CN102506986B - Test system and method for mode and vibration of self-supporting tower and large-span power transmission tower - Google Patents
Test system and method for mode and vibration of self-supporting tower and large-span power transmission tower Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test system and method for mode and vibration of a self-supporting tower and a large-span power transmission tower. The test system is characterized by comprising a sensor, wherein the sensor is connected with a signal conditioner; the signal conditioner is connected with a digital signal collecting box; a digital signal collector is connected with a computer; the digital signal collector is provided with eight channels; and an auto-power spectrum analysis module, a cross-power spectrum analysis module and an environmental motivation mode analysis module are arranged in the computer. On the basis of an environmental motivation method, a method for fixing a reference point and moving a measured point is utilized to test mode parameters and vibration of a soaring power transmission tower. Besides, corresponding hardware equipment and software programs are utilized to ensure that the environmental motivation method can be used for performing off-line mode test and analysis for a power transmission tower model.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric transmission pole tower mode and vibration test system and method thereof, belong to technical field of power systems.
Background technology
Frequency domain relation between vibration response signal and the pumping signal of structure under certain vibrational excitation is the frequency response function of structure.According to the transport function in all feature degree of freedom of structure, modal parameter that can recognition structure through modal parameter matching and identification software: natural frequency, natural mode of vibration and modal damping.Modal parameter, also referred to as the dynamical dactylogram of structure or machine, is the main state parameter that characterizes Structural Reliability For Random Excitation.
For large scale structures such as bridge, skyscraper, electric transmission pole towers, be difficult to make it produce proper vibration with artificial excitation, traditional method such as sine sweep, pulse hammering all cannot be implemented.Unique feasible be the natural vibration information of utilizing structure to produce under the effect of environment (wind, pulse of the earth, driving vehicle) etc.Due to this environmental excitation effect a kind of random vibration with certain bandwidth often, in the vibratory response of works under this kind of arbitrary excitation, comprise the proper vibration in this frequency range.What affect large structure kinematic behavior is mainly the mode of low-frequency range, and ambient vibration is also exactly at low frequency end.Therefore,, although the acting force of ambient vibration cannot be measured, the ambient vibration response of only measuring structure also may be carried out the identification of model frequency, the vibration shape and damping.The rationale of the Modal Parameter Identification technology that Here it is based on environmental excitation.The beginning of this century, start to have obtained application in the modal test of large bridge.
Due near testing crew work high above the ground electric transmission pole tower prototype high-voltage electric field, surveying work condition is very difficult; When gentle breeze, vibration signal is faint, requires high to the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of survey sensor and instrument; Whole tower modal test is in order to obtain the shape of shaking more reliably, needs more measuring point, sensor and number adopted to instrument requirement port number a lot.The dynamic characteristic calculation of this complex system of Transmission Tower-line, has all done to simplify and has processed due to line and tower, and computational accuracy often largely depends on the short-cut method of effect, and result frequency phase-difference is very large.Must survey the self-vibration characteristic of system (model frequency and mode shake shape and mould damping), according to the modal parameter corrected Calculation model of actual measurement.The mode of oscillation field measurement of transmission relation tower prototype is according to very few at present, and the test modal analysis work of whole tower is almost blank.Single order mode of flexural vibration has only been done in indivedual research work.
The vibration of long record electric transmission pole tower under DIFFERENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS and mode state variation tendency may be predicted the variation of structural dynamic characteristic, before major accident occurs, send early warning information, prevent that burst accident from occurring.The great installations such as large bridge, skyscraper, dam have been carried out this on-line monitoring work.Some transmission line of electricity has also been equipped the fault such as circuit breaking, ground connection remote online monitoring system.Vibration and the monitoring of mode are bound to coming into one's own in the recent period, and the achievement popularization of this technology not only can improve electric transmission pole tower and combat a natural disaster the effect of work but also equip on the line this system self and also can create larger economic worth.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of off-line testing mode and method for testing vibration of towering Transmission Tower, makes environmental excitation method become possibility for the Modal testing and analysis of electric transmission pole tower prototype.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of self-supporting tower and large span power transmission tower mode and vibration test system, it is characterized in that: comprise sensor, described sensor is connected with signal condition instrument, signal condition instrument is connected with digital signal acquiring case, digital signal acquiring device is connected with computing machine, and described digital signal acquiring case has 8 passages, has auto-power spectrum analysis module, cross-power spectrum analysis module and environmental excitation model analysis module in described computing machine.
