CN109588709A - 一种预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于功能性食品制备技术领域，具体涉及一种预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉及制备方法，按重量份计，包括如下组分：复合蛋白粉85‑95份、β‑羟基‑β甲基丁酸钙1.8‑2份、胶原蛋白肽粉1.5‑1.8份、蓝莓花青素0.5‑1.2份、维生素预混料0.2‑0.8份、微量元素预混料0.15‑0.5份、益生元3‑5份。本发明利用动植物蛋白互补原理，在蛋白粉中添加胶原蛋白肽、微量元素与复合维生素、益生元、蓝莓花青素等多种活性物，各组分协同作用，获得一种口感好，低脂肪、低胆固醇，亮氨酸含量高的复合蛋白粉，全面满足肌肉衰减症人群的营养需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能性食品制备技术领域，具体涉及一种预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉及制备方法。
背景技术
随着年龄的增长，老年人骨骼肌质量减少、肌肉力量衰退以及机体脂肪含量增加，骨折的发病率迅速增加，导致老年人身体活动能力降低，生活质量下降。肌少症的本质是肌纤维数量与横截面积下降及蛋白质净降解，与炎症加剧、氧化应激损伤、线粒体功能障碍、细胞自噬异常和肌肉质量调控因子失调等因素密切相关。《2015年肌肉衰减综合征营养与运动干预中国专家共识》指出，老年肌肉衰减人群的防治措施主要是营养疗法和运动疗法。蛋白质是一切生命的物质基础，在健康成人肌肉蛋白占全身蛋白的一半以上，当老年人蛋白质摄入不足，肌肉蛋白分解超过合成时，会引起肌肉质量减少，增加肌少症发生的风险，保证优质蛋白质的补给是预防老年人群肌少症发生关键环节之一。目前对而国内市场上在预防肌肉衰减的蛋白粉多以乳清蛋白为主要原料，但每日摄入大于20g的乳清蛋白则会促进氨基酸氧化和尿素生成。
而以《2015年肌肉衰减综合征营养与运动干预中国专家共识》为基础，利用优质蛋白为主要原料，强化植物蛋白质与动物蛋白质互补作用，易消化、高营养，低脂肪、低胆固醇，特别适合老年肌肉衰减人群的蛋白粉则没有。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉及制备方法，利用动植物蛋白互补原理，在蛋白粉中添加胶原蛋白肽、微量元素与复合维生素、益生元、蓝莓花青素等多种活性物，各组分协同作用，获得一种口感好，低脂肪、低胆固醇，亮氨酸含量高的复合蛋白粉，全面满足肌肉衰减症人群的营养需求。
本发明是这样实现的，一种预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉，按重量份计，包括如下组分：复合蛋白粉85-95份、β-羟基-β甲基丁酸钙1.8-2份、胶原蛋白肽粉1.5-1.8份、蓝莓花青素0.5-1.2份、维生素预混料0.2-0.8份、微量元素预混料0.15-0.5份、益生元3-5份。
进一步地，所述复合蛋白粉按照重量比包括火麻蛋白粉37-42％、乳清蛋白粉58-63％。
进一步地，所述维生素预混料按重量比包括维生素C15-30％、维生素D32-13％、维生素A5-17％、维生素E 25-40％、维生素K1-5.0％、维生素Bl0.5-5.0％、维生素B2 0.05-3.00％、维生素B60.5-4％、维生素B120.5-5.0％、烟酰胺3-13％、叶酸0.5-5.0％、D-泛酸钙0.5-5.0％、生物素0.5-5.0％。
进一步地，所述微量元素预混料按重量比包括氯化钾10-42％、氯化钠5-18％、硫酸铜0.1-0.80％、硫酸镁10-25％、硫酸亚铁8-40％、硫酸锌5-9.5％、硫酸锰0.1-1.0％、亚硒酸钠2-5.0％。
进一步地，所述益生元由低聚果糖、菊粉、低聚半乳糖中的多种组成。
本发明还提供一种预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)复合蛋白粉制备：火麻脱脂粉与水以1∶2(m：v)比例混合，70-80℃浸泡30min后，粗磨10min纱布过滤取滤液，滤渣同样条件下再处理两次，合并3次滤液，用胶体磨细磨10min后，过200目滤网筛备用；用3mol/L的NaOH调节pH为7.0-8.0，18-20℃搅拌0.5-1h，10000g离心10min后取上清液；用3mol/L的盐酸溶液调节上清液pH至4-4.5，室温搅拌10-20min，10000g离心10min后取沉淀，将沉淀加水复溶，配制成6％蛋白溶液，用3mol/L的NaOH调节pH到7.0，用高压均质机20MPa均质后，进行喷雾干燥，得到火麻蛋白粉，将火麻蛋白粉与乳清蛋白粉混合得到复合蛋白粉；
