CN109588232A - A kind of cultural method improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance - Google Patents

A kind of cultural method improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109588232A
CN109588232A CN201811630186.3A CN201811630186A CN109588232A CN 109588232 A CN109588232 A CN 109588232A CN 201811630186 A CN201811630186 A CN 201811630186A CN 109588232 A CN109588232 A CN 109588232A
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high temperature
corn
temperature resistant
cultural method
fertilizer
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高英波
李宗新
张慧
薛艳芳
钱欣
刘开昌
代红翠
温立玉
于正贵
王竹
韩小伟
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Maize Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Maize Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to summer corn planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of cultural method for effectively improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance.The cultural method of the present invention for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, mid or late June is postponed till by the way that date of seeding will be planted, and the seeding method by changing original common equal line-spacings be narrow row away from wide row away from interval plantation, and in such a way that corn big bell mouth stage foliage-spray chemical control agent carries out external source adjusting, more it is aided with after Climatic regionalization generation, in the mode that foliage-spray foliar fertilizer is regulated and controled, pass through the synergistic effect of above-mentioned each link, influence of the high temperature stress to corn planting yield has been effectively relieved, has played the role of protecting producing guarantor's amount.

Description

A kind of cultural method improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance
Technical field
The invention belongs to summer corn planting technology fields, and in particular to one kind effectively improves summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance Cultural method.
Background technique
Corn also known as maize, ear of maize, maize etc. belong to grass family Zea.Corn rich in carbohydrate, protein, The human bodies required nutriment such as vitamin, dietary fiber, minerals, especially its luteole rich in, linoleic acid and Glutathione.Have shown that luteole be the constituent of human retina, linoleic acid is the required rouge of needed by human body in relation to research Fat acid, glutathione have with raising immunity of organisms and anticancer function, dietary fiber delays blood glucose rise and removing enteron aisle The functions such as rubbish.It may be said that corn whole body is treasured, play a significant role to human body abnormal metabolism is adjusted.
It is important grain required for world population that corn, which is important cereal crops, forage crop, light industry crop, One of one of food and the raw material of industry, and be distributed widest cereal crops in the world, cultivated area is only second to wheat and water Rice two occupies third position.China is located in corn gold growth band, is the second-biggest-in-the-world maize production and consumption for being only second to the U.S. Big country, in China, corn is even more to have evolved into the first big industrial crops.
However, high temperature meteorological disaster takes place frequently by Gloal Climate Change Impact, maize production is seriously affected, especially It is the season of growth in summer corn, is frequently run onto florescence high temperature, and occurrence frequency is high, continues as Global climate change shows The development trend that time is long, heat evil degree is big, seriously threatens the safety in production of summer corn.Since the florescence is that corn coerces high temperature Compel the reaction most sensitive stage, under florescence high temperature stress, maize male ears Floret development is obstructed, and causes pollen amount to reduce living with pollen Power decline reduces and the underproduction so as to cause pollination setting percentage, has seriously affected the plantation yield of summer corn.Currently, right both at home and abroad The research that high temperature resistant is coerced during corn planting is also extremely limited, and there has been no highly effective prevention and control measures in production practices.
Therefore, the high temperature stress in summer corn planting season how is coped with, to improve the high temperature resistant in summer corn planting process Ability has positive meaning to stablizing and improving corn yield.
Summary of the invention
For this purpose, effectively improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in one kind is provided Cultural method, with solve the problems, such as in summer corn planting process in the prior art by high temperature slope influenced plant yield.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of cultivation side for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance of the present invention Method includes the following steps:
(1) it sows: according to the breeding time of selected corn variety, wide row and the mode at narrow row interval being taken to be broadcast Kind;
(2) it applies fertilizer: using seed manure precisely with technology is broadcast, using the 50% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount with whole phosphorus, potassium, zinc sulfate as kind Fertilizer applies, and the nitrogenous fertilizer of residue 50% is imposed in jointing stage or toy trumpet mouth phase;
(3) restrain the growth of seedlings: carrying out restraining the growth of seedlings processing after emergence of corn;
(4) change control: carrying out foliage-spray chemical control agent in corn big bell mouth stage and carry out external source adjusting:
(5) field management field management: is carried out in the way of general corn planting;
(6) suitable period harvest: harvest operation is carried out according to corn maturity in due course, and advocates late receipts.