Aforesaid self-supporting tower and large span power transmission tower mode and vibration test system, is characterized in that: described data acquisition device has USB 2.0 interfaces, and 4 tunnel parallel synchronous gather, and AD conversion accuracy is 14bit, and voltage range is ± 5V; Program control enlargement factor is respectively × and 1, × 2, × 4, × 8, × 16; The highest sample frequency is 256KHz;
Described 4 channel signal regulating instruments comprise charge amplifying circuit, analog integrator circuit, voltage amplifier circuit and low-pass filter circuit, and voltage amplifier circuit enlargement factor is × 1, × 10, × 100; Low-pass filter circuit analysis frequency scope is 5Hz, 10Hz, 20Hz, 50Hz, 0.1kHz, 0.5kHz, 1kHz, 5kHz, 10kHz.
The method of testing of aforesaid self-supporting tower and large span power transmission tower mode and vibration test system, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) vibration transducer is arranged to following each point:
A) limb post measuring point is longitudinal X-axis and the horizontal Y-axis both direction of each two points on two relative angle limb posts, measuring point is lower tabula place and lower cross-arm bottom along short transverse position, tabula measuring point is X-axis and the Y direction at two adjacent mobile jib middle parts, cross-arm measuring point is X-axis and the Y direction of two overhanging ends of each cross-arm, described X-direction is for longitudinally along electric transmission pole tower wire direction, and Y direction is for laterally along electric transmission pole tower cross-arm direction;
B) the measuring point number of electric transmission pole tower Integral modes test, each root post is no less than longitudinal X-axis and the horizontal Y-axis both direction of 8 points, and every one side cross-arm is no less than longitudinal X-axis and the horizontal Y-axis both direction of 2 points;
2) sensor directly records the vibration velocity of electric transmission pole tower point position, adopts the effective value of vibration velocity to obtain respectively the longitudinal X-axis of electric transmission pole tower and horizontal Y axis vibration displacement peak value and acceleration peak value by integration and differentiation;
3) measure all measuring point vibratory responses of Transmission Tower, utilize auto-power spectrum analysis module, cross-power spectrum analysis module and environmental excitation model analysis module in computing machine to realize whole measuring point auto-power spectrum lump average computation, initial estimation model frequency, then overall fit obtains modal parameter and then obtains front 16 rank model frequency and the vibration shapes of electric transmission pole tower one-piece construction both direction.
The method of testing of aforesaid self-supporting tower and large span power transmission tower mode and vibration test system, it is characterized in that: in described step 3) in, adopt permanent datum, the method of traverse measurement point is measured, determine all point positions of electric transmission pole tower according to the requirement of measuring point number, selecting certain measuring point of electric transmission pole tower 2/3 eminence is permanent datum, each in the X-direction of permanent datum and Y direction a sensor is installed, each in the X-direction of all measuring points of electric transmission pole tower and Y direction according to this sensor is installed, utilize data acquisition system (DAS) to gather X-direction and Y direction and the X-direction of a measuring point and the vibration signal of Y direction of permanent datum simultaneously, until all measuring points of electric transmission pole tower all measure.
The present invention proposes off-line testing mode and the method for testing vibration of towering Transmission Tower, illustrated that test philosophy, method of testing, measuring point are arranged, testing software hardware should possess function.The present invention is based on environmental excitation method, initiate and tested towering Transmission Tower modal parameter and vibration by the method for permanent datum, traverse measurement point, and utilize corresponding hardware device and software program, make environmental excitation method become possibility for the Modal testing and analysis of electric transmission pole tower prototype.The present invention can obtain the front 16 rank modal parameters of the whole tower of electric transmission pole tower and partial structurtes, comprises frequency, the vibration shape and ratio of damping.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that electric transmission pole tower measuring point of the present invention is arranged schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is off-line vibration acquisition analytic system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is mode of the present invention and vibration-testing and parameter identification process figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Measure the item comprises:
A) electric transmission pole tower limb post, tabula and cross-arm vibration survey;
B) the longitudinal X of electric transmission pole tower and laterally front 6 rank model frequency and the vibration shapes of Y entirety both direction.