2)将维生素C、维生素D3、维生素A、维生素E、维生素K、维生素Bl、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酰胺、叶酸、D-泛酸钙、生物素按一定的重量比组成维生素预混料；将氯化钾、氯化钠、硫酸铜、硫酸镁、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、亚硒酸钠中的多种按一定的重量比组成微量元素预混料；将低聚果糖、菊粉、低聚半乳糖中的多种按一定的重量比组成益生元；
3)取β-羟基-β甲基丁酸钙、蓝莓花青素与步骤2)中的维生素预混料、微量元素预混料混合10-15min备用；
4)再将步骤3)中的混合物料、步骤2)中的益生元一起加入混料罐，总混30-50min，灌装即得。
上述蛋白粉中的主要成分的保健原理如下：
火麻蛋白粉：火麻蛋白不含胆固醇，必需氨基酸组分均衡，富含有效防止肌肉损失的支链氨基酸，亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸均高于FAO/WHO推荐值。
乳清蛋白粉：氨基酸组成与世界卫生组织人体必需氨基酸需要量模式相近，消化和利用率高，富含支链氨基酸，具有预防老年人肌肉蛋白降解作用。
胶原蛋白肽：富含人体需要的甘氨酸、脯氨酸、羟脯氨酸等氨基酸，促进Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和黏多糖产生，具有调节脂代谢紊乱、调节肠道微生态及与金属元素螯合以及免疫调节等多种活性。
维生素D：通过抗氧化作用减少骨骼肌蛋白水解，延缓骨骼肌衰老凋亡，缺乏维生素D可选择性引起Ⅱ型肌纤维萎缩。
维生素E：可以清除活性氧和提高细胞的抗氧化能力，提高机体抗氧化能力、从而减轻氧化应激对肌肉造成的损伤，进而达到保护肌肉功能的目的。
β-羟基-β甲基丁酸钙(CaHMB)：β-羟基-β甲基丁酸钙(HMB)是亮氨酸的中间代谢物，可以能促进肌肉生长，减少肌肉流失，增强肌肉力量和延缓肌肉疲劳，CaHMB为HMB的钙盐。HMB能激活哺乳动物类mTOR途径和增加IGF-1表达，增加肌肉蛋白合成；抑制泛素-蛋白酶通路的表达和活性，抑制肌肉蛋白质降解；还能通过减轻分解代谢过程中的细胞凋亡，从而抑制肌肉蛋白降解；减轻全身慢性炎症。
益生元：一类不能被人体消化的食物成分，能够促进益生菌的生长，增加肠道菌群的多样性，改善肠道的微环境，进而改善老年人机体整体的健康状况，减少机体炎症和氧化应激水平。
蓝莓花青素：花青素是迄今为止最有效的天然水溶性自由基清除剂,通过清除自由基，维持氧化还原状态平衡，从而保护骨骼肌细胞抵御氧化损伤。花青素还能促进VC和VE的吸收,增强其抗氧化功效，花青素与胶原蛋白有较强的亲和力,相互之间能形成保护膜,防止细胞和组织被自由基氧化。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
针对老年人肌肉衰减人群的代谢特点，选用富含亮氨酸、异亮氨酸等支链氨基酸的火麻蛋白粉、乳清蛋白粉作为基料，根据蛋白质之间的互补准则，将火麻蛋白、乳清蛋白合理配比，其必需氨基酸的比例接近FAO/WHO推荐模式。
植物蛋白质与动物蛋白质各有优点，二者混合使用可以强化动植物蛋白互补作用，易消化、高营养，低脂肪、低胆固醇，特别适合老年人群。
参照《2015年肌肉衰减综合征营养与运动干预中国专家共识》，依据老年肌肉衰减人群的体质特征，添加了减少肌肉流失的CaHMB、减少肌肉氧化应激损伤的蓝莓花青素、改善老年肠道微生态的益生元，各组分协同作用，满足肌肉衰减症人群的营养需求。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1、
一种预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉，按重量份计，包括如下组分：复合蛋白粉85份、β-羟基-β甲基丁酸钙1.8份、胶原蛋白肽粉1.5份、蓝莓花青素0.5份、维生素预混料0.2份、微量元素预混料0.15份、益生元3份。
复合蛋白粉按照重量比包括火麻蛋白粉37％、乳清蛋白粉63％。
维生素预混料按重量比包括维生素C 15％、维生素D32％、维生素A17％、维生素E40％、维生素K3.0％、维生素Bl 3.0％、维生素B2 2.00％、维生素B62％、维生素B123.0％、烟酰胺5％、叶酸3.0％、D-泛酸钙3.0％、生物素2.0％。
微量元素预混料按重量比包括氯化钾10％、氯化钠17％、硫酸铜0.80％、硫酸镁25％、硫酸亚铁40％、硫酸锌5％、硫酸锰0.20％、亚硒酸钠2％。
益生元由按重量比包括低聚果糖50％、菊粉25％、低聚半乳糖25％。