In the step (1), the sowing step is to be sowed mid-June, and the corn variety of non-refractory is made to exist Pollination period of blooming avoids hot weather, to avoid or mitigate the Climatic regionalization extent of injury.
It in the step (1), controls in the seeding process, the line space of the wide row is 70-80cm, the narrow row Line space is 30-50cm.
In the step (2), the fertilising step is to take to apply trace-element fertilizer in a manner of water tune fertilizer.
In the step (3), the restraining the growth of seedlings step is to carry out after corn seed is emerged 10-15 days, and control the crouching Seedling stage is 20 ± 2 days.
In the step (4), the chemical control agent include glycine betaine, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, calcium chloride solution, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or Urea.
Preferably, in the chemical control agent, the concentration for controlling the glycine betaine is 40-60mg/L, controls the ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid Concentration is 500-700mg/L, the concentration of the control calcium chloride solution is 8-15mmol/L, the control potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 800-1000 times of dilution, the control urea are 600-800 times of dilution.
It further include after Climatic regionalization generation, in foliage-spray leaf in the field management step in the step (5) The step of leaven.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is per hectare 12-18kg urea, in 5-8kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4-5mg rape element Ester is watered 400-500L and is made.
More preferably, the step of foliage-spray adjusting control agent terminate in florescence next day carry out and continue carry out 7-10 days.
The cultural method of the present invention for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, postpones till June by that will plant date of seeding The mode of the middle ten days and the last ten days, make corn florescence avoid by the end of July August just the high temperature frequent period, to avoid or mitigate Climatic regionalization harm Degree;And the seeding method by changing original common 60 centimetres equal line-spacings be narrow row away from 30-50 centimetres and wide row away from 70-80 The mode of centimeter apart plantation, to enhance the ventilation and heat translucency of maize population;And in turn by corn big bell mouth stage Foliage-spray chemical control agent carries out the mode of external source adjusting, to increase the nutrition of plant, and high temperature and drought can be prevented to functional leaf Injury plays the role of anti-aging, stablizes setting percentage, protects production guarantor's amount;More preferably it is aided with after Climatic regionalization generation, Yu Ye Face sprays the mode that foliar fertilizer is regulated and controled, to alleviate the loss of Climatic regionalization.Raising summer corn high temperature resistant kind of the present invention The cultural method of performance is planted by the synergistic effect of above-mentioned each link, and high temperature stress has been effectively relieved to the shadow of corn planting yield It rings, plays the role of protecting producing guarantor's amount.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, it below according to specific embodiments of the present invention and combines Attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, wherein
Fig. 1 is influence result of the wide-and narrow-row sowing to yield of Summer Corn;
Fig. 2 is influence result of the wide-and narrow-row sowing to summer corn grain number per spike;
Fig. 3 is influence result of the wide-and narrow-row sowing to Summer Corn Canopy temperature.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The cultural method of raising summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, includes the following steps: described in the present embodiment
(1) sowing time: since the continuous high temperature of long period under normal conditions is generally concentrated at late July to early August, So that the corn variety of non-refractory is avoided hot weather in pollination period of blooming, avoids or mitigate the Climatic regionalization extent of injury, it can root According to the breeding time of selected corn variety, adjusting date of seeding postpones till mid-June and is sowed, and is bloomed pollination with avoiding high temperature Phase;
After planting, using wide, narrow row interval planting patterns, control big line space is 70cm to stubble-cleaning, controls small line space For 50cm;
(2) apply fertilizer: preferably select the dedicated sustained-controll-release fertiliser of corn or stable fertilizer, recommend N P and K match (28-7-9) or Close proportion fertilizer, dose 600kg/hm2-750kg/hm2.Common chemical fertilizer is selected, fertilizer can be prepared according to following amount of nutrients, Purity nitrogen (N) 180kg/hm2-210kg/hm2, phosphorus (P2O5)60kg/hm2-90kg/hm2, potassium (K2O)120kg/hm2-150kg/hm2, Zinc sulfate 15kg/hm2-30kg/hm2.The 50% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount is applied with whole phosphorus, potassium, zinc sulfate as seed manure, seed manure point From 8cm-10cm, burn seedlings is prevented.In jointing stage (expansion of 6-8 leaf) or toy trumpet mouth phase (expansion of 9-10 leaf), Nitrogen Top Dressing 50% (90kg/hm2-105kg/hm2).The operations such as trench digging, fertilising, suppression, top dressing position are once completed using cultivator-fertilizer In plant row side 10cm-15cm, fertile bandwidth 3cm-5cm, another combine is poured water, and is used with the method for water tune fertilizer, accelerates fertilizer efficiency hair It waves, improves nutrition status of the plant, enhance high-temperature resistance;