Measuring point is arranged:
A) limb post measuring point is the both direction (longitudinally X-axis and laterally Y-axis) of each two points on two relative angle limb posts, and measuring point height is lower tabula place and lower cross-arm bottom.Tabula measuring point is X-axis and the Y direction at two adjacent mobile jib middle parts.Cross-arm measuring point is X-axis and the Y direction of two overhanging ends of each cross-arm.
B) the measuring point number of electric transmission pole tower Integral modes test, requires each root post to be no less than the both direction of 8 points, and every one side cross-arm is no less than the both direction of 2 points.
Measuring amount:
The effective value (rms) that adopts vibration velocity, measurement unit is mm/S, obtains respectively vibration displacement peak value (mm) and acceleration peak value (m/s by integration and differentiation
2).
Measuring period:
A) off-line vibration survey: new tower is measured once before building up energising, as base-line data.Must measure environment temperature and wind speed at that time simultaneously.Measuring wind speed position is at foot tabula height.
Periodic measurement after putting into operation: crossover tower surveys twice every year, is once multiple season of typhoon in summer, selects wind speed to measure when larger, and another winter temperature is lower and measure while wrapping up in ice.The above electric transmission pole tower of 500kV is every two years measured once.
B) off-line mode test: new tower is measured once before building up energising, as base-line data.
Routine test after putting into operation.Crossover tower is annual, is chosen in multiple season of typhoon in summer or winter temperature lower and measure while wrapping up in ice.Every 3 years of the above electric transmission pole tower of 500kV once.
Measurement mechanism:
Sensor is selected: under electric transmission pole tower environmental excitation, vibratory response is measured and should be selected the highly sensitive speed pickup of low frequency, and low-frequency minimum is less than 0.2Hz.Voltage sensitivity is not less than 1VS/m.Sensor self should be solid, and lead-in wire is reliably convenient.
Installation of sensors: sensor measurement direction must meet the requirement of this test specification.Off-line type is measured with magnetic force suction base the fixing sensor assigned direction of inhaling in measured position.Online survey sensor must install stainless steel protective cover additional and protective cover is fixed on tested column or cross-arm with bolt.
Off-line data collecting device:
At least should have four-way digital signal acquiring analytic function, A/D conversion accuracy is not less than 12bit, and analysis frequency scope is selected 10Hz or 5Hz, and frequency resolution is not less than 0.025Hz.Signal condition instrument should be selected the low-pass filter identical with analysis frequency scope (10Hz or 5Hz), and should have enough enlargement factors.There is auto-power spectrum analysis, cross-power spectrum analytic function and environmental excitation model analysis (operational modal analysis) function.
Described 8 channel data vasculums have USB 2.0 interfaces, and 4 tunnel parallel synchronous gather, and AD conversion accuracy is 14bit, and voltage range is ± 5V; Program control enlargement factor is respectively × and 1, × 2, × 4, × 8, × 16; The highest sample frequency is 256KHz.
4 channel signal regulating instruments comprise charge amplifying circuit; Analog integrator circuit; Voltage amplifier circuit, enlargement factor is × 1, × 10, × 100; Low-pass filter circuit: analysis frequency scope is 5Hz, 10Hz, 20Hz, 50Hz, 0.1kHz, 0.5kHz, 1kHz, 5kHz, 10kHz; Input mode comprise voltage, electric charge and, ICP.
Measuring process:
Off-line data record analysis: the vibration velocity effective value of the both direction that the data of off-line record must measuring vibrations measuring point, obtain the peak-to-peak value of vibration displacement by digital integration, obtain the peak value of vibration acceleration by numerical differentiation.Measurement data must indicate temperature and wind speed at that time.
In order to ensure the reliability of data, 1 collection need be through multiple averaging, and average time is not less than 8, as the result of 1 measurement.The same direction of same measuring point, need to repeat 3 times and measure, after data stabilization as the data recording of this off-line measurement.
Must be through the correctness of its frequency spectrum of auto-power spectrum analysis verification before the data recording of record, auto-power spectrum figure should comprise the component of front 6 rank Integral modes frequencies, under naked tower and the test mode of switching on first, the result of vibration survey is preserved as the vibration base-line data of this tower, the vibration amplitude of later periodic measurement and frequency data and base-line data contrast.