上述预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)复合蛋白粉制备：火麻脱脂粉与水以1∶2(m：v)比例混合，70-80℃浸泡30min后，粗磨10min纱布过滤取滤液，滤渣同样条件下再处理两次，合并3次滤液，用胶体磨细磨10min后，过200目滤网筛备用；用3mol/L的NaOH调节pH为7.0-8.0，18-20℃搅拌0.5-1h，10000g离心10min后取上清液；用3mol/L的盐酸溶液调节上清液pH至4-4.5，室温搅拌10-20min，10000g离心10min后取沉淀，将沉淀加水复溶，配制成6％蛋白溶液，用3mol/L的NaOH调节pH到7.0，用高压均质机20MPa均质后，进行喷雾干燥，得到火麻蛋白粉，将火麻蛋白粉与乳清蛋白粉混合得到复合蛋白粉；
2)将维生素C、维生素D3、维生素A、维生素E、维生素K、维生素Bl、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酰胺、叶酸、D-泛酸钙、生物素按上述重量比组成维生素预混料；将氯化钾、氯化钠、硫酸铜、硫酸镁、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、亚硒酸钠按上述重量比组成微量元素预混料；将低聚果糖、菊粉、低聚半乳糖中按一定的重量比组成益生元；
3)取β-羟基-β甲基丁酸钙、蓝莓花青素与步骤2)中的维生素预混料、微量元素预混料混合10-15min备用；
4)再将步骤3)中的混合物料、步骤2)中的益生元一起加入混料罐，总混30-50min，灌装即得。
实施例2、
一种预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉，按重量份计，包括如下组分：复合蛋白粉95份、β-羟基-β甲基丁酸钙2份、胶原蛋白肽粉1.8份、蓝莓花青素1.2份、维生素预混料0.8份、微量元素预混料0.5份、益生元5份。
复合蛋白粉按照重量比包括火麻蛋白粉42％、乳清蛋白粉58％。
维生素预混料按重量比包括维生素C30％、维生素D35％、维生素A10％、维生素E30％、维生素K5.0％、维生素Bl 2.0％、维生素B2 2.0％、维生素B62％、维生素B122.0％、烟酰胺4％、叶酸4.0％、D-泛酸钙2.0％、生物素2.0％。
微量元素预混料按重量比包括氯化钾42％、氯化钠8％、硫酸铜0.3％、硫酸镁14％、硫酸亚铁25％、硫酸锌5％、硫酸锰0.7％、亚硒酸钠5.0％。
益生元按重量比包括低聚果糖50％、菊粉25％、低聚半乳糖25％。
上述预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3、
一种预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉，按重量份计，包括如下组分：复合蛋白粉90份、β-羟基-β甲基丁酸钙1.9份、胶原蛋白肽粉1.7份、蓝莓花青素0.8份、维生素预混料0.6份、微量元素预混料0.3份、益生元4份。
复合蛋白粉按照重量比包括火麻蛋白粉40％、乳清蛋白粉60％。
维生素预混料按重量比包括维生素C20％、维生素D35％、维生素A5％、维生素E35％、维生素K5.0％、维生素Bl 5.0％、维生素B2 2.00％、维生素B62％、维生素B123.0％、烟酰胺5％、叶酸3.0％、D-泛酸钙5.0％、生物素5.0％。
微量元素预混料按重量比包括氯化钾35％、氯化钠15％、硫酸铜0.50％、硫酸镁14％、硫酸亚铁25％、硫酸锌5％、硫酸锰0.50％、亚硒酸钠5.0％。
益生元按重量比包括低聚果糖50％、菊粉25％、低聚半乳糖25％。
上述预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉的制备方法同实施例1。
实验例1、
受试者：随机、对照、双盲、平行实验，48名健康老年人，男女各半，年龄(70士2岁)作为研究对象。
方法：连续8周的蛋白粉或乳清蛋白粉饮食干预，DXA测定评估瘦体重的变化。
剂量：试用组的受试者食用实施例1所述蛋白粉，对照组1食用单纯乳清蛋白粉，对照组2食用脱脂奶粉，食用方法每日一次，每次20克。
方案：每日老年人健康操10分钟，每日漫步1500步。
结果：采用生物电阻抗技术，老人测5米的步速(漫步行走的速度)，试用组和对照组1的老人步速度都明显的改善，测定试用组的老人BMI增加(男性达到l0.4kg/m2，女性达到6.8kg/m2),对照组1老人的BMI增加(男性达到8.8kg/m2，女性达到6.0kg/m2),对照组2老人的BMI增加(男性达到3.2kg/m2，女性达到2.1kg/m2)，方差分析数据，试用组和对照组1没有统计学差异(p>0.05)，试用组和对照组2具有统计学差异(p<0.05)，对照组1和对照组2具有统计学差异(p<0.05)。
