solution the static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount that obtain in the deformation equation, obtain the tower tube inclination and distortion equation of said tower tube in said measuring period.
3. wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
The inclination and distortion equation of said tower tube is X (h, t)=(m+n Δ t) h
r+ ch
sCos (ω Δ t+ φ), (Δ t=t-t0), wherein, t0 is the zero hour of said measuring period, and m is the static deformation amount of tower tube, and n is the quasistatic deflection of tower tube, and r is the static deformation index, ω, s, c are the dynamic deformation amount.
4. wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method according to claim 3; It is characterized in that; Distinguish substitution tower tube inclination and distortion equation with stating 3 different 3 acceleration that constantly measure with the pitch angle; Find the solution the static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount that obtain in the deformation equation, obtain the tower tube inclination and distortion equation of said tower tube and comprise in said measuring period:
To obtain first system of equations corresponding to 3 different acceleration difference substitution acceleration equations
constantly, wherein
representes the accekeration that the tower tube is highly located at h;
Will be corresponding to 3 different pitch angle difference substitution equation tan α (h, t)=(m+n Δ t) rh constantly
R-1+ csh
S-1Cos ω Δ t obtains second system of equations, and wherein, (h t) highly locates at h for the tower tube, the tangent value at t pitch angle constantly said tan α;
Simultaneous first system of equations and second system of equations obtain the general equation group, find the solution the value that obtains m, n, c, ω, r and s, and with said m, n, c, ω, r and s substitution equation X (h, t)=(m+n Δ t) h
r+ ch
sCos (ω Δ t+ φ) obtains tower tube inclination and distortion equation.
5. according to the arbitrary described wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that said acceleration transducer is arranged on the said inclination sensor, perhaps acceleration transducer is arranged on the position near said inclination sensor;
Said method also comprises:
Substitution pitch angle, the pitch angle compensation equation
that measures is compensated each pitch angle that measures;
Wherein, α is the pitch angle that inclination sensor measures, a
AccelerationBe the acceleration that the acceleration transducer that cooperates with inclination sensor measures, α
ActualBe the value after the inclined angle alpha that measures is compensated.
6. wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Each sensor measurement measurement data is carried out LPF, disturb to reduce high frequency noise.
7. wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Whether the tower tube is received severe impact judge, whether accurate with the deformation curve of the said tower tube confirming to measure.
8. wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, saidly whether the tower tube is received severe impact judges and comprises:
The measurement data of each sensor is carried out fast Fourier transform and power spectrum calculating, detect when the energy proportion of the first rank mode does not reach predetermined threshold value, judge that said tower tube receives severe impact;
Perhaps, judge, change when surpassing preset amplitude, judge that said tower tube receives severe impact with the acceleration amplitude that measures at acceleration transducer through amplitude thresholds to acceleration transducer.
9. wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism; The inclination and distortion that is used for the tower tube is measured; At least one height and position on the said tower tube is provided with inclination acceleration sensor group, and said tilt acceleration sensor groups comprises inclination sensor and the acceleration transducer that cooperates with inclination sensor; It is characterized in that said device comprises:
Data acquisition module is used to obtain the tower tube pitch angle that sensor measurement obtains that tilts, and the acceleration that measures of acceleration transducer;
The The deformation calculation module; Be used for according to the pitch angle and the acceleration that measure; Obtain static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of said tower tube; And confirm the inclination and distortion equation of tower tube according to static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount of said tower tube, said inclination and distortion equation comprises static quasistatic deformation equation and dynamic deformation equation;
The curve acquisition module is used for the inclination and distortion equation according to said tower tube, confirms the inclination and distortion curve of said tower tube.
10. wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism according to claim 9 is characterized in that, height h1 place is provided with inclination acceleration sensor group on said tower tube;
Said data acquisition module comprises:
Confirm the unit measuring period, be used to obtain the measured value of said tower tube, and said acceleration transducer measured value is reached the zero hour of the moment of crest as a measuring period at the acceleration sensor of h1 height and position;
Data capture unit was used in said measuring period, to be the said zero hour starting point, obtained inclination sensor and the measured values of acceleration transducer at least 3 different moment;
Said The deformation calculation module; Specifically be used for said at least 3 different at least 3 acceleration that constantly measure are distinguished substitution tower tube inclination and distortion equation with the pitch angle; Find the solution the static deformation amount, quasistatic deflection and the dynamic deformation amount that obtain in the deformation equation, obtain the tower tube inclination and distortion equation of said tower tube in said measuring period.
11. wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism according to claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Measure filtration module, be used for each sensor measurement measurement data is carried out LPF, disturb to reduce high frequency noise.
12. wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism according to claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Whether the severe impact judge module is used for whether the tower tube is received severe impact and judges, accurate with the deformation curve of the said tower tube confirming to measure;
Said severe impact judge module specifically is used for the measurement data of each sensor is carried out fast Fourier transform and power spectrum calculating, detects when the energy proportion of the first rank mode does not reach predetermined threshold value, judges that said tower tube receives severe impact; Perhaps, said severe impact judge module specifically is used for judging through the amplitude thresholds to acceleration transducer, changes when surpassing preset amplitude with the acceleration amplitude that measures at acceleration transducer, judges that said tower tube receives severe impact.
13. a wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measuring system is characterized in that, comprising:
Data collector is included in the inclination acceleration sensor group that at least one height and position on the tower tube is provided with, and said tilt acceleration sensor groups comprises inclination sensor and the acceleration transducer that cooperates with inclination sensor;
Deformation measuring device is connected with said data collector, requires the arbitrary described wind-powered electricity generation unit tower tube inclination and distortion measurement mechanism of 9-12 for adopting aforesaid right.
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