(3) restrain the growth of seedlings: in the restraining the growth of seedlings of the emergence laggard behavior phase 20d of 10-15d, obtaining it and improve heat-resisting ability, mitigate The influence of florescence high temperature damage;
(4) change control: carrying out external source adjusting in the glycine betaine of corn big bell mouth stage (12 leaf exhibition) phase foliage-spray 50mg/L, Certain moisture can directly be supplemented, increase plant nutrition, and injury of the high temperature and drought to functional leaf can be prevented, delayed senescence, Stablize setting percentage, protect production;
(5) field management: field management is carried out in the way of general corn planting, and can be occurred in Climatic regionalization Afterwards, the phase of reblooming terminates next day progress foliage-spray foliar fertilizer, twice daily, and continues to carry out 7-10d;The foliar fertilizer is every Hectare 15kg urea, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 6kg, 4.5mg brassinosteroid, and be watered 450L and be made;
(6) suitable period harvest: carrying out harvest operation according to corn maturity in due course, advocates evening and receives, and harvests the mature mark of corn Will is that seed milk-line disappears substantially, base portion black layer occurs.
Embodiment 2
The cultural method of raising summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, includes the following steps: described in the present embodiment
(1) sowing time: since the continuous high temperature of long period under normal conditions is generally concentrated at late July to early August, So that the corn variety of non-refractory is avoided hot weather in pollination period of blooming, avoids or mitigate the Climatic regionalization extent of injury, it can root According to the breeding time of selected corn variety, adjusting date of seeding postpones till mid-June and is sowed, and is bloomed pollination with avoiding high temperature Phase;
After planting, using wide, narrow row interval planting patterns, control big line space is 80cm to stubble-cleaning, controls small line space For 30cm;
(2) apply fertilizer: preferably select the dedicated sustained-controll-release fertiliser of corn or stable fertilizer, recommend N P and K match (28-7-9) or Close proportion fertilizer, dose 600kg/hm2-750kg/hm2.Common chemical fertilizer is selected, fertilizer can be prepared according to following amount of nutrients. Purity nitrogen (N) 180kg/hm2-210kg/hm2, phosphorus (P2O5)60kg/hm2-90kg/hm2, potassium (K2O)120kg/hm2-150kg/hm2, Zinc sulfate 15kg/hm2-30kg/hm2.The 50% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount is applied with whole phosphorus, potassium, zinc sulfate as seed manure, seed manure point From 8cm-10cm, burn seedlings is prevented.In jointing stage (expansion of 6-8 leaf) or toy trumpet mouth phase (expansion of 9-10 leaf), Nitrogen Top Dressing 50% (90kg/hm2-105kg/hm2).The operations such as trench digging, fertilising, suppression, top dressing position are once completed using cultivator-fertilizer In plant row side 10cm-15cm, fertile bandwidth 3cm-5cm, another combine is poured water, and is used with the method for water tune fertilizer, accelerates fertilizer efficiency hair It waves, improves nutrition status of the plant, enhance high-temperature resistance;
(3) restrain the growth of seedlings: in the restraining the growth of seedlings of the emergence laggard behavior phase 20d of 10-15d, obtaining it and improve heat-resisting ability, mitigate The influence of florescence high temperature damage;
(4) change control: carrying out external source tune in the ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid of corn big bell mouth stage (12 leaf exhibition) phase foliage-spray 600mg/L Section can directly supplement certain moisture, increase plant nutrition, and can prevent high temperature and drought to the injury of functional leaf, delay to decline Always, stablize setting percentage, protect production;
(5) field management: field management is carried out in the way of general corn planting, and can be occurred in Climatic regionalization Afterwards, the phase of reblooming terminates next day progress foliage-spray foliar fertilizer, twice daily, and continues to carry out 10d;The foliar fertilizer is every public affairs Just 12kg urea, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 8kg, 4mg brassinosteroid are used, and is watered 450L and is made;
(6) suitable period harvest: carrying out harvest operation according to corn maturity in due course, advocates evening and receives, and harvests the mature mark of corn Will is that seed milk-line disappears substantially, base portion black layer occurs.