实验例2、
受试者：随机、对照、双盲、平行实验，48名健康老年人作为研究对象，男女各半，年龄(70士2岁)作为研究对象。
方法：连续8周的蛋白粉或乳清蛋白粉饮食干预，DXA测定评估瘦体重的变化。
剂量:试用组的受试者食用实施例3所述蛋白粉，对照组1食用单纯乳清蛋白粉，对照组2食用脱脂奶粉，食用方法每日一次，每次20克。
方案：每日卧床休息为主，漫步小于1000步。
结果：对照组2受试者的瘦体重总量明显降低(2.37士0.72kg，p<0.05)，对照组1受试者的瘦体重总量明显降低(1.31士0.41kg，p<0.05),试用组受试者瘦体重下降得到抑制(1.06士0.17kg，p<0.34)，方差分析数据，试用组和对照组1间具有统计学差异(p<0.05)，试用组和对照组2间具有统计学差异(p<0.05)，对照组1和对照组2具有统计学差异(p<0.05)。
结论：70岁老年人每日补充含有β-羟基-β甲基丁酸钙、胶原蛋白肽粉、蓝莓花青素的复合蛋白粉，可有效改善老年人身体成分，增加瘦体重，增加肌肉含量，减缓肌肉衰减。
Claims (6)
1.一种预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉，其特征在于，按重量份计，包括如下组分：复合蛋白粉85-95份、β-羟基-β甲基丁酸钙1.8-2份、胶原蛋白肽粉1.5-1.8份、蓝莓花青素0.5-1.2份、维生素预混料0.2-0.8份、微量元素预混料0.15-0.5份、益生元3-5份。
2.按照权利要求1所述的预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉，其特征在于，所述复合蛋白粉按照重量比包括火麻蛋白粉37-42％、乳清蛋白粉58-63％。
3.按照权利要求1所述的预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉，其特征在于，所述维生素预混料按重量比包括维生素C15-30％、维生素D32-13％、维生素A5-17％、维生素E 25-40％、维生素K1-5.0％、维生素Bl 0.5-5.0％、维生素B2 0.05-3.00％、维生素B60.5-4％、维生素B120.5-5.0％、烟酰胺3-13％、叶酸0.5-5.0％、D-泛酸钙0.5-5.0％、生物素0.5-5.0％。
4.按照权利要求1所述的预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉，其特征在于，所述微量元素预混料按重量比包括氯化钾10-42％、氯化钠5-18％、硫酸铜0.1-0.80％、硫酸镁10-25％、硫酸亚铁8-40％、硫酸锌5-9.5％、硫酸锰0.1-1.0％、亚硒酸钠2-5.0％。
5.按照权利要求1所述的预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉，其特征在于，所述益生元由低聚果糖、菊粉、低聚半乳糖中的多种组成。
6.一种预防老年肌肉衰减的复合蛋白粉的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1)复合蛋白粉制备：火麻脱脂粉与水以1∶2(m：v)比例混合，70-80℃浸泡30min后，粗磨10min后纱布过滤取滤液，滤渣同样条件下再处理两次，合并3次滤液，用胶体磨细磨10min后，过200目滤网筛备用；用3mol/L的NaOH调节pH为7.0-8.0，18-20℃搅拌0.5-1h，10000g离心10min后取上清液；用3mol/L的盐酸溶液调节上清液pH至4-4.5，室温搅拌10-20min，10000g离心10min后取沉淀，将沉淀加水复溶，配制成6％蛋白溶液，用3mol/L的NaOH调节pH到7.0，用高压均质机20MPa均质后，进行喷雾干燥，得到火麻蛋白粉，将火麻蛋白粉与乳清蛋白粉混合得到复合蛋白粉；
2)将维生素C、维生素D3、维生素A、维生素E、维生素K、维生素Bl、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酰胺、叶酸、D-泛酸钙、生物素按一定的重量比组成维生素预混料；将氯化钾、氯化钠、硫酸铜、硫酸镁、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、亚硒酸钠中的多种按一定的重量比组成微量元素预混料；将低聚果糖、菊粉、低聚半乳糖中的多种按一定的重量比组成益生元；
3)取β-羟基-β甲基丁酸钙、蓝莓花青素与步骤2)中的维生素预混料、微量元素预混料混合10-15min备用；