Off-line mode measuring method: determine all point positions of electric transmission pole tower according to the requirement of measuring point number.Selecting certain measuring point of electric transmission pole tower 2/3 eminence is permanent datum.Each in the directions X of permanent datum and Y-direction a sensor is installed.Each in the directions X of all measuring points of electric transmission pole tower and Y-direction according to this sensor is installed.Gather directions X and Y-direction and the directions X of a measuring point and the vibration signal of Y-direction of permanent datum by 4 channel data acquisition systems simultaneously.Until all measuring points of electric transmission pole tower all measure.With model analysis software, the measurement data of all measuring points is analyzed to process of fitting treatment, obtain at least front 6 rank modal parameters of electric transmission pole tower.
The effect that the present invention reaches is:
(1), based on environmental excitation method, do not need artificial excitation, thereby greatly saved the cost of testing equipment and avoided artificial excitation to cause the damage to structure as fire a rocket or cut off that pretension steel wire causes that burst is impacted etc.
(2) the method is carried out under the true bearing state of works, is convenient to calculate and compare with theory.
(3), for large scale structures such as electric power pylons, for the inherent characteristic of characterization system, need a lot of degree of freedom of measuring.Actual measurement shows, by permanent datum, the method for traverse measurement point, only needs sensor, signal condition instrument and the number of 2 passages or 4 passages to adopt instrument and still can obtain correct model frequency and good Mode Shape.
Professional term explanation in the present invention:
1) dynamic perfromance determination test dynamic characteristics test
Whether correct the done test of mechanical model adopting while design with checking for the dynamic perfromance of solution structure, as modal test.
2) natural frequency nature frequency
By quality and the determined frequency of rigidity of system itself, n system with one degree of freedom generally has n natural frequency, and order is arranged by size, the end be first natural frequency.
3) modal test modal test
For the vibration test of determining that the modal parameter of system is done.
4) modal parameter modal parameter
The characteristic parameter of mode, i.e. each rank natural frequency, the vibration shape, modal mass, modal stiffness and the modal damping of vibrational system.
5) vibration shape modal shape
The vibration shape of a certain given mode of oscillation of mechanical system refers to the described figure of maximum displacement value that is departed from its equilibrium position by the point on neutral surface (or neutral axis).
6) environmental excitation modal test measuring principle
Mode of oscillation by environmental excitation method to electric transmission pole tower test both direction.
Carry out modal test for large scale structures such as electric transmission pole tower bridge construction things, cannot apply the artificial excitation of sine, random or pulse mode.But all there is certain vibration environment in any large structure, the vibration that such as wind, water impact, pulse of the earth, mobile vehicle cause etc.Under the excitation of these physical environments, works all can produce faint vibration.Although we cannot accurate quantification to these drive characteristics, also not knows nothing.Can reasonably suppose that these excitations are approximate stationary random signals, its frequency spectrum is the continuous spectrum with certain bandwidth, in bandwidth, substantially cover the interested frequency band of works, thereby comprised these mode in the vibration signal under the physical environment excitation of works.Test modal analysis technology based on environmental excitation is exactly only to carry out in the vibratory response under physical environment by structure.First, FFT is made respectively in the vibratory response of the vibratory response by whole measuring points under environmental excitation and a certain fixing reference point, identifies resonant frequency f on auto spectral density figure
i, then by the ratio Φ (f of each measuring point amplitude spectrum on resonant frequency with reference point
i) as the relative value of the vibration shape of this point, the positive and negative phase place as this vibration shape using the real part of their mutual spectral density in this frequency.
sgn(Φ(f
i))＝sgn(Real(G
ba(f
i)) (2)
Wherein A (f
i) be the Fourier transform of reference point signal a (t), B (f
i) be the Fourier transform of measurement point signal b (t), G
aa(f
i), G
bb(f
i) be respectively the auto spectral density of reference point signal, measurement point signal, G
ba(f
i) be the mutual spectral density of measurement point signal and reference point signal.
Each rank modal damping, according to the lump averaging spectrum of whole response point signals, adopts improved half-power bandwidth method to obtain.