Embodiment 3
The cultural method of raising summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, includes the following steps: described in the present embodiment
(1) sowing time: since the continuous high temperature of long period under normal conditions is generally concentrated at late July to early August, So that the corn variety of non-refractory is avoided hot weather in pollination period of blooming, avoids or mitigate the Climatic regionalization extent of injury, it can root According to the breeding time of selected corn variety, adjusting date of seeding postpones till mid-June and is sowed, and is bloomed pollination with avoiding high temperature Phase;
After planting, using wide, narrow row interval planting patterns, control big line space is 80cm to stubble-cleaning, controls small line space For 40cm;
(2) apply fertilizer: preferably select the dedicated sustained-controll-release fertiliser of corn or stable fertilizer, recommend N P and K match (28-7-9) or Close proportion fertilizer, dose 600kg/hm2-750kg/hm2.Common chemical fertilizer is selected, fertilizer can be prepared according to following amount of nutrients. Purity nitrogen (N) 180kg/hm2-210kg/hm2, phosphorus (P2O5)60kg/hm2-90kg/hm2, potassium (K2O)120kg/hm2-150kg/hm2, Zinc sulfate 15kg/hm2-30kg/hm2.The 50% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount is applied with whole phosphorus, potassium, zinc sulfate as seed manure, seed manure point From 8cm-10cm, burn seedlings is prevented.In jointing stage (expansion of 6-8 leaf) or toy trumpet mouth phase (expansion of 9-10 leaf), Nitrogen Top Dressing 50% (90kg/hm2105kg/hm2).The operations such as trench digging, fertilising, suppression, top dressing position are once completed using cultivator-fertilizer In plant row side 10cm-15cm, fertile bandwidth 3cm-5cm, another combine is poured water, and is used with the method for water tune fertilizer, accelerates fertilizer efficiency hair It waves, improves nutrition status of the plant, enhance high-temperature resistance;
(3) restrain the growth of seedlings: in the restraining the growth of seedlings of the emergence laggard behavior phase 20d of 10-15d, obtaining it and improve heat-resisting ability, mitigate The influence of florescence high temperature damage;
(4) change control: carrying out external source in corn big bell mouth stage (12 leaf exhibition) phase foliage-spray 10mmol/L calcium chloride solution It adjusts, can directly supplement certain moisture, increase plant nutrition, and can prevent high temperature and drought from delaying to the injury of functional leaf Aging stablizes setting percentage, protects production;
(5) field management: field management is carried out in the way of general corn planting, and can be occurred in Climatic regionalization Afterwards, the phase of reblooming terminates next day progress foliage-spray foliar fertilizer, twice daily, and continues to carry out 10d;The foliar fertilizer is every public affairs Just 18kg urea, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 5kg, 5mg brassinosteroid are used, and is watered 450L and is made;
(6) suitable period harvest: carrying out harvest operation according to corn maturity in due course, advocates evening and receives, and harvests the mature mark of corn Will is that seed milk-line disappears substantially, base portion black layer occurs.
Embodiment 4
The cultural method of raising summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, includes the following steps: described in the present embodiment
(1) sowing time: since the continuous high temperature of long period under normal conditions is generally concentrated at late July to early August, So that the corn variety of non-refractory is avoided hot weather in pollination period of blooming, avoids or mitigate the Climatic regionalization extent of injury, it can root According to the breeding time of selected corn variety, adjusting date of seeding postpones till mid-June and is sowed, and is bloomed pollination with avoiding high temperature Phase;
After planting, using wide, narrow row interval planting patterns, control big line space is 75cm to stubble-cleaning, controls small line space For 40cm;
(2) apply fertilizer: preferably select the dedicated sustained-controll-release fertiliser of corn or stable fertilizer, recommend N P and K match (28-7-9) or Close proportion fertilizer, dose 600kg/hm2-750kg/hm2.Common chemical fertilizer is selected, fertilizer can be prepared according to following amount of nutrients. Purity nitrogen (N) 180kg/hm2-210kg/hm2, phosphorus (P2O5)60kg/hm2-90kg/hm2, potassium (K2O)120kg/hm2-150kg/hm2, Zinc sulfate 15kg/hm2-30kg/hm2.The 50% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount is applied with whole phosphorus, potassium, zinc sulfate as seed manure, seed manure point From 8cm-10cm, burn seedlings is prevented.In jointing stage (expansion of 6-8 leaf) or toy trumpet mouth phase (expansion of 9-10 leaf), Nitrogen Top Dressing 50% (90kg/hm2-105kg/hm2).The operations such as trench digging, fertilising, suppression, top dressing position are once completed using cultivator-fertilizer In plant row side 10cm-15cm, fertile bandwidth 3cm-5cm, another combine is poured water, and is used with the method for water tune fertilizer, accelerates fertilizer efficiency hair It waves, improves nutrition status of the plant, enhance high-temperature resistance;
(3) restrain the growth of seedlings: in the restraining the growth of seedlings of the emergence laggard behavior phase 20d of 10-15d, obtaining it and improve heat-resisting ability, mitigate The influence of florescence high temperature damage;
(4) change control: being carried out in 800 times of dilutions of corn big bell mouth stage (12 leaf exhibition) phase foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate outer Source is adjusted, and can directly be supplemented certain moisture, be increased plant nutrition, and can prevent high temperature and drought from prolonging to the injury of functional leaf Slow aging stablizes setting percentage, protects production;
(5) field management: field management is carried out in the way of general corn planting, and can be occurred in Climatic regionalization Afterwards, the phase of reblooming terminates next day progress foliage-spray foliar fertilizer, twice daily, and continues to carry out 7-10d;The foliar fertilizer is every Hectare 15kg urea, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 6kg, 4.5mg brassinosteroid, and be watered 450L and be made;
(6) suitable period harvest: carrying out harvest operation according to corn maturity in due course, advocates evening and receives, and harvests the mature mark of corn Will is that seed milk-line disappears substantially, base portion black layer occurs.
Embodiment 5
The cultural method of raising summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, includes the following steps: described in the present embodiment
(1) sowing time: since the continuous high temperature of long period under normal conditions is generally concentrated at late July to early August, So that the corn variety of non-refractory is avoided hot weather in pollination period of blooming, avoids or mitigate the Climatic regionalization extent of injury, it can root According to the breeding time of selected corn variety, adjusting date of seeding postpones till mid-June and is sowed, and is bloomed pollination with avoiding high temperature Phase;
After planting, using wide, narrow row interval planting patterns, control big line space is 75cm to stubble-cleaning, controls small line space For 40cm;
(2) apply fertilizer: preferably select the dedicated sustained-controll-release fertiliser of corn or stable fertilizer, recommend N P and K match (28-7-9) or Close proportion fertilizer, dose 600kg/hm2-750kg/hm2.Common chemical fertilizer is selected, fertilizer can be prepared according to following amount of nutrients. Purity nitrogen (N) 180kg/hm2-210kg/hm2, phosphorus (P2O5)60kg/hm2-90kg/hm2, potassium (K2O)120kg/hm2-150kg/hm2, Zinc sulfate 15kg/hm2-30kg/hm2.The 50% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount is applied with whole phosphorus, potassium, zinc sulfate as seed manure, seed manure point From 8cm-10cm, burn seedlings is prevented.In jointing stage (expansion of 6-8 leaf) or toy trumpet mouth phase (expansion of 9-10 leaf), Nitrogen Top Dressing 50% (90kg/hm2~105kg/hm2).The operations such as trench digging, fertilising, suppression, top dressing portion are once completed using cultivator-fertilizer Position is poured water in plant row side 10cm-15cm, fertile bandwidth 3cm-5cm, another combine, and is used with the method for water tune fertilizer, is accelerated fertilizer efficiency It plays, improves nutrition status of the plant, enhance high-temperature resistance;
(3) restrain the growth of seedlings: in the restraining the growth of seedlings of the emergence laggard behavior phase 20d of 10-15d, obtaining it and improve heat-resisting ability, mitigate The influence of florescence high temperature damage;
(4) change control: carrying out external source tune in 800 times of dilutions of corn big bell mouth stage (12 leaf exhibition) phase foliage-spray urea Section can directly supplement certain moisture, increase plant nutrition, and can prevent high temperature and drought to the injury of functional leaf, delay to decline Always, stablize setting percentage, protect production;
(5) field management: field management is carried out in the way of general corn planting, and can be occurred in Climatic regionalization Afterwards, the phase of reblooming terminates next day progress foliage-spray foliar fertilizer, twice daily, and continues to carry out 7-10d;The foliar fertilizer is every Hectare 15kg urea, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 6kg, 4.5mg brassinosteroid, and be watered 450L and be made;
(6) suitable period harvest: carrying out harvest operation according to corn maturity in due course, advocates evening and receives, and harvests the mature mark of corn Will is that seed milk-line disappears substantially, base portion black layer occurs.
Experimental example
1, wide-and narrow-row processing can dramatically increase yield of Summer Corn and grain number per spike
For stepping on extra large 605 kinds, respectively in a manner of equal line-spacings (60cm+60cm) sowing and same density wide-and narrow-row The mode of (80cm+40cm) sowing compares, and thickness of sowing is 4500 plants/acre, carries out according to identical general planting mode Yield of Summer Corn and grain number per spike are measured after planting (mode in such as embodiment 1) harvest, as a result respectively as shown in attached drawing 1-2.
Structure as shown in Figs. 1-2, using etc. line-spacings (60cm+60cm) sowing step on 605 average product 9.44t/hm of sea2, It is 10.15t/hm that wide-and narrow-row (80cm+40cm), which steps on extra large 605 average products, under same density2, and grain number per spike is respectively 473/fringe With 496/fringe.
As it can be seen that compared with conventional equal line-spacings sowing in the prior art, in such a way that width row interval of the present invention is sowed, Yield of Summer Corn and grain number per spike can be dramatically increased, yield of Summer Corn and grain number per spike increase separately 7.60% and 4.94%, difference Significantly (P < 0.05).
2, wide-and narrow-row processing can be effectively reduced summer spinning phase corncob position layer temperature
Obtain in 5 days spinning phases summer corn fringe position layer temperature, data during 8:00-18:00 automatically using moisture recorder Analysis is using average value in 5 days, as a result as shown in Figure 3.
As it can be seen that compared to line-spacings (60cm+60cm) plantation is waited, wide-and narrow-row (80cm+40cm) processing mode temperature declines range For 1.54%-6.70%, averagely decline 3.55% (although wherein 13:00 is increased, thus it is speculated that caused by may be direct sunlight It influences).
3, chemical control agent performance acts on
6 different types of Summer Corn Varieties are selected, 3 processing modes are respectively set, three kinds of modes are using width Row (80cm+40cm) seeding method, other plantations and processing mode are the same as experimental example 1;Wherein, I blank control is any not spray Chemical control agent, II sprays 50mg/L glycine betaine for big bell mouth stage, and III sprays 10mmol/L calcium chloride for big bell mouth stage;Test produces It is as shown in table 1 below to measure result.
1 chemical control agent of table is to test yield effect result
Variety name Blank control (kg/ mus) Glycine betaine (kg/ mus) Calcium chloride (kg/ mus)
Zheng Dan 958 771.49 788.47 792.14
Step on sea 605 675.56 696.44 677.81
First jade 047 628.51 684.91 668.72
Shandong single 9066 558.17 611.85 570.11
Linkage 808 464.09 546.05 560.80
Shandong single 1108 528.00 585.33 574.49
By upper table result it is found that the addition of chemical control agent helps directly to supplement certain moisture, increases plant nutrition, and can High temperature and drought is prevented to the injury of functional leaf, plays the role of anti-aging, stablizes setting percentage, protects production guarantor's amount.
Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarifying the description, and does not limit the embodiments.It is right For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And it is extended from this it is obvious variation or It changes still within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of cultural method for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, which comprises the steps of:
(1) it sows: according to the breeding time of selected corn variety, wide row and the mode at narrow row interval being taken to be sowed;
(2) it applies fertilizer: using seed manure precisely with technology is broadcast, using the 50% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount with whole phosphorus, potassium, zinc sulfate as seed-fertilizer applying Enter, the nitrogenous fertilizer of residue 50% is imposed in jointing stage or toy trumpet mouth phase;
(3) restrain the growth of seedlings: carrying out restraining the growth of seedlings processing after emergence of corn;
(4) change control: carrying out foliage-spray chemical control agent in corn big bell mouth stage and carry out external source adjusting:
(5) field management field management: is carried out in the way of general corn planting;
(6) suitable period harvest: harvest operation is carried out according to corn maturity in due course, and advocates late receipts.
2. the cultural method according to claim 1 for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, which is characterized in that the step Suddenly in (1), the sowing step is to be sowed mid-June, avoids the corn variety of non-refractory in pollination period of blooming Hot weather, to avoid or mitigate the Climatic regionalization extent of injury.
3. the cultural method according to claim 1 or 2 for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, which is characterized in that institute It states in step (1), controls in the seeding process, the line space of the wide row is 70-80cm, and the line space of the narrow row is 30-50cm。
4. the cultural method according to claim 1-3 for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, feature exist In in the step (2), the fertilising step is to take to apply trace-element fertilizer in a manner of water tune fertilizer.
5. the cultural method according to claim 1-4 for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, feature exist In in the step (3), the restraining the growth of seedlings step is to carry out after corn seed is emerged 10-15 days, and control the restraining the growth of seedlings phase and be 20 ± 2 days.
6. the cultural method according to claim 1-5 for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, feature exist In in the step (4), the chemical control agent includes glycine betaine, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, calcium chloride solution, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or urea.
7. the cultural method according to claim 6 for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, which is characterized in that describedization It controls in agent, the concentration for controlling the glycine betaine is 40-60mg/L, the concentration of the control ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid is 500-700mg/L, control The concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 8-15mmol/L, the control potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 800-1000 times of dilution, control institute Stating urea is 600-800 times of dilution.
8. the cultural method according to claim 1-7 for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, feature exist In, in the step (5), in the field management step, further include Climatic regionalization generation after, in foliage-spray foliar fertilizer Step.
9. the cultural method according to claim 8 for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance, which is characterized in that the leaf Leaven is per hectare 12-18kg urea, 5-8kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4-5mg brassinosteroid, is watered 400-500L and is made.
10. the cultural method for improving summer corn high temperature resistant plantation performance according to claim 8 or claim 9, which is characterized in that institute The step of stating foliage-spray adjusting control agent terminate in florescence next day carry out and continue carry out 7-10 days.
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CN110278843A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-09-27 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 A kind of light simplified cultivation method of rice resistant to high temperatures
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CN113079985A (en) * 2021-04-12 2021-07-09 中国水稻研究所 Key cultivation method for improving heat resistance of rice and application of key cultivation method in improving heat resistance of rice
CN113661888A (en) * 2021-09-15 2021-11-19 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Method for improving heat resistance of wheat in filling stage
CN114568227A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-06-03 山东省农业科学院 Planting method for realizing yield increase of summer corn by close planting

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CN110338010A (en) * 2019-07-15 2019-10-18 河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 A kind of cultural method improving summer corn growth heat-resisting ability
CN110235716A (en) * 2019-07-22 2019-09-17 河北省农林科学院遗传生理研究所(河北省农林科学院农产品质量安全研究中心) A kind of cultural method improving summer corn heat-resisting quantity
CN110278843A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-09-27 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 A kind of light simplified cultivation method of rice resistant to high temperatures
CN110896751A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-03-24 安徽农业大学 Method for relieving high-temperature heat damage of summer corn
CN112753569A (en) * 2021-02-05 2021-05-07 楚雄彝族自治州农业科学院 Method for cultivating new hybrid corn variety resistant to high temperature and heat damage
CN113079985A (en) * 2021-04-12 2021-07-09 中国水稻研究所 Key cultivation method for improving heat resistance of rice and application of key cultivation method in improving heat resistance of rice
CN113661888A (en) * 2021-09-15 2021-11-19 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Method for improving heat resistance of wheat in filling stage
CN113661888B (en) * 2021-09-15 2022-08-02 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Method for improving heat resistance of wheat in filling stage
CN114568227A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-06-03 山东省农业科学院 Planting method for realizing yield increase of summer corn by close planting

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