4)再将步骤3)中的混合物料、步骤2)中的益生元一起加入混料罐，总混30-50min，灌装即得。
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| CN110037297A (zh) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-23 | 宁波特壹食品有限公司 | 一种适宜肌肉衰减综合症的配方粉及其制备方法 |
| WO2020260958A1 (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-12-30 | Synbio Tech Inc. | Methods for treating sarcopenia and maintaining or increasing muscle mass and muscle strength in elder subjects |
| CN110801007A (zh) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-02-18 | 苟春虎 | 老年肌少症营养肽 |
| CN112155057A (zh) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-01 | 石家庄君乐宝乳业有限公司 | 高蛋白增肌稠厚型调制乳粉及其制备方法 |
| WO2022090457A1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-05 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Compositions containing nicotinamide and vitamin b6 and methods of using such compositions for treating cachexia or precachexia |
| WO2022090473A1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-05 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Compositions containing nicotinamide and vitamin b6 and methods of using such compositions for promoting muscle growth |
| WO2022090456A1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-05 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Compositions containing nicotinamide and vitamin b6 and methods of using such compositions for rehabilitation |
| WO2022090458A1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-05 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Compositions containing nicotinamide and vitamin b6 and methods of using such compositions for treating sarcopenia and frailty |
| CN114403454A (zh) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-29 | 陕西恒晟远誉生物医药科技有限公司 | 一种复合蛋白多肽钙粉 |
| CN114680339A (zh) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-01 | 天津医科大学 | 一种改善肌肉衰减延缓衰老的营养补充剂及其应用 |
| CN115918914A (zh) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-04-07 | 宝健（北京）生物技术有限公司 | 一种含复合蛋白的口服营养补充剂，制备及应用 |
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