Claims (2)
1. the method for testing of self-supporting tower and large span power transmission tower mode and vibration test system, self-supporting tower and large span power transmission tower mode and vibration test system comprise sensor, described sensor is connected with signal condition instrument, signal condition instrument is connected with digital signal acquiring case, digital signal acquiring device is connected with computing machine, described digital signal acquiring case has 8 passages, in described computing machine, there is auto-power spectrum analysis module, cross-power spectrum analysis module and environmental excitation model analysis module, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) vibration transducer is arranged to following each point:
A) limb post measuring point is longitudinal X-axis and the horizontal Y-axis both direction of each two points on two relative angle limb posts, measuring point is lower tabula place and lower cross-arm bottom along short transverse position, tabula measuring point is X-axis and the Y direction at two adjacent mobile jib middle parts, cross-arm measuring point is X-axis and the Y direction of two overhanging ends of each cross-arm, described X-direction is for longitudinally along electric transmission pole tower wire direction, and Y direction is for laterally along electric transmission pole tower cross-arm direction;
B) the measuring point number of electric transmission pole tower Integral modes test, each root post is no less than longitudinal X-axis and the horizontal Y-axis both direction of 8 points, and every one side cross-arm is no less than longitudinal X-axis and the horizontal Y-axis both direction of 2 points;
2) sensor directly records the vibration velocity of electric transmission pole tower point position, adopts the effective value of vibration velocity to obtain respectively the longitudinal X-axis of electric transmission pole tower and horizontal Y axis vibration displacement peak value and acceleration peak value by integration and differentiation;
3) measure all measuring point vibratory responses of Transmission Tower, utilize auto-power spectrum analysis module, cross-power spectrum analysis module and environmental excitation model analysis module in computing machine to realize whole measuring point auto-power spectrum lump average computation, initial estimation model frequency, then overall fit obtains modal parameter and then obtains front 16 rank model frequency and the vibration shapes of electric transmission pole tower one-piece construction both direction.
2. the method for testing of self-supporting tower according to claim 1 and large span power transmission tower mode and vibration test system, it is characterized in that: in described step 3), adopt permanent datum, the method of traverse measurement point is measured, determine all point positions of electric transmission pole tower according to the requirement of measuring point number, selecting certain measuring point of electric transmission pole tower 2/3 eminence is permanent datum, each in the X-direction of permanent datum and Y direction a sensor is installed, each in the X-direction of all measuring points of electric transmission pole tower and Y direction according to this sensor is installed, utilize data acquisition system (DAS) to gather X-direction and Y direction and the X-direction of a measuring point and the vibration signal of Y direction of permanent datum simultaneously, until all measuring points of electric transmission pole tower all measure.
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Owner name: JIANGSU ELECTRIC POWER CO. STATE ELECTRIC NET CROP Effective date: 20121029 |
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Effective date of registration: 20121029 Address after: 211102 Su mansion, No. 58 Su Fang Avenue, Jiangning District, Jiangsu, Nanjing Applicant after: Jiangsu Fangtian Power Technology Co., Ltd. Applicant after: Jiangsu Electric Power Company Applicant after: State Grid Corporation of China Address before: 211102 Su mansion, No. 58 Su Fang Avenue, Jiangning District, Jiangsu, Nanjing Applicant before: Jiangsu Fangtian Power Technology Co., Ltd. |
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Owner name: JIANGSU ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY STATE GRID CORPORAT Free format text: FORMER OWNER: JIANGSU ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY STATE GRID CORPORATION OF CHINA Effective date: 20140703 |
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Inventor after: Lu Xiulian Inventor after: Liu Xiaofeng Inventor after: Huang Lei Inventor after: Sun Hetai Inventor after: Chen Xiaohua Inventor before: Lu Xiulian Inventor before: Liu Xiaofeng Inventor before: Huang Lei Inventor before: Sun Hetai |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: LU XIULIAN LIU XIAOFENG HUANG LEI SUN HETAI TO: LU XIULIAN LIU XIAOFENG HUANG LEI SUN HETAI CHEN XIAOHUA |
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Effective date of registration: 20140703 Address after: 211102 Su mansion, No. 58 Su Fang Avenue, Jiangning District, Jiangsu, Nanjing Patentee after: Jiangsu Fangtian Power Technology Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Jiangsu Electric Power Company Patentee after: State Grid Corporation of China Patentee after: Huaian Power Supply Company of Jiangsu Electric Power Company Address before: 211102 Su mansion, No. 58 Su Fang Avenue, Jiangning District, Jiangsu, Nanjing Patentee before: Jiangsu Fangtian Power Technology Co., Ltd. Patentee before: Jiangsu Electric Power Company Patentee before: State Grid Corporation